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Žitek Makoter T, Tancer Verboten M, Mirt I, Zupančić K, Cör Andrejč D, Knez Ž, Knez Marevci M. Beneficial Effects of Castanea sativa Wood Extract on the Human Body and Possible Food and Pharmaceutical Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:914. [PMID: 38611444 PMCID: PMC11013190 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to investigate the potential use of Castanea sativa wood extract as a food supplement and to evaluate its beneficial properties for human health. The results of the limited amount of studies suggest promising properties, including potential anti-inflammatory effects. The literature indicates that the extract, which is rich in bioactive compounds such as tannins, offers promising therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of conditions associated with chronic inflammation. Consequently, interest in its use in food and pharmaceuticals is growing. Phytochemical studies have reported antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and neuroprotective activities. A suitable extraction method and solvent is crucial for the isolation of bioactive compounds, being green extraction technologies outstanding for the industrial recovery of chestnut wood's bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize the importance of adhering to regulatory guidelines and obtaining the necessary approvals from regulatory authorities to ensure product safety and compliance. The regulation of herbal medicinal products with proven efficacy and traditional herbal medicinal products is well defined, monitored by authorized bodies, and subject to strict control measures. It is noteworthy that medicinal products are subject to stringent quality testing to ensure safety and efficacy in use, whereas there are no comparable regulatory standards and specific labeling requirements for dietary supplements. When using herbal products, compliance with established standards in health research is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taja Žitek Makoter
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Ž.M.); (D.C.A.); (Ž.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Ivan Mirt
- Tanin Sevnica, Hermanova 1, SI-8290 Sevnica, Slovenia; (I.M.); (K.Z.)
| | - Katarina Zupančić
- Tanin Sevnica, Hermanova 1, SI-8290 Sevnica, Slovenia; (I.M.); (K.Z.)
| | - Darija Cör Andrejč
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Ž.M.); (D.C.A.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Ž.M.); (D.C.A.); (Ž.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Knez Marevci
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Ž.M.); (D.C.A.); (Ž.K.)
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Mattioli LB, Corazza I, Micucci M, Pallavicini M, Budriesi R. Tannins-Based Extracts: Effects on Gut Chicken Spontaneous Contractility. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010395. [PMID: 36615589 PMCID: PMC9824427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The impossibility of using drugs for the health of farm animals leads to the search for alternative strategies with two purposes: to maintain animal health and safeguard human health. In this perspective, tannins have shown great promises. These phytocomplexes obtained from natural matrices with multiple health properties may be used as a feed supplement in chicken farms. In this work, we studied two tannin-based extracts (from Castanea sativa Mill. wood and from Schinopsis balansae Engl. Quebracho Colorado hardwood) with different chemical compositions on the spontaneous contractility on the isolated intestinal tissues of healthy chicken. The results showed that the chemical composition of the two phytocomplexes influenced the spontaneous intestinal contractility in different ways by regulating the tone and consequent progression of the food bolus. The chemical analysis of the two extracts revealed that Castanea sativa Mill. wood mainly contains hydrolysable tannins, while Schinopsis balansae Engl. hardwood mainly contains condensed tannins. The two phytocomplexes showed different effects towards gastrointestinal smooth muscle contractility, with Castanea sativa Mill. wood providing a better activity profile than Schinopsis balansae Engl. hardwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beatrice Mattioli
- Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Corazza
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Micucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.B.)
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Englmaierová M, Skřivan M, Taubner T, Skřivanová V. Increasing eggshell strength and fat-soluble vitamins content in yolk by including chestnut wood tannin in polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet of young hens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2109999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Englmaierová
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Skřivan
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Taubner
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Skřivanová
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tong Y, Lin Y, Di B, Yang G, He J, Wang C, Guo P. Effect of Hydrolyzed Gallotannin on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity of Yellow-Feather Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2971. [PMID: 36359094 PMCID: PMC9656923 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannins were traditionally considered as anti-nutritional factors in poultry production. Recent studies found that the addition of hydrolyzed gallotannin (HGT) could improve animal health; however, the proper dosage of HGT in chickens' diet is still unknown. Hence, our study aims to recommend its optimal dose by exploring the effects of HGT from Chinese gallnuts on the growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of yellow-feather broilers. A total of 288 male yellow-feather broilers (34.10 ± 0.08 g) were randomly allocated to four diet treatments, the basal diet with 0 (CON), 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg HGT for 63 days, respectively, with six replications per treatment and 12 birds per replication. The growth performance, slaughter performance, immune organ index, liver antioxidant-related indicators, and serum immune-related factors were evaluated. Results show that HGT supplementation did not influence the growth performance of broilers, but the diets supplemented with 300 and 450 mg/kg HGT increased the semi-eviscerated rate. Furthermore, HGT increased the content of liver T-AOC and the ratio of GSH/GSSG, which can protect against oxidative damage of birds. Additionally, supplementing HGT raised the contents of serum IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, IgA, and IgM. In conclusion, diet supplemented with 450 mg/kg HGT may be the optimal to the health of yellow-feather broilers on the whole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Changkang Wang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 250003, China
| | - Pingting Guo
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 250003, China
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Al-Mnaser A, Dakheel M, Alkandari F, Woodward M. Polyphenolic phytochemicals as natural feed additives to control bacterial pathogens in the chicken gut. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:253. [PMID: 35412092 PMCID: PMC9001821 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Poultry provides an important protein source consumed globally by human population, and simultaneously, acts as a substantial reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacterial species such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Clostridium perfringens. These bacterial species can include commensal strains with beneficial roles on poultry health and productivity, and pathogenic strains not only to poultry but zoonotically to man. This review paper evaluates the role of phytochemicals as possible alternatives to antibiotics and natural anti-bacterial agents to control antibiotic resistance in poultry. The focus of this paper is on the polyphenolic phytochemicals as they constitute the major group; carvacrol oil (the active ingredient of oregano), thymol oil (the main ingredient of oregano), oregano oil, and tannins oil as feed additives and their mechanism of actions that might enhance avian gut health by controlling antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains spread in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Al-Mnaser
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK.
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Sharq, Kuwait.
| | - Mohammed Dakheel
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Fatemah Alkandari
- Department of Plant Protection, Public Authority of Agriculture Affairs and Fish Resources, Al-Rabia, Kuwait
| | - Martin Woodward
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
- Folium Science, Unit DX, Bristol, BS2 0XJ, UK
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Castanea sativa shells: A review on phytochemical composition, bioactivity and waste management approaches for industrial valorization. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110364. [PMID: 34053557 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Castanea sativa is an outstanding species that represents a valuable natural resource for rural populations. C. sativa shells (CSS), an abundant agro-industrial by-product generated during chestnut peeling process, is commonly discarded or used as fuel. Nevertheless, CSS produced are not depleted by this application and huge amounts are still available, being particularly rich in bioactive compounds (polyphenols, vitamin E, lignin and oligosaccharides) with health benefits. Phytochemical studies reported not only antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, but also anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic and neuroprotective activities. The application of a suitable extraction technique is required for the isolation of bioactive compounds, being green extraction technologies outstanding for the industrial recovery of chestnut shells' bioactive compounds. CSS were highlighted as remarkable sources of functional ingredients with promising applications in food and nutraceutical fields, mainly as natural antioxidants and effective prebiotics. This review aims to summarize the phytochemical composition and pro-healthy properties of CSS, emphasizing the sustainable extraction techniques employed in the recovery of bioactive compounds and their potential applications in food and nutraceutical industries.
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Castillo A, Gariglio M, Franzoni A, Soglia D, Sartore S, Buccioni A, Mannelli F, Cassandro M, Cendron F, Castellini C, Mancinelli AC, Iaffaldano N, Iorio MD, Marzoni M, Salvucci S, Cerolini S, Zaniboni L, Schiavone A. Overview of Native Chicken Breeds in Italy: Conservation Status and Rearing Systems in Use. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020490. [PMID: 33673395 PMCID: PMC7917728 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The ongoing loss of domestic animal breeds around the world is occurring at an alarming rate. Thus, the registration and preservation of native breeds is of great importance. The aim of this study, which forms part of a conservation program, was to provide an overview of the conservation statuses of native Italian poultry breeds being reared by local breeders in Italy. The data collected by means of a census questionnaire demonstrate the low population sizes of these breeds in Italy and highlight the need for campaigns aimed at publicizing and promoting the benefits of native breeds with the goal of increasing population sizes. Identifying strategies to facilitate breeders’ access to pure breed birds is also essential, and would require collaborative efforts of university research centers, public entities, and breeders. Abstract The most reared species of farm animal around the world is the chicken. However, the intensification of livestock systems has led to a gradual increase in the concentration of a limited number of breeds, resulting in substantial erosion to the genetic pool. The initial step of an ‘animal conservation program’ entails establishing the actual conservation statuses of the breeds concerned in a defined area; in this case, in Italy. To this end, a survey of breeds was performed by means of a census questionnaire divided into two parts. The first part collected information on breeds, breeders, housing facilities, and management aspects, the results of which are presented here. The second part of the questionnaire regarded chicken products and their markets, and these data will be reported in a second paper. The breed status of six chicken breeds was shown to be exceptionally worrying, with total numbers ranging from just 18 to 186 birds. Population sizes exceeding 1000 birds was identified for just four breeds, the maximum being 3400. Some improvements in status were noted in relation to breeds which had been the subject of conservation efforts in the past. The two most common breeds reported are the Bionda Piemontese, a double-purpose breed, and the Livorno egg-laying hen. Collo Nudo Italiano, Millefiori Piemontese, Pollo Trentino, and Tirolese chicken breeds and the Castano Precoce turkey breed were not listed by breeders at all. The most reported turkey breeds are the Bronzato Comune and the Ermellinato di Rovigo. The population sizes of native Italian poultry breeds were shown to be generally poor. Italian poultry farmers and the population at large are largely ignorant about indigenous poultry breeds. Thus, promoting the virtues of Italian breeds would help their conservation by encouraging breeders to rear these birds and consumers to buy their products. The identification of strategies to facilitate access to pure breed birds is essential, and will require the collaboration of university research centers, public entities, and breeders. The results presented in this paper constitute the initial part of a more complex conservation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelisse Castillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessandro Franzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Cendron
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Nicolaia Iaffaldano
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Michele Di Iorio
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Margherita Marzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Salvucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Luisa Zaniboni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6709208
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Hassan ZM, Manyelo TG, Selaledi L, Mabelebele M. The Effects of Tannins in Monogastric Animals with Special Reference to Alternative Feed Ingredients. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204680. [PMID: 33066367 PMCID: PMC7587385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, the monogastric animal industry has witnessed an increase in feed prices due to several factors, and this trend is likely to continue. The hike in feed prices is mostly due to extreme competition over commonly used conventional ingredients. For this trend to be subdued, alternative ingredients of both plant and animal origin need to be sourced. These types of ingredients are investigated with the aim of substituting all or some of the conventional compounds. However, alternative ingredients often have a double-edged sword effect, in that they can supply animals with the necessary nutrients although they contain antinutritional factors such as tannins. Tannins are complex secondary metabolites commonly present in the plant kingdom, known to bind with protein and make it unavailable; however, recently they have been proven to have the potential to replace conventional ingredients, in addition to their health benefits, particularly the control of zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella. Thus, the purpose of this review is to (1) classify the types of tannins present in alternative feed ingredients, and (2) outline the effects and benefits of tannins in monogastric animals. Several processing methods have been reported to reduce tannins in diets for monogastric animals; furthermore, these need to be cost-effective. It can thus be concluded that the level of inclusion of tannins in diets will depend on the type of ingredient and the animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammed Hassan
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (Z.M.H.); (T.G.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Tlou Grace Manyelo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (Z.M.H.); (T.G.M.); (L.S.)
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - Letlhogonolo Selaledi
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (Z.M.H.); (T.G.M.); (L.S.)
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Monnye Mabelebele
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (Z.M.H.); (T.G.M.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-471-3983
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Performance of Slow-Growing Male Muscovy Ducks Exposed to Different Dietary Levels of Quebracho Tannin. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060979. [PMID: 32512810 PMCID: PMC7341193 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Different inclusion levels of Quebracho tannin (QT) in the diet of growing male Muscovy ducks of a slow-growing type were explored under free-range conditions. As a result of the dietary treatments tested in this trial, the growth performance or the total blood proteins were not affected. By contrast, dietary QT did not lead birds to produce less moist excreta, as observed in other bird species, as a desirable aspect for intensively raised poultry. A marked improvement in carcass yield was observed as a desirable economic trait in the extensive slow-type duck farming system. Abstract The study of the nutritional effects of tannins is complex due to the large chemical diversity; consequently, in poultry nutrition the biological responses may vary greatly. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary Quebracho tannins (QT) on growth and production performance in slow-growing type Muscovy ducks. For this purpose, a 42-d trial was carried out on 126 male ducks (42-d old at start), fed on three levels of dietary QT inclusion in the diet (0% as control diet, vs. 1.5% vs. 2.5% on an as fed basis). Birds were reared under free-range conditions. A linear increase in feed intake as a function of QT inclusion in the diet was observed (p < 0.05). No difference as to final body weight, overall average daily weight gain (ADG) and total feed conversion ratio (FCR) in relation to dietary treatments was observed. Carcass yields were positively improved in QT birds (p < 0.05). No adverse responses were recorded in total blood protein and liver weight. Dietary QT might be safely used up by to 2.5% in 42- to 84-d aged male Muscovy ducks.
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Franco D, Rois D, Arias A, Justo JR, Marti-Quijal FJ, Khubber S, Barba FJ, López-Pedrouso M, Manuel Lorenzo J. Effect of Breed and Diet Type on the Freshness and Quality of the Eggs: A Comparison between Mos (Indigenous Galician Breed) and Isa Brown Hens. Foods 2020; 9:foods9030342. [PMID: 32188038 PMCID: PMC7142747 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggs are a nutritious food, offering a balanced source of essential amino and fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. Genetic and diet factors can modify hen egg traits. Thus, the effects of breed and feed on egg quality using two laying hens, Mos (autochthonous breed) and Isa Brown (commercial hybrid), and three feeds, commercial fodder (CF), corn/pea/triticale (CPT) and corn/wheat (CW), were investigated. Freshness parameters (egg weight, eggshell weight and thickness, albumen height, Haugh units and yolk color), chemical composition, color and textural parameters, as well as fatty acid profile, were assessed on a total of 288 eggs, from the two breeds. The samples were divided in 96 eggs, corresponding to each of the three dietary treatments. There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in albumen height and Haugh units, obtaining the highest values for Isa Brown genotype; meanwhile, laying hens fed with CF had the highest weight, as well as the greatest eggshell thickness. Cooked yolks of Isa Brown eggs presented the highest values of luminosity, while the yellowness was higher for Mos eggs. Regarding the texture of eggs, genotype was again the parameter having the greatest impact, obtaining higher values in hardness, gumminess and chewiness in those eggs from the Mos breed. Concerning egg chemical composition, it was affected by breed and diet type, but Mos eggs were characterized by a significantly (p < 0.001) higher contents of fat (9.53% vs. 7.58%), protein (12.31% vs. 11.66%) and ash (1.10% vs. 1.04%) than Isa Brown ones. Finally, diet type influenced the fatty acid profile, mainly affecting oleic and linoleic acids, which showed significantly (p < 0.05) highest values (42.90 and 14.66 g/100 g of total fatty acids) in CW and CF diets, respectively. Overall, breed and bird diet factors had a strong effect on egg quality and nutritional profile. Moreover, eggs from Mos hens had more attractive nutritional indices, and they could even be improved more by changing the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Franco
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
| | - Diego Rois
- Federacion de Razas Autóctonas de Galicia (BOAGA), Pazo de Fontefiz, 32152 Coles (Ourense), Spain; (D.R.); (A.A.); (J.R.J.)
| | - Anisia Arias
- Federacion de Razas Autóctonas de Galicia (BOAGA), Pazo de Fontefiz, 32152 Coles (Ourense), Spain; (D.R.); (A.A.); (J.R.J.)
| | - José Ramón Justo
- Federacion de Razas Autóctonas de Galicia (BOAGA), Pazo de Fontefiz, 32152 Coles (Ourense), Spain; (D.R.); (A.A.); (J.R.J.)
| | - Francisco J. Marti-Quijal
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (F.J.M.-Q.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Sucheta Khubber
- Food Engineering and Nutrition, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India;
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (F.J.M.-Q.); (F.J.B.)
| | - María López-Pedrouso
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Turchi B, Mancini S, Pastorelli R, Viti C, Tronconi L, Bertelloni F, Felicioli A, Cerri D, Fratini F, Paci G. Dietary supplementation of chestnut and quebracho tannins mix: Effect on caecal microbial communities and live performance of growing rabbits. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:129-136. [PMID: 30897395 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The interest in antimicrobial compounds as feed additives is currently increasing. Among different options, tannins seem to have several beneficial effects when employed in animals diet. The present study aimed at investigating the influence on caecal microbial communities of the supplementation of a chestnut and quebracho tannins mix in meat rabbit's diet, also considering animals live performances. Four groups of rabbits were fed with a different diet: a control diet (C); a control diet with coccidiostat (CC), and two experimental diets with 0.3% (T0.3) and 0.6% (T0.6) chestnut and quebracho tannins mix. For microbial analysis, culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were employed. Live performances were not significantly affected by tannins mix supplementations, as well as culturable microbial loads of E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. C. perfringens was always under the detection limit. A consistent result was obtained by qPCR. As for PCR-DGGE analysis, the Richness and evenness (Shannon-Weiner index) of bacterial communities in caecum resulted significantly higher in control samples (C and CC) than in those from rabbit fed with tannin-containing diets. Sequencing analysis revealed that the phylum Firmicutes was less represented in samples from control groups. As for the methanogen archaeal DGGE, no significant differences were found in richness and diversity among different groups, all dominated by Methanobrevibacter spp.. This work highlights the potential antimicrobial effect of chestnut and quebracho tannins mix in an in vivo system revealed by molecular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Turchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simone Mancini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'economia Agraria (CREA-AA), via di Lanciola 12/A, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Carlo Viti
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, Section of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Laura Tronconi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Antonio Felicioli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Domenico Cerri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filippo Fratini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gisella Paci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, Italy.
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Panzella L, Napolitano A. Natural Phenol Polymers: Recent Advances in Food and Health Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E30. [PMID: 28420078 PMCID: PMC5488010 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural phenol polymers are widely represented in nature and include a variety of classes including tannins and lignins as the most prominent. Largely consumed foods are rich sources of phenol polymers, notably black foods traditionally used in East Asia, but other non-edible, easily accessible sources, e.g., seaweeds and wood, have been considered with increasing interest together with waste materials from agro-based industries, primarily grape pomace and other byproducts of fruit and coffee processing. Not in all cases were the main structural components of these materials identified because of their highly heterogeneous nature. The great beneficial effects of natural phenol-based polymers on human health and their potential in improving the quality of food were largely explored, and this review critically addresses the most interesting and innovative reports in the field of nutrition and biomedicine that have appeared in the last five years. Several in vivo human and animal trials supported the proposed use of these materials as food supplements and for amelioration of the health and production of livestock. Biocompatible and stable functional polymers prepared by peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of natural phenols, as well as natural phenol polymers were exploited as conventional and green plastic additives in smart packaging and food-spoilage prevention applications. The potential of natural phenol polymers in regenerative biomedicine as additives of biomaterials to promote growth and differentiation of osteoblasts is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, Naples I-80126, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, Naples I-80126, Italy.
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