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Martins EM, Pascoal PM, Manão AA, Rosa PJ. The Interplay of Worry and Relationship Satisfaction to Understand Sexual Distress: An APIM Study with Heterosexual Couples Using Cross-Sectional Data. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2024; 50:878-893. [PMID: 39183638 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2024.2391390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The current study takes an integrative approach, considering individual transdiagnostic processes and relationship outcomes. It assumes an interdependence approach and aims to test a dyadic model to analyze the impact of worry and relationship satisfaction on heterosexual couples' sexual -distress, an essential factor for diagnosing sexual dysfunction. The current study recruited 103 couples from the community to complete an online survey containing the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire - Abbreviated, and the Global Measure of Relationship Satisfaction. The results show that women's and men's worries are associated with their own sexual distress, and men's relationship satisfaction has an effect on their own and their partner's sexual distress. These results highlight the critical role of cognitive processes in shaping the experience of sexual distress and reinforce the importance of taking an integrative perspective that considers relationship (satisfaction), individual (worry) and social factors (gender) in interventions to treat sexual distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna M Martins
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M Pascoal
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia A Manão
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro J Rosa
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Manuel Teixeira Gomes (ISMAT), Portimão, Portugal
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2
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Raposo CF, Nobre PJ, Manão AA, Pascoal PM. Understanding sexual distress related to sexual function (SDRSF): A preliminary framework based on a qualitative study with clinical sexologists. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100473. [PMID: 39021678 PMCID: PMC467054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sexual distress related to sexual function (SDRSF) is pivotal in diagnosing sexual dysfunction. However, there is a lack of theoretical models for its comprehension and of knowledge concerning how to address it in clinical practice. Aim To contribute to theory building and clinical practice about SDRSF by collecting clinicians' accounts, aiming to inform a preliminary framework to study and intervene in SDRSF. Method Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data from 16 semi-structured interviews with clinical sexologists. Results: Three main themes were created: (1) Burning from the inside, (2) Wicked games, and (3) Running up that hill. Participants revealed a multidimensional understanding of SDRSF in clinical settings that integrates individual, sociocultural, interpersonal and situational factors. This underscores the interconnected nature of SDRSF, revealing its links to different facets of overall distress in clinical settings. We present a preliminary framework that may be analytically generalized to enhance the comprehension of the specificities of SDRSF. Conclusion These insights frame a comprehensive conceptualization of SDRSF in clinical settings that goes beyond sexual activity and implies that interpersonal and societal factors need to be considered in research and intervention in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina F. Raposo
- Center for Psychology at the University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro J. Nobre
- Center for Psychology at the University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia A. Manão
- Lusófona University, HEI‐Lab: Digital Human‐Environment Interaction Labs, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M. Pascoal
- Lusófona University, HEI‐Lab: Digital Human‐Environment Interaction Labs, Portugal
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Şahin AB, Büyüktopcu E, Tükel R. Evaluation of Sexual Function According to Gender and Sexual Orientation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A National Online Survey Study. TURK PSIKIYATRI DERGISI = TURKISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2024; 35:56-62. [PMID: 38556937 PMCID: PMC11003367 DOI: 10.5080/u26948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronavirus Diseases-19 (COVID-19) pandemic that has caused the death of thousands of people affected negatively not only people's physical wellbeing but also their mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual function, depression, anxiety and stress, and fear of COVID-19 of individuals according to gender and sexual orientation during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD The questionnaire form included sociodemographic data form, the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-Short Form (DASS-21), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). The form was distributed on social media platforms. RESULTS 1593 sexually active participants were included in the study. 47.5% of the participants were females and 52.5% were males. 86.9% of them were heterosexuals and 13.1% were lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. ASEX, DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress, and FCV-19S scores were significantly higher in females than males (p<0.001). When anxiety, depression, stress, and fear of COVID-19 were controlled, level of sexual dysfunction continued to be higher in women. We found that while the ASEX and FCV-19S scores were similar between the heterosexuals and LGBs (respectively p=0.66 and p=0.31), the DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scores were higher in LGBs (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results reveal the effect of the pandemic period on female sexual functions and the importance of addressing this topic in clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raşit Tükel
- Prof., İstanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey
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4
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Validity of Adult Psychopathology Model Using Psychiatric Patient Sample from a Developing Country: Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Ment Illn 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9594914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. This study is aimed at testing and validating the two-factor measurement model of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). Specifically, this paper reported construct validity, particularly focusing on convergent and discriminant validities of the internalizing-externalizing MCMI model of adult psychopathology using a psychiatric sample from a developing country, the Republic of Yemen. Methods. MCMI was distributed among 232 outpatients from the Hospital of Taiz City and two private psychiatry clinics in Yemen; data were collected using structured interviews over four months. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to explore and confirm the latent structure MCMI and verify the evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Results. The CFA results indicated that MCMI was a good fit for the internalizing-externalizing two-factor model of adult psychopathology, comparative fit index
, and
. The results of the CFA provide evidence of convergent and discriminant validity characterized by MCMI with the internalizing-externalizing model. Conclusion. The adult psychopathology of internalizing-externalizing is a valid measurement model of MCMI with ten personality disorders and eight clinical syndromes.
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Peixoto MM, Ribeiro V. Repetitive Negative Thinking and Sexual Functioning in Portuguese Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2022; 34:567-576. [PMID: 38596387 PMCID: PMC10903578 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2084201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process involved in the development and maintenance of emotional disorders that negatively affect sexual functioning. However, empirical evidence for the role of RNT on sexual functioning is still lacking. The current study aimed to investigate the role of RNT on sexual functioning in men and women by examining differences in RNT between men and women and between individuals with and without subclinical sexual difficulties. It also aimed to investigate the predictive role of RNT on sexual function indices in men and women. Methods: A total of 424 participants (270 women) completed online a sociodemographic questionnaire and Portuguese versions of the Persistent and Intrusive Negative Thoughts Scale, the Female Sexual Functioning Index, and the International Index of Erectile Function. Results: The main findings showed that women scored significantly higher than men on the RNT. Similarly, individuals with subclinical sexual difficulties scored significantly higher on the RNT compared with individuals without sexual difficulties. RNT was a statistically significant and negative predictor of sexual functioning in women and men. The role of RNT on sexual functioning in women and men was found, with men and women with subclinical sexual difficulties more likely to express persistent and intrusive negative thoughts compared with men and women without sexual difficulties. Conclusions: In summary, RNT appears to be a negative predictor of sexual functioning in both women and men, suggesting that individuals with more intrusive and negative persistent thoughts also have more difficulty in their sexual response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuela Peixoto
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento Positivo, Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade Lusíada do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Ribeiro
- Instituto de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade Lusíada do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Watson D, Levin-Aspenson HF, Waszczuk MA, Conway CC, Dalgleish T, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Hobbs KA, Michelini G, Nelson BD, Sellbom M, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Waldman I, Witthöft M, Wright AGC, Kotov R, Krueger RF. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional dysfunction superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2022; 21:26-54. [PMID: 35015357 PMCID: PMC8751579 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a quantitative nosological system that addresses shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, including arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co-occurrence, substantial heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic unreliability over time and across clinicians. This paper reviews evidence on the validity and utility of the internalizing and somatoform spectra of HiTOP, which together provide support for an emotional dysfunction superspectrum. These spectra are composed of homogeneous symptom and maladaptive trait dimensions currently subsumed within multiple diagnostic classes, including depressive, anxiety, trauma-related, eating, bipolar, and somatic symptom disorders, as well as sexual dysfunction and aspects of personality disorders. Dimensions falling within the emotional dysfunction superspectrum are broadly linked to individual differences in negative affect/neuroticism. Extensive evidence establishes that dimensions falling within the superspectrum share genetic diatheses, environmental risk factors, cognitive and affective difficulties, neural substrates and biomarkers, childhood temperamental antecedents, and treatment response. The structure of these validators mirrors the quantitative structure of the superspectrum, with some correlates more specific to internalizing or somatoform conditions, and others common to both, thereby underlining the hierarchical structure of the domain. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the internalizing and somatoform spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and greater clinical applicability. Validated measures are currently available to implement the HiTOP system in practice, which can make diagnostic classification more useful, both in research and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | | | - Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael N Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate - West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kelsey A Hobbs
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Witthöft
- Department for Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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7
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Nobre P, Rosa PJ, Vasconcelos P, Tavares I, Carvalho J, Quinta-Gomes A, Moura C, Carrito M. Sexual Health and the Pandemic Crisis: Testing the Role of Psychological Vulnerability/Protective Factors on Sexual Functioning and Sexual Distress During a Critical Life Period in Portugal. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:169-181. [PMID: 35028806 PMCID: PMC8757627 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that the current COVID-19 pandemic has a potential negative impact in several areas of life, including sexual health. However, less is known about the psychological dimensions that may work as vulnerability/protective factors for the development of sexual problems in the current pandemic. The current study used a longitudinal design to examine the role played by personality trait factors (neuroticism, extraversion) as well as psychosexual factors (sexual beliefs) in predicting sexual functioning and sexual distress across time during the current pandemic crisis. A total of 528 individuals (337 women) completed a web survey assessing sexual health indicators and psychological factors. The first wave was conducted during the confinement period in Portugal (N = 528) between May and June 2020 and the second four months later (N = 146), when strict confinement rules were over. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine the ability of psychological factors to predict sexual functioning and distress across time, while controlling for age and gender. Results indicated that sexual distress at time point 2 was lower than during confinement, and men had lower levels of sexual functioning post-confinement while no significant difference was observed for women. Moreover, higher levels of neuroticism and age-related beliefs significantly predicted lower sexual functioning as well as higher sexual distress, whereas lower levels of extraversion predicted lower sexual functioning after controlling for age and gender effects. Findings support the role of psychological vulnerability factors to predict sexual problems across time and may have important implications in the prevention and treatment of sexual dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nobre
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology at University of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro J Rosa
- Lusófona University, Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISMAT, Transdisciplinary Research Center (ISHIP), Portimão, Portugal
| | - Priscila Vasconcelos
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology at University of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Tavares
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology at University of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology at University of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Quinta-Gomes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology at University of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Moura
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology at University of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Carrito
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology at University of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
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8
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Carrito ML, Carvalho J, Pereira A, Bem-Haja P, Nobre P, Santos IM. Neuroticism and Attention Toward Sexual and Non-Sexual Images During an Oddball Task: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:2517-2529. [PMID: 34282504 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While previous research has argued that neuroticism is a vulnerability factor for the experience of sexual difficulties, the basic cognitive processes associated with the impact of such a personality trait on the processing of sexually explicit stimuli are less understood. The current study examined the influence of neuroticism on the attentional processes and its neurophysiological correlates during the perception of sexual and non-sexual images. Event-related potentials from 30 women and 28 men were recorded during a modified oddball paradigm in which participants of both sexes visualized stimuli from three different categories (sexual, non-sexual positive, and non-sexual negative), and two arousal levels (high and low arousal). A P1 latency effect was found for female participants, in which high neuroticism was associated with longer latencies for pornographic compared to romantic sexual images. Higher levels of neuroticism were also associated with higher P3 amplitudes for highly arousing images, with both sexual and non-sexual content. Results were interpreted in light of the information processing model of sexual arousal and showed that neuroticism seems to impact both automatic and conscious pathways of processing of sexual stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L Carrito
- Centro de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Centro de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Bem-Haja
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Nobre
- Centro de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M Santos
- William James Center for Research, Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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9
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Carvalho J, Pascoal PM. Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 in Portugal. J Sex Med 2020; 17:1212-1215. [PMID: 32534860 PMCID: PMC7261466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Carvalho
- Escola de Psicologia e Ciências da Vida, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal; HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment and Interactions Lab, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia M Pascoal
- Escola de Psicologia e Ciências da Vida, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal; CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; CPUP, Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Porto, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Wong KTK, Forbes MK. Evidence that Relationship Quality, Social Support, and SSRI Use Do Not Account for the Shared Underlying Relationships among Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Female Sexual Dysfunction. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:365-374. [PMID: 31318304 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1640177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has suggested that the shared characteristics and co-occurrence among depression, anxiety, and female sexual dysfunction may represent a shared underlying liability (i.e., the internalizing spectrum, which traditionally accounts for the overlap between depression and anxiety in psychopathology research). To date, however, whether common covariates shared by these symptom domains might instead account for the interrelationships has not been examined. Three such potential confounders include intimate relationship quality, social support, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use. We therefore aimed to examine whether and to what extent controlling for these covariates affects the structure of an internalizing spectrum model that includes sexual problems. Participants (n = 525, mean [SD] age = 32 [11.1]) were women who participated in an online self-report survey and were in a current intimate relationship. Hierarchical exploratory structural equation models of the internalizing spectrum were compared before and after controlling for relationship quality, social support, and SSRI use and were markedly similar, indicating that the model was robust. This study provides further evidence that the internalizing spectrum can account for the relationships among depression, anxiety, and low sexual function in women, which has potential implications for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University
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11
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Waszczuk MA, Eaton NR, Krueger RF, Shackman AJ, Waldman ID, Zald DH, Lahey BB, Patrick CJ, Conway CC, Ormel J, Hyman SE, Fried EI, Forbes MK, Docherty AR, Althoff RR, Bach B, Chmielewski M, DeYoung CG, Forbush KT, Hallquist M, Hopwood CJ, Ivanova MY, Jonas KG, Latzman RD, Markon KE, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Pincus AL, Reininghaus U, South SC, Tackett JL, Watson D, Wright AGC, Kotov R. Redefining phenotypes to advance psychiatric genetics: Implications from hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 129:143-161. [PMID: 31804095 PMCID: PMC6980897 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic discovery in psychiatry and clinical psychology is hindered by suboptimal phenotypic definitions. We argue that the hierarchical, dimensional, and data-driven classification system proposed by the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) consortium provides a more effective approach to identifying genes that underlie mental disorders, and to studying psychiatric etiology, than current diagnostic categories. Specifically, genes are expected to operate at different levels of the HiTOP hierarchy, with some highly pleiotropic genes influencing higher order psychopathology (e.g., the general factor), whereas other genes conferring more specific risk for individual spectra (e.g., internalizing), subfactors (e.g., fear disorders), or narrow symptoms (e.g., mood instability). We propose that the HiTOP model aligns well with the current understanding of the higher order genetic structure of psychopathology that has emerged from a large body of family and twin studies. We also discuss the convergence between the HiTOP model and findings from recent molecular studies of psychopathology indicating broad genetic pleiotropy, such as cross-disorder SNP-based shared genetic covariance and polygenic risk scores, and we highlight molecular genetic studies that have successfully redefined phenotypes to enhance precision and statistical power. Finally, we suggest how to integrate a HiTOP approach into future molecular genetic research, including quantitative and hierarchical assessment tools for future data-collection and recommendations concerning phenotypic analyses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Bach
- Centre of Excellence on Personality Disorder
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12
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Brandes CM, Tackett JL. Contextualizing neuroticism in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Karterud SW, Kongerslev MT. A Temperament-Attachment-Mentalization-Based (TAM) Theory of Personality and Its Disorders. Front Psychol 2019; 10:518. [PMID: 30967807 PMCID: PMC6439347 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Theories of personality and its disorders need, from time to time, to be revised and updated according to new empirical and conceptual developments. Such development has taken place in the realms of affective neuroscience, evolution, and social cognition. In this article, we outline a new personality theory, which claims that phenomena we usually ascribe to the concept personality are best understood by postulating a web consisting of three major constituents: temperament (mainly primary emotions), attachment, and self-consciousness (mentalizing). We describe these constituents, their neurobiological underpinnings, the subjective experiences they evoke, and their behavioral implications. We discuss the relevance of the espoused theory in the field of personality disorders with references to borderline, narcissistic, and avoidant personality disorders as well as the DSM-5 alternative model. Implications for social psychology, psychotherapy, and common sense self-understanding are outlined. The theory aims to bridge previous contradictions between natural sciences and hermeneutics by its propositions of the evolution of self-consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickey T. Kongerslev
- Centre of Excellence on Personality Disorder, Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand Psychiatry, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Forbes MK, Kotov R, Ruggero CJ, Watson D, Zimmerman M, Krueger RF. Delineating the joint hierarchical structure of clinical and personality disorders in an outpatient psychiatric sample. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 79:19-30. [PMID: 28495022 PMCID: PMC5643220 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large body of research has focused on identifying the optimal number of dimensions - or spectra - to model individual differences in psychopathology. Recently, it has become increasingly clear that ostensibly competing models with varying numbers of spectra can be synthesized in empirically derived hierarchical structures. METHODS AND MATERIALS We examined the convergence between top-down (bass-ackwards or sequential principal components analysis) and bottom-up (hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis) statistical methods for elucidating hierarchies to explicate the joint hierarchical structure of clinical and personality disorders. Analyses examined 24 clinical and personality disorders based on semi-structured clinical interviews in an outpatient psychiatric sample (n=2900). RESULTS The two methods of hierarchical analysis converged on a three-tier joint hierarchy of psychopathology. At the lowest tier, there were seven spectra - disinhibition, antagonism, core thought disorder, detachment, core internalizing, somatoform, and compulsivity - that emerged in both methods. These spectra were nested under the same three higher-order superspectra in both methods: externalizing, broad thought dysfunction, and broad internalizing. In turn, these three superspectra were nested under a single general psychopathology spectrum, which represented the top tier of the hierarchical structure. CONCLUSIONS The hierarchical structure mirrors and extends upon past research, with the inclusion of a novel compulsivity spectrum, and the finding that psychopathology is organized in three superordinate domains. This hierarchy can thus be used as a flexible and integrative framework to facilitate psychopathology research with varying levels of specificity (i.e., focusing on the optimal level of detailed information, rather than the optimal number of factors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam K. Forbes
- 2450 Riverside Ave, Suite F227, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities Campus, MN, 55454.
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, HSC, Level T-10, Room 060H, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8101, United States.
| | - Camilo J. Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX, 76203,
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, 118 Haggar Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
| | - Mark Zimmerman
- 146 West River St, Suite 11b, Providence, RI 02904, United States..
| | - Robert F. Krueger
- N414 Elliot Hall, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities Campus, MN, 55455.
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van Anders SM. Welcome to the 2017 Annual Review of Sex Research. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:409-410. [PMID: 28362127 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1302718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sari M van Anders
- a Department of Psychology and Department of Women's Studies , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor
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