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Luo P, Wang Z, Su C, Li H, Zhang H, Huang Y, Chen W. Chicken GLUT4 undergoes complex alternative splicing events and its expression in striated muscle changes dramatically during development. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102403. [PMID: 36584419 PMCID: PMC9827075 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporter protein 4 (GLUT4) plays an important role in regulating insulin-mediated glucose homeostasis in mammals. Until now, studies on GLUT4 have focused on mammals mostly, while chicken GLUT4 has been rarely investigated. In this study, chicken GLUT4 mRNA sequences were obtained by combining conventional amplification, 5'- and 3'- rapid amplification of cDNA ends technique (RACE), then bioinformatics analysis on its genomic structure, splicing pattern, subcellular localization prediction and homologous comparisons were carried out. In addition, the distribution of GLUT4 was detected by RT-qPCR in bird's liver and striated muscles (cardiac muscle, pectoralis and leg muscle) at different ages, including embryonic day 14 (E14), E19, 7-day-old (D7), D21 and D49 (n = 3-4). Results showed that chicken GLUT4 gene produced at least 14 transcripts (GenBank accession No: OP491293-OP491306) through alternative splicing and polyadenylation, which predicted encoding 12 types of amino acid (AA) sequences (with length ranged from 65 AA to 519 AA). These proteins contain typical major facilitator superfamily domain of glucose transporters with length variations, sharing a common sequence of 59 AA, and were predicted to have distinct subcellular localization. The dominant transcript (named as T1) consists of 11 exons with an open reading frame being predicted encoding 519 AA. In addition, analyzing on the spatio-temporal expression of chicken GLUT4 showed it dominantly expressed in pectoralis, leg muscles and cardiac muscle, and the mRNA level of chicken GLUT4 dramatically fluctuated with birds' development in cardiac muscle, pectoralis and leg muscles, with the level at D21 significantly higher than that at E14, E19, and D49 (P < 0.05). These data indicated that chicken GLUT4 undergoes complex alternative splicing events, and GLUT4 expression level in striated muscle was subjected to dynamic regulation with birds' development. Results indicate these isoforms may play overlapping and distinct roles in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanqun Huang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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2
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Mohebbifar A, Torki M, Abdolmohammadi A. Influence of dietary supplemental guanidinoacetic acid on performance, haematological parameters, carcass characteristics and enzyme activities in male broilers with cold-induced ascites. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2089150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mohebbifar
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehran Torki
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdolmohammadi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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3
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Fathi M, Tanha T, Saeedyan S. Influence of dietary lycopene on growth performance, antioxidant status, blood parameters and mortality in broiler chicken with cold-induced ascites. Arch Anim Nutr 2022; 76:50-60. [PMID: 35255752 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2022.2046451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary lycopene supplementation on growth performance and antioxidant status of broiler chickens exposed to cold environment to induce ascites. Three hundred male chickens were exposed full-day to cold stress (CT, 10°C) starting from day 15 of age until the end of experiment at day 42, while a positive control group (NT, 100 birds) was kept under normal temperature (23-25°C). The CT groups (three treatments and five replicates of 20 birds) were as follows: negative control (basal diet, CT) and CT + 200 or 400 mg lycopene per kg diet from 15 to 42 d of age. Results showed that CT without lycopene supplementation caused a reduction of feed intake and weight gain and increased the feed conversion ratio. Supplementation of lycopene during CT restored the performance to levels of the positive control, lowered the index of right ventricles/total ventricles and ascites mortality. Birds reared under CT had lower serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and higher malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration than birds reared under the NT environment. With lycopene supplementation, serum MDA level significantly decreased and the activity of SOD and GPx increased. Blood concentration of haematocrit, haemoglobin and red blood cells were decreased by the highest lycopene supplementation to a level comparable to NT. Moreover, increasing dietary lycopene level suppressed serum concentrations of cholesterol and enhanced high-density lipoproteins levels in blood. In conclusion, lycopene supplementation alleviates adverse effects of cold stress on performance through modulating activity of antioxidant enzymes in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Fathi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Timour Tanha
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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Ghasemi-Sadabadi M, Ebrahimnezhad Y, Maheri-Sis N, Ghalehkandi JG, Shaddel-Teli A. Immune response and antioxidant status of broilers as influenced by oxidized vegetable oil and pomegranate peel. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1034-1063. [PMID: 34796346 PMCID: PMC8564296 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was designed as a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, including (i) pomegranate peel (zero, 4%, and 8 percent), (ii) oxidized soybean oil (zero, 2%, and 4 percent), and (iii) alpha-tocopherol (zero and 200 mg/kg). Supplementation of 8% pomegranate peel in diets significantly decreased the growth performance of broiler chickens. The supplementation of 4% oxidized oil in diets significantly reduced body weight gain and Feed intake whole experimental period (p < 0.05). The results showed that supplementation of 4% pomegranate peel in the diet was associated with low aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase, and malondialdehyde (MDA). However, 4% pomegranate peel increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. The supplemental 4% oxidized oil increased the serum AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and MDA concentrations. TAC, SOD, and Catalase (CAT) activities were affected by 4% oxidized oil and alpha-tocopherol. The use of oxidized oil and vitamin E decreased MDA concentration. The serum glucose and globulin concentrations were significantly lower in the 8% pomegranate peel. The results showed that supplementation with 4% pomegranate peel in diets reduced serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The inclusion of 4% oxidized oil in diets reduced serum glucose and increased the blood lipid concentration such as triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL. Vitamin E supplementation reduced the serum cholesterol and LDL concentrations. The use of 8% pomegranate peel reduced red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, and packed cell value (PCV). The results indicated that supplementation with 8% pomegranate peel and 4% oxidized oil in diets decreased the immunoglobulin concentration in broilers. In addition, it was found that the inclusion of 4% pomegranate peel in diets resulted in higher IgG, IgM and total immunoglobulin. Pomegranate peel supplementation significantly decreased meat MDA concentration. Supplementation of 4% oxidized oil increased MDA of meat (p < 0.05). Vitamin E supplementation (200 mg/kg) significantly decreased MDA of meat (p < 0.05). Consequently, the results of this experiment showed that supplementation with 4% pomegranate peel had beneficial effects on broiler chickens. It was also found that feeding 2% oxidized oil in diets had no adverse effect on broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghasemi-Sadabadi
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Yahya Ebrahimnezhad
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Naser Maheri-Sis
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Jamshid Ghiasi Ghalehkandi
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Abdolahad Shaddel-Teli
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
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Ecological effects on female bill colour explain plastic sexual dichromatism in a mutually-ornamented bird. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14970. [PMID: 34294752 PMCID: PMC8298529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in ornamentation are common and, in species with conventional sex roles, are generally thought of as stable, due to stronger sexual selection on males. Yet, especially in gregarious species, ornaments can also have non-sexual social functions, raising the possibility that observed sex differences in ornamentation are plastic. For example, females may invest in costly ornamentation more plastically, to protect body and reproductive ability in more adverse ecological conditions. We tested this hypothesis with experimental work on the mutually-ornamented common waxbill (Estrilda astrild), supplementing their diets either with pigmentary (lutein, a carotenoid) or non-pigmentary (vitamin E) antioxidants, or alleviating winter cold temperature. We found that both lutein and vitamin E supplementation increased red bill colour saturation in females, reaching the same mean saturation as males, which supports the hypothesis that female bill colour is more sensitive to environmental or physiological conditions. The effect of vitamin E, a non-pigment antioxidant, suggests that carotenoids were released from their antioxidant functions. Alleviating winter cold did not increase bill colour saturation in either sex, but increased the stability of female bill colour over time, suggesting that female investment in bill colour is sensitive to cold-mediated stress. Together, results show that waxbill bill sexual dichromatism is not stable. Instead, sexual dichromatism can be modulated, and even disappear completely, due to ecology-mediated plastic adjustments in female bill colour.
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Abolfathi ME, Tabeidian SA, Foroozandeh Shahraki AD, Tabatabaei SN, Habibian M. Ethanol extract of elecampane (Inula helenium L.) rhizome attenuates experimental cold-induced ascites (pulmonary hypertension syndrome) in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ghasemi-Sadabadi M, Veldkamp T, van Krimpen M, Ebrahimnezhad Y, Ghalehkandi JG, Salehi A, Didehvar M, Khodaei M, Mehdizadeh A. Determining tolerance of Japanese quail to different dietary fat peroxidation values by supplementation with Rosemary and Aloe Vera on performance and meat quality. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Dennis IC, Abeyesinghe SM, Demmers TGM. The behaviour of commercial broilers in response to a mobile robot. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:483-492. [PMID: 32316749 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1759785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Modern broiler production in large sheds holding upwards of 50 000 birds uses indoor climate control based on a handful of fixed-location sensors, often well above the bird-occupied zone. Significant deviations from optimal climate conditions for the birds are common, but installing a higher-density grid of fixed sensors is not cost effective. A robotic platform, moving through the flock of birds and collecting detailed spacial information on a wide range of climate parameters at bird level, enables accurate decisions to be made to optimise the climate in large sheds being made in real time. 2. A preliminary study investigated the feasibility of running a mobile robotic platform among a flock of broiler chickens for an entire 6-week cycle. Bird behaviour in response to the robot was studied. 3. In total, 1597 Ross 308 broiler chicks were housed in a room that was set up to replicate a commercial environment. The robot was driven along a fixed route three times a day (Monday-Friday) for the whole cycle under manual control. Behaviour was studied using camera footage. 4. The birds showed very little 'startled' behaviour in response to the robot and were quick to fill the area behind the robot as it moved past. Activity levels increased during robot runs but to a lesser extent than during walk-through by a human stockman. The challenges of operating the robot changed as the birds grew, with many individuals coming into physical contact with the front of the robot later in the cycle. Despite this, very few birds refused to move out of the way completely, and mortality and production parameters remained acceptable throughout. 5. This study has shown that running a mobile robot among a flock of broiler chickens is possible between 3 and 37 d in a cycle and causes limited disruption to bird behaviour. Future work needs to repeat this trial on multiple flocks to see whether running a mobile robot among the broilers can be achieved in a commercial setting, with limited disruption to bird behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Dennis
- Pathology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , Hertfordshire, UK
| | - S M Abeyesinghe
- Pathology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , Hertfordshire, UK
| | - T G M Demmers
- Pathology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , Hertfordshire, UK
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Zhang X, Wang T, Ji J, Wang H, Zhu X, Du P, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Chen W. The distinct spatiotemporal distribution and effect of feed restriction on mtDNA copy number in broilers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3240. [PMID: 32094402 PMCID: PMC7039872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number reflects the abundance of mitochondria in cells and is dependent on the energy requirements of tissues. We hypothesized that the mtDNA copy number in poultry may change with age and tissue, and feed restriction may affect the growth and health of poultry by changing mtDNA content in a tissue-specific pattern. TaqMan real-time PCR was used to quantify mtDNA copy number using three different segments of the mitochondrial genome (D-loop, ATP6, and ND6) relative to the nuclear single-copy preproglucagon gene (GCG). The effect of sex, age, and dietary restriction (quantitative, energy, and protein restriction) on mtDNA copy number variation in the tissues of broilers was investigated. We found that mtDNA copy number varied among tissues (P < 0.01) and presented a distinct change in spatiotemporal pattern. After hatching, the number of mtDNA copies significantly decreased with age in the liver and increased in muscle tissues, including heart, pectoralis, and leg muscles. Newborn broilers (unfed) and embryos (E 11 and E 17) had similar mtDNA contents in muscle tissues. Among 42 d broilers, females had a higher mtDNA copy number than males in the tissues examined. Feed restriction (8-21 d) significantly reduced the body weight but did not significantly change the mtDNA copy number of 21 d broilers. After three weeks of compensatory growth (22-42 d), only the body weight of broilers with a quantitatively restricted diet remained significantly lower than that of broilers in the control group (P < 0.05), while any type of early feed restriction significantly reduced the mtDNA copy number in muscle tissues of 42 d broilers. In summary, the mtDNA copy number of broilers was regulated in a tissue- and age-specific manner. A similar pattern of spatiotemporal change in response to early feed restriction was found in the mtDNA content of muscle tissues, including cardiac and skeletal muscle, whereas liver mtDNA content changed differently with age and dietary restriction. It seems that early restrictions in feed could effectively lower the mtDNA content in muscle cells to reduce the tissue overload in broilers at 42 d to some degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Zhang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Jiefei Ji
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Huanjie Wang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Xinghao Zhu
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Du
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhu
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yanqun Huang
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, P.R. China
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Abdel-Razek N, Awad SM, Abdel-Tawwab M. Effect of dietary purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) leaves powder on growth, immunostimulation, and protection of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1907-1917. [PMID: 31350647 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of inclusion of dried powder of purslane, Portulaca oleracea, leaves in diets on growth, antioxidant, and immunological responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, as well as its resistance to pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila. Fresh leaves of purslane were collected, dried, and mixed thoroughly with a basal fish diet at levels of 0.0 (control), 1.0, 2.0, and 3%. Fish (18.2 ± 0.4 g) fed one of the experimental diets up to apparent satiation twice a day for 7 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish were intraperitoneally injected with pathogenic bacteria, A. hydrophila, and fish mortalities were observed and recorded up to 10 days post-challenge. Fish growth, weight gain, and specific growth rate were retarded significantly with increasing purslane levels in fish diets as compared to the control group. On the other hand, significant (P < 0.05) increases in plasmatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities accompanied with significant decreases in malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed with increasing purslane levels in fish diets. The respiratory burst (RB) activity and lysozyme value were significantly enhanced, while nitrous oxide (NO) decreased significantly with increasing purslane levels in fish diets over those of the control fish. After 10 days of the bacterial infection, no significant changes of MDA and SOD levels were observed, whereas CAT and GPX activities were significantly elevated. Additionally, RB and lysozyme activities were lower, while NO levels were elevated more than those before bacterial infection. Fish survival before and after bacterial infection was significantly affected by dietary purslane supplements, bacterial infection, and their interaction where dietary purslane improved the fish resistance to A. hydrophila infection in a dose-dependent manner. Purslane-fed fish showed highest relative percent of survival especially at an inclusion level of 3% (81.25%), whereas the control fish group showed lowest relative percent of survival (0.0%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Abdel-Razek
- Department of Fish Health and Management, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44662, Egypt
| | - Somayah M Awad
- Department of Fish Health and Management, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44662, Egypt
| | - Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44662, Egypt.
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Cooper-Mullin C, Carter WA, McWilliams SR. Acute effects of intense exercise on the antioxidant system in birds: does exercise training help? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.210443. [PMID: 31511346 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.210443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The acute effects of an energy-intensive activity such as exercise may alter an animal's redox homeostasis, although these short-term effects may be ameliorated by chronic exposure to that activity, or training, over time. Although well documented in mammals, how energy-intensive training affects the antioxidant system and damage by reactive species has not been investigated fully in flight-trained birds. We examined changes to redox homeostasis in zebra finches exposed to energy-intensive activity (60 min of perch-to-perch flights twice a day), and how exercise training over many weeks affected this response. We measured multiple components of the antioxidant system: an enzymatic antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase, GPx) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (measured by the OXY-adsorbent test) as well as a measure of oxidative damage (d-ROMs). At no point during the experiment did oxidative damage change. We discovered that exposure to energy-intensive exercise training did not alter baseline levels of GPx, but induced exercise-trained birds to maintain a higher non-enzymatic antioxidant status as compared with untrained birds. GPx activity was elevated above baseline in trained birds immediately after completion of the second 1 h flight on each of the three sampling days, and non-enzymatic antioxidants were acutely depleted during flight after 13 and 44 days of training. The primary effect of exercise training on the acute response of the antioxidant system to 2 h flights was increased coordination between the enzymatic (GPx) and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant system of birds that reduced oxidative damage associated with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Cooper-Mullin
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Wales A Carter
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Scott R McWilliams
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Shao FJ, Ying YT, Tan X, Zhang QY, Liao WT. Metabonomics Profiling Reveals Biochemical Pathways Associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Broiler Chickens. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3445-3453. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jin Shao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tian Ying
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xun Tan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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Miao Z, Zhang G, Zhang J, Li J, Yang Y. Effect of early dietary energy restriction and phosphorus level on subsequent growth performance, intestinal phosphate transport, and AMPK activity in young broilers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186828. [PMID: 29240752 PMCID: PMC5730151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effect of low dietary energy on intestinal phosphate transport and the possible underlying mechanism to explain the long-term effects of early dietary energy restriction and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP). A 2 × 3 factorial experiment, consisting of 2 energy levels and 3 NPP levels, was conducted. Broiler growth performance, intestinal morphology in 0–21 days and 22–35 days, type IIb sodium-phosphate co-transporter (NaPi-IIb) mRNA expression, adenylate purine concentrations in the duodenum, and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK-α) activity in 0–21 days were determined. The following results were obtained. (1) Low dietary energy (LE) induced a high feed conversion ratio (FCR) and significantly decreased body weight gain in young broilers, but LE induced significantly higher compensatory growth in low NPP (LP) groups than in the high or medium NPP groups (HP and MP). (2) LE decreased the villus height (VH) in the intestine, and LE-HP resulted in the lowest crypt depth (CD) and the highest VH:CD ratio in the initial phase. However, in the later period, the LE-LP group showed an increased VH:CD ratio and decreased CD in the intestine. (3) LE increased ATP synthesis and decreased AMP:ATP ratio in the duodenal mucosa of chickens in 0–21 days, and LP diet increased ATP synthesis and adenylate energy charges but decreased AMP production and AMP:ATP ratio. (4) LE led to weaker AMPK phosphorylation, higher mTOR phosphorylation, and higher NaPi-IIb mRNA expression. Thus, LE and LP in the early growth phase had significant compensatory and interactive effect on later growth and intestinal development in broilers. The effect might be relevant to energy status that LE leads to weaker AMPK phosphorylation, causing a lower inhibitory action toward mTOR phosphorylation. This series of events stimulates NaPi-IIb mRNA expression. Our findings provide a theoretical basis and a new perspective on intestinal phosphate transport regulation, with potential applications in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Miao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Guixian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Junzhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (JHL)
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (JHL)
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Habibian M, Sadeghi G, Karimi A. Effects of purslane (<i>Portulaca oleracea</i> L.) powder on growth performance, blood indices, and antioxidant status in broiler chickens with triiodothyronine-induced ascites. Arch Anim Breed 2017. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-60-315-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of purslane powder (PP) on performance, blood indices, and antioxidant status in broilers with triiodothyronine (T3)-induced ascites. In total, 240 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to four treatments, with four replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. The experimental diets included (i) a control diet, (ii) a control diet plus 1.5 mg kg−1 of T3 (T3 diet), (iii) a T3 diet with the addition of 1.5 g kg−1 of PP, and (iv) a T3 diet with the addition of 3 g kg−1 of PP. Feed intake and body weight were measured at 10, 24, 39, and 49 days of experiment. Blood and liver samples were collected from two birds in each replicate at 24 and 49 days of experiment. The T3-treated birds had higher (P < 0. 05) right ventricle to total ventricle (RV ∕ TV) ratio and mortality due to ascites compared with the control. In addition, during the entire experimental period (0 to 49 days of experiment) the T3-treated birds had lower (P < 0. 05) feed intake, body weight gain, and production efficiency index and higher (P < 0. 05) feed conversion ratio compared with the control. Dietary supplementation of PP reduced (P < 0. 05) mortality due to ascites and RV ∕ TV ratio, while the production efficiency index was increased (P < 0. 05) by the addition of PP to the diet. The T3-treated birds had higher (P < 0. 05) red blood cell counts, hematocrit percentage, and hemoglobin concentration compared with the control at 24 and 49 days of experiment. Dietary supplementation of PP substantially alleviated (P < 0. 05) the negative effects of T3 on hematocrit and hemoglobin values at both 24 and 49 days of experiment and on red blood cells counts at 49 days of experiment. The T3 birds showed an increase (P < 0. 05) in activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase at 49 days of experiment. However, the detrimental effect of T3 on alanine aminotransferase activity was attenuated (P < 0. 05) by dietary supplementation of PP. The plasma and liver activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were lower (P < 0. 05) in T3-treated birds compared with the control at 24 and 49 days of experiment, whereas malondialdehyde concentrations were elevated (P < 0. 05) by dietary T3 administration. Dietary supplementation of PP, especially at 3 g kg−1, increased (P < 0. 05) the plasma and liver activities of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced (P < 0. 05) the plasma and liver concentrations of malondialdehyde near to the control levels. It is concluded that the supplementation of 3 g kg−1 of PP in diet improves oxidative status and reduces ascites incidence in broiler chickens without impairing their growth performance.
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Gene Expression Profiling of Broiler Liver under Cold Stress by High-Throughput Sequencing Technology. J Poult Sci 2017; 54:185-196. [PMID: 32908425 PMCID: PMC7477217 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0160142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is a major environmental factor restricting the sustainable development of animal husbandry. To gain insight into the gene-regulation processes in broilers under cold stress, gene expression profiling was conducted using high-throughput Solexa sequencing of broiler liver tissue under cold stress conditions and control conditions. According to Solexa sequencing, we identified 255 genes whose expression levels differed between the treatment and control group. Under cold stress, 135 genes were up-regulated and 120 genes were down-regulated genes compared with levels in the control group. Moreover, 469 genes were expressed only in the control group, and 172 genes were expressed only in the treatment group. These data were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in material metabolism and immune functions. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, insulin signaling pathway and others. In conclusion, these results may serve as an important reference for broiler breeding and provide new clues for the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of cold stress.
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Blajman JE, Olivero CA, Fusari ML, Zimmermann JA, Rossler E, Berisvil AP, Romero Scharpen A, Astesana DM, Soto LP, Signorini ML, Zbrun MV, Frizzo LS. Impact of lyophilized Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV 001P administration on growth performance, microbial translocation, and gastrointestinal microbiota of broilers reared under low ambient temperature. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:388-394. [PMID: 28743079 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken with the aim of investigating the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic strain Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV 001P on growth performance, microbial translocation, and gastrointestinal microbiota of broilers reared under low ambient temperature. Two hundred and forty, one-day-old male Cobb broilers were randomly distributed into two treatment groups, a probiotic group and a control group, with four replicates per treatment and 30 broilers per replicate. The temperature of the broiler house was maintained at 18-22°C during the first three weeks, after which the temperature was at range of 8°C to 12°C. The results showed that probiotic treatment significantly improved body weight of broilers when compared with the control group. After 42days, the weight means were 2905±365.4g and 2724±427.0g, respectively. Although there were no significant differences, dietary inclusion of L. salivarius tended to increase feed intake and to reduce feed conversion ratio during the six-week experimental period. Similarly, supplementation tended to reduce the rate of mortality, with 12 deaths occurring in the probiotic group, and 20 in the control group. However, no differences were observed in intestinal bacterial concentrations of Enterobacteriaceae, E.coli, and lactic acid bacteria in both crop and caecum among treatments. Through our study, it appears that L. salivarius DSPV 001P was non-pathogenic, safe and beneficial to broilers, which implies that it could be a promising feed additive, thus enhancing the growth performance of broilers and improving their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Blajman
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science of the Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - C A Olivero
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science of the Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M L Fusari
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Litoral (UNL), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J A Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science of the Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E Rossler
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science of the Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A P Berisvil
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science of the Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A Romero Scharpen
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science of the Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - D M Astesana
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science of the Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L P Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science of the Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Litoral (UNL), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M L Signorini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Litoral (UNL), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; National Institute of Agricultural Technology EEA Rafaela, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ruta 34 Km 227 (2300), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M V Zbrun
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science of the Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Litoral (UNL), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L S Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science of the Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Litoral (UNL), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Yang GL, Zhang KY, Ding XM, Zheng P, Luo YH, Bai SP, Wang JP, Xuan Y, Su ZW, Zeng QF. Effects of dietary DL-2-hydroxy-4(methylthio)butanoic acid supplementation on growth performance, indices of ascites syndrome, and antioxidant capacity of broilers reared at low ambient temperature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2016; 60:1193-1203. [PMID: 26732578 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of dietary DL-2-hydroxy-4(methylthio)butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA) supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and ascites syndrome (AS) in broilers reared at low ambient temperature (LAT) from 7 to 28 days of age. Eight hundred 7-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to two ambient temperatures (LAT and normal ambient temperature [NAT]), four supplemental DL-HMTBA levels (0.17, 0.34, 0.51, and 0.68 %) of the basal diet in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (ten replicate pens; ten birds/pen). LAT and NAT indicate temperatures of 12-14 and 24-26 °C in two chambers, respectively, and broilers were reared at these temperatures from 7 to 28 days of age. LAT significantly decreased body weight gain (P < 0.001), serum glutathione (GSH) content (day 14, P = 0.02; day 28, P = 0.045), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) at 21 days (P = 0.001, 0.015) and 28 days (P = 0.017, 0.010) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.001), serum malondialdehyde (day 21, P = 0.000) and protein carbonyl Level (day 14, P = 0.003; day 21, P = 0.035). As for incidence of AS, there were significant effects of LAT on red blood cell (RBC) count (P < 0.05), hematocrit (HCT) (P < 0.05), and the right to total ventricular weight ratio (RV/TV) at 21 days (P = 0.012) and 28 days (P = 0.046). Supplementation of DL-HMTBA markedly decreased RV/TV at day 28 (P = 0.021), RBC (day 21, P = 0.008), HCT (day 21, P < 0.001), mean cell hemoglobin (day 14, P = 0.035; day 21, P = 0.003), and serum protein carbonyl level (day 21, P = 0.009), while significantly increased serum GSH content (day 14, P = 0.022; day 28, P = 0.001), SOD and GSH-Px activities at 21 days of age (P < 0.001 and P = 0.037). The optimal supplemental DL-HMTBA levels in basal diet of broilers aged from 7 to 28 days under low or normal temperatures were similar, so the authors recommended supplemental of DL-HMTBA level was 0.46 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - K Y Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - X M Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - P Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Y H Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - S P Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - J P Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Y Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Z W Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Q F Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Fleming DS, Koltes JE, Markey AD, Schmidt CJ, Ashwell CM, Rothschild MF, Persia ME, Reecy JM, Lamont SJ. Genomic analysis of Ugandan and Rwandan chicken ecotypes using a 600 k genotyping array. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:407. [PMID: 27230772 PMCID: PMC4882793 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Indigenous populations of animals have developed unique adaptations to their local environments, which may include factors such as response to thermal stress, drought, pathogens and suboptimal nutrition. The survival and subsequent evolution within these local environments can be the result of both natural and artificial selection driving the acquisition of favorable traits, which over time leave genomic signatures in a population. This study’s goals are to characterize genomic diversity and identify selection signatures in chickens from equatorial Africa to identify genomic regions that may confer adaptive advantages of these ecotypes to their environments. Results Indigenous chickens from Uganda (n = 72) and Rwanda (n = 100), plus Kuroilers (n = 24, an Indian breed imported to Africa), were genotyped using the Axiom® 600 k Chicken Genotyping Array. Indigenous ecotypes were defined based upon location of sampling within Africa. The results revealed the presence of admixture among the Ugandan, Rwandan, and Kuroiler populations. Genes within runs of homozygosity consensus regions are linked to gene ontology (GO) terms related to lipid metabolism, immune functions and stress-mediated responses (FDR < 0.15). The genes within regions of signatures of selection are enriched for GO terms related to health and oxidative stress processes. Key genes in these regions had anti-oxidant, apoptosis, and inflammation functions. Conclusions The study suggests that these populations have alleles under selective pressure from their environment, which may aid in adaptation to harsh environments. The correspondence in gene ontology terms connected to stress-mediated processes across the populations could be related to the similarity of environments or an artifact of the detected admixture. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2711-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J E Koltes
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | | | - C M Ashwell
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - M E Persia
- Virginia Polytechnic University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - J M Reecy
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Yang H, Yang Z, Wang Z, Wang W, Huang K, Fan W, Jia T. Effects of Early Dietary Energy and Protein Dilution on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Internal Organs of Broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fathi M, Heidari M, Ahmadisefat AA, Habibian M, Moeini MM. Influence of dietary glutamine supplementation on performance, biochemical indices and enzyme activities in broilers with cold-induced ascites. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary glutamine supplementation on performance and biochemical indices of broilers with cold-induced ascites. A total of 240 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to three treatment groups, with four replicate pens per treatment and 20 birds per pen. The control birds were kept in a thermoneutral chamber and fed a basal diet, whereas the other two experimental groups were kept in a cold chamber to induce ascites and fed the basal diet supplemented with either 0 or 100 mg of glutamine/kg. The cold-treated birds consumed less (P < 0.05) feed and had lower (P < 0.05) weight gain compared with the control birds. Dietary glutamine supplementation had no effect (P > 0.05) on broiler performance. The cold-treated birds had higher (P < 0.05) right ventricle to total ventricle ratio and mortality due to ascites compared with the control birds. However, mortality due to ascites and right ventricle to total ventricle ratio was reduced (P < 0.05) by dietary glutamine supplementation. The cold-treated birds had higher (P < 0.05) red blood cell counts, haematocrit percentage and haemoglobin concentration compared with the control birds at 21 and 42 days of age. The activities of plasma lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were increased (P < 0.05) in cold-treated birds compared with the control birds at 42 days of age, but dietary glutamine supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase near to the control levels. The plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase activities were increased (P < 0.05) in cold-treated birds compared with the control birds at 21 and 42 days of age, whereas the reverse was true for malondialdehyde concentrations. The glutathione peroxidase activity was increased (P < 0.05), whereas the malondialdehyde concentration was decreased (P < 0.05) by dietary glutamine supplementation compared with the cold-treated birds at 42 days of age. The results indicated that the beneficial effect of glutamine is probably related to its ability to maintain near to normal free radical scavenging enzymes and the level of glutathione peroxidase bioactivity, thereby protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage via decreased lipid peroxidation.
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Jiang YB, Yang YR. Trifolium pratense isoflavones improve pulmonary vascular remodelling in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:1159-1168. [PMID: 26671194 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial remodelling is a pathological characteristic of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which contributes to the development of sustained pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Trifolium pratense isoflavones on pulmonary vascular remodelling in experimental broiler pulmonary hypertension syndrome. Exposure to sub-thermoneutral environmental temperatures increased broiler's pulmonary hypertension syndrome incidence and raised expression levels of nitric oxide, endothelin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Dietary supplementation (20 mg/kg basal diet) with Trifolium pratense isoflavones reduced pulmonary hypertension syndrome incidence and improved pulmonary vascular remodelling without affecting growth performance. The beneficial effect likely came from isoflavone improved pulmonary vascular remodelling. Isoflavone induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, which led to increased nitric oxide level. The nitric oxide could mediate vasorelaxation in the lungs. At the same time, the expression of endothelin was downregulated by isoflavone. Dietary supplementation of Trifolium pratense isoflavone might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Jiang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y R Yang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Kamely M, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S. Incidence of ascites syndrome and related hematological response in short-term feed-restricted broilers raised at low ambient temperature. Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Effect of prenatal temperature conditioning of laying hen embryos: Hatching, live performance and response to heat and cold stress during laying period. J Therm Biol 2015; 51:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wittmer VL, Waichert ÉJ, Gava PL, Pereira FEL, Guimarães MCC, de Figueiredo SG, Mauad H. Effects of captopril on cardiovascular reflexes and respiratory mechanisms in rats submitted to monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 30:57-65. [PMID: 25460515 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a disease associated with increased arteriolar resistance in the lungs. Due to hypoxemia, some physiological mechanisms can be posteriorly affected, including respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes, but this has not yet been fully investigated. This study aimed to evaluate how these mechanisms were affected by monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH and the possible therapeutic role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), captopril, in reversing this remodeling process. METHODS AND RESULTS Groups of Wistar rats received MCT injections (60 mg kg(-1)). Three weeks later, they received captopril (CPT, 100 mg kg(-1)) in their drinking water (MCT + CPT) or water alone (MCT) for 2 weeks. As control, saline-treated animals received captopril in their drinking water (CPT) or water alone (CON), also for 2 weeks. Results showed that PAH was fully induced in the MCT group, evidenced by a high pulmonary index. Gasometrical and respiratory analyses showed hypoxemia and compensatory hyperventilation. CPT treatment brought these parameters to similar values to those observed in the CON group. We observed that autonomic dysfunction in the MCT group was suppressed by CPT. Finally, cardiovascular reflexes analysis showed increased chemoreflex responses in the MCT group, while baroreflex sensibility was decreased. Surprisingly, CPT normalized these reflex responses to values similar to the CON group. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that MCT-induced PAH induces compensatory respiratory responses, dysautonomia, and baroreflex dysfunction and increases chemoreflex responses. The data also indicate that CPT was effective in reversing these cardio-respiratory disorders, suggesting that ACEi could be a potential therapeutic target for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Lourenço Wittmer
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Élio Junior Waichert
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Pablo Lúcio Gava
- Department of Integrated Health Education, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Suely Gomes de Figueiredo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Hélder Mauad
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Health Science, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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Chronic mitochondrial uncoupling treatment prevents acute cold-induced oxidative stress in birds. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 184:1021-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Akbarian A, Kazerani H, Mohri M, Raji A, Jamshidi A, Golian A. Exogenous melatonin improves growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and morphology in temporarily feed restricted broilers. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang X, Luo YH, Zeng QF, Zhang KY, Ding XM, Bai SP, Wang JP. Effects of low ambient temperatures and dietary vitamin C supplement on growth performance, blood parameters, and antioxidant capacity of 21-day-old broilers. Poult Sci 2014; 93:898-905. [PMID: 24706967 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the effects of low ambient temperature (LAT) and a vitamin C (VC) dietary supplement on the growth performance, blood parameters, and antioxidant capacity of 21-d-old broilers. A total of 400 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments as follows: 1) LAT and a basal diet; 2) LAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1,000 mg of VC/kg (LAT + VC); 3) normal ambient temperature (NAT) and a basal diet; 4) NAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1,000 mg of VC/kg (NAT + VC). All birds were fed to 21 d of age. Broilers in groups 1 and 2 were raised at 24 to 26°C during 1 to 7 d, and at 9 to 11°C during 8 to 21 d, whereas groups 3 and 4 were raised at 29 to 31°C during 1 to 7 d and at 24 to 26°C during 8 to 21 d. The LAT increased the feed conversion ratio during the whole experimental period (P < 0.01), whereas it increased heart index at 21 d (P < 0.05) and hematocrit and hemoglobin level at 14 d (P < 0.05). Supplementing the diet with VC increased hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count at 21 d (P < 0.05). At 21 d, LAT conditions decreased total antioxidant capacity in the serum, liver, and lungs (P < 0.05), and it also increased the levels of VC in the serum and liver, the amount of protein carbonylation in liver and lungs, and the malondialdehyde level in the lungs (P < 0.05). The addition of VC tended to increase the total antioxidant capacity level in serum (P < 0.1). Low ambient temperature resulted in oxidative stress for broilers that were fed from 1 to 21 d of age, whereas no significant effect was found on the antioxidant activity by dietary VC supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China
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Peng YZ, Wang YW, Ning D, Guo YM. Changes of haematic parameters, redox status and mitochondrial complex activity in the heart and liver of broilers fed with different density diets under low ambient temperature. Avian Pathol 2013; 42:327-34. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2013.800941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wideman RF, Rhoads DD, Erf GF, Anthony NB. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (ascites syndrome) in broilers: a review. Poult Sci 2013; 92:64-83. [PMID: 23243232 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) syndrome in broilers (also known as ascites syndrome and pulmonary hypertension syndrome) can be attributed to imbalances between cardiac output and the anatomical capacity of the pulmonary vasculature to accommodate ever-increasing rates of blood flow, as well as to an inappropriately elevated tone (degree of constriction) maintained by the pulmonary arterioles. Comparisons of PAH-susceptible and PAH-resistant broilers do not consistently reveal differences in cardiac output, but PAH-susceptible broilers consistently have higher pulmonary arterial pressures and pulmonary vascular resistances compared with PAH-resistant broilers. Efforts clarify the causes of excessive pulmonary vascular resistance have focused on evaluating the roles of chemical mediators of vasoconstriction and vasodilation, as well as on pathological (structural) changes occurring within the pulmonary arterioles (e.g., vascular remodeling and pathology) during the pathogenesis of PAH. The objectives of this review are to (1) summarize the pathophysiological progression initiated by the onset of pulmonary hypertension and culminating in terminal ascites; (2) review recent information regarding the factors contributing to excessively elevated resistance to blood flow through the lungs; (3) assess the role of the immune system during the pathogenesis of PAH; and (4) present new insights into the genetic basis of PAH. The cumulative evidence attributes the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in PAH-susceptible broilers to an anatomically inadequate pulmonary vascular capacity, to excessive vascular tone reflecting the dominance of pulmonary vasoconstrictors over vasodilators, and to vascular pathology elicited by excessive hemodynamic stress. Emerging evidence also demonstrates that the pathogenesis of PAH includes characteristics of an inflammatory/autoimmune disease involving multifactorial genetic, environmental, and immune system components. Pulmonary arterial hypertension susceptibility appears to be multigenic and may be manifested in aberrant stress sensitivity, function, and regulation of pulmonary vascular tissue components, as well as aberrant activities of innate and adaptive immune system components. Major genetic influences and high heritabilities for PAH susceptibility have been demonstrated by numerous investigators. Selection pressures rigorously focused to challenge the pulmonary vascular capacity readily expose the genetic basis for spontaneous PAH in broilers. Chromosomal mapping continues to identify regions associated with ascites susceptibility, and candidate genes have been identified. Ongoing immunological and genomic investigations are likely to continue generating important new knowledge regarding the fundamental biological bases for the PAH/ascites syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Wideman
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, FAyetteville 72701, USA.
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Plasma reactive oxygen metabolites and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity are not affected by an acute increase of metabolic rate in zebra finches. J Comp Physiol B 2013; 183:675-83. [PMID: 23358864 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-013-0745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the sources of variation in oxidative stress level is a challenging issue due to the implications of oxidative stress for late age diseases, longevity and life-history trade-offs. Reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative stress are mostly a by-product of energy metabolism and it is therefore often assumed that oxidative stress is proportional to energy consumption. In mammals, an increased metabolic rate induced by cold exposure generally increases oxidative stress. However, compared to mammals, birds generate fewer free radicals per ATP produced and hence it is not obvious that, in birds, a cold-induced increase of metabolic rate increase oxidative stress. We tested whether cold-induced increase in metabolic rate increased oxidative stress in zebra finches by exposing individuals to cold and warm overnight temperatures. We registered metabolic rate and plasma levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants and reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), a measure of oxidative damage. Metabolic rate was on average 88 % higher in cold compared to warm temperature, with females being stronger affected than males. However, temperature had no effect on plasma antioxidants or our measure of oxidative damage. Middle-age birds had higher levels of plasma antioxidants than younger and older birds, but age was unrelated to ROMs. Birds showed repeatability of plasma ROMs across temperatures but not of non-enzymatic antioxidants. In contrast to similar studies in mammals, our results do not show evidence of increased oxidative stress in plasma after an acute cold-induced increase of metabolic rate but research in more bird species is needed to assess the generality of this pattern.
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Bautista-Ortega J, Ruiz-Feria C. Pulmonary vascular remodeling in broiler and Leghorn chickens after unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2904-11. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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32
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Hamal KR, Erf GF, Anthony NB, Wideman RF. Immunohistochemical examination of plexiform-like complex vascular lesions in the lungs of broiler chickens selected for susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Avian Pathol 2012; 41:211-9. [PMID: 22515539 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.663077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a disease of unknown cause that is characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, and by extensive vascular remodelling. In human IPAH patients, remodelling of the pulmonary vasculature results in the formation of plexiform lesions in the terminal pulmonary arterioles. Various molecules are expressed in the human plexiform lesions, including alpha smooth muscle actin, von Willebrand factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2, hypoxia inducible factor-1α, survivin, tenascin, collagen, fibronectin, and various immune/inflammatory cells such as, cytotoxic lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, MHC class II cells, and monocytes/macrophages are also present. Plexiform lesions rarely develop in the lungs of laboratory animals, but plexiform-like complex vascular lesions (CVL) do develop spontaneously in the lungs of broiler chickens from an IPAH-susceptible line. To examine angioproliferative and immune-system-related activities associated with CVL in broiler lungs, paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung sections from 8-week-old to 24-week-old broiler chickens were stained immunohistochemically using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies specific for angioproliferative molecules and immune/inflammatory cells. The CVL in the lungs of broiler chickens exhibited positive staining for both angioproliferative molecules and immune/inflammatory cells. These observations combined with the close histological resemblance of broiler CVL to the plexiform lesions of human IPAH patients further validates chickens from our IPAH-susceptible line as an excellent animal model of spontaneous plexogenic arteriopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna R Hamal
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 West Maple, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Wang JW, Chen W, Kang XT, Huang YQ, Tian YD, Wang YB. Identification of differentially expressed genes induced by energy restriction using annealing control primer system from the liver and adipose tissues of broilers. Poult Sci 2012; 91:972-8. [PMID: 22399737 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Female Arbor Acre broilers were divided into 2 groups at 18 d of age. One group of chickens had free access to feed (AL), and the other group of chickens had 30% energy restriction (ER). Adipose and hepatic RNA samples were collected at 48 d of age. We employed an accurate reverse-transcription (RT) PCR method that involves annealing control primers to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEG) between ER and AL groups. Using 20 annealing control primers, 43 differentially expressed bands (40 downregulated and 3 upregulated in the ER group) were detected from the hepatic tissue, whereas no differentially expressed bands were detected from the adipose tissue. It seems that energy restriction could induce more DEG in hepatic tissue than that in adipose tissue and could result in more gene-expression downregulation in hepatic tissue. Eight DEG (6 known and 2 unknown genes) were gained from hepatic tissue and confirmed by RT-PCR, which were all supported by released expressed sequence tag sequences. Their expressions were all downregulated by energy restriction in hepatic tissues. Six known genes are RPL7, RPLP1, FBXL12, ND1, ANTXR2, and SLC22A18, respectively, which seem to play essential roles in the protein translation, energy metabolism, and tumor inhibition. The alterations of gene expression in 3 selected genes, including ND1 (P < 0.01), FBXL12 (P < 0.01), and RPLP1 (P < 0.05), were supported by real-time quantitative RT-PCR reaction. Our data provide new insights on the metabolic state of broilers changed by energy restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China
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Tan X, Chai J, Bi SC, Li JJ, Li WW, Zhou JY. Involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in medial hypertrophy of pulmonary arterioles in broiler chickens with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Vet J 2012; 193:420-5. [PMID: 22377328 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Medial hypertrophy of pulmonary arterioles during pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in humans is associated with enhanced proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Elevated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 has been found in pulmonary artery SMCs (PA-SMCs) in humans with idiopathic PAH, leading to the hypothesis that MMP-2 contributes to the proliferation and migration of vascular SMCs in the pathogenesis of PAH. Rapidly growing meat-type (broiler) chickens provide a model of spontaneous PAH. The present study was conducted to determine whether MMP-2 is involved in the medial hypertrophy of pulmonary arterioles in this model. Cultured PA-SMCs from normal birds were used to evaluate the effect of MMPs on cell proliferation. Gelatin zymography showed that endothelin (ET)-1-induced proliferation of PA-SMCs was concomitant with increased pro- and active MMP-2 production. Reverse transcription PCR demonstrated upregulation of MMP-2 mRNA. However, PA-SMC proliferation was inhibited by the MMP inhibitors doxycycline and cis-9-octadecenoyl-N-hydroxylamide. In vivo experiments revealed a significant increase of MMP-2 expression in hypertrophied pulmonary arterioles of PAH broiler chickens, which was positively correlated with wall thickness and medial hypertrophy. MMP-2 may contribute to medial hypertrophy in pulmonary arterioles during PAH in broiler chickens by enhancing the proliferation of vascular SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Effect of Energy Restriction on Growth, Slaughter Performance,Serum Biochemical Parameters and Lpin2/WDTC1/mRNA Expressionof Broilers in the Later Phase. J Poult Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.011001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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36
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Diminished Pulmonary Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2- α, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Chickens Exposed to Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia. J Poult Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.011036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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37
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Zhang Z, Lv Z, Li J, Li S, Xu S, Wang X. Effects of cold stress on nitric oxide in duodenum of chicks. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1555-61. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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38
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Franson JC, Hoffman DJ, Flint PL. Selenium concentrations and enzyme activities of glutathione metabolism in wild long-tailed ducks and common eiders. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:1479-1481. [PMID: 21462234 DOI: 10.1002/etc.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The relationships of selenium (Se) concentrations in whole blood with plasma activities of total glutathione peroxidase, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were studied in long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) and common eiders (Somateria mollissima) sampled along the Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska, USA. Blood Se concentrations were >8 µg/g wet weight in both species. Linear regression revealed that the activities of total and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase were significantly related to Se concentrations only in long-tailed ducks, raising the possibility that these birds were experiencing early oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christian Franson
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Wideman RF, Hamal KR, Bayona MT, Lorenzoni AG, Cross D, Khajali F, Rhoads DD, Erf GF, Anthony NB. Plexiform lesions in the lungs of domestic fowl selected for susceptibility to pulmonary arterial hypertension: incidence and histology. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 294:739-55. [PMID: 21448992 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Plexiform lesions develop in the pulmonary arteries of humans suffering from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Plexogenic arteriopathy rarely develops in existing animal models of IPAH. In this study, plexiform lesions developed in the lungs of rapidly growing meat-type chickens (broiler chickens) that had been genetically selected for susceptibility to IPAH. Plexiform lesions developed spontaneously in: 42% of females and 40% of males; 35% of right lungs, and 45% of left lungs; and, at 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 52 weeks of age the plexiform lesion incidences averaged 52%, 50%, 51%, 40%, 36%, and 22%, respectively. Plexiform lesions formed distal to branch points in muscular interparabronchial pulmonary arteries exhibiting intimal proliferation. Perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates consistently surrounded the affected arteries. Proliferating intimal cells fully or partially occluded the arterial lumen adjacent to plexiform lesions. Broilers reared in clean stainless steel cages exhibited a 50% lesion incidence that did not differ from the 64% incidence in flock mates grown on dusty floor litter. Microparticles (30 μm diameter) were injected to determine if physical occlusion and focal inflammation within distal pulmonary arteries might initiate plexiform lesion development. Three months postinjection no plexiform lesions were observed in the vicinity of persisting microparticles. Broiler chickens selected for innate susceptibility to IPAH represent a new animal model for investigating the mechanisms responsible for spontaneous plexogenic arteriopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Wideman
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA.
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Yang X, Zhuang J, Rao K, Li X, Zhao R. Effect of early feed restriction on hepatic lipid metabolism and expression of lipogenic genes in broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2011; 89:438-44. [PMID: 20434185 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of early feed restriction (ER) on lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in the liver of broiler chickens. Newly hatched broiler chickens were randomly allocated into control and ER group which was subjected to feed restriction with feed provided on alternate days from hatch to 14 days of age (14 d), followed by ad libitum feeding until the end of the experiment on 63 d. ER group exhibited significantly lower body weight throughout the experiment. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were significantly higher in ER group at 14 d (P<0.05), and the higher serum TC level in ER group was also observed at 63 d. In contrast, the contents of triglyceride (TG), TC and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in liver were significantly lower in ER group at 14 d (P<0.05). At 14 d no significant difference was detected for the mRNA expression of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α (ACC-α), carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPAR-α) between control and ER group. At 63 d ACC-α mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated accompanied with a significantly up-regulated CPT-ImRNA and a decreased tendency of SREBP-1c mRNA expression in ER group (P=0.09). Swollen mitochondria with fragmented and reduced cristae were observed in liver of ER group at 14 d. Meanwhile the inner mitochondria membrane viscidity increased and hepatic mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased at 14 d. The results suggest that feed restriction at early postnatal stage may produce long-term effect on lipid metabolism of broiler chicken, probably through, at least in part, alterations in mitochondria morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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41
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Wideman RF, Hamal KR. Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: an avian model for plexogenic arteriopathy and serotonergic vasoconstriction. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2011; 63:283-95. [PMID: 21277983 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a disease of unknown cause that is characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance attributable to vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling of small pulmonary arteries. Vascular remodeling includes hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth muscle (medial hypertrophy) accompanied in up to 80% of the cases by the formation of occlusive plexiform lesions (plexogenic arteriopathy). Patients tend to be unresponsive to vasodilator therapy and have a poor prognosis for survival when plexogenic arteriopathy progressively obstructs their pulmonary arteries. Research is needed to understand and treat plexogenic arteriopathy, but advances have been hindered by the absence of spontaneously developing lesions in existing laboratory animal models. Young domestic fowl bred for meat production (broiler chickens, broilers) spontaneously develop IPAH accompanied by semi-occlusive endothelial proliferation that progresses into fully developed plexiform lesions. Plexiform lesions develop in both female and male broilers, and lesion incidences (lung sections with lesions/lung sections examined) averaged approximately 40% in 8 to 52 week old birds. Plexiform lesions formed distal to branch points in muscular interparabronchial pulmonary arteries, and were associated with perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a potent vasoconstrictor and mitogen known to stimulate vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Serotonin has been directly linked to the pathogenesis of IPAH in humans, including IPAH linked to serotonergic anorexigens that trigger the formation of plexiform lesions indistinguishable from those observed in primary IPAH triggered by other causes. Serotonin also plays a major role in the susceptibility of broilers to IPAH. This avian model of spontaneous IPAH constitutes a new animal model for biomedical research focused on the pathogenesis of IPAH and plexogenic arteriopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Wideman
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Khajali F, Fahimi S. Influence of dietary fat source and supplementary α-tocopheryl acetate on pulmonary hypertension and lipid peroxidation in broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010; 94:767-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2009.00959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kalmar ID, Cools A, Buyse J, Roose P, Janssens GPJ. Dietary N,N-dimethylglycine supplementation improves nutrient digestibility and attenuates pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010; 94:e339-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Boostani A, Ashayerizadeh A, Mahmoodian FHR, Kamalzadeh A. Comparison of the effects of several feed restriction periods to control ascites on performance, carcass characteristics and hematological indices of broiler chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2010000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Expression of PDGF-β receptor in broilers with pulmonary hypertension induced by cold temperature and its association with pulmonary vascular remodeling. Res Vet Sci 2010; 88:116-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Mujahid A, Furuse M. Oxidative damage in different tissues of neonatal chicks exposed to low environmental temperature. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 152:604-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Pan JQ, Tan X, Li JC, Sun WD, Huang GQ, Wang XL. Reduced PKCα expression in pulmonary arterioles of broiler chickens is associated with early feed restriction. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:434-9. [PMID: 17707446 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of early feed restriction on protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) expression in pulmonary arterioles, which has been revealed to promote pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertensive broilers. METHODS A total of 270day-old mixed sex commercial broilers were randomly distributed to a normal temperature control group (NT), a low temperature control group (LT) and a low temperature plus feed restriction group (LR). The PHS incidence, the right/total ventricular weight ratio (RV/TV), the vessel wall area/vessel total area ratio (WA/TA), the mean media thickness in pulmonary arterioles (mMTPA) and the expression of PKCalpha in the pulmonary arterioles were measured weekly. RESULTS Low temperature treatment significantly increased the PHS mortality. The RV/TV, WA/TA and mMTPA values of group LT were significantly elevated compared with those of group NT on d 35 and 42. The LT chickens had increased PKCalpha expression compared with their NT counterparts on d 28 and afterwards. Feed restriction reduced the PHS mortality, RV/TV, WA/TA and mMTPA in cold-exposed broilers. The LR chickens had much lower PKCalpha expression in pulmonary arterioles than the LT chickens. CONCLUSION Early time feed restriction inhibited pulmonary vascular remodeling in broilers, which might be partly attributed to reduced PKCalpha expression in pulmonary arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-qiang Pan
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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48
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Tan X, Hu SH, Wang XL. The effect of dietary l-carnitine supplementation on pulmonary hypertension syndrome mortality in broilers exposed to low temperatures. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2008; 92:203-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Özkan S, Malayoğlu HB, Yalçin S, Karadaş F, Koçtürk S, çabuk M, Oktay G, Özdemir S, Özdemir E, Ergül M. Dietary vitamin E (α-tocopherol acetate) and selenium supplementation from different sources: performance, ascites-related variables and antioxidant status in broilers reared at low and optimum temperatures. Br Poult Sci 2007; 48:580-93. [DOI: 10.1080/00071660701593951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Tan X, Hu SH, Wang XL. Possible role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in broilers: a synopsis. Avian Pathol 2007; 36:261-7. [PMID: 17620170 DOI: 10.1080/03079450701460765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) produced by vascular endothelial cells is an important determinant of the basal tone of small arteries and arterioles. Impaired endothelial NO production has been implicated in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension in humans. Available data suggest that reduction of endothelial NO synthesis, with evidence of reduced endothelial NO synthase expression in pulmonary arterioles, is associated with increased pulmonary vasomotor tone and vascular remodelling in hypertensive broilers. Supplemental l-arginine, a precursor of NO, has been shown to induce flow-dependent pulmonary vasodilation, to prevent reduced endothelial NO synthase expression and to inhibit vascular remodelling in broilers with pulmonary hypertension. Nevertheless, its effect on pulmonary hypertension syndrome incidence is limited. It appears that impaired production of NO is a secondary rather than a causative factor in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Tan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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