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Mentzer AJ, Brenner N, Allen N, Littlejohns TJ, Chong AY, Cortes A, Almond R, Hill M, Sheard S, McVean G, Collins R, Hill AVS, Waterboer T. Identification of host-pathogen-disease relationships using a scalable multiplex serology platform in UK Biobank. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1818. [PMID: 35383168 PMCID: PMC8983701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain infectious agents are recognised causes of cancer and other chronic diseases. To understand the pathological mechanisms underlying such relationships, here we design a Multiplex Serology platform to measure quantitative antibody responses against 45 antigens from 20 infectious agents including human herpes, hepatitis, polyoma, papilloma, and retroviruses, as well as Chlamydia trachomatis, Helicobacter pylori and Toxoplasma gondii, then assayed a random subset of 9695 UK Biobank participants. We find seroprevalence estimates consistent with those expected from prior literature and confirm multiple associations of antibody responses with sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., lifetime sexual partners with C. trachomatis), HLA genetic variants (rs6927022 with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBNA1 antibodies) and disease outcomes (human papillomavirus-16 seropositivity with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and EBV responses with multiple sclerosis). Our accessible dataset is one of the largest incorporating diverse infectious agents in a prospective UK cohort offering opportunities to improve our understanding of host-pathogen-disease relationships with significant clinical and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Mentzer
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Brenner
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Naomi Allen
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.421945.f0000 0004 0396 0496UK Biobank, Stockport, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas J. Littlejohns
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amanda Y. Chong
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian Cortes
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachael Almond
- grid.421945.f0000 0004 0396 0496UK Biobank, Stockport, UK
| | - Michael Hill
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948MRC-Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Sheard
- grid.421945.f0000 0004 0396 0496UK Biobank, Stockport, UK
| | - Gil McVean
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Rory Collins
- grid.421945.f0000 0004 0396 0496UK Biobank, Stockport, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian V. S. Hill
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Barnes AN, Davaasuren A, Baasandagva U, Gray GC. A systematic review of zoonotic enteric parasitic diseases among nomadic and pastoral people. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188809. [PMID: 29190664 PMCID: PMC5708844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Zoonotic enteric parasites are ubiquitous and remain a public health threat to humans due to our close relationship with domestic animals and wildlife, inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene practices and diet. While most communities are now sedentary, nomadic and pastoral populations still exist and experience unique exposure risks for acquiring zoonotic enteric parasites. Through this systematic review we sought to summarize published research regarding pathogens present in nomadic populations and to identify the risk factors for their infection. Methods Using systematic review guidelines set forth by PRISMA, research articles were identified, screened and summarized based on exclusion criteria for the documented presence of zoonotic enteric parasites within nomadic or pastoral human populations. A total of 54 articles published between 1956 and 2016 were reviewed to determine the pathogens and exposure risks associated with the global transhumance lifestyle. Results The included articles reported more than twenty different zoonotic enteric parasite species and illustrated several risk factors for nomadic and pastoralist populations to acquire infection including; a) animal contact, b) food preparation and diet, and c) household characteristics. The most common parasite studied was Echinococcosis spp. and contact with dogs was recognized as a leading risk factor for zoonotic enteric parasites followed by contact with livestock and/or wildlife, water, sanitation, and hygiene barriers, home slaughter of animals, environmental water exposures, household member age and sex, and consumption of unwashed produce or raw, unprocessed, or undercooked milk or meat. Conclusion Nomadic and pastoral communities are at risk of infection with a variety of zoonotic enteric parasites due to their living environment, cultural and dietary traditions, and close relationship to animals. Global health efforts aimed at reducing the transmission of these animal-to-human pathogens must incorporate a One Health approach to support water, sanitation, and hygiene development, provide education on safe food handling and preparation, and improve the health of domestic animals associated with these groups, particularly dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N. Barnes
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anu Davaasuren
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- National Center for Communicable Disease, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Uyanga Baasandagva
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- National Center for Zoonotic Disease, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Gregory C. Gray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Burrells A, Opsteegh M, Pollock KG, Alexander CL, Chatterton J, Evans R, Walker R, McKenzie CA, Hill D, Innes EA, Katzer F. The prevalence and genotypic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii from individuals in Scotland, 2006-2012. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:324. [PMID: 27267112 PMCID: PMC4895884 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contemporary information relating to the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in humans is lacking for the UK population, with even less information available about the human prevalence of the parasite in Scotland. To address this, two different study groups were used to determine the prevalence and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in the Scottish population. METHODS The first study group included serum samples from blood donors (n = 3273) over a four-year period (2006-2009) and the second study group comprised of DNA samples extracted from human brains (n = 151) over a five-year period (2008-2012). A T. gondii IgG ELISA was performed to determine seroprevalence and available sera from individuals who had seroconverted were tested by TgERP ELISA (sporozoite specific antigen). Human brain DNA was tested for T. gondii by ITS1 PCR and positives genotyped at the SAG3 and GRA6 loci by PCR-RFLP analysis. RESULTS Seroprevalence to T. gondii from blood donors was found to be 13.2 % (95 % CI: 11.5-15.1 %). Evidence of seroconversion (n = 2) as well as reversion to sero-negative status (n = 6) was evident from blood donors who had donated within all four collection periods (n = 184). The TgERP ELISA (indicating oocyst infection) was positive for one individual. The molecular detection of T. gondii DNA from human brains indicated a prevalence of 17.9 % (95 % CI: 12.1-24.9 %), with genotyping identifying alleles for types I and III. An increase in age was associated with an increase in detection of the parasite within both study groups. CONCLUSIONS Our research provides current figures for the prevalence of T. gondii in Scotland and also shows evidence of seroreversion within the cohort of blood donors. In both study groups there was a correlation between increasing age and an increase in T. gondii prevalence, indicating that acquired infection plays an important role within the Scottish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Burrells
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland
| | - Marieke Opsteegh
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin G Pollock
- Health Protection Scotland, National Services Scotland, Meridian Court, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Claire L Alexander
- Scottish Parasite Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Jean Chatterton
- Scottish Toxoplasma Reference Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Roger Evans
- Scottish Toxoplasma Reference Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, Scotland
| | - Robert Walker
- Quintiles, Almondvale Way, Livingston, West Lothian, Scotland
| | - Chris-Anne McKenzie
- Sudden Death Brain Bank, Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) Wilkie Building Teviot Place, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Dolores Hill
- USDA ARS, Northeast Area, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Innes
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland
| | - Frank Katzer
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland.
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Alvarado-Esquivel C, Campillo-Ruiz F, Liesenfeld O. Seroepidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in migrant agricultural workers living in poverty in Durango, Mexico. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:113. [PMID: 23601076 PMCID: PMC3637134 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrant agricultural workers are a group of people living in poverty with poor housing, sanitary conditions and hygiene practices. Little is known about the epidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in migrant agricultural workers. METHODS We investigated the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies in 173 migrant workers hired for seasonal agricultural work in Durango State in northern Mexico using enzyme-linked immunoassays. RESULTS Of the 173 migrant workers (mean age 34.82 ± 14.01 years), 50 (28.9%) had anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and 36 (20.8%) had anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies. Seroprevalence was not influenced by gender, age, birth place, or educational level. In contrast, seroprevalence was significantly higher in workers residing in rural areas than those in urban or suburban areas. Migrant workers suffering from memory impairment, dizziness, or syncope had significantly higher seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies than those without such clinical features. Logistic regression analysis showed that T. gondii exposure was positively associated with consumption of unwashed raw vegetables (OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.06-5.35; P = 0.03) and low frequency of eating out of home (OR = 3.87; 95% CI: 1.43-10.42; P = 0.007), and negatively associated with national trips (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13-0.65; P = 0.003) and consumption of raw milk (OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.18-0.87; P = 0.02). Other behavioral characteristics including consumption of meat or untreated water were not associated with T. gondii infection. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of T. gondii infection in internal migrant agricultural workers living in poverty. Results deserve further investigation of causal relations between clinical symptoms and infection, and may be useful for optimal planning of preventive measures.
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Salahi-Moghaddam A, Hafizi A. A serological study on Toxoplasma gondii infection among people in south of Tehran, Iran. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2009; 47:61-3. [PMID: 19290094 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2009.47.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although Toxoplasma gondii infection generally shows subclinical courses in adults, it may have severe pathologic effects on the fetus. For a survey of toxoplasmosis in Shahr-e-Rey area, south of Tehran, Iran, we conducted a serological study on 1,187 general populations using indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. In this cross sectional study, cases were selected randomly by a local primary health care (PHC) system. Blood samples were collected in microcapillary tubes and sera were examined by IFA after centrifugation. It has been shown that 68.3% of cases in all age groups had IFA titer of 1 : 10 and higher, which we consider as positive cases, and the rate for 1 : 400 or over was 30.2%. There was meaningful correlation between anti-Toxoplasma antibody titers and age, sex, and occupation of subjected people (P < 0.05%). The incidence was higher in females and highest in the children age group (10-14 years old). The present study demonstrates high prevalence of Toxoplasma infection among the people in south of Tehran, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoreza Salahi-Moghaddam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS), Bandar, Abbas, Iran.
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Welton NJ, Ades AE. A model of toxoplasmosis incidence in the UK: evidence synthesis and consistency of evidence. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9876.2005.00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Al-Qurashi AR. Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in paired samples from pregnant women and cord blood: a hospital-based study. Ann Saudi Med 2000; 20:336-8. [PMID: 17322698 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2000.336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bobić B, Jevremović I, Marinković J, Sibalić D, Djurković-Djaković O. Risk factors for Toxoplasma infection in a reproductive age female population in the area of Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Eur J Epidemiol 1998; 14:605-10. [PMID: 9794128 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007461225944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The contribution to Toxoplasma infection of known transmission risk factors such as consumption of undercooked meat, contact with soil, and contact with cats, as well as that of age, degree of education, residence in central vs. suburban city communities, and year of entry into the study, has been investigated in a group of 1157 female residents (age range 15 to 45 years) of a defined geographic area (Belgrade) during a 4-years period (1988-1991). The rate of infection increased with age, ranging from 57% to 93%, with an overall mean of 77%. However, it decreased significantly over the study period (p < 0.01). Of the potential risk factors examined, regression analysis showed that the following: age (relative risk (RR): 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.37, p = 0.022), undercooked meat consumption (RR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.2-2.86, p = 0.001), and the year of entry into the study (RR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.6-0.8, p = 0.000) were significantly associated with infection. However, while the consumption of undercooked meat contributed to the frequency of infection in the whole group, its significance increased with the degree of education but decreased with age, and was greater in women residing in the suburbs. In addition, in women below age 20, exposure to soil (farming, gardening) was significantly associated with infection (RR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.12-1.97, p = 0.037). Since cats are the single source of toxoplasma oocysts, the above finding indicates that cats are an epidemiologically significant source of environmental contamination in Belgrade. However, cat ownership itself as a criterion of contact with cats was not associated with infection (p = 0.326). In the absence of a general screening in pregnancy program in Yugoslavia, these data point out the groups of pregnant women at the highest risk of infection and provide a basis for a region-appropriate educational program to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bobić
- Toxoplasmosis Research Laboratory, Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
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9
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Dar FK, Alkarmi T, Uduman S, Abdulrazzaq Y, Grundsell H, Hughes P. Gestational and neonatal toxoplasmosis: regional seroprevalence in the United Arab Emirates. Eur J Epidemiol 1997; 13:567-71. [PMID: 9258570 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007392703037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Paired maternal/cord blood samples were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgG or IgM antibodies using Biomerieux Micro-EIA2 IgG and IgM test kits. Of the 1503 women tested at the time of delivery, 344 (22.9%) were IgG seropositive. Three hundred and one maternal sera, including 265 that were IgG positive, were tested for IgM antibodies: 47 were found positive, indicating a gestational toxoplasmosis incidence of 31 per 1000 pregnancies over one year. All but one of the IgM positive maternal sera had tested IgG positive. Cord blood IgG seropositivity was similar to the maternal rate but 18 of the 301 babies had significant levels of anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies. As these 18 babies were all born to mothers also positive for IgM antibodies, the calculated rate of transplacental transmission was 38.3% with the estimated prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis of 12 per 1000 live births. There was no statistically significant positive correlation between maternal seroprevalence and such well-known risk factors as consumption of raw meat and milk, or proximity of cats and other animals. One baby was born with the classical stigmata of congenital toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Dar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Contreras M, Schenone H, Salinas P, Sandoval L, Rojas A, Villarroel F, Solis F. Seroepidemiology of human toxoplasmosis in Chile. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1996; 38:431-5. [PMID: 9293090 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651996000600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of already published and unpublished seroepidemiological surveys for toxoplasmosis, carried out in Chile in 1982-1994, is reviewed, expanded and analyzed. The surveys included 76,317 apparently healthy individuals of different ages (0.57% of the country's total population), from 309 urban and rural-periurban localities. Urban groups were integrated by blood donors, delivering mothers and middle grade schoolchildren, while rural-periurban individuals corresponded to unselected family groups. Blood samples were collected in filter paper. The presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was determined by the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT), titers > or = 16 were considered positive. The test resulted positive in 28,124 (36.9%) of the surveyed people. Two hundred and six (0.3%) individuals presented IHAT titers > or = 1000, probably corresponding to acute or reactivated infections. A progressive increase of positive IHAT from northern to southern regions of the country was noted, phenomenon probably related to geographical conditions and to a higher production and consumption of different types of meat in the latter regions. It is postulated that ingestion of T gondii cysts by humans is epidemiologically as important as ingestion of oocysts. The result presented stress the epidemiological importance of toxoplasmosis in humans, and warn about eventual implications in immunocompromised patients and in transplacental transmission, organ transplants and transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Contreras
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Martinez Sanchez R, Bacallao Gordo R, Alberti Amador E, Alfonso Berrio L. Prevalencia de infección toxoplásmica en gestantes de la Provincia la Habana. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1994. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651994000500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Se realizó un estudio seroepidemiológico de Toxoplasma gondii en cuatro Municípios de la Provincia La Habana en el periodo comprendido entre el mes de Octubre de 1990 y Abril de 1991, utilizando una técnica de ultramicro ELISA de 10 µL. Se examinaron un total de 362 muestras de mujeres embarazadas y se obtuvo una prevalencia de infección de 71,0%. La infección toxoplásmica fue más frecuente en las embarazadas que residían en zona rural y convivian con gatos. Se estudió la relación entre la infección toxoplásmica y el antecedente de abortos espontáneos sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas.
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Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Most of the toxoplasma infections are asymptomatic or benign, but may cause severe or fatal consequences in immunodeficient patients, transplant recipients, and in the fetus. Transmission may occur by eating uncooked meat, contaminated vegetables, blood transfusion, organ transplantation, and across the placenta from the mother to the fetus. Antibodies to T. gondii may persist in the serum at high titers for years. We screened 784 Saudi blood donors using indirect hemagglutination test and 294 (37.5%) were found to be seropositive at different titers. The highest rate of seropositivity was found in the age group 21 to 30 years in males, and after 40 years of age, the presence of antibodies declined. Among females, the higher rate of seropositivity in the age group 18 to 20 years should be confirmed by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yaneza
- Department of Microbiology, Al-Hofuf, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Dixon BR. Prevalence and control of toxoplasmosis — a Canadian perspective. Food Control 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0956-7135(92)90034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Matsubara S, Takamori M, Adachi H, Kida H. Acute toxoplasma myositis: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Acta Neuropathol 1990; 81:223-7. [PMID: 2082660 DOI: 10.1007/bf00334513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence is reported of acute myositis in a man with meningoencephalitis due to toxoplasmosis. The ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry of a muscle biopsy of the patient were investigated. Toxoplasma organisms were not found in the muscle biopsy. The perivascular inflammatory cells in the muscle were mainly CD4+ T cells and the inflammatory cells in and around the muscle fibres were chiefly macrophages. Expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens was observed in the infiltrating cells and endothelial cells of the blood vessels. A small proportion of the infiltrating cells expressed interferon-gamma. A possible role of the immune mechanism in the evolution of myositis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
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Jackson MH, Hutchison WM. The prevalence and source of Toxoplasma infection in the environment. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 1989; 28:55-105. [PMID: 2683617 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M H Jackson
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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