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Magnuson AD, Boonsinchai N, Caldas J, England J, Coon C. The relationship between phosphorus retention and fibroblast growth factor 23 in broiler breeders. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103889. [PMID: 38861844 PMCID: PMC11209637 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies with broiler breeders indicate a P retention threshold when fed daily dietary levels of non-phytate P (NPP) exceeding 320 mg. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone secreted by osteocytes which modulates P retention and could be the biological agent which controls the P threshold in breeders. To evaluate the relationship between FGF23 and the P retention threshold, a 4-wk study with 32-wk-old breeders was conducted with 6 dietary treatments with daily NPP intake of 216 to 576 mg/d/h with increments of 80 mg/kg diet. The goals were 1) to elucidate how plasma FGF23 corresponds with the P retention threshold in broiler breeders and 2) to determine the amount of P for optimal egg production and bone health. Results showed that between daily 288 mg and 360 mg dietary NPP intake, P retention decreased from 33 to 26% but FGF23 levels increased from 130 pg/mL to 220 pg/mL with increasing NPP. The elevation of plasma FGF23 between the range of 288 mg to 360 mg dietary NPP/d intake suggests that FGF23 is related to the P retention threshold and may be the major hormone for regulating physiological P levels when intake of daily dietary P levels are increased above 288 mg NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Magnuson
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - J Caldas
- Aviagen Incorporated, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
| | - J England
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - C Coon
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Zhao DR, Gao LB, Gong F, Feng J, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Wang J, Min YN. TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals eggshell matrix protein changes correlated with eggshell quality in Jing Tint 6 laying hens of different ages. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103463. [PMID: 38281332 PMCID: PMC10840124 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The decline in eggshell quality resulting from aging hens poses a threat to the financial benefits of the egg industry. The deterioration of eggshell quality with age can be attributed to changes in its ultrastructure and chemical composition. Specific matrix proteins in eggshells have a role in controlling crystal growth and regulating structural organization. However, the variations in ultrastructure and organic matrix of eggshells in aging hens remain poorly understood. This study assessed the physical traits, mechanical quality, chemical content, as well as the microstructural and nanostructural properties of eggs from Jing Tint 6 hens at 38, 58, 78, and 108 wk of age. Subsequently, a quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted to identify differences in protein abundance in eggshells between the ages of 38 and 108 wk. The results indicated a notable decline in shell thickness, breaking strength, index, fracture toughness, and stiffness in the 108-wk-age group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The ultrastructure variations primarily involved an increased ratio of the mammillary layer and a reduced thickness of the effective layer of eggshell in the 108-wk-age group (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences in eggshell compositions were observed among the various age groups (P > 0.05). Proteomic analysis revealed the identification of 76 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the eggshells of the 38-wk-age group and 108-wk-age group, which comprised proteins associated with biomineralization, calcium ion binding, immunity, as well as protein synthesis and folding. The downregulation of ovocleidin-116, osteopontin, and calcium-ion-related proteins, together with the upregulation of ovalbumin, lysozyme C, and antimicrobial proteins, has the potential to influence the structural organization of the eggshell. Therefore, the deterioration of eggshell quality with age may be attributed to the alterations in ultrastructure and the abundance of matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Rong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li-Bing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu-Na Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Mahato PL, Weatherby T, Ewell K, Jha R, Mishra B. Scanning electron microscope-based evaluation of eggshell quality. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103428. [PMID: 38301498 PMCID: PMC10847681 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The eggshell is the outermost covering of an egg that provides physical and chemical protection. It is a major source of calcium and minerals for the growing embryo during incubation. The egg industry suffers from a considerable economic loss due to poor eggshell quality. Therefore, developing an accurate and precise method of determining eggshell quality is crucial in improving eggshells in subsequent generations of breeding stock. Hence, this study aimed to develop a method to accurately and precisely determine 1) eggshell thickness using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 2) eggshell mineral components using an SEM-Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) system. Four types of table eggs (N = 48; 12 eggs/group): Cage-Free Organic from the US Mainland (CFO-M) and Hawaii (CFO-H), Caged Non-Organic from the US Mainland (CNO-M), and Hawaii (CNO-H) were sourced from the grocery store. Approximately 0.5 mm2 pieces of eggshells from the equator region of the egg were taken and processed for visualization under the SEM. Three distinct layers of eggshell were identified under SEM: the outermost cuticle, the middle palisade, and the innermost mammillary region. The results showed that CFO-H eggs have a greater eggshell thickness (380.43 ± 2.69 µm) and effective thickness (306.28 ± 4.15 µm). Similarly, the mammillary knob count was denser in CNO-H eggs (186 ± 23.02 knobs/0.5 mm2). Calcium (97.36 ± 0.17%) was the highest among minerals in lower palisades (LP). The magnesium concentration was lowest in the LP region, whereas the phosphorus concentration was highest in the upper palisades. Our study established a scientific method to assess the eggshell quality and biochemical characteristics of eggs through SEM and EDS. This method can be used as a marker for selecting superior parent stock to improve eggshell quality in subsequent generations of breeding stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Lal Mahato
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical, Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tina Weatherby
- Biological Electron Microscope Facility, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kristen Ewell
- Biological Electron Microscope Facility, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical, Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical, Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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4
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Liu W, Lin J, Zhang C, Yang Z, Shan H, Jiang J, Wan X, Wang Z. Effect of Dietary Casein Phosphopeptide Addition on the Egg Production Performance, Egg Quality, and Eggshell Ultrastructure of Late Laying Hens. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081712. [PMID: 37107507 PMCID: PMC10137583 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary casein phosphopeptide (CPP) supplementation on the egg production performance of late laying hens and the resulting egg quality and eggshell ultrastructure. (2) Methods: A total of 800 laying hens aged 58 weeks were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 8 replicates of 20 hens each. The hens were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control, T1), 0.5 (T2), 1.0 (T3), 1.5 (T4), and 2.0 (T5) g/kg CPP for 9 weeks. (3) Results: Dietary CPP supplementation was found to be beneficial for improving eggshell quality. The spoiled egg rate of the experimental groups was lower than that of the control group (linear and quadratic effect, p < 0.05). The yolk color in the T2, T3, and T4 groups was higher than that in the T1 group (quadratic effect, p < 0.05). The shell thickness in the T4 group was higher than that in the T1 and T2 groups (linear effect, p < 0.05). The shell color in the experimental groups was higher than that in the control group (linear and quadratic effect, p < 0.05). The effective thickness in the T3-T5 groups (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) and the number of papillary nodes in the T2 and T3 groups were higher than those in the T1 group (quadratic, p < 0.05). The calcium content in the T2 and T3 groups was higher than that in the T1 group (quadratic effect, p < 0.05). The iron content in the T2 and T3 groups was higher than that in the T1 group (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusion: In summary, 0.5-1.0 g/kg CPP supplementation reduced the spoiled egg rate, enhanced the yolk and eggshell colors, increased the thickness of the effective layer, and the calcium and iron contents in the eggshell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chenyue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haoshu Shan
- Zhenjiang Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Jiasen Jiang
- Jurong Haoyuan Ecological Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd., Jurong 212400, China
| | - Xiaoli Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Rayan GN, Galal A, Fathi MM, Alawaid S, Shehata W, El-Attar AH. Assessing Differences in the Quality Properties and Ultrastructure of Eggshell as Affected by Chicken Strain and Flock Age During Incubation Period. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- GN Rayan
- King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia; Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | | | - MM Fathi
- Ain Shams University, Egypt; Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alawaid
- King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - W Shehata
- King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
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6
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The role of metal compounds in dynamically regulating alkali infiltration during pickling of preserved eggs. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Ricke SC, Dittoe DK, Olson EG. Microbiome Applications for Laying Hen Performance and Egg Production. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101784. [PMID: 35346495 PMCID: PMC9079347 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of laying hens has undergone considerable changes in the commercial egg industry. Shifting commercial production from cage-based systems to cage-free has impacted the housing environment and created issues not previously encountered. Sources of microorganisms that become established in the early stages of layer chick development may originate from the hen and depend on the microbial ecology of the reproductive tract. Development of the layer hen GIT microbiota appears to occur in stages as the bird matures. Several factors can impact the development of the layer hen GIT, including pathogens, environment, and feed additives such as antibiotics. In this review, the current status of the laying hen GIT microbial consortia and factors that impact the development and function of these respective microbial populations will be discussed, as well as future research directions.
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Kumar M, Dahiya SP, Ratwan P, Sheoran N, Kumar S, Kumar N. Assessment of egg quality and biochemical parameters of Aseel and Kadaknath indigenous chicken breeds of India under backyard poultry farming. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101589. [PMID: 34933223 PMCID: PMC8693008 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg quality parameters are very crucial for the egg industry as egg configuration affects grading, price, hatchability, chick weight, and consumer preference. Current study was undertaken to assess and compare the egg quality parameters in 2 important Indian breeds Aseel and Kadaknath reared under backyard system. Different parameters of external and internal egg quality were measured. Biochemical parameters of egg yolk estimated were egg yolk cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triacylglycerol. Means for external characters of Aseel eggs viz., egg weight, egg length, egg width, shape index, shell weight, shell thickness, and shell ratio were 41.7 g, 5.16 cm, 3.85 cm, 74.75%, 4.65 g, 0.35 mm, and 11.23%, and corresponding values for Kadaknath eggs were 40.59 g, 5.13 cm, 3.79 cm, 74.02%, 4.28 g, 0.34 mm, and 10.61%, respectively. Average albumin length, width, height, and albumin index were 83.73 mm, 65.4 mm, 6.02 mm, and 9.26% for Aseel eggs and 82.27 mm, 64.80 mm, 5.52 mm and 8.52% for Kadaknath eggs, respectively. Mean values for yolk length, width, height and yolk index were 43.32 mm, 40.10 mm, 15.30 mm, and 38.30% in Aseel and 42.15 mm, 38.97 mm, 14.26 mm and 36.66% in Kadaknath breed, respectively. Mean values for egg yolk cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triacylglycerol were estimated as 9.38, 1.74, 0.17, and 1.94 mg/g in Aseel eggs and 8.38, 1.84, 0.11, and 1.76 mg/g in Kadaknath eggs, respectively. Biochemical analysis revealed that egg yolk quality of Kadaknath eggs was comparatively better than Aseel eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Livestock Farm Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India.
| | - S P Dahiya
- Department of Livestock Farm Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Poonam Ratwan
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Nancy Sheoran
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Narender Kumar
- Department of Livestock Farm Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
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9
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Hamilton RMG, Bryden WL. Relationship between egg shell breakage and laying hen housing systems – an overview. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1878480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. M. G. Hamilton
- Bedford, Nova Scotia, Canada (Formerly, Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, Nova Scotia)
| | - W. L. Bryden
- Poultry Science Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
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Ianni A, Bartolini D, Bennato F, Martino G. Egg Quality from Nera Atriana, a Local Poultry Breed of the Abruzzo Region (Italy), and ISA Brown Hens Reared under Free Range Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:257. [PMID: 33498554 PMCID: PMC7909553 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection and diffusion in the poultry sector of hybrid breeds able to produce higher amount of meat and eggs, led over time to the erosion of genetic resources. One of the strategies that can be applied in order to stem such phenomenon, concerns the valorization of the animal products, meat or eggs, obtained from indigenous poultry breeds. Therefore, the aim of this study is to characterize the qualitative aspects of eggs obtained from the Nera Atriana hen, an Italian indigenous laying hen characteristic of the Abruzzo region, making a direct comparison with a commercial hybrid reared in the same environment and applying the same feeding protocol. The trial was conducted for a period of 5 months (from March to July 2019), in which 6 egg samplings were performed (one at the beginning and additional 5 on a monthly basis); each sampling involved the collection of 15 eggs per group of animals for a total of 90 eggs per genotype. Eggs were specifically subjected to evaluations of the physical parameters, including the yolk color, and analyses aimed at determining the content of total lipids, cholesterol, and β-carotene. In addition to this, the fatty acids profile and the electrophoretic pattern of the globular proteins of the yolk were characterized. Eggs from hybrid hens were characterized by higher total weight with significantly higher values specifically associated to albumen and yolk weight and to the albumen percentage. In the eggs obtained from the local hen, higher relative percentages were instead found in the quantity of shell and yolk; furthermore, in the same samples was observed a higher yolk redness, a cholesterol concentration tending to be lower although not significant (p = 0.0521), and a greater amount of saturated fatty acids which could justify a lower susceptibility of the food to oxidative processes following transformation with heat treatments. With regard to the fatty acid composition, differences were specifically observed for palmitic (C16:0) and palmitoleic (C16:1 cis-9) acids that showed higher relative percentages in eggs from local breed, and for the oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9) which was more represented in eggs from commercial hens. In conclusion, some interesting nutritional features, in a preliminary way, have been highlighted that could lead the consumer to prefer these "niche" products over those obtained from commercial hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo (TE), Italy; (A.I.); (D.B.); (F.B.)
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Angelovičová M, Angelovič M, Zeleňáková L. Research of selected physical indicators of table eggs in the small-scale breedings from the aspect of health safety. POTRAVINARSTVO 2020. [DOI: 10.5219/1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate selected indicators of the table eggs in small-scale breedings, focusing mainly on the eggshell and its contamination and damage. Our object of study was eggs, shell, damage, and contamination of table eggs. Four small-scale breedings were randomly selected in Slovakia. These breeds were alternatively with an outdoor free-range. Laying hens Dominant was bred under conditions small-scale breeds No.1, No. 2 and No. 3 in the 1st laying cycle, and No. 4 in the 2nd laying cycle. Egg weight was balanced in three small-scale breedings. Egg weight was significantly higher in the fourth small-scale breeding, statistically significant (p <0.05) compared to egg weight in the studied 3 small-scale breedings. Shell weight and shell thickness in the equatorial plane of the egg were balanced in three small-scale breedings and in the fourth small-scale breedings were significantly higher, statistically significant (p <0.05). The higher egg weight per breeding is related to the higher laying hens age that was in the 2nd laying cycle compared to laying hens 3 small-scale breedings in the 1st laying cycle. Higher eggshell weight in three farms may be related to improved conditions in breeding hygiene, as confirmed by the results of investigations into contamination and damage to table eggs. These differences may also be related to nutrition.
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12
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He Z, Chen X, Shi X, Li X, Li C, Li J, Xu G, Yang N, Zheng J. Acetic acid, vinegar, and citric acid as washing materials for cuticle removal to improve hatching performance of quail eggs. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3865-3876. [PMID: 32731973 PMCID: PMC7597931 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuticle is the outmost layer of the eggshell and may affect the hatchability by modulating eggshell conductance. Three different solutions using acetic acid (AA), vinegar (V), and citric acid (CA) for cuticle removal by egg washing were developed, and the effects of cuticle removal on hatching performance of quail hatching eggs were evaluated. A total of 5,238 fresh quail hatching eggs were randomly divided into 9 treatments as follows: unwashed control, nondipped (CND); washed control, water dipped (CWD); standard control, 0.13% sodium hyperchlorite (CSH); 2% AA (AA2); 4% AA (AA4); 44.4% V (V2); 88.8% V (V4); 2% CA (CA2); and 4% CA (CA4). Overall, AA4, V4, and CA4 treatments significantly improved the hatchability of fertile eggs (95.42%, 94.16% and 95.66%, respectively) (P < 0.05) and the hatchability of CND, CWD, CSH, AA2, V2 and CA2 treatments were 90.98%, 93.00%, 92.27%, 79.44%, 90.37%, and 90.59%, respectively. The eggshell thickness and cuticle quality results showed that all AA, V, and CA solutions can effectively remove the quail eggshell cuticle, and AA4, V4 and CA4 significantly decreased eggshell thickness (P < 0.05). Microbial activity on the eggshell surface in all acid treatments was reduced significantly at day 0 of incubation (P < 0.05) and that significantly decreased than controlled treatments over the incubation period except AA2 treatment. Egg weight loss was lower for all acid treatments than that of the CND treatment (P < 0.05). There was no clear effect of treatments on chick quality. Hatch time in AA4, V4, and CA4 treatments slightly improved compared with controlled treatments (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between treatments for chick livability and live weight at the first 21 D of life. Results of the present study indicate that cuticle removal with AA4, V4, or CA4 could effectively decrease the microbial activity on the eggshell surface during the incubation period and improve hatchability of quail hatching eggs without negative effects on hatch time and performance of quail chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xia Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianyu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengfeng Li
- Hu Bei Shendan Healthy Food Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430206, Hubei Province, China
| | - Junying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Di Rosa AR, Chiofalo B, Lo Presti V, Chiofalo V, Liotta L. Egg Quality from Siciliana and Livorno Italian Autochthonous Chicken Breeds Reared in Organic System. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E864. [PMID: 32429459 PMCID: PMC7278417 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In poultry production, the intensive use of high-performing hybrid animals led to loss of genetic variability and a consequent lower response to climatic change and disease. Poultry biodiversity is seriously threatened, and its safeguard is a strong objective in developed countries. According to the FAO, which emphasized the importance of native breeds for its country of origin, the aim of this study was to present the first contribution on eggs quality for endangered the Siciliana chicken breed and deepen knowledge on the local Livorno breed. At 20 weeks of age, 108 laying hens (54 Siciliana breed and 54 Livorno breed) were divided into six homogeneous groups of 18 hens each and reared according to requirements imposed by the EC Regulation 889/08 for organic production. The production cycle was controlled over one year, and egg production was recorded daily by group. Eggs were collected, weighted, and measured. Physico-chemical parameter and fatty acids profile were analyzed and nutritional indexes calculated. The statistical model included the effects of breed (Siciliana, Livorno). Egg production was 190 egg/head for Siciliana and 180 for Livorno group. The results showed similar values for Siciliana and Livorno egg quality, highlighting several valuable quality traits from these breeds which might be taken into account for conservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra R. Di Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (B.C.); (V.L.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Biagina Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (B.C.); (V.L.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Vittorio Lo Presti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (B.C.); (V.L.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Chiofalo
- Consortium Research of Meat and Agrifood, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (B.C.); (V.L.P.); (L.L.)
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang X, Sun L, Rajput SA, Qi D. The paradoxical effects of progesterone on the eggshell quality of laying hens. J Struct Biol 2020; 209:107430. [PMID: 31783140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.107430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the effects of progesterone on eggshell quality and ultrastructure by injecting progesterone into laying hens 2 and 5 h post-oviposition, respectively. Progesterone injected 2 h post-oviposition (P4-2 h) improved eggshell quality with a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the thickness of the mammillary layer and a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the thickness of the effective layer in the eggshell ultrastructure compared to the control. Progesterone injected 5 h post-oviposition (P4-5 h) damaged the eggshell quality by significantly reducing (P < 0.01) the effective layer thickness. Progesterone injected delayed obviously (P < 0.01) the following oviposition. Moreover, the concentrations of Thr, Cys, Leu, Lys, and His in the eggshell membranes were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the P4-2 h treated hens whereas Val and Lys were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in P4-5 h treated hens compared to the control. Therefore, progesterone shows paradoxical effects on eggshell quality depending on the injection time-points post-oviposition, which could explain the contradictions in previous related reports. P4 injected affected the content of amino acids in eggshell membranes, especially lysine which contributed to eggshell quality. In addition, P4 injected 2 h after oviposition improved eggshell quality by promoting the premature fusion of mammillary knobs. This work contributed to a novel insight to understanding the mechanism of improving eggshell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacai Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Lvhui Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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15
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Nasri H, van den Brand H, Najjar T, Bouzouaia M. Egg storage and breeder age impact on egg quality and embryo development. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:257-268. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hedia Nasri
- Department of Animal Production National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia Tunis Tunisia
| | - Henry van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Taha Najjar
- Department of Animal Production National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia Tunis Tunisia
| | - Moncef Bouzouaia
- Department of Animal Production National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia Tunis Tunisia
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16
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17
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Fathi MM, Galal A, Ali UM, Abou-Emera OK. Physical and mechanical properties of eggshell as affected by chicken breed and flock age. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:506-512. [PMID: 31116022 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1621992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. A study was conducted to evaluate the relationship among physical and mechanical properties of the eggshell, as affected by breed and hen's age. 2. Data on eggshell quality (external characteristics and derived measurements) were obtained from 322 laying hens, from three breeds (Fayoumi, Dandarawi and Hy-Line Brown) during the laying cycle, starting from 38 wks of age for four experimental periods (38, 46, 54 and 62 wks). 3. Eggs obtained from the Fayoumi breed exhibited the highest shell thickness and breaking force. There was a linear improvement in eggshell quality attributes associated with hen's age up to 54 wks, thereafter a deterioration was found for all breeds. 4. Generally, eggs laid by native breeds (Fayoumi and Dandarawi) had better mechanical properties compared to those produced by the commercial strain (Hy-Line Brown). In addition, the interaction between breed and hen's age was not significant for any physical property or mechanical attribute. There was a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) positive correlation between the breaking force and either eggshell toughness or shell thickness, and regression analyses suggested that eggshell toughness was the best predictor for breaking force, followed by shell thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Fathi
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University , Al-Qassim , Saudi Arabia.,Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - A Galal
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - U M Ali
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - O K Abou-Emera
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University , Al-Qassim , Saudi Arabia.,Department of Poultry Breeding, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Dokki , Giza , Egypt
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18
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González Ariza A, Navas González FJ, Arando Arbulu A, León Jurado JM, Barba Capote CJ, Camacho Vallejo ME. Non-Parametrical Canonical Analysis of Quality-Related Characteristics of Eggs of Different Varieties of Native Hens Compared to Laying Lineage. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040153. [PMID: 30970531 PMCID: PMC6523069 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The development of new more productive lines of laying hens has displaced native breeds to second place; therefore, new lines of research that ensure the conservation of local breeds and biodiversity are increasingly necessary. The aim of the present study is to characterize the productive capability of Utrerana and to compare the relationships among parameters determining the internal and external quality of the egg, through canonical correlation analysis. We used a flock of 68 Utrerana hens with animals of each of its four varieties (white, black, Franciscan and partridge), and a group of 17 Leghorn hens as a control group. The breed and variety significantly affected egg characteristics. The external and internal quality parameters of the egg were evaluated and reported results providing consistent data for the characterization of the products from this breed. This productive characterization could benefit the conservation of the Utrerana breed, the establishment of livestock models that adapt to it and the search for a market in which this product could be used. Abstract The aim of the present study is to characterize the productive capability of Utrerana and to compare the relationships among parameters determining the internal and external quality of the egg, through canonical correlation analysis. A flock of 68 Utrerana hens and a control group of Leghorn hens (n = 17) were housed individually to allow individual identification of eggs and for the assessment of egg quality characteristics. Almost all variables showed differences when both breeds were compared, except for white height, yolk diameter, yolkL* and yolk pH (p > 0.05). Only minor diameter, white height, yolkL*, yolka*, and shell weight reported significant differences between laying age groups. White height, yolk color, and almost all yolk color coordinates were significantly different (p < 0.05) for period and month. Egg and white weight reached highest significantly different levels for the fourth and fifth time that the hens laid an egg. External quality-related traits are better predictors of internal quality-related traits than vice versa, enabling the implementation of an effective noninvasive method for internal quality determination and egg classification aimed at suiting the needs of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González Ariza
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | | | - Ander Arando Arbulu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - José Manuel León Jurado
- Centro Agropecuario Provincial de Córdoba, Diputación Provincial de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Cecilio José Barba Capote
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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19
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Blanco AE, Cavero D, Icken W, Voss M, Schmutz M, Preisinger R, Sharifi AR. Genetic approach to select against embryo mortality caused by Enterococcus faecalis infection in laying hens. Poult Sci 2019; 97:4177-4186. [PMID: 30107571 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection to reduce susceptibility to Enterococcus faecalis infection in laying hens may contribute to the prevention of amyloid arthropathy since it is mainly induced by this bacterium. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility to select more laying hens that are resistant against E. faecalis infection through the embryo lethality assay (ELA), which is proposed as an alternative model to replace the adult avian challenge assay. Ten-day-old embryos of 500 Lohmann Brown layers were inoculated into the allantoic cavity with an infectious dose of 2.5 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL of the avian E. faecalis strain K923/96 in 3 ELAs. The embryonic mortality rate (EMR) was determined by candling the eggs daily over a period of 4 d. The average EMR estimated during the 3 ELAs was 50% and the highest EMR occurred 3 to 4 d post inoculation. The estimated heritability for embryonic survivability to the infection was h2 = 0.12-0.14, calculated with the logistic and probit link function, respectively, indicating that the selection of more laying hens that are resistant to E. faecalis infection is feasible. A highly negative genetic correlation was estimated between embryonic survivability and laying performance at the peak of lay (rg = -0.22) and at the end of the production (rg = -0.65), as well as with breaking strength (rg = -0.30 to -0.37). A positive correlation was found between egg weight and the embryonic survivability (rg = +0.16), and no genetic correlation was found with body weight and dynamic stiffness. Therefore, although it was demonstrated that it is possible to breed for E. faecalis resistance, special care should be taken to monitor and to take all traits and their genetic correlations into account in order to achieve a balanced genetic progress. Besides, the ELA does not require that the hens are exposed to pathogens thereby saving labor and cost. Therefore, it could be feasible that ELA be implemented in selection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Blanco
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany.,Departamento de Producción Animal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Cavero
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - W Icken
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - M Voss
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - M Schmutz
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
| | | | - A R Sharifi
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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20
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Montenegro AT, Garcia EA, Molino AB, Cruvinel JM, Ouros CC, Alves KS. METHODS TO EVALUATE THE EGGSHELL QUALITY OF TABLE EGGS. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - CC Ouros
- São Paulo State University, Brazil
| | - KS Alves
- São Paulo State University, Brazil
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21
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Ahmad S, Mahmud A, Hussain J, Javed K. Productive Performance, Egg Characteristics and Hatching Traits of Three Chicken Genotypes under Free-Range, Semi-Intensive, and Intensive Housing Systems. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Mahmud
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - J Hussain
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - K Javed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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22
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Batool T, Farooq S, Roohi N, Mahmud A, Ghayas A, Ahmad S, Usman M. Subsequent Effect of Lysine Regimens on Egg Characteristics of Native Aseel Chicken. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N Roohi
- University of Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Mahmud
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Ghayas
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M Usman
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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23
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Kibala L, Rozempolska-Rucinska I, Kasperek K, Zieba G, Lukaszewicz M. Eggshell Qualities as Indicative of Eggshell Strength for Layer Selection. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Kibala
- Centre for Nucleus Breeding MESSA Ltd, Poland
| | | | - K Kasperek
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
| | - G Zieba
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
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24
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Rehman M, Mahmud A, Mehmood S, Pasha T, Hussain J, Khan M. Comparative evaluation of egg morphometry and quality in Aseel hens under different rearing systems. J APPL POULTRY RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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25
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Ketta M, Tůmová E. Relationship between eggshell thickness and other eggshell measurements in eggs from litter and cages. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1344935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ketta
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tůmová
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
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26
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Wolc A, Arango J, Settar P, O'Sullivan NP, Dekkers JCM. Repeatability vs. multiple-trait models to evaluate shell dynamic stiffness for layer chickens. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:9-15. [PMID: 28177371 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Shell quality is one of the most important traits for improvement in layer chickens. Proper consideration of repeated records can increase the accuracy of estimated breeding values and thus genetic improvement of shell quality. The objective of this study was to compare different models for genetic evaluation of the collected data. For this study, 81,646 dynamic stiffness records on 21,321 brown egg layers and 93,748 records on 24,678 white egg layers from 4 generations were analyzed. Across generations, data were collected at 2 to 4 ages (at approximately 26, 42, 65, and 86 wk), with repeated records at each age. Seven models were compared, including 5 repeatability models with increasing complexity, a random regression model, and a multitrait model. The models were compared using Akaike Information Criteria with significance testing of nested models with a Log Likelihood Ratio test. Estimates of heritability were 0.31-0.36 for the brown line and 0.23-0.26 for the white line, but repeatability was higher for the model with age-specific permanent environment effects (0.59 for both lines) than for the model with an overall permanent environmental effects (0.47 for the brown and 0.41 for the white line). The model that allowed for permanent environmental effect within age and heterogeneous residual variance between ages resulted in improved fit compared to the traditional model that fits single permanent environment and residual effects, but was inferior in fit and predictive ability to the full multiple-trait model. The random regression model had better fit to the data than repeatability models but slightly worse than the multiple-trait model. For traits with repeated records at different ages, repeatability within and across ages as well as genetic correlations should be considered while choosing the number of records collected per individual as well as the model for genetic evaluation.
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Arango J, Wolc A, Settar P, O'Sullivan N. Model comparison to evaluate a shell quality bio-complex in layer hens. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2520-2527. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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28
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Gervais O, Nirasawa K, Vincenot CE, Nagamine Y, Moriya K. Effect of Long-Term Selection for Non-Destructive Deformation on Egg Shape in White Leghorns. J Poult Sci 2016; 53:249-256. [PMID: 32908391 PMCID: PMC7477170 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0160014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Several conventional traits, including eggshell thickness, are commonly being improved genetically as a means to increase eggshell strength. At the same time, researchers have come to recognize that factors related to egg geometry, such as egg shape, are important determinants of the variability remaining in eggshell strength, after conventional traits have been considered. Therefore, given that the value of the egg shape index -the egg's width to length ratio-depends highly on the hen strain, it is necessary to examine the relationship between eggshell strength and shape index more closely in a variety of breeds. From this perspective, by using REML methodology under a five-trait animal model, we analyzed a two-way selection experiment for non-destructive eggshell deformation in 31 generations of White Leghorns, to evaluate the effect of selection for eggshell strength on egg shape. In the strong line, which refers to the line that was selected for decreased non-destructive deformation value, the genetic correlation between eggshell breaking strength and shape index was 0.285±0.055, whereas that between non-destructive deformation and shape index was -0.021±0.063. In the weak line, these values were 0.244±0.055 and -0.093±0.060, respectively. The heritability estimates were 0.381±0.033 for non-destructive deformation, 0.349±0.029 for eggshell breaking strength, and 0.544 ±0.027 for shape index in the strong line, and 0.408±0.031, 0.468±0.032, and 0.484±0.028, respectively, in the weak line. The genetic correlation between eggshell breaking strength and shape index suggests that rounder eggs are somewhat more resistant to breakage than more elongated eggs. The moderately high heritability estimates for shape index indicate the potential to improve egg shape through genetic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Gervais
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Informatics, 36-1 Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keijiro Nirasawa
- NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Christian E. Vincenot
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Informatics, 36-1 Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagamine
- Nihon University, College of Bio-resource Sciences, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Moriya
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Informatics, 36-1 Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Fathi MM, El-Dlebshany AE, El-Deen MB, Radwan LM, Rayan GN. Effect of long-term selection for egg production on eggshell quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Poult Sci 2016; 95:2570-2575. [PMID: 27389061 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate egg quality and ultrastuctural measurements of eggshell using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) in 2 lines (selected and control) of Japanese quail. A selection program was applied over 22 consecutive generations for higher egg production and lower broken egg percentage. The results revealed that the females of the selected line produced significantly (P < 0.01) higher egg mass compared to that of the control line. Also, the selection procedure significantly improved feed conversion ratio. The eggshells of the selected line had a higher breaking strength compared to those of the control line, although there was no difference between them in shell thickness. Significantly higher wet (P < 0.01) and dry (P < 0.05) eggshell percentages were found in the selected line. In general, the eggshells of the selected line had a lower total score (good) of ultrastructural evaluation compared to the control line. According to scanning electron microscope data, the incidence of certain structural variants was more common in eggshells of the control line suggesting poor shell strength. The incidence of alignment was more prevalent in control eggshells compared to selected ones, suggesting lower resistance to breakage. Late fusion and large interstitial spaces of the palisade layer indicating decreased resistance to fracture were observed in control eggshells. It could be concluded that the improvement eggshell quality may be caused by the long-term selection for lower cracked and broken egg rates from generation to generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Fathi
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A E El-Dlebshany
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatby, Alex., Egypt
| | - M Bahie El-Deen
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatby, Alex., Egypt
| | - L M Radwan
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, Egypt
| | - G N Rayan
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Cairo, Egypt
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Khawaja T, Khan SH, Mukhtar N, Parveen A, Fareed G. Production Performance, Egg Quality and Biochemical Parameters of Three Way Crossbred Chickens with Reciprocal F1Crossbred Chickens in Sub-Tropical Environment. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2013.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Xie C, He Y. External characteristic determination of eggs and cracked eggs identification using spectral signature. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21130. [PMID: 26882990 PMCID: PMC4756659 DOI: 10.1038/srep21130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to use hyperspectral imaging technique for determining color (L*, a* and b*) and eggshell strength and identifying cracked chicken eggs. Partial least squares (PLS) models based on full and selected wavelengths suggested by regression coefficient (RC) method were established to predict the four parameters, respectively. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and RC-partial least squares-discriminant analysis (RC-PLS-DA) models were applied to identify cracked eggs. PLS models performed well with the correlation coefficient (rp) of 0.788 for L*, 0.810 for a*, 0.766 for b* and 0.835 for eggshell strength. RC-PLS models also obtained the rp of 0.771 for L*, 0.806 for a*, 0.767 for b* and 0.841 for eggshell strength. The classification results were 97.06% in PLS-DA model and 88.24% in RC-PLS-DA model. It demonstrated that hyperspectral imaging technique has the potential to be used to detect color and eggshell strength values and identify cracked chicken eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Radwan LM. Eggshell quality: a comparison between Fayoumi, Gimieizah and Brown Hy-Line strains for mechanical properties and ultrastructure of their eggshells. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to study the relationship between mechanical properties and ultrastructure of three genetic groups (Fayoumi, Gimieizah and Brown Hy-Line strains). To assess eggshell mechanical parameters a total of 120 eggs from each strain was used. This study suggested predicting the mechanical properties and ultrastructure of eggshells when egg weight was equal for the three strains (39.8 g). There was a significant difference among strains for shell thickness, eggshell breaking strength and stiffness, with the Fayoumi eggshells recording the highest values compared with other strains. The palisade layer of Gimieizah and Brown Hy-Line eggshells was thinner than that of Fayoumi eggshells. There were significant correlations between palisade length and breaking strength (0.51), shell thickness (0.89) and stiffness (0.48); however, the length of the palisade layer was significantly negatively correlated with elasticity (–0.85). The Fayoumi (local Egyptian strain) showed higher resistance for eggshell breakage than the Hy-Line commercial strain due to their longer palisade layer noting that there were no significant differences in egg weight between the two. The length of the palisade layer plays an important role in eggshell strength, so it is of interest to include these parameters in selection programs aimed to improve eggshell strength. However, a negative correlation between length of palisade layer and elasticity prevented improvement of these two parameters.
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Blanco A, Icken W, Ould-Ali D, Cavero D, Schmutz M. Genetic parameters of egg quality traits on different pedigree layers with special focus on dynamic stiffness. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2457-63. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-04132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lotfi E, Zerehdaran S, Raoufi Z. Genetic properties of egg quality traits and their correlations with performance traits in Japanese quail. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:585-91. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.723197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rayan G, Galal A, Fathi M, El-Attar A. Impact of Layer Breeder Flock Age and Strain on Mechanical and Ultrastructural Properties of Eggshell in Chicken. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2010.139.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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M. Radwan L, Fathi M, Galal A, El-Dein AZ. Mechanical and Ultrastructural Properties of Eggshell in Two Egyptian Native Breeds of Chicken. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2010.77.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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De Reu K, Rodenburg T, Grijspeerdt K, Messens W, Heyndrickx M, Tuyttens F, Sonck B, Zoons J, Herman L. Bacteriological contamination, dirt, and cracks of eggshells in furnished cages and noncage systems for laying hens: An international on-farm comparison. Poult Sci 2009; 88:2442-8. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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ERENER G, OCAK N, GARIPOGLU AV, OZTURK E. Sprinkling coarse marble powder during the afternoon, toward the end of the laying period, may increase eggshell quality. Anim Sci J 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2008.00537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Messens W, Grijspeerdt K, De Reu K, De Ketelaere B, Mertens K, Bamelis F, Kemps B, De Baerdemaeker J, Decuypere E, Herman L. Eggshell penetration of various types of hens' eggs by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. J Food Prot 2007; 70:623-8. [PMID: 17388050 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.3.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Egg weight, shell thickness, number of pores, cuticle deposition, eggshell strength (dynamic stiffness and damping ratio), and the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) to penetrate the eggshell were determined. Penetration was assessed by filling the eggs with a selective medium that allowed viewing of Salmonella growth on the inside of the shell and membrane complex. After inoculation of each shell with on average 2.71 log CFU, the eggs were stored for up to 14 days at 20 degrees C and 60% relative humidity. Commercially available eggs were used. At 14 days of storage, only 6.0% of the eggs from free-range hens and 16.0% of the generic (i.e., eggs from hens in conventional battery cages that were given standard feed) white eggs were penetrated. The generic brown, organic, and omega-3-enriched eggs were penetrated at a frequency of 30 to 34%. In a second experiment it was shown that the layer strains of the hen (ISA-Brown Warren versus Bovans Goldline), which were kept in furnished cages, did not affect eggshell penetration by SE. For Bovans Goldline hens, the housing system (furnished cage versus aviary) did not affect penetration, while a trend was visible toward a higher fraction of penetrated eggshells when hens were fed corncob mix rather than standard feed. Eggshell penetration was observed more frequently in the absence of cuticle spots and for eggs having lower dynamic stiffness values. Shell contamination at the end of storage was highly correlated with SE penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winy Messens
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, B-9090 Melle, Belgium.
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