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Sierra MA, Ortiz E. Feasibility and effect of a self-help online acceptance and commitment therapy program focused on repetitive negative thinking for Colombian young women. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Abstract
Technological advances in robotics over the last 20 years have allowed us to explore the use of robots in different healthcare contexts, in which robots can be deployed as tools for intervention and rehabilitation programs. This chapter intends to analyze, in a lifespan perspective (childhood, adulthood, and elderly age), the potentialities that the use of robots can offer in clinical practices without neglecting the robot's technical constraints and the methodological limitations of the studies. We will provide suggestions for future research and indications for the clinical application of robots according to the different pathologies and ages.
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Kacmarek CN, Yates BT, Nich C, Kiluk BD. A pilot economic evaluation of computerized cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder as an addition and alternative to traditional therapy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1109-1121. [PMID: 33730384 PMCID: PMC8131237 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer-based delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be a less costly approach to increase dissemination and implementation of evidence-based treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, comprehensive evaluations of costs, cost-effectiveness, and cost-benefit of computer-delivered interventions are rare. METHODS This study used data from a completed randomized clinical trial to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of a computer-based version of CBT (CBT4CBT) for AUD. Sixty-three participants were randomized to receive one of the following treatments at an outpatient treatment facility and attended at least one session: (1) treatment as usual (TAU), (2) CBT4CBT plus treatment as usual (CBT4CBT+TAU), or (3) CBT4CBT plus brief monitoring. RESULTS Median protocol treatment costs per participant differed significantly between conditions, Kruskal-Wallis H(2) = 8.40, p = 0.02, such that CBT4CBT+TAU and CBT4CBT+monitoring each cost significantly more per participant than TAU. However, when nonprotocol treatment costs were included, total treatment costs per participant did not differ significantly between conditions. Median incremental cost-effective ratios (ICERs) revealed that CBT4CBT+TAU was more costly and more effective than TAU. It cost $35.08 to add CBT4CBT to TAU to produce a reduction of one additional drinking day per month between baseline and the end of the 8-week treatment protocol: CBT4CBT+monitoring cost $33.70 less to produce a reduction of one additional drinking day per month because CBT4CBT+monitoring was less costly than TAU and more effective at treatment termination, though not significantly so. Net benefit analyses suggested that costs of treatment, regardless of condition, did not offset monthly costs related to healthcare utilization, criminal justice involvement, and employment disruption between baseline and 6-month follow-up. Benefit-cost ratios were similar for each condition. CONCLUSIONS Results of this pilot economic evaluation suggest that an 8-week course of CBT4CBT may be a cost-effective addition and potential alternative to standard outpatient treatment for AUD. Additional research is needed to generate conclusions about the cost-benefit of providing CBT4CBT to treatment-seeking individuals participating in standard outpatient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne N. Kacmarek
- American University, Department of Psychology, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016-8062 United States
| | - Brian T. Yates
- American University, Department of Psychology, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016-8062 United States
| | - Charla Nich
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Temple Medical, Building, 40 Temple Street, Suite 6C, Room 618, New Haven, CT 06510 United States
| | - Brian D. Kiluk
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Temple Medical, Building, 40 Temple Street, Suite 6C, Room 618, New Haven, CT 06510 United States
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Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Farrer L, Gulliver A, Kurz E. Efficacy of a Transdiagnostic Self-Help Internet Intervention for Reducing Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidal Ideation in Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e22698. [PMID: 33480860 PMCID: PMC7864776 DOI: 10.2196/22698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-intensity self-guided mental health interventions that are delivered on the web may meet the needs and preferences of adults with mild to moderate symptoms. However, few clinical trials have examined the effectiveness of self-guided transdiagnostic interventions within a naturalistic setting. Objective This randomized controlled trial (RCT) tests the effectiveness of the video-based transdiagnostic intervention FitMindKit in reducing depression symptoms (primary outcome), anxiety symptoms, disability, and suicidal ideation, relative to an attention-matched control condition called HealthWatch. Methods The RCT was conducted with adults living in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Participants (n=1986) were recruited through the web using social media advertisements, screened for psychological distress, and then randomized to receive one of two 4-week programs: FitMindKit (12-module psychotherapy intervention) or HealthWatch (12-module program providing general health information). Participants were assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks postbaseline. To maintain the ecological validity of the trial, participants completed brief assessments and interventions without direct researcher contact or incentives. Results Mixed model repeated-measures analyses of variance demonstrated that FitMindKit significantly improved depression symptoms (F1,701.7=3.97; P=.047), along with panic symptoms (F1,706.5=5.59; P=.02) and social anxiety symptoms (F1,680.0=12.37; P<.001), relative to the attention control condition. There were no significant effects on other outcomes. Conclusions Self-guided transdiagnostic interventions can be beneficial when delivered directly to end users through the internet. Despite low adherence and small effect sizes, the availability of such interventions is likely to fill a critical gap in the accessibility of mental health services for the community. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001688279; http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376113. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100341
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Louise Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Ella Kurz
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
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Brantnell A, Woodford J, Baraldi E, van Achterberg T, von Essen L. Views of Implementers and Nonimplementers of Internet-Administered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety: Survey of Primary Care Decision Makers in Sweden. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e18033. [PMID: 32784186 PMCID: PMC7450364 DOI: 10.2196/18033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet-administered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) has been demonstrated to be an effective intervention for adults with depression and/or anxiety and is recommended in national guidelines for provision within Swedish primary care. However, the number and type of organizations that have implemented ICBT within primary care in Sweden is currently unclear. Further, there is a lack of knowledge concerning barriers and facilitators to ICBT implementation. OBJECTIVE The two primary objectives were to identify and describe primary care organizations providing ICBT in Sweden and compare decision makers' (ie, directors of primary care organizations) views on barriers and facilitators to implementation of ICBT among ICBT implementers (ie, organizations that offered ICBT) and nonimplementers (ie, organizations that did not offer ICBT). METHODS An online survey based on a checklist for identifying barriers and facilitators to implementation was developed and made accessible to decision makers from all primary care organizations in Sweden. The survey consisted of background questions (eg, provision of ICBT and number of persons working with ICBT) and barriers and facilitators relating to the following categories: users, therapists, ICBT programs, organizations, and wider society. RESULTS The participation rate was 35.75% (404/1130). The majority (250/404, 61.8%) of participants were health care center directors and had backgrounds in nursing. Altogether, 89.8% (363/404) of the participating organizations provided CBT. A minority (83/404, 20.5%) of organizations offered ICBT. Most professionals delivering ICBT were psychologists (67/83, 80%) and social workers (31/83, 37%). The majority (61/83, 73%) of organizations had 1 to 2 persons delivering ICBT interventions. The number of patients treated with ICBT during the last 12 months was 1 to 10 in 65% (54/83) of the organizations, ranging between 1 and 400 treated patients across the whole sample. There were 9 significant (P<.05) differences out of 37 possible between implementers and nonimplementers. For example, more implementers (48/51, 94%) than nonimplementers (107/139, 76.9%) perceived few technical problems (P<.001), and more implementers (53/77, 68%) than nonimplementers (103/215, 47.9%) considered that their organization has resources to offer ICBT programs (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Despite research demonstrating the effectiveness of ICBT for depression and anxiety and national guidelines recommending its use, ICBT is implemented in few primary care organizations in Sweden. Several interesting differences between implementers and nonimplementers were identified, which may help inform interventions focusing on facilitating the implementation of ICBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Brantnell
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Division of Industrial Engineering and Management, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joanne Woodford
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Enrico Baraldi
- Division of Industrial Engineering and Management, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Theo van Achterberg
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louise von Essen
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Luo C, Sanger N, Singhal N, Pattrick K, Shams I, Shahid H, Hoang P, Schmidt J, Lee J, Haber S, Puckering M, Buchanan N, Lee P, Ng K, Sun S, Kheyson S, Chung DCY, Sanger S, Thabane L, Samaan Z. A comparison of electronically-delivered and face to face cognitive behavioural therapies in depressive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 24:100442. [PMID: 32775969 PMCID: PMC7393662 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a widely used treatment for depression. However, limited resource availability poses several barriers to patients seeking access to care, including lengthy wait times and geographical limitations. This has prompted health care services to introduce electronically delivered CBT (eCBT) to facilitate access. Although previous reviews have compared the effects of eCBT to face-to-face CBT, there is an overall lack of adequately powered and up-to-date evidence in the literature to provide a reliable comparison between the two modes of administration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of eCBT compared to face-to-face CBT through a systematic review of the literature. METHODS To be eligible for this review, studies needed to be randomized controlled trials evaluating the clinical effectiveness of any form of eCBT compared to face-to-face CBT. These encompassed studies evaluating a wide range of outcomes including severity of symptoms, adverse outcomes, clinically relevant outcomes, global functionality, participant satisfaction, quality of life, and affordability. There were no restrictions on participant age or sex.We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psych Info, Cochrane CENTRAL and CINAHL databases from inception to February 20th, 2020 using a comprehensive search strategy. All stages of literature screening and data extraction were completed independently in duplicate. Data extraction and risk of bias analyses, including GRADE ratings, were conducted on studies meeting inclusion criteria. Qualitative measures are reported in a narrative summary. We pooled quantitative data in meta-analyses to provide an estimated summary effect. This review adheres to PRISMA reporting guidelines. FINDINGS In total, we included 17 studies in our analyses. Our results demonstrated that eCBT was more effective than face-to-face CBT at reducing depression symptom severity (Standardized mean difference [SMD]: -1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.72, -0.74; GRADE: moderate quality of evidence). There were no significant differences between the two interventions on participant satisfaction (SMD 0.13 95%; CI -0.32, 0.59; GRADE: low quality of evidence). One RCT reported eCBT to be less costly than face-to-face CBT (GRADE: low quality of evidence). Results did not differ when stratified by subgroups such as participant age and study location. INTERPRETATION Although we found eCBT to have moderate evidence of effectiveness in reducing symptoms of depression, high heterogeneity among studies precludes definitive conclusions for all outcomes. With the current reliance and accessibility of technology to increasing number of people worldwide, serious consideration in utilizing technology should be given to maximize accessibility for depression treatments. Our results found eCBT is at least as effective as face to face CBT, thus eCBT should be offered if preferred by patients and therapists. FUNDING This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Luo
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nitika Sanger
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nikhita Singhal
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kaitlin Pattrick
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ieta Shams
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hamnah Shahid
- Arts and Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Hoang
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joel Schmidt
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Janice Lee
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sean Haber
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Puckering
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Buchanan
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patsy Lee
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kim Ng
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sunny Sun
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sasha Kheyson
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas Cho-Yan Chung
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Sanger
- Health Sciences Library, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zainab Samaan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Evaluation of Medicines, Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH) Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th St., Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada
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BRANTNELL ANDERS, BARALDI ENRICO. THE ROLES OF ACADEMIC INVENTORS IN MEDICAL INNOVATION PROCESSES: EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF IPR OWNERSHIP AND IP NATURE. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1363919620500450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper analyses four medical innovation processes originating from Stanford and Uppsala universities with the purpose of understanding how intellectual property rights (IPR) ownership and intellectual property (IP) nature influence the behaviour of academic inventors. We analyse this behaviour through the roles enacted and evaluate the requirements the roles pose by developing a method to assess the requirements of individual roles, which we label as role intensity. We find that both IPR ownership and IP nature can influence the academic inventors’ roles and role intensities. In contrast to assumptions in research and policy, we find that IPR ownership does not influence the roles and role intensities in a remarkable way. We also find support that research and policy should distinguish between patentable and non-patentable inventions in the field of medical invention as these two types of IP nature are associated with different roles and role intensities. These findings contribute to the literature on commercialisation of science and innovation management by demonstrating the importance of IP nature in influencing the roles of inventors. Managerial and policy implications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- ANDERS BRANTNELL
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - ENRICO BARALDI
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Smartteen- a computer assisted cognitive behavior therapy for Indian adolescents with depression- a pilot study. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 50:101970. [PMID: 32114331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of unipolar depression among adolescents in India is high. Cognitive behavior therapies (CBTs) are considered the current gold standard treatment for depression in adolescents; however, their access is limited in India. Given the ubiquity of technology including smartphones and computers, technology can be leveraged to improve access of CBT treatment in India. Our team developed smartteen- a computer application designed to augment in-person CBT for treatment of depression in adolescents. This paper will present results of the pilot evaluation of smartteen (a cCBT) for its feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness in reducing depressive symptoms. Twenty-one adolescents with unipolar depression seeking treatment at a tertiary care hospital were randomly assigned to smartteen (n = 11) and TAU (n = 10). Both groups received twelve weeks of treatment and were assessed at baseline, mid-treatment (6 weeks) and post-treatment (12 weeks) using four clinical measures including BDI-II, CDRS-R, CGI-S and CGAS. smartteen was shown to be feasible and acceptable treatment to adolescents. At 6 weeks, both treatments were effective in reducing depression. At 12 weeks, smartteen was significantly more effective than TAU in reducing depression symptoms and improving functioning on CGAS. Treatment compliance was better in smartteen group. smartten was shown to reduce the time spent by therapist to deliver 12 sessions of CBT treatment for depression. Results indicate that smartteen may be subjected to more rigorous evaluations with larger samples and considered for wider implementation if found effective.
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Doorley JD, Goodman FR, Disabato DJ, Kashdan TB, Weinstein JS, Shackman AJ. The momentary benefits of positive events for individuals with elevated social anxiety. Emotion 2020; 21:595-606. [PMID: 31944786 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how individuals with varying levels of social anxiety respond to daily positive events is important. Psychological processes that increase positive emotions are being widely used as strategies to not only enhance well-being but also reduce the symptoms and impairment tied to negative emotional dispositions and conditions, including excessive social anxiety. At present, it is unclear whether and how levels of social anxiety impact the psychological benefits derived from momentary positive events. We used ecological momentary assessment to examine the impact of trait social anxiety on momentary changes in emotions, sense of belonging, and social approach versus avoidance motivation following positive events in daily life. Over the course of a week, people with elevated social anxiety experienced greater momentary anxiety and social avoidance motivation and lower momentary happiness and sense of belonging on average. Despite these impairments, individuals with elevated social anxiety experienced greater psychological benefits-in the form of reduced anxiety and motivation to avoid social situations, and an increased sense of belonging-following positive events during the past hour that were rated as particularly intense. This pattern of findings was not specific to social anxiety, with evidence of similar effects for other forms of internalizing psychopathology (general anxiety and depression). These observations detail circumstances in which individuals with social anxiety, and other emotional disturbances, can thrive-creating potentially important targets for intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Olmos A, Tirado-Muñoz J, Farré M, Torrens M. The efficacy of computerized interventions to reduce cannabis use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2018; 79:52-60. [PMID: 29248863 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cannabis is the most widely consumed illicit drug. Although it is too early to confirm the impact of legalization, the use of cannabis appears to be on the rise in some countries due to its authorization for medical/recreational purposes. Among different types of therapeutic approaches to reduce cannabis use, computerized interventions are becoming a new treatment option. To assess their efficacy, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed employing randomized controlled clinical trials indexed in MEDLINE and PsycINFO. The principal outcome measure was cannabis use, and the secondary one was the use of other substances during interventions. A subgroup analysis was conducted by length of follow-up, number of sessions, age group, type of analysis, and type of control condition. RESULTS The meta-analysis included nine studies with 2963 participants. Computerized interventions resulted in significant reductions in the use of cannabis (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.19; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.11) and other substances (SMD: -0.27; 95% CI: -0.46, -0.08). CONCLUSIONS Computerized interventions examined in the present study reduced the frequency of cannabis and other substance use. Limitations included the recalculation of dichotomous and continuous data as SMD and the lower number of studies included in the secondary outcome. Computerized interventions could be a viable option to reduce cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Olmos
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Judit Tirado-Muñoz
- Addiction Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d' Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Badalona 08916, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Marta Torrens
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
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Andrews G, Titov N, Schwencke G. Untreated depression in the community. PSYCHIATRIC BULLETIN 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/pb.bp.108.023226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims and MethodReaching into the community to treat people with anxiety and depressive disorders raises the spectre of wrongful use of scarce resources at best, and of disease mongering at worst. We recruited for an internet-based treatment for social phobia.ResultsApplications were received from 789 people, and 205 were rejected because of severe depression or suicidal thoughts. Many were excluded because they had another disorder or were in treatment. Some dropped out, only 7 were subthreshold cases and 291 people with social phobia were treated.Clinical ImplicationsDespite easy access to clinicians, the burden of untreated serious mental disorder in the community remains considerable.
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Rost T, Stein J, Löbner M, Kersting A, Luck-Sikorski C, Riedel-Heller SG. User Acceptance of Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e309. [PMID: 28903893 PMCID: PMC5617907 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.7662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) has been proven to be effective in depression care. Moreover, cCBT packages are becoming increasingly popular. A central aspect concerning the take-up and success of any treatment is its user acceptance. Objective The aim of this study was to update and expand on earlier work on user acceptance of cCBT for depression. Methods This paper systematically reviewed quantitative and qualitative studies regarding the user acceptance of cCBT for depression. The initial search was conducted in January 2016 and involved the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO. Studies were retained if they described the explicit examination of the user acceptance, experiences, or satisfaction related to a cCBT intervention, if they reported depression as a primary outcome, and if they were published in German or English from July 2007 onward. Results A total of 1736 studies were identified, of which 29 studies were eligible for review. User acceptance was operationalized and analyzed very heterogeneously. Eight studies reported a very high level of acceptance, 17 indicated a high level of acceptance, and one study showed a moderate level of acceptance. Two qualitative studies considered the positive and negative aspects concerning the user acceptance of cCBT. However, a substantial proportion of reviewed studies revealed several methodical shortcomings. Conclusions In general, people experience cCBT for depression as predominantly positive, which supports the potential role of these innovative treatments. However, methodological challenges do exist in terms of defining user acceptance, clear operationalization of concepts, and measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Rost
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janine Stein
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Löbner
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anette Kersting
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medical Centre, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Luck-Sikorski
- Mental Health and Psychotherapy, Stiftung Rehabilitation Heidelberg University of Applied Health Services, Gera, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Bennion MR, Hardy G, Moore RK, Millings A. E-therapies in England for stress, anxiety or depression: what is being used in the NHS? A survey of mental health services. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014844. [PMID: 28115336 PMCID: PMC5278266 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the range of web and smartphone apps used and recommended for stress, anxiety or depression by the National Health Service (NHS) in England. DESIGN The study was conducted using Freedom of Information (FOI) requests and systematic website searches. DATA SOURCES Data were collected via FOI requests to NHS services between 13 February 2015 and 31 March 2015, and searches conducted on NHS apps library websites between 26 March 2015 and 2 November 2015. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS Data were compiled from responses to: (1) FOI requests sent to all Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services and NHS Mental Health Trusts in England and (2) NHS apps library search results. RESULTS A total of 61 (54.95%) out of the then 111 IAPT service providers responded, accounting for 191 IAPT services, and all 51 of the then NHS Mental Health Trusts responded. The results were that 13 different web apps and 35 different smartphone apps for depression, anxiety or stress were available through either referral services or the online NHS Apps Libraries. The apps used and recommended vary by area and by point of access (online library/IAPT/trust). CONCLUSIONS Future research is required to establish the evidence base for the apps that are being used in the NHS in England. There is a need for service provision to be based on evidence and established guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bennion
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G Hardy
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R K Moore
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Millings
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Kendall PC, Makover H, Swan A, Carper MM, Mercado R, Kagan E, Crawford E. What steps to take? How to approach concerning anxiety in youth. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Hoch E, Preuss UW, Ferri M, Simon R. Digital Interventions for Problematic Cannabis Users in Non-Clinical Settings: Findings from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur Addict Res 2016; 22:233-42. [PMID: 27160333 DOI: 10.1159/000445716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing cannabis treatment programs reach only a very limited proportion of people with cannabis-related problems. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of digital interventions applied outside the health care system in reducing problematic cannabis use. METHODS We systematically searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2015), PubMed (2009-2015), Medline (2009-2015), Google Scholar (2015) and article reference lists for potentially eligible studies. Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of internet- or computer-based interventions were assessed. Study effects were estimated by calculating effect sizes (ESs) using Cohen's d and Hedges' g bias-corrected ES. The primary outcome assessed was self-reported cannabis use, measured by a questionnaire. RESULTS Fifty-two studies were identified. Four studies (including 1,928 participants) met inclusion criteria. They combined brief motivational interventions and cognitive behavioral therapy delivered online. All studies were of good quality. The pooled mean difference (x0394; = 4.07) and overall ES (0.11) give evidence of small effects at 3-month follow-up in favor of digital interventions. CONCLUSIONS Digital interventions can help to successfully reduce problematic cannabis use outside clinical settings. They have some potential to overcome treatment barriers and increase accessibility for at-risk cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hoch
- Department for Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Fogliati VJ, Terides MD, Gandy M, Staples LG, Johnston L, Karin E, Rapee RM, Titov N, Dear BF. Psychometric properties of the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN) in a large online treatment-seeking sample. Cogn Behav Ther 2016; 45:236-57. [PMID: 27046641 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2016.1158206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN) is a brief, three-item measure designed as a screening tool for social anxiety disorder (SAD). This study investigated the Mini-SPIN's psychometric properties in a series of trials of Internet-delivered treatment. Participants were 993 people seeking Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for a range of anxiety and mood disorders. Participants completed the Mini-SPIN, and were diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Version 5.0.0 (MINI). They also completed measures of depression, general anxiety, panic, neuroticism and general impairment. The Mini-SPIN's ability to discriminate between people with and without SAD, within a large sample of people seeking treatment for a range of psychological disorders, was assessed at initial assessment and three-month follow-up. The Mini-SPIN's criterion group validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity and responsiveness to treatment were also examined. Results demonstrated that the Mini-SPIN has an excellent ability to discriminate between those with and without SAD in a highly comorbid clinical sample, and also has good criterion group validity. The Mini-SPIN also exhibited excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and was responsive to treatment. These results highlight the Mini-SPIN's potential as an efficient and reliable measure of SAD in heterogeneous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Fogliati
- a eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Matthew D Terides
- a eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Milena Gandy
- a eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Lauren G Staples
- a eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Luke Johnston
- a eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Eyal Karin
- a eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- b Centre for Emotional Health , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Nickolai Titov
- a eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Blake F Dear
- a eCentreClinic, Department of Psychology , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
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Robinson J, Hetrick S, Cox G, Bendall S, Yuen HP, Yung A, Pirkis J. Can an Internet-based intervention reduce suicidal ideation, depression and hopelessness among secondary school students: results from a pilot study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2016; 10:28-35. [PMID: 24684946 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Little evidence exists regarding the efficacy of suicide prevention programmes among the youth. This pilot study aimed to test the effects of a specifically designed, eight-module Internet-based programme on suicidal ideation among secondary school students. METHODS The study employed a pre-test/post-test design. Outcomes of interest were suicidal ideation, depression and hopelessness. Participants were recruited via the school well-being team, were assessed at baseline and immediately post-intervention. The intervention was delivered weekly at the young persons' school. RESULTS Twenty-one students completed all eight modules and a post-intervention assessment, and constitute the observed case sample used for the analysis. Overall levels of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms and hopelessness decreased significantly over the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS This was a small pilot study with no control group. However, significant reductions were seen in suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms and hopelessness, indicating that Internet-based interventions may hold promise when it comes to reducing suicide risk among youth. Further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Robinson
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Hetrick
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina Cox
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Bendall
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison Yung
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Robinson J, Hetrick S, Cox G, Bendall S, Yung A, Pirkis J. The safety and acceptability of delivering an online intervention to secondary students at risk of suicide: findings from a pilot study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2015; 9:498-506. [PMID: 24684927 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide-related behaviour is a major problem among adolescents. Yet relatively few studies have tested the efficacy, acceptability and safety of interventions for this population. We developed and pilot tested an online intervention for at-risk school students, which has led to reduced suicidal ideation, hopelessness and depressive symptoms. The aims of this study were to examine the safety and acceptability of the programme, and to determine which components were found to be most helpful and enjoyable. METHODS This pilot study employed a pre-test/post-test design, with an 8-week intervention phase. Participants were assessed immediately before, and immediately after the intervention. Participants were also asked to complete a weekly questionnaire immediately after the intervention, and again 2 days later assessing suicidal ideation and distress. RESULTS Twenty-one young people completed the intervention. Overall, the intervention did not lead to increases in suicidal ideation or distress. Participants reported enjoying the programme, in particular watching the video diaries and completing the activities, and said they would recommend the programme to a friend. Overall, the cognitive components of the programme were found to be most helpful. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the programme appeared to be a safe and acceptable intervention for at-risk adolescents. This was a small, pilot study so we need to interpret the results with caution. However, the findings are promising and suggest that young people at risk of suicide can safely be included in trials as long as adequate safety procedures are in place. The programme is now being tested in a randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Robinson
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Hetrick
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina Cox
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Bendall
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison Yung
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wootton BM. Remote cognitive-behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2015; 43:103-13. [PMID: 26494179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental health condition that results in a significant societal burden. Remote treatments do not require the patient to attend traditional face-to-face treatment services and can be used as a way to overcome barriers to accessing face-to-face treatment. The aim of the current study was to synthesize the current literature on remote treatment for OCD using a meta-analytic approach. Relevant articles were identified through an electronic database search and the references of previously completed reviews on the topic of remote treatment for OCD were also reviewed. Eighteen studies (n=823; mean age=31.20 (SD=10.36); 56.2% female) were included in the meta-analysis. Within-group findings indicate that remote treatment for OCD produces a decrease in symptoms of a large magnitude (g=1.17; 95% CI: 0.91-1.43). Between-group findings indicate that remote treatment for OCD is more effective than control (g=1.06; 95% CI: 0.68-1.45) and outcomes are not meaningfully different from face-to-face treatment (g=-0.21; 95% CI: -0.43-0.02). Those methodologies that are low intensity produce a decrease in symptoms of a large magnitude (g=1.36, 95% CI: 1.00-1.72), as do higher intensity treatments (g=1.64, 95% CI: 1.33-1.95). These findings have important implications for the development of stepped-care treatments, which may be able to be delivered in a purely remote fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Wootton
- Department of Medicine (Psychology), University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
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20
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Montero-Marín J, Prado-Abril J, Botella C, Mayoral-Cleries F, Baños R, Herrera-Mercadal P, Romero-Sanchiz P, Gili M, Castro A, Nogueira R, García-Campayo J. Expectations among patients and health professionals regarding Web-based interventions for depression in primary care: a qualitative study. J Med Internet Res 2015; 17:e67. [PMID: 25757358 PMCID: PMC4376189 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.3985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-quarter of the world's population will suffer from depression symptoms at some point in their lives. Mental health services in developed countries are overburdened. Therefore, cost-effective interventions that provide mental health care solutions such as Web-based psychotherapy programs have been proposed. OBJECTIVE The intent of the study was to identify expectations regarding Web-based psychotherapy for the treatment of depression in primary care among patients and health professionals that might facilitate or hinder its effects. METHODS The expectations of untreated patients and health professionals were examined by means of interviews and focus groups. There were 43 participants (20 patients with mild and moderate levels of depression, 11 primary care physicians, and 12 managers; 22 of them for interviews and 21 for groups). A thematic content analysis from the grounded theory for interviews, and an analysis of the discursive positions of participants based on the sociological model for groups were performed. Interpretations were achieved by agreement between three independent analysts. RESULTS All participants showed a good general acceptance of Web-based psychotherapy, appreciating possible advantages and improvements. Patients, physicians, and managers shared the same conceptualization of their expectations, although highlighting different aspects. Patients focused on the need for individualized and personalized interaction, while professionals highlighted the need for the standardization of the program. Physicians were concerned with extra workload, while managers were worried about optimizing cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Expectations of the different participants can conflict with each other. Finding a balanced position among them is needed if we are to harmoniously implement effective Web-based interventions for depression in routine clinical practice.
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Shepherd M, Fleming T, Lucassen M, Stasiak K, Lambie I, Merry SN. The design and relevance of a computerized gamified depression therapy program for indigenous māori adolescents. JMIR Serious Games 2015; 3:e1. [PMID: 25736225 PMCID: PMC4392467 DOI: 10.2196/games.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major health issue among Māori indigenous adolescents, yet there has been little investigation into the relevance or effectiveness of psychological treatments for them. Further, consumer views are critical for engagement and adherence to therapy. However, there is little research regarding indigenous communities' opinions about psychological interventions for depression. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to conduct semistructured interviews with Māori (indigenous New Zealand) young people (taitamariki) and their families to find out their opinions of a prototype computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) program called Smart, Positive, Active, Realistic, X-factor thoughts (SPARX), a free online computer game intended to help young persons with mild to moderate depression, feeling down, stress or anxiety. The program will teach them how to resolve their issues on their own using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as psychotherapeutic approach. METHODS There were seven focus groups on the subject of the design and cultural relevance of SPARX that were held, with a total of 26 participants (19 taitamarki, 7 parents/caregivers, all Māori). There were five of the groups that were with whānau (family groups) (n=14), one group was with Māori teenage mothers (n=4), and one group was with taitamariki (n=8). The general inductive approach was used to analyze focus group data. RESULTS SPARX computerized therapy has good face validity and is seen as potentially effective and appealing for Māori people. Cultural relevance was viewed as being important for the engagement of Māori young people with SPARX. Whānau are important for young peoples' well-being. Participants generated ideas for improving SPARX for Māori and for the inclusion of whānau in its delivery. CONCLUSIONS SPARX computerized therapy had good face validity for indigenous young people and families. In general, Māori participants were positive about the SPARX prototype and considered it both appealing and applicable to them. The results of this study were used to refine SPARX prior to it being delivered to taitamariki and non-Māori young people. TRIAL REGISTRATION The New Zealand Northern Y Regional Ethics Committee; http://ethics.health.govt.nz/home; NTY/09/003; (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation/6VYgHXKaR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Shepherd
- School of Counselling, Human Services and Social Work, Department of Education, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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22
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A feasibility open trial of guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression amongst Arab Australians. Internet Interv 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Choi I, Sharpe L, Li S, Hunt C. Acceptability of psychological treatment to Chinese- and Caucasian-Australians: Internet treatment reduces barriers but face-to-face care is preferred. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:77-87. [PMID: 24993290 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-014-0921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Internet treatments have the potential to improve access, especially for cultural groups who face considerable treatment barriers. This study explored the perceived barriers and likelihood of using Internet and face-to-face treatments for depression among Chinese and Caucasian Australian participants. METHODS Three-hundred ninety-five (289 Chinese, 106 Caucasian) primary care patients completed a questionnaire about depression history, previous help-seeking, perceived barriers to Internet and face-to-face treatment, and likelihood of using either treatment for depressive symptoms. RESULTS Internet treatment reduced perceived barriers (including stigma, lack of motivation, concerns of bringing up upsetting feelings, time constraints, transport difficulties, and cost) for both groups to a similar degree, except for time constraints. There were heightened concerns about the helpfulness, suitability, and confidentiality of Internet treatments. Chinese participants and individuals with a probable depression history reported increased perceived barriers across treatments. Both Chinese and Caucasian groups preferred face-to-face treatment across depression severity. However, when age was controlled, there were no significant concerns about Internet treatment, and face-to-face treatment was only preferred for severe depression. Only 12 % of the entire sample refused to try Internet treatment for depression. Endorsement of perceived Internet treatment barriers (including concerns of bringing up upsetting feelings, that treatment would be unhelpful or unsuitable, lack of motivation, cost, cultural sensitivity, and confidentiality) reduced the likelihood to try Internet treatments. CONCLUSIONS Internet treatment reduced perceived treatment barriers across groups, with encouraging support for Internet treatment as an acceptable form of receiving help. Negative concerns about Internet treatment need to be addressed to encourage use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Choi
- School of Psychology, Brennan MacCallum Building (A18), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia,
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Choi I, Andrews G, Sharpe L, Hunt C. Help-seeking characteristics of Chinese- and English-speaking Australians accessing Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for depression. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:89-97. [PMID: 25193374 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-014-0956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Internet treatments may overcome barriers and improve access to mental health services for people who do not access professional help. It may be particularly beneficial for Chinese Australians, a group that tends to delay and underutilize face-to-face treatments. This study explored the appeal of Internet therapy to Chinese- and English-speaking Australians with depression who accessed Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) programs. METHODS Data collected from previous randomised controlled trials of iCBT depression programs were used. Using a matched samples design, 55 Chinese- and 55 English-speaking iCBT participants with depression were matched on age, gender, and depression screener scores. They were compared on their symptom severity, previous help-seeking patterns, and reasons for seeking Internet treatment. RESULTS The Chinese-speaking participants had significantly milder depressive symptoms and were less likely to have previously sought professional help compared to the English-speaking participants (all ps < 0.05). Both groups endorsed similar number of reasons for seeking iCBT, and the most common reasons related to reduced structural barriers. However, the Chinese-speaking participants were more likely to seek iCBT due to lack of knowledge about face-to-face treatment (p = 0.005), while the English-speaking participants were more likely to report not benefiting from traditional help (p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS The attraction of iCBT appears to be the reduction of structural barriers to treatment. iCBT may reduce treatment delay and increase access to Chinese Australians who have not sought professional help. English-speaking Australians are seeking iCBT as an additional means of getting help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Choi
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Brennan MacCallum Building (A18), Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia,
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Reynolds J, Griffiths KM, Cunningham JA, Bennett K, Bennett A. Clinical Practice Models for the Use of E-Mental Health Resources in Primary Health Care by Health Professionals and Peer Workers: A Conceptual Framework. JMIR Ment Health 2015; 2:e6. [PMID: 26543912 PMCID: PMC4607387 DOI: 10.2196/mental.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into e-mental health technologies has developed rapidly in the last 15 years. Applications such as Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy interventions have accumulated considerable evidence of efficacy and some evidence of effectiveness. These programs have achieved similar outcomes to face-to-face therapy, while requiring much less clinician time. There is now burgeoning interest in integrating e-mental health resources with the broader mental health delivery system, particularly in primary care. The Australian government has supported the development and deployment of e-mental health resources, including websites that provide information, peer-to-peer support, automated self-help, and guided interventions. An ambitious national project has been commissioned to promote key resources to clinicians, to provide training in their use, and to evaluate the impact of promotion and training upon clinical practice. Previous initiatives have trained clinicians to use a single e-mental health program or a suite of related programs. In contrast, the current initiative will support community-based service providers to access a diverse array of resources developed and provided by many different groups. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper was to develop a conceptual framework to support the use of e-mental health resources in routine primary health care. In particular, models of clinical practice are required to guide the use of the resources by diverse service providers and to inform professional training, promotional, and evaluation activities. METHODS Information about service providers' use of e-mental health resources was synthesized from a nonsystematic overview of published literature and the authors' experience of training primary care service providers. RESULTS Five emerging clinical practice models are proposed: (1) promotion; (2) case management; (3) coaching; (4) symptom-focused treatment; and (5) comprehensive therapy. We also consider the service provider skills required for each model and the ways that e-mental health resources might be used by general practice doctors and nurses, pharmacists, psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists, counselors, and peer workers. CONCLUSIONS The models proposed in the current paper provide a conceptual framework for policy-makers, researchers and clinicians interested in integrating e-mental health resources into primary care. Research is needed to establish the safety and effectiveness of the models in routine care and the best ways to support their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reynolds
- National Institute for Mental Health Research Research School of Population Health Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Kathleen M Griffiths
- National Institute for Mental Health Research Research School of Population Health Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - John A Cunningham
- National Institute for Mental Health Research Research School of Population Health Australian National University Canberra Australia ; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kylie Bennett
- National Institute for Mental Health Research Research School of Population Health Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Anthony Bennett
- National Institute for Mental Health Research Research School of Population Health Australian National University Canberra Australia
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Musiat P, Tarrier N. Collateral outcomes in e-mental health: a systematic review of the evidence for added benefits of computerized cognitive behavior therapy interventions for mental health. Psychol Med 2014; 44:3137-3150. [PMID: 25065947 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-mental health is a growing research field and an increasing number of computerized cognitive behavior therapy (cCBT) interventions are available for numerous mental health issues. Such interventions are often claimed to have added benefits, or collateral outcomes, when compared with traditional delivery platforms. Our aim was to systematically review the evidence of the cost-effectiveness, geographic flexibility, time flexibility, waiting time for treatment, stigma, therapist time, effects on help-seeking and treatment satisfaction of cCBT interventions for mental health. METHOD The electronic databases Medline and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed controlled trials investigating collateral outcomes in computerized and internet-based CBT. RESULTS The literature search identified 101 published papers (95 studies), which were included in this review. The results suggest that cCBT interventions are cost-effective and often cheaper than usual care. Limited evidence was found with regard to geographic flexibility, time flexibility, waiting time for treatment, stigma and the effects on help-seeking. Personal support in cCBT was found to take many forms, was not limited only to therapists, and seemed to increase treatment adherence and reduce attrition. Treatment satisfaction with cCBT was found to be high, but more research on attrition due to dissatisfaction is required. CONCLUSIONS Although the results of this systematic review on the collateral outcomes provide support for the potential of cCBT, these outcomes need to be better assessed within individual e-mental health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Musiat
- Department of Psychology,Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,UK
| | - N Tarrier
- Department of Psychology,Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,UK
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Srivastava P, Mehta M. Computerized cognitive behavior therapies in psychiatry: a viable option in India? Asian J Psychiatr 2014; 11:72-3. [PMID: 25453701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paakhi Srivastava
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Manju Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Los nuevos desarrollos tecnológicos aplicados al tratamiento psicológico. ACTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGIA 2014. [DOI: 10.14718/acp.2014.17.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
El desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías ha alcanzado prácticamente a todo el desarrollo humano. En el caso de la psicología clínica, ha significado nuevos avances en el conocimiento, evaluación y tratamientos psicológicos de diferentes problemas y trastornos. En este trabajo se revisan cuatro desarrollos que han tenido una expansión importante: el uso de internet para el tratamiento psicológico, el uso de la realidad virtual, el neurofeedback y la estimulación magnética transcraneal. Se presenta brevemente cada técnica o procedimiento, su aplicación a problemas concretos, sus ventajas y sus inconvenientes. Finalmente se discute el desarrollo de estos recursos y la necesidad de seguir aportando conocimientos que vayan mejorando su eficacia y su eficiencia, de acuerdo con tipos de pacientes, patologías, procedimiento específico, así como evitar efectos indeseables.
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Using findings in multimedia learning to inform technology-based behavioral health interventions. Transl Behav Med 2014; 3:234-43. [PMID: 24073174 DOI: 10.1007/s13142-012-0137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians and researchers are increasingly using technology-based behavioral health interventions to improve intervention effectiveness and to reach underserved populations. However, these interventions are rarely informed by evidence-based findings of how technology can be optimized to promote acquisition of key skills and information. At the same time, experts in multimedia learning generally do not apply their findings to health education or conduct research in clinical contexts. This paper presents an overview of some key aspects of multimedia learning research that may allow those developing health interventions to apply informational technology with the same rigor as behavioral science content. We synthesized empirical multimedia learning literature from 1992 to 2011. We identified key findings and suggested a framework for integrating technology with educational and behavioral science theory. A scientific, evidence-driven approach to developing technology-based interventions can yield greater effectiveness, improved fidelity, increased outcomes, and better client service.
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Robinson J, Hetrick S, Cox G, Bendall S, Yung A, Yuen HP, Templer K, Pirkis J. The development of a randomised controlled trial testing the effects of an online intervention among school students at risk of suicide. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:155. [PMID: 24884888 PMCID: PMC4046035 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide-related behaviour among young people is of significant concern, yet little is known regarding the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce risk among this population. Of those interventions that have been tested, cognitive-behavioural therapy appears to show some promise among young people with suicidal ideation. Internet-based interventions are becoming increasingly popular and have shown some effect in preventing and treating depression and anxiety in young people. However, to date there are no randomised controlled trials examining the impact of Internet-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy among suicidal youth. METHODS/DESIGN This is a randomised controlled trial testing the effects of Internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy among suicidal high school students who have sought help from the school wellbeing team. The intervention comprises 8 modules of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy delivered online. The study has a staggered, two-year recruitment phase and participants are assessed at baseline, post intervention and 12 weeks later. DISCUSSION If effective the program has the ability to be readily adapted and delivered to a range of populations in a range of settings, at relatively little cost. It can also be adapted for mobile applications. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12613000864729. Date registered: 05/08/2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Robinson
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Sarah Hetrick
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Georgina Cox
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah Bendall
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Alison Yung
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia,Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kate Templer
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Cunningham CE, Walker JR, Eastwood JD, Westra H, Rimas H, Chen Y, Marcus M, Swinson RP, Bracken K. Modeling mental health information preferences during the early adult years: a discrete choice conjoint experiment. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2014; 19:413-40. [PMID: 24266450 PMCID: PMC3996536 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2013.811324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Although most young adults with mood and anxiety disorders do not seek treatment, those who are better informed about mental health problems are more likely to use services. The authors used conjoint analysis to model strategies for providing information about anxiety and depression to young adults. Participants (N = 1,035) completed 17 choice tasks presenting combinations of 15 four-level attributes of a mental health information strategy. Latent class analysis yielded 3 segments. The virtual segment (28.7%) preferred working independently on the Internet to obtain information recommended by young adults who had experienced anxiety or depression. Self-assessment options and links to service providers were more important to this segment. Conventional participants (30.1%) preferred books or pamphlets recommended by a doctor, endorsed by mental health professionals, and used with a doctor's support. They would devote more time to information acquisition but were less likely to use Internet social networking options. Brief sources of information were more important to the low interest segment (41.2%). All segments preferred information about alternative ways to reduce anxiety or depression rather than psychological approaches or medication. Maximizing the use of information requires active and passive approaches delivered through old-media (e.g., books) and new-media (e.g., Internet) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Cunningham
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R. Walker
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - John D. Eastwood
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henny Westra
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Rimas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yvonne Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madalyn Marcus
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P. Swinson
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keyna Bracken
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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De Silva S, Parker A, Purcell R, Callahan P, Liu P, Hetrick S. Mapping the evidence of prevention and intervention studies for suicidal and self-harming behaviors in young people. CRISIS 2014; 34:223-32. [PMID: 23502058 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide and self-harm (SSH) in young people is a major cause of disability-adjusted life years. Effective interventions are of critical importance to reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with SSH. AIMS To investigate the extent and nature of research on interventions to prevent and treat SSH in young people using evidence mapping. METHOD A systematic search for SSH intervention studies was conducted (participant mean age between 6-25 years). The studies were restricted to high-quality evidence in the form of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and controlled trials. RESULTS Thirty-eight controlled studies and six systematic reviews met the study inclusion criteria. The majority (n = 32) involved psychological interventions. Few studies (n = 9) involved treating young people with recognized mental disorders or substance abuse (n = 1) which also addressed SSH. CONCLUSION The map was restricted to RCTs, CCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, and thus might have neglected important information from other study designs. The effectiveness of interventions within the trials was not evaluated. The evidence base for SSH interventions in young people is not well established, which hampers best-practice efforts in this area. Promising interventions that need further research include school-based prevention programs with a skills training component, individual CBT interventions, interpersonal psychotherapy, and attachment-based family therapy. Gaps in the research exist in evaluations of interventions for SSH in young people with identifiable psychopathology, particularly substance use disorder, and research that classifies participants on the basis of their suicidal intent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie De Silva
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and headspace Centre of Excellence, Melbourne, Australia
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Feasibility of internet-delivered mental health treatments for rural populations. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2014; 49:275-82. [PMID: 23689825 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rural populations face numerous barriers to mental health care. Although internet-delivered mental health treatments may offer an accessible and cost-effective answer to these barriers, there has been little evaluation of the feasibility of this approach among rural communities. METHODS Data were obtained from a random rural community sample through the third wave of the Australian Rural Mental Health Study. Attitudes towards internet-delivered mental health treatments and availability of internet access were explored. Data were analysed to identify sub-groups in whom internet-delivered treatments may be usefully targeted. RESULTS Twelve hundred and forty-six participants completed the survey (mean age 59 years, 61% females, 22% from remote areas). Overall, 75% had internet access and 20% would consider using internet-based interventions, with 18% meeting both of these feasibility criteria. Logistic regression revealed feasibility for internet-delivered mental health treatment was associated with younger age, male gender, being a carer, and a 12-month mental health problem. Participants who had used internet-delivered services in the past were significantly more likely to endorse these treatments as acceptable. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable potential for internet-delivered treatments to increase service accessibility to some sub-groups, particularly among people with mental health problems who are not currently seeking help. Resistance to internet treatments appears to be largely attitudinal, suggesting that enhancing community education and familiarity with such programs may be effective in improving perceptions and ultimately access.
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Dear BF, Titov N, Perry KN, Johnston L, Wootton BM, Terides MD, Rapee RM, Hudson JL. The Pain Course: a randomised controlled trial of a clinician-guided Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy program for managing chronic pain and emotional well-being. Pain 2014; 154:942-50. [PMID: 23688830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the efficacy of a clinician-guided Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT) program, the Pain Course, to reduce disability, anxiety, and depression associated with chronic pain. Sixty-three adults with chronic pain were randomised to either a Treatment Group or waitlist Control Group. Treatment consisted of 5 iCBT-based lessons, homework tasks, additional resources, weekly e-mail or telephone contact from a Clinical Psychologist, and automated e-mails. Twenty-nine of 31 Treatment Group participants completed the 5 lessons during the 8-week program, and posttreatment and 3-month follow-up data were collected from 30/31 and 29/31 participants, respectively. Treatment Group participants obtained significantly greater improvements than Control Group participants in levels of disability, anxiety, depression, and average pain levels at posttreatment. These improvements corresponded to small to large between-groups effect sizes (Cohen's d) at posttreatment for disability (d = .88), anxiety (d = .38), depression (d = .66), and average pain (d = .64), respectively. These outcomes were sustained at follow-up and participants rated the program as highly acceptable. Overall, the clinician spent a total mean time of 81.54 minutes (SD 30.91 minutes) contacting participants during the program. The results appear better than those reported in iCBT studies to date and provide support for the potential of clinician-guided iCBT in the treatment of disability, anxiety, and depression for people with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake F Dear
- The Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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Computer-based programmes for the prevention and management of illicit recreational drug use: a systematic review. Addict Behav 2014; 39:30-8. [PMID: 24144590 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The last few decades have seen increasing use of computer-based programmes to address illicit recreational drug use but knowledge about their effectiveness is limited. We conducted a systematic review to examine evidence on these programmes. Eight electronic databases were searched to identify primary research studies evaluating computer-based programmes to prevent or reduce use of illicit recreational drugs. From an initial 3413 extracted studies, 10 were identified for inclusion, covering a range of intervention types, target groups and settings. Universal drug prevention programmes were effective in reducing the frequency of recreational drug use in the mid-term (<12 months), but not immediately post intervention. Programmes targeting recreational drug users showed more inconsistent results but were generally effective in reducing use of drugs both immediately and in the mid-term. Computer-based programmes have the potential for use in addressing recreational drug use when targeted both universally and at illicit drug users, at least in the mid-term. However, longer term evaluations are needed to better understand the duration of effects. Given the benefits that computer-based programmes can have over traditional delivery methods, research is needed to better understand the value of human contact in health interventions and help inform whether, and how much, professional contact should be involved in computer-based programmes.
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Robinson J, Pirkis J. Research priorities in suicide prevention: an examination of Australian-based research 2007–11. AUST HEALTH REV 2014; 38:18-24. [DOI: 10.1071/ah13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective
Suicide prevention, including among youth, has been a national priority in Australia for some time. Yet despite this, rates of suicide, and related behaviour, remain high. The aim of this study was to review all suicide-prevention research that had been conducted in Australia between January 2007 and December 2011, with a specific emphasis on studies relating to young people, in order to determine whether or not we are prioritising the sort of research that can adequately inform policy development and guide ‘best practice’.
Methods
Data were collected from two sources. First, several electronic databases were searched in October 2012 in order to identify published journal articles relating to suicide, written by Australian authors. Second, summary data obtained from the National Health and Medical Research Council, the Australian Rotary Health Research Fund and the Australian Research Council were examined in order to identify currently funded studies that relate to suicide. Studies were then classified according to whether or not they had a focus on youth, and according to research type, type of suicide-related behaviour under investigation and method of suicide.
Results
There were 224 articles published and 12 grants funded that specifically focussed on suicide-related behaviour over the period January 2007 to December 2011. Of these, 47 articles (21%) and five funded grants (42%) focussed on young people. Youth studies, in particular those reported in the published articles, tended to be epidemiological in nature and only six of the published articles (13%) and two of the funded grants related to intervention studies.
Conclusions
Although the focus on youth is welcome, the lack of intervention studies is disappointing. Given that rates of suicide and related behaviour remain high, there is a clear need for a stronger body of intervention research that can inform national policy, if we are to successfully develop effective approaches to reducing suicide risk.
What is known about the topic?
Although the prevention of youth suicide has been a national priority for some time, rates of suicide and suicide-related behaviour remain high among young Australians. Much is known about the epidemiology of suicide; however, relatively little is known about which interventions may be effective in reducing this risk. Previous research suggests that although youth receive a reasonable amount of research attention in Australia, the majority of studies focus on epidemiological as opposed to intervention research.
What does this paper add?
This paper reviews all suicide research that has been conducted in Australia between 2007 and 2011 in order to examine how much attention is currently given to studies relating to youth, and the relative priority given to intervention and epidemiological studies. Our findings support those reported previously, which suggest that although a significant proportion of suicide research focuses on youth, relatively little attention continues to be given to intervention studies.
What are the implications for practitioners?
This paper argues that further intervention research is needed if we are to build a sufficiently strong evidence base that can effectively inform policy development and guide best practice when it comes to preventing youth suicide in Australia.
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Newman MG, Przeworski A, Consoli AJ, Taylor CB. A randomized controlled trial of ecological momentary intervention plus brief group therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 51:198-206. [PMID: 24059730 DOI: 10.1037/a0032519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Momentary intervention has been proposed as a cost-effective, generalizable, and ecologically valid method to increase the efficiency of face-to-face cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The purpose of the current pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of a six-session palmtop computer-assisted Group CBT for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (CAGT6) in comparison with a six-session Group CBT for GAD without the computer (CBGT6) and typical (12 session) Group CBT for GAD (CBGT12) in a randomized controlled trial. Thirty-four individuals with a primary diagnosis of GAD were randomized to one of the three conditions and completed measures of GAD and anxiety before therapy, after therapy, and at 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Results indicated that CAGT6 was superior to CBGT6 at posttreatment, but not significantly different from CBGT12. At 6- and 12-month follow-ups, CAGT6 was neither significantly different from CBGT6, nor from CBGT12. Percentages of individuals achieving reliable change on two of the three GAD measures favored CAGT6 over CBGT6 at posttreatment, suggesting promise for the added value of the mobile technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Przeworski
- Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University
| | | | - C Barr Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine
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Overholser JC. Technology-Assisted Psychotherapy (TAP): Adapting Computerized Treatments into Traditional Psychotherapy for Depression. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-013-9241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lauder S, Chester A, Castle D, Dodd S, Berk L, Klein B, Austin D, Gilbert M, Chamberlain JA, Murray G, White C, Piterman L, Berk M. Development of an online intervention for bipolar disorder. www.moodswings.net.au. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2013; 18:155-65. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2012.689840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Montero-Marín J, Carrasco JM, Roca M, Serrano-Blanco A, Gili M, Mayoral F, Luciano JV, Lopez-del-Hoyo Y, Olivan B, Collazo F, Araya R, Baños R, Botella C, García-Campayo J. Expectations, experiences and attitudes of patients and primary care health professionals regarding online psychotherapeutic interventions for depression: protocol for a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:64. [PMID: 23425435 PMCID: PMC3599900 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the year 2020, depression will cause the second highest amount of disability worldwide. One quarter of the population will suffer from depression symptoms at some point in their lives. Mental health services in Western countries are overburdened. Therefore, cost-effective interventions that do not involve mental health services, such as online psychotherapy programs, have been proposed. These programs demonstrate satisfactory outcomes, but the completion rate for patients is low. Health professionals' attitudes towards this type of psychotherapy are more negative than the attitudes of depressed patients themselves. The aim of this study is to describe the profile of depressed patients who would benefit most from online psychotherapy and to identify expectations, experiences, and attitudes about online psychotherapy among both patients and health professionals that can facilitate or hinder its effects. METHODS A parallel qualitative design will be used in a randomised controlled trial on the efficiency of online psychotherapeutic treatment for depression. Through interviews and focus groups, the experiences of treated patients, their reasons for abandoning the program, the expectations of untreated patients, and the attitudes of health professionals will be examined. Questions will be asked about training in new technologies, opinions of online psychotherapy, adjustment to therapy within the daily routine, the virtual and anonymous relationship with the therapist, the process of online communication, information necessary to make progress in therapy, process of working with the program, motivations and attitudes about treatment, expected consequences, normalisation of this type of therapy in primary care, changes in the physician-patient relationship, and resources and risks. A thematic content analysis from the grounded theory for interviews and an analysis of the discursive positions of participants based on the sociological model for focus groups will be performed. DISCUSSION Knowledge of the expectations, experiences, and attitudes of both patients and medical personnel regarding online interventions for depression can facilitate the implementation of this new psychotherapeutic tool. This qualitative investigation will provide thorough knowledge of the perceptions, beliefs, and values of patients and clinicians, which will be very useful for understanding how to implement this intervention method for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Montero-Marín
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain,Faculty of Health and Sports, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Roca
- Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antoni Serrano-Blanco
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, and Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margalida Gili
- Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Fermin Mayoral
- Psychiatric Service, University Hospital Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan V Luciano
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, and Fundación Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Barbara Olivan
- Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Collazo
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Araya
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rosa Baños
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Botella
- Jaume I University, Castellón, Spain,CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain,Psychiatry Service, Miguel Servet Hospital, Avda Gomez Laguna 52, 4D 50.009, Zaragoza, Spain
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Carter FA, Bell CJ, Colhoun HC. Suitability and acceptability of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2013; 47:142-52. [PMID: 23047956 DOI: 10.1177/0004867412461384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the suitability and acceptability of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy (CCBT). METHOD Participants were patients who had been referred to a secondary care service in the usual manner, and then offered participation in a randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy of CCBT with a control condition (waitlist) for patients with a current primary diagnosis of generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder or social phobia. Data were collected regarding the recruitment and retention of patients, and patient ratings (anchored Likert scales) of treatment credibility, treatment satisfaction, treatment acceptability and telephone support. RESULTS A total of 1141 referrals were received by the secondary care service. Of the 1141, 748 (66%) were not suitable for the study, 178 (16%) declined to participate and 127 (11%) were not contactable. Therefore, of the 1141 patients referred to the secondary care service, only 88 patients (8%) were eligible and consenting for the study. The single most common reason for patients not being suitable for the study was that the referral was urgent. In a clinical setting where CCBT could be used alongside clinical management, many of these patients may have been suitable for CCBT. Of the patients randomised to treatment (n = 40), 65% completed treatment. Drop-out rates were not significantly different across diagnostic groups. The single most commonly cited reason for not completing treatment was 'too busy'. Patient ratings of treatment were typically favourable (credibility, satisfaction, acceptability and telephone support). CONCLUSIONS CCBT was typically rated favourably by patients referred to a secondary care service and randomised to treatment. However, only a small minority of patients was eligible and consenting for the trial. Therefore, while CCBT may be an acceptable treatment, its suitability for secondary care settings remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances A Carter
- Clinical Research Unit, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Low intensity vs. self-guided internet-delivered psychotherapy for major depression: a multicenter, controlled, randomized study. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:21. [PMID: 23312003 PMCID: PMC3626601 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression will become the second most important cause of disability in 2020. Computerized cognitive-behaviour therapy could be an efficacious and cost-effective option for its treatment. No studies on cost-effectiveness of low intensity vs self-guided psychotherapy has been carried out. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of low intensity vs self-guided psychotherapy for major depression in the Spanish health system. METHODS The study is made up of 3 phases: 1.- Development of a computerized cognitive-behaviour therapy for depression tailored to Spanish health system. 2.- Multicenter controlled, randomized study: A sample (N=450 patients) with mild/moderate depression recruited in primary care. They should have internet availability at home, not receive any previous psychological treatment, and not suffer from any other severe somatic or psychological disorder. They will be allocated to one of 3 treatments: a) Low intensity Internet-delivered psychotherapy + improved treatment as usual (ITAU) by GP, b) Self-guided Internet-delivered psychotherapy + ITAU or c) ITAU. Patients will be diagnosed with MINI psychiatric interview. Main outcome variable will be Beck Depression Inventory. It will be also administered EuroQol 5D (quality of life) and Client Service Receipt Inventory (consume of health and social services). Patients will be assessed at baseline, 3 and 12 months. An intention to treat and a per protocol analysis will be performed. DISCUSSION The comparisons between low intensity and self-guided are infrequent, and also a comparative economic evaluation between them and compared with usual treatment in primary. The strength of the study is that it is a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of low intensity and self-guided Internet-delivered psychotherapy for depression in primary care, being the treatment completely integrated in primary care setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials NCT01611818.
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Champion KE, Newton NC, Barrett EL, Teesson M. A systematic review of school-based alcohol and other drug prevention programs facilitated by computers or the internet. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012; 32:115-23. [PMID: 23039085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ISSUES The use of alcohol and drugs amongst young people is a serious concern and the need for effective prevention is clear. This paper identifies and describes current school-based alcohol and other drug prevention programs facilitated by computers or the Internet. APPROACH The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and PubMed databases were searched in March 2012. Additional materials were obtained from reference lists of papers. Studies were included if they described an Internet- or computer-based prevention program for alcohol or other drugs delivered in schools. KEY FINDINGS Twelve trials of 10 programs were identified. Seven trials evaluated Internet-based programs and five delivered an intervention via CD-ROM. The interventions targeted alcohol, cannabis and tobacco. Data to calculate effect size and odds ratios were unavailable for three programs. Of the seven programs with available data, six achieved reductions in alcohol, cannabis or tobacco use at post intervention and/or follow up. Two interventions were associated with decreased intentions to use tobacco, and two significantly increased alcohol and drug-related knowledge. CONCLUSION This is the first study to review the efficacy of school-based drug and alcohol prevention programs delivered online or via computers. Findings indicate that existing computer- and Internet-based prevention programs in schools have the potential to reduce alcohol and other drug use as well as intentions to use substances in the future. These findings, together with the implementation advantages and high fidelity associated with new technology, suggest that programs facilitated by computers and the Internet offer a promising delivery method for school-based prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina E Champion
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Cheng SK, Dizon J. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2012; 81:206-16. [PMID: 22585048 DOI: 10.1159/000335379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT) is an innovative mode of delivering services to patients with psychological disorders. The present paper uses a meta-analysis to systematically review and evaluate the effectiveness of CCBT for insomnia (CCBT-I). METHOD A comprehensive search was conducted on 7 databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Social Sciences Citation Index and PubMed (up to March 2011). Search terms covered 3 concepts: (1) [internet, web, online, computer-aided, computer-assisted, computer-guided, computerized OR computerised] AND (2) [CBT, cognitive therapy, behavio(u)ral therapy OR behavio(u)r therapy] AND (3) [insomnia, sleep disorders OR sleeping problem]. RESULTS 533 potentially relevant papers were identified, and 6 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that met the selection criteria were included in the review and analysis. Two RCTs were done by the same group of investigators (Ritterband and colleagues) using the same internet programmes. Post-treatment mean differences between groups showed that the effects of CCBT-I on sleep quality, sleep efficiency, the number of awakenings, sleep onset latency and the Insomnia Severity Index were significant, ranging from small to large effect sizes. However, effects on wake time after sleep onset, total sleep time and time in bed were non-significant. On average, the number needed to treat was 3.59. The treatment adherence rate for CCBT-I was high (78%). CONCLUSION The results lend support to CCBT as a mildly to moderately effective self-help therapy in the short run for insomnia. CCBT-I can be an acceptable form of low-intensity treatment in the stepped care model for insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy K Cheng
- Clinical Psychology Service, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Abstract
Depression impacts 9.4% of the adult population in the United States, and it is known to impact work performance. Nurses with depression are not only likely to suffer themselves, but their illness may have an impact on their coworkers and potentially the quality of care they provide. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression in a random sample of hospital-employed nurses to determine individual and workplace characteristics that are associated with depression. A cross-sectional survey design of 1171 registered nurses was used. Measures included individual characteristics, workplace characteristics, work productivity, and depression (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire). Data analysis demonstrated a depressive symptom rate of 18%. The linear regression model accounted for 60.6% of the variation in the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scores. Body mass index, job satisfaction, number of health problems, mental well-being, and health-related productivity had significant relationships with depression (P < .05). Hospital-employed nurses have higher rates of depressive symptoms than national norms. Advanced practice nurses can assist with educating nurses on recognizing depression and confidential interventions, including the use of computerized cognitive-based therapy.
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Bell CJ, Colhoun HC, Carter FA, Frampton CM. Effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2012; 46:630-40. [PMID: 22327097 DOI: 10.1177/0004867412437345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy (CCBT) with a wait list control (WLC) for the treatment of patients with an anxiety disorder (social phobia, panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder) referred to a specialist, publically funded, outpatient anxiety service. METHOD Patients with social phobia (n = 37), panic disorder (n = 32) or generalised anxiety disorder (n = 14) were randomised to treatment with either CCBT (n = 40) or WLC (n = 43). Self-report rating scale assessments were conducted at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. RESULTS Compared with WLC, the CCBT group improved significantly on approximately half of the self-report primary (the Work and Social Adjustment Scale) and approximately half of the secondary measures at both 12 and 24 weeks (the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, the Generalised Anxiety inventory and the Fear Questionnaire). Effect sizes in this study were moderate. CONCLUSION This is one of the few studies to investigate CCBT for anxiety disorders in patients in a secondary care service. The results show that CCBT in this secondary care setting has the potential to be beneficial and confirms and extends the findings from previous studies of self-referral or primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Bell
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Investigating trajectories of change in psychological distress amongst patients with depression and generalised anxiety disorder treated with internet cognitive behavioural therapy. Behav Res Ther 2012; 50:374-80. [PMID: 22498311 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Barazzone N, Cavanagh K, Richards DA. Computerized cognitive behavioural therapy and the therapeutic alliance: A qualitative enquiry. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 51:396-417. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.2012.02035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Migliorini C, Tonge B, Sinclair A. Developing and PilotingePACT: A Flexible Psychological Treatment for Depression in People Living With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2012. [DOI: 10.1375/bech.28.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAccessibility, stigma and adverse effects of self-reliance can hinder the receipt of psychological treatments, especially in people living with chronic illness or disability. The aim of this study was to develop and pilot a flexible online psychological treatment using CBT and positive-psychology based techniques, for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who also lived with depression or both depression and anxiety. A multiple case study approach provided in-principle evidence of the acceptability of the Electronic Personal Administration of Cognitive Therapy:ePACT. Three adults living with SCI completed pre- and post-intervention interviews and multiple modules ofePACT. The interviews used the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID/-N/P) for diagnosis and the standardised survey instruments: Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale — short version (DASS-21), Personal Wellbeing Index 4th edition (PWI) and the Spinal Cord Lesion Emotional Wellbeing Questionnaire (SCL EWQ v1 Australia). The results indicated that the online program was acceptable, and they all showed some improvement in symptoms. All participants indicated that they would not have sought face-to-face therapy for reasons of access and stigma. They all had a strong sense of independence and felt this would have been questioned if they sought therapy.
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Abstract
AbstractObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is an important mental health problem. The Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing estimates the 12-month prevalence of OCD is 1.9% (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007). Individuals with OCD experience considerable impairment in daily functioning. Cognitive and behavioural therapy for OCD has been shown to be effective, however, accessibility to evidence based treatments is limited in Australia, especially for those living in rural and remote communities. Treatment delivered in a remote fashion may improve accessibility to such treatments. The present review aimed to evaluate the current status of evidence based treatments for OCD delivered remotely.
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