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Ghoneem WMA, Rahmy HAF, El-Tanany RRA. Effect of orange pulp with or without zeolite on productive performance, nitrogen utilization, and antioxidative status of growing rabbits. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:326. [PMID: 39361180 PMCID: PMC11449954 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the effect of dried orange pulp inclusion (OP diet), natural zeolite addition (Z diet), or both (OPZ diet) compared to control (CON diet) on digestibility, growth performance, nitrogen utilization, blood biochemical, antioxidative status, and cecum microbiota of growing rabbits. Seventy-two V-line male rabbits (6 weeks old) were divided into 4 balanced experimental groups. Results showed that administration of dried orange pulp or zeolite especially the OPZ diet significantly improved nutrient digestibility and nutritive values. Rabbits fed the experimental diets (OP, Z, or OPZ) recorded significantly higher values of average daily gain, N-retention, and N-balance compared with those fed the CON diet. Data on blood biochemical, showed non-significant differences in globulin concentrations, and significant decreases in levels of cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoproteins), triglycerides, and MDA (malondialdehyde) as an antioxidant biomarker with OP, Z, or OPZ diets. Moreover, the incorporation of orange pulp or zeolite in diets significantly decreased the cecal count of E. coli, with no significant difference in total bacterial count among the experimental groups. It could be concluded that a combination between dried orange pulp and natural zeolite in the diet can enhance the growth performance, antioxidant and health status of rabbits.
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Kaya M, Karaarslan S, Oral Toplu HD, Dereli Fidan E, Türkyılmaz MK, Nazlıgül A. Growth performance, carcass, and meat quality traits in broiler chickens reared on plastic-grid flooring, wood shavings, and zeolite-supplemented wood shavings. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:66. [PMID: 38305918 PMCID: PMC10837256 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality traits of broiler chickens raised on plastic-grid floors, traditional wood shavings, and wood shavings enriched with zeolite. The experimental design included the allocation of 504-day-old chicks to three different bedding materials, namely wood shavings, plastic-grid floors, and zeolite litter, each with four replications (42 birds per replicate). The chicks were individually weighed at birth and grouped according to their average body weights. An experiment involving 504 chicks was conducted, with each replicate consisting of 42 male chicks of similar body weight. At the end of the experiment, a total of 120 chickens were slaughtered with 10 chickens selected from each replicate for processing carcass and meat quality traits. The effects of different bedding materials on mortality (P = 0.812), body weight (P = 0.565), and body weight gain (P = 0.569) were not significant. The ANOVA test was conducted to compare the main effects of performance, carcass, and meat quality characteristics. The feed intake was significantly affected in the 2nd, and 3rd weeks (P = 0.001; 0.023); in addition, the feed conversion ratio was significant in the 2nd, 4th, and overall period (P = 0.003; P = 0.026; P = 0.038) by the bedding materials. The breast yield (P = 0.001), thigh yield (P = 0.028), and wing yield (P = 0.023) were significant. The type of bedding material used in broiler production significantly influenced the pH24 (P = 0.030), L* (P = 0.037), a* (P = 0.000), and CL (P = 0.028). It was concluded that both a plastic-grid floor and zeolite supplementation to wood shaving litter did not significantly affect overall growth performance in broiler chickens. However, the plastic-grid floor showed superior effects on breast meat yield and quality characteristics, particularly reducing cooking loss, when compared to zeolite supplementation in wood shaving litter. The plastic-grid floor led to a slight increase in the feed conversion ratio. Consequently, adopting a plastic grid floor emerges as a viable alternative to traditional wood shavings in broiler farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kaya
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, 09100, Turkey.
| | - Solmaz Karaarslan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, 09100, Turkey
| | - H Değer Oral Toplu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, 09100, Turkey
| | - Evrim Dereli Fidan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, 09100, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kenan Türkyılmaz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, 09100, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Nazlıgül
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, 09100, Turkey
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Khan K, Kaya M, Fidan ED, Kilimci FS. Impact of litter on femur and tibial morphology, bone biomechanics, and leg health parameters in broiler chickens. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1393-1402. [PMID: 36915925 PMCID: PMC10472162 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study effects of three types of beddings on broiler leg health and bone biomechanics were evaluated. METHODS A total of 504 male chicks (Ross 308) were randomly placed on three beddings (4 replicates/group; 42 birds/pen), zeolite-added litter (ZL), plastic-grid flooring (PF), and wood shavings (WS). On day 42, chickens were weighed, slaughtered, and samples (bone, muscle, and drumstick) were collected. Bones were subjected to leg health tests, morphometric measurements, biomechanical testing, and ash analysis. RESULTS Broilers in PF and WS groups showed higher live weight than the ZL group (p<0.001), and the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and varus valgus deformity due to distal bending was significantly higher in PF (p<0.001). Multinomial logistic regression showed that bedding has a significant (p = 0.038) contribution toward the development of TD. Tibial strength (p = 0.040), drumstick width (p = 0.001), and total femur and epiphyseal ash contents (p = 0.044, 0.016) were higher in the ZL group. Chicken live weight was correlated with tibial length and weight (r = 0.762, 0.725). CONCLUSION Flooring and the type of bedding material directly affect broiler bone length, strength and leg health. Plastic bedding improves the slaughter weight of chickens on the expense of leg deformities, and zeolite litter improves leg health and bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (sub-campus Jhang), Lahore 35200,
Pakistan
| | - Mehmet Kaya
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09016,
Turkey
| | - Evrim Dereli Fidan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09016,
Turkey
| | - Figen Sevil Kilimci
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09016,
Turkey
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Abdelrahman MM, Al-Baadani HH, Qaid MM, Al-Garadi MA, Suliman GM, Alobre MM, Al-Mufarrej SI. Using Natural Zeolite as a Feed Additive in Broilers' Diets for Enhancing Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality Traits. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1548. [PMID: 37511923 PMCID: PMC10382045 DOI: 10.3390/life13071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using natural zeolites as a food additive in poultry diets offers an intriguing perspective. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of zeolite addition and particle size on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, moisture of excreta and litter, and intestinal measurements during 35 days. METHODS A total of 560 1-day-old female Ross-308 broilers were divided into five treatment levels (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g zeolite/kg diet) (n = 16 replicates/treatment, n = 8 replicates /particle size of each treatment). Performance was calculated weekly. Carcass characteristics, meat quality, small intestine (SI) measurements, litter pH, and moisture content were determined on day 35. RESULTS Litter pH, breast redness, cooking loss, chewiness, total weight, and SI length were all affected by zeolite treatments (p < 0.05). Particle size had an impact on the gastric pH and texture analysis. Their interaction had an effect on color redness, litter pH, and cooking loss. Performance was unaffected by either the main or interaction effects. CONCLUSION Zeolite as a feed additive may be useful in broiler diets, particularly large particles. The performance and production efficiency factor improved numerically (p > 0.05) with increasing zeolite doses up to 10 g zeolite/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutassim M Abdelrahman
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani H Al-Baadani
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Qaid
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A Al-Garadi
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin M Suliman
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen M Alobre
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud I Al-Mufarrej
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Cao T, Zheng Y, Dong H. Control of odor emissions from livestock farms: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115545. [PMID: 36822532 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Odor emission seriously affects human and animal health, and the ecological environment. Nevertheless, a systematic summary regarding the control technology for odor emissions in livestock breeding is currently lacking. This paper summarizes odor control technology, highlighting its applicability, advantages, and limitations, which can be used to evaluate and identify the most appropriate methods in livestock production management. Odor control technologies are divided into four categories: dietary manipulation (low-crude protein diet and enzyme additives in feed), in-housing management (separation of urine from feces, adsorbents used as litter additive, and indoor environment/manure surface spraying agent), manure management (semi-permeable membrane-covered, reactor composting, slurry cover, and slurry acidification), and end-of-pipe measures for air treatment (wet scrubbing of the exhaust air from animal houses and biofiltration of the exhaust air from animal houses or composting). Findings of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the application of odor control technology in livestock farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Cao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Yunhao Zheng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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Emam AM, Elnesr SS, El-Full EA, Mahmoud BY, Elwan H. Influence of Improved Microclimate Conditions on Growth and Physiological Performance of Two Japanese Quail Lines. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061118. [PMID: 36978658 PMCID: PMC10044088 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microclimate parameters (ammonia, ambient temperature, heat index, and relative humidity) surrounding birds affect the production and health status of poultry. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of adding natural zeolite to the litter of Japanese quail on improving microclimate parameters and its reflection in growth performance, blood gases, and blood biochemical parameters. A total of 1152 chicks were obtained from the same hatch at the 20th selection generation. Chicks were allocated into two groups based on the litter composition: Group 1: wheat straw as litter (untreated group); Group 2: 80% wheat straw + 20% zeolite (treated group). Each group consisted of 576 chicks: 410 selected line chicks and 166 control line chicks. Significant and favorable effects of the treatment on microclimate parameters during tested periods were found to favor the treated group. Either the treated group or the selected line had significantly better growth performance than the untreated group and control line. Zeolite-treated quails had significantly desirable blood gases and lower blood acidity and serum total iron binding capacity compared to the untreated group. Thus, adding natural zeolite to the litter enhanced the microclimate parameters that improved growth performance, blood gases, and blood biochemical parameters and reduced ammonia emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Emam
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Ensaf A El-Full
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Bothaina Y Mahmoud
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Hamada Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya 61519, Egypt
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An J, Lee J, Song M, Oh H, Kim Y, Chang S, Go Y, Song D, Cho H, Park H, Kim HB, Cho J. Effects of supplemental different clay minerals in broiler chickens under cyclic heat stress. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:113-131. [PMID: 37093908 PMCID: PMC10119463 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementing clay minerals and organic chromium in feed on broiler chicken under heat stress (HS). A total of 90 one-day-old broiler chicken (Arbor Acres) with an initial body weight of 45.0 ± 0.2 g were assigned to five treatment groups (six replications, three birds each cage): 1) NC group, basal diet under room temperature environment; 2) PC group, basal diet under high temperature (HT) environment; 3) ILT group, basal diet + 1% illite + HT; 4) ZLT group, basal diet + 1% zeolite + HT; 5) OC group, basal diet + 400 ppb/kg organic chromium + HT. The ILT and ZLT groups had significantly higher body weight than the PC group in 4 weeks. Apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy was increased in the ILT, ZLT, and OC groups compared to the PC group. The NC group had lower foot-pad dermatitis score than other groups. Escherichia coli population in the cecum and feces was decreased in the ZLT group than in the PC group. Lactobacillus in cecum and feces was significantly increased in the ZLT group than in the PC group. Regarding blood profiles, blood cortisol was decreased in the NC and ILT groups compared to the PC group. Water holding capacity and pH were increased in the ZLT group than the PC group. In conclusion, according to the results of growth performance, nutrients digestibility, bacteria counts, and meat characteristics, supplementation of the ZLT in broiler diet can alleviate HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo An
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Department of Poultry Science, University
of Georgia (UGA), Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Minho Song
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Hanjin Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yongju Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Seyeon Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Youngbin Go
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dongcheol Song
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyunah Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Haeryoung Park
- Korea Agriculture Technology Promotion
Agency, Iksan 54667, Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jinho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Costello B, Chen D, Han B, Zhang W, Butterly CR. Lignite, dewatered lignite and modified subbituminous coal reduce nitrogen loss from broiler litter. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 136:113-121. [PMID: 34662787 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Broiler litter is generated in large quantities as a waste by-product of chicken meat production. N may be lost from the litter and emitted from bird housing as gaseous NH3, which can be damaging to the environment and limit the recycling of a valuable nutrient. This study investigated the effect of lignite application rate (0, 5, 10, 15, 20%) on N loss from broiler litter in a static chamber laboratory incubation. Lignite was subsequently dewatered and subbituminous coal modified by aerobic thermal oxidation and their ammoniacal N adsorption potentials were characterised. In a second static chamber incubation, the capacity of these materials (applied at 20%) to reduce N loss from litter was investigated. Finally, their potential to directly reduce NH3 emissions was examined using a chamber acid trap system. This study showed that lignite reduced N loss when applied to litter at a rate ≥ 5%, with the amount of N retained increasing with increasing lignite application rate. Litter treated with 20% lignite retained 24% more N than untreated litter. Following aerobic thermal treatment, maximum ammoniacal N adsorption capacities of the materials were as follows: lignite > dewatered lignite > modified subbituminous coal > subbituminous coal. Despite inequalities in adsorption capacity, lignite, dewatered lignite and modified subbituminous coal reduced total N loss by 17.3, 18.2 and 18.4% and NH3 emissions by 41.6, 49.1 and 29.8%, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of coal-based materials to reduce NH3 emissions from broiler litter and increase the nutrient value of waste by reducing N loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Costello
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Deli Chen
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bing Han
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Clayton R Butterly
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Banaszak M, Biesek J, Adamski M. Growth performance and meat quality from broiler chickens reared with zeolite and halloysite in feed and straw pellet. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13649. [PMID: 34716960 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The study's aim was to analyze the effects of different levels of halloysite (H) and zeolite (Z) in feed and pellets on the growth and meat quality in chickens; 500 Ross 308 broilers were assigned to five groups (1 g, control; 2-5 g, experimental). In Groups 2-5, different proportions of Z and H in feed (25:75 ratio; 0.5% to 2%) and pellet in kg/m2 (2, 0.650H; 3, 0.325H and 0.325Z; 4, 0.650Z; 5, 0.160H and 0.490Z) were used. Body weight was higher than 1 in all experimental groups, and carcass weight was higher, except for Group 2. The feed consumption was lower in Groups 3 and 5 than in Group 4. The breast muscle weight was higher in Group 3 than in the control group. In Groups 2, 3, and 5, the water holding capacity in the breast muscles was better than in Group 4 and in the leg muscles in Groups 3 and 4 than in Groups 1 and 5. Most of the tested characteristics indicate a beneficial effect of aluminosilicates in feed and litter on the growth and quality of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Banaszak
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jakub Biesek
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Adamski
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Banaszak M, Biesek J, Adamski M. Aluminosilicates at different levels in rye litter and feed affect the growth and meat quality of broiler chickens. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:37-47. [PMID: 34478030 PMCID: PMC8791863 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Litter sanitation treatments and feed supplements that stimulate bird growth. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of zeolite (z) and halloysite (h) in feed and rye straw litter on growth performance, meat quality in chickens. 500 males Ross 308 were allocated to 5 groups (10 replicates). Feed for groups 2–5 was supplemented with halloysite and zeolite (25:75). The content of aluminosilicates in the feed was different depending on the feeding phase: 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2%. The following doses were used in litter: 2, 0.800 kg/m2 h; 3, 0.400 kg/m2 h and 0.400 kg/m2 z; 4, 0.800 kg/m2 z; 5, 0.200 kg/m2 h, and 0.600 kg/m2 z. Growth, and meat quality were analysed. Body weight and body weight gain were higher in groups 2–5 than in group 1, while feed intake was lower in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Body weight, the weight of carcass, and most of its elements were higher in the experimental groups (p < 0.05). Breast muscles from group 1 were characterised by better water-holding capacity and higher protein content, while those from 4 had higher content of collagen and water (p < 0.05). Breast muscles from group 3 were characterized by lower yellowness than in 2 (p < 0.05). Leg muscles from group 1 were characterized by lower redness than in 4 (p < 0.05). Water-holding capacity was better in group 3 and protein content was higher in 2 (p < 0.05). The content of fat in leg muscle was lower in all experimental groups compared to control (p < 0.05). This indicates the suitability of aluminosilicates in poultry management practice, with better growth and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Banaszak
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, Bydgoszcz, 85-084 Poland
| | - Jakub Biesek
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, Bydgoszcz, 85-084 Poland
| | - Marek Adamski
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, Bydgoszcz, 85-084 Poland
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Banaszak M, Biesek J, Adamski M. Wheat litter and feed with aluminosilicates for improved growth and meat quality in broiler chickens. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11918. [PMID: 34430084 PMCID: PMC8349159 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural minerals have many beneficial properties in poultry production, taking into account production as well as hygiene, health, safety, and quality of broiler meat. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of aluminosilicates in feed and litter on the growth performance and meat quality in chickens. Aluminosilicates, including halloysite and zeolite, could be a good alternative for synthetics, as a good solution for the environment in line with the current trends. METHODS Five-hundred male Ross 308 chickens were managed in 5 groups (10 replicates/group): LITTER: 1, control; 2, 0.95 kg/m2 of halloysite; 3, 0.475 kg/m2 of halloysite and 0.475 zeolite; 4, 0.95 kg/m2 of zeolite; 5, 0.25 kg/m2of halloysite and 0.7 kg/m2 of zeolite. FEED: groups 2-5, halloysite and zeolite addition (25:75 ratio; 0.5-2%). Growth performance (body weight and feed indicators), carcass, and meat quality (pH, colour, water-holding capacity, chemical composition of muscles) were recorded. The experimental setup, where the aluminosilicate additives were applied simultaneously, was proposed and approved by experts after pilot testing and on the basis of extensive literature where feed or litter additives were tested. RESULTS Body weight and its gain were higher in groups 3 and 4 than in 1, and feed intake was higher in 4. The weight of the carcass and some of its components, including muscles and skin with subcutaneous fat, were higher in 2-4. Water loss from leg muscles was lower in 4. The content of protein in muscles was significantly higher in 3. The addition of aluminosilicates in feed and litter had a positive effect on the growth performance and some traits of carcasses and meat quality, especially in group 3. Halloysite and zeolite can be used in feed and litter (especially 0.475 kg/m2 for each mineral in the wheat litter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Banaszak
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP –University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jakub Biesek
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP –University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Adamski
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP –University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Biesek J, Banaszak M, Adamski M. Ducks' Growth, Meat Quality, Bone Strength, and Jejunum Strength Depend on Zeolite in Feed and Long-Term Factors. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041015. [PMID: 33916880 PMCID: PMC8067159 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Natural agents ensuring the biosecurity of poultry production and the high quality of meat have again gained increasing interest. Natural zeolites absorb toxic gases and can also stimulate digestion and improve the physicochemical parameters of meat, which is important from the consumer’s point of view. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a diet with a 4% inclusion of zeolite on the growth, the meat quality, and the strength of the bones and jejunum of Orvia and Cherry Valley ducks of different age and sex. The addition of zeolite was associated with reduced body weight gains and an increased feed conversion ratio, but with a higher water-holding capacity of breast muscles in seven-week-old ducks, and with a higher yellowness and water-holding capacity of leg muscles in six-week-old ducks. Interactions were found between long-term factors (age, sex, and origin) and the addition of zeolite. The results are inconclusive and indicate a need for further research, testing different doses of zeolite in different forms. Studies on the use of zeolite may help reduce the negative impact of poultry production on the environment, and ensure its safety and profitability. Abstract The safety of production and the high quality of meat are important aspects of rearing poultry, especially when natural solutions are used. Because of the increasing popularity of duck meat, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a diet with an inclusion of zeolite on the growth performance, meat quality, and strength of the bones and jejunum in ducks of different origin, sex, and age at slaughter. The study was conducted on 320 Orvia and Cherry Valley ducks. Birds were allocated to eight groups, according to their sex and origin. Half of the birds received feed with a 4% inclusion of zeolite. Body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio per kilogram of gain were calculated. After six or seven weeks, five birds from each group were selected and slaughtered. After dissection, meat quality (pH, water-holding capacity, colour) and the strength of the bones and gut were analysed. The analysis revealed that zeolite was associated with reduced body weight gains and increased feed conversion ratio, but with a higher water-holding capacity of breast muscles in seven-week-old ducks, and with a higher yellowness and water-holding capacity of leg muscles in six-week-old ducks. A positive effect of long-term factors (age, sex, origin) and the interaction with zeolite was found for most of the analysed traits. Findings on the effect of 4% inclusion of zeolite in duck diet were inconclusive. The study implies the need for further research, since zeolite has potential as a natural sanitizing agent and can improve the quality of produced duck meat.
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Gonzalez-Mora AF, Larios AD, Rousseau AN, Godbout S, Morin C, Palacios JH, Grenier M, Fournel S. Assessing Environmental Control Strategies in Cage-Free Egg Production Systems: Effect on Spatial Occupancy and Natural Behaviors. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010017. [PMID: 33374226 PMCID: PMC7824247 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An increment pattern in the worldwide egg production, as well as in the farm’s capacity in laying hen housing systems, have been observed for the last fifty years. Also, animal welfare has become a subject of interest due to consumer awareness. These issues have introduced new challenges to respond to international markets’ demands while ensuring animal welfare and environmental footprint. Cage-free systems have been alternative systems to ensure the well-being of laying hens. Likewise, environmental control strategies have been implemented to improve air quality since airborne contaminants’ concentration can be high inside these systems. Thus, the analysis of the effect of these strategies on natural behavior and flock distribution is essential to assess a comprehensive analysis. Four strategies and a control were tested in an experimental cage-free system. Spatial occupancy and animal behaviors were tracked using video recordings. Neither the four environmental strategies nor the control applied in this experiment affected the natural behaviors of hens. However, changes in flock distribution and stress patterns were identified in the treatment with a reduction in litter allowance. This study provides evidence that it is possible to implement strategies to improve air quality without disrupting natural animal behaviors in cage-free systems. Abstract Animal welfare concerns have been a challenging issue for producers and international marketing. In laying hen production, cage-free systems (CFS) have been identified as an alternative to ensure the laying hens’ well-being. Nevertheless, in CFS, important environmental issues have been reported, decreasing indoor air quality. Environmental control strategies (ECS) have been designed to enhance indoor air quality in CFSs. However, little information exists about the effect of these ECSs on natural animal behaviors. Four strategies and one control were tested in an experimental CFS, previously designed to track behavioral variables using video recordings over seven time-lapses of 1 hour per day. Spatial occupancy (SO) and laying hen behaviors (LHB) were registered. One statistical analysis was applied to evaluate the effect of ECS on SO and LHB using a multinomial response model. Results show lower chances to use litter area within the reduction of litter allowance treatment (T17) (p < 0.05). Neither the four ECSs nor the control implemented in this experiment affected the natural behaviors of the hens. However, stress patterns and high activity were reported in the T17 treatment. This study shows that it is possible to use these ECSs without disrupting laying hens’ natural behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F. Gonzalez-Mora
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement (ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Araceli D. Larios
- Agri-Food Engineering Division, Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA), 2700 rue Einstein, Quebec, QC GIP 3W8, Canada; (A.D.L.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.H.P.); (M.G.)
- Département des sols et de Génie Agroalimentaire, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval. 2425, rue de l’Agriculture, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Dirección Académica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, TecNM, Campus Perote, Km 2.5. Carretera Perote, México, Perote 91270, Mexico
| | - Alain N. Rousseau
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement (ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada;
| | - Stéphane Godbout
- Agri-Food Engineering Division, Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA), 2700 rue Einstein, Quebec, QC GIP 3W8, Canada; (A.D.L.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.H.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Cédric Morin
- Agri-Food Engineering Division, Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA), 2700 rue Einstein, Quebec, QC GIP 3W8, Canada; (A.D.L.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.H.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Joahnn H. Palacios
- Agri-Food Engineering Division, Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA), 2700 rue Einstein, Quebec, QC GIP 3W8, Canada; (A.D.L.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.H.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Michèle Grenier
- Agri-Food Engineering Division, Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA), 2700 rue Einstein, Quebec, QC GIP 3W8, Canada; (A.D.L.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.H.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Sébastien Fournel
- Département des sols et de Génie Agroalimentaire, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval. 2425, rue de l’Agriculture, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada;
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Banaszak M, Biesek J, Bogucka J, Dankowiakowska A, Olszewski D, Bigorowski B, Grabowicz M, Adamski M. Impact of aluminosilicates on productivity, carcass traits, meat quality, and jejunum morphology of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:7169-7177. [PMID: 33248634 PMCID: PMC7704995 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare production results and quality of meat, as well as histological features of the jejunum in broiler chickens administered feed with 1% addition of zeolite or halloysite, with the addition of aluminosilicates to litter (4.50 kg/m2) throughout the rearing. In the experiment, 300 male broilers were used for 6 wk. They were divided into 3 groups, each of 10 repetitions (10 birds each). Group 1 was a control, halloysite was added to feed and litter in group 2, while zeolite was applied instead of halloysite in group 3. After rearing, 10 selected birds from each group were slaughtered. Selected production properties and degree of footpad dermatitis were examined, and histomorphometric examination of the jejunum was performed. The lowest yield and the highest proportion of neck with skin in the carcass were demonstrated in group 2 (P < 0.05). The lowest percentage of skin with subcutaneous fat was found in group 3 (P < 0.05). A decrease in lightness (L∗) and yellowness (b∗) was demonstrated in group 2, while redness (a∗) was the lowest in group 3 (P < 0.05). Group 2 was characterized by the lowest water-holding capacity in breast muscles, and in group 3, in leg muscles (P < 0.05). In group 3, the highest fat content and the lowest water content in the breast muscles (P < 0.05) were found. The leg muscles in groups 2 and 3 were characterized by the highest a∗, and in group 2, by b∗. The control group had the lowest protein and the highest fat content in leg muscles. In the intestine from group 2, a higher height (P < 0.05) and surface area (P < 0.01) of intestinal villi were found, in comparison to group 3. The width of intestinal villi was higher in groups 2 and 1 than in group 3 (P < 0.05), similarly the depth of intestinal crypts. The addition of zeolite could be proposed because of the obtained production results, while the halloysite had a positive effect on the histomorphometric features of the jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Banaszak
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP - University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jakub Biesek
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP - University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Bogucka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP - University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agata Dankowiakowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP - University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Bartosz Bigorowski
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP - University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grabowicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP - University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Adamski
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP - University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Varol Avcılar Ö, Yalçın S, Onbaşılar EE, Ramay MS. Comparison of slaughter yields and some meat quality parameters in broilers reared on sepiolite-supplemented wood shavings and rice hulls. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1678-1683. [PMID: 30476277 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bedding materials have been tested in broiler industry for their suitability. However, little knowledge is available regarding the usage of different bedding materials supplemented with sepiolite and their effects on animal performance and final product quality. For this purpose, a total of 288 day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into two types of bedding materials (wood shavings and rice hulls). Each bedding material group was divided into 3 sub-groups: control with 0% sepiolite, 25%-sepiolite group, and 50%-sepiolite group. Each sub-group was placed in 6 pens with 8 chicks per pen. The effects of bedding materials and sepiolite additions on slaughter yields and some meat quality parameters in broilers were evaluated. Slaughter parameters including hot carcass yield and relative weights of thigh and breast meat, heart, liver, gizzard and bursa Fabricius in broilers were not affected by bedding materials and sepiolite additions (P > 0.05). Also, no significant differences were observed among experimental groups for cooking loss and nutritional profile of breast and thigh meat of broilers (P > 0.05). The freshly measured pH0 of breast and thigh meats was significantly affected by the bedding material and was higher for wood shavings group (P < 0.01). Breast and thigh meats of broilers reared on rice hulls were lighter (P < 0.01), less red, and less yellow in color than those reared on wood shavings, whereas no effect of sepiolite additions was observed on the color of both meat cuts. No substantial effect of bedding material and sepiolite additions was observed on white stripping; however, their occurrence rate found was very high for meat of broilers reared on rice hulls than those reared on wood shavings (P > 0.05). In conclusion, broilers reared on either wood shavings or rice hulls with or without sepiolite additions did not show any negative effects on slaughter yields and meat quality parameters. Furthermore, sepiolite can be an option as a bedding material for broiler industry, but further research with thorough economic analysis is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Varol Avcılar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, 80000, Turkey
| | - Suzan Yalçın
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, 42003, Turkey
| | - E Ebru Onbaşılar
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | - M Shazaib Ramay
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
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Soliman ES, Sallam NH, Abouelhassan EM. Effectiveness of poultry litter amendments on bacterial survival and Eimeria oocyst sporulation. Vet World 2018; 11:1064-1073. [PMID: 30250365 PMCID: PMC6141294 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1064-1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Broilers' optimum performance in response to their genetic potential depends on litter environment which is ideal for bacterial survival and coccidian oocyst sporulation. An in vitro evaluation was conducted for the effectiveness of superphosphate, meta-bisulfide, and charcoal litter amendments in minimizing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium survival, Eimeria oocyst count, and sporulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups of 16 litter trays were prepared and inoculated with E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, and Eimeria non-sporulated oocyst. A set of four trays in each group was designed for each one of the chemical amendments. A total of 720 litter samples were collected and examined for bacterial counts, Eimeria oocyst count, and sporulation during the experimental period (35 days). RESULTS Litter moisture and pH revealed a highly significant (p<0.001) reduction in all treated litter trays compared to control. Total bacterial count (TBC), total Enterobacteriaceae count, and S. Typhimurium count showed a highly significant (p<0.001) reduction in meta-bisulfide-treated trays compared to other amendments and positive control. Meanwhile, Eimeria oocyst count and sporulation revealed a highly significant (p<0.001) reduction in superphosphate, meta-bisulfide, and charcoal-treated trays, respectively. Temperature revealed a highly significant (p<0.001) weak positive correlation with pH of all inoculated trays, a highly significant (p<0.001) weak negative correlation with moisture percentage of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium inoculated trays, and a highly significant (p<0.001) weak negative correlation with TBC. Meanwhile, relative humidity revealed significant (p≤0.005) weak positive correlation with moisture percentage of E. coli O157:H7 inoculated trays. CONCLUSION The study concluded that regular usage with periodical reapplication of litter amendments as meta-bisulfide or superphosphate in poultry farms is one of the indispensable managemental and preventive measures for minimizing bacterial survival and inhibiting Eimeria oocyst maturation and sporulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam S. Soliman
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis and Animal Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Nahla H. Sallam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Abouelhassan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Naseem S, King AJ. Ammonia production in poultry houses can affect health of humans, birds, and the environment-techniques for its reduction during poultry production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15269-15293. [PMID: 29705898 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to greater consumption of poultry products and an increase in exports, more poultry houses will be needed. Therefore, it is important to investigate ways that poultry facilities can coexist in close proximity to residential areas without odors and environmental challenges. Ammonia (NH3) is the greatest concern for environmental pollution from poultry production. When birds consume protein, they produce uric acid, ultimately converted to NH3 under favorable conditions. Factors that increase production include pH, temperature, moisture content, litter type, bird age, manure age, relative humidity, and ventilation rate (VR). NH3 concentration and emissions in poultry houses depend on VR; seasons also have effects on NH3 production. Modern ventilation systems can minimize NH3 in enclosed production spaces quickly but increase its emissions to the environment. NH3 adversely affects the ecosystem, environment, and health of birds and people. Less than 10 ppm is the ideal limit for exposure, but up to 25 ppm is also not harmful. NH3 can be minimized by housing type, aerobic and anaerobic conditions, manure handling practices, litter amendment, and diet manipulation without affecting performance and production. Antibiotics can minimize NH3, but consumers have concerns about health effects. Administration of probiotics seems to be a useful replacement for antibiotics. More studies have been conducted on broilers, necessitating the need to evaluate the effect of probiotics on NH3 production in conjunction with laying hen performance and egg quality. This comprehensive review focuses on research from 1950 to 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Naseem
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Annie J King
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Svihus B, Itani K, Borg K, Larsson EC, Ao R, Sudubilige A, Fuerjiafu B, Liu H, Hetland H, Sanson G, Kierończyk B, Rawski M, Józefiak D. Performance and digestive function of broiler chickens given grit in the diet. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:530-535. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1332404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Svihus
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - K. Itani
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - K. Borg
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - E. C. Larsson
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - R. Ao
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - A. Sudubilige
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - B. Fuerjiafu
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - H. Liu
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | | | - G. Sanson
- Felleskjøpet Fôrutvikling, Trondheim, Norway
| | - B. Kierończyk
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznań, Poland
| | - M. Rawski
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznań, Poland
- Division of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - D. Józefiak
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznań, Poland
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