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Zhang C, Chen Y, Long Y, Zheng H, Jing J, Pan W. Helicobacter pylori and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Recent Advances and Controversies. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2024; 18:11795549241234637. [PMID: 38558880 PMCID: PMC10979532 DOI: 10.1177/11795549241234637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H pylori), a gastric bacterium, has been extensively studied for its association with gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. However, recent evidence suggests its potential implications beyond the stomach, linking it to other gastrointestinal malignancies, such as esophageal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, and colorectal cancer. In light of the expanding research landscape and the increasing interest in exploring H pylori broader role in gastrointestinal tumorigenesis, this comprehensive review aims to elucidate the relationship between H pylori and gastrointestinal tumors. This review encompasses recent epidemiological studies, research progress, and emerging perspectives, providing a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between H pylori and gastrointestinal tumors. The findings highlight the captivating world of H pylori and its intricate involvement in gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Cancer Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Long
- Cancer Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Cancer Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiyong Jing
- Cancer Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wensheng Pan
- Cancer Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Diagnosis, Treatment and Pharmaceutical Development of Gastrointestinal Tract Tumors, Hangzhou, China
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Svistunov AA, Osadchuk MA, Mironova ED, Guliaev PV, Vasileva IN. The role of the main risk factors and endocrine cells of the antrum of the stomach producing motilin in the occurrence of cholelithiasis. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:194-199. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To establish the role of the main risk factors and endocrine cells of the antrum of the stomach producing motilin (M-cells) in the occurrence of cholelithiasis.
Materials and methods. The first group included 122 patients with cholelithiasis. The second group consisted of 30 healthy individuals who underwent medical examination. The groups were matched for gender and age. The work analyzed anamnestic, biochemical and anthropometric data. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with targeted biopsy of the mucous membrane from the antrum. Biopsies were subjected to cytological and immunohistochemical studies in order to verify Helicobacter pylori and estimate the number of M-cells.
Results. Patients with cholelithiasis more often belonged to the group of people of mental labor, had low physical activity, were committed to inappropriate nutrition and more often indicated the presence of aggravated heredity for cholelithiasis. Patients with gallstone disease had higher body mass index, waist volume, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, H. pylori infection was more often verified and M-cell hypoplasia in the mucous membrane was established. stomach in comparison with the representatives of the second group.
Conclusion. Our results suggest that certain external factors, nutritional characteristics of the metabolic syndrome components, hypoplasia of M-cells in the gastric mucosa are important factors in the formation of calculi in the gallbladder.
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Qian M, Cao S, Wang T, Xu X, Zhang Q. Apoptosis triggered by cytolethal distending toxin B subunit of Helicobacter hepaticus is aggravated by autophagy inhibition in mouse hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 598:40-46. [PMID: 35151202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes injury caused by cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) are major events during helicobacter hepaticus (H.hepaticus) infection. Recent study showed that pre-survival autophagy was promoted against CdtB subunit induced DNA damage. In the present study, we demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ expression and STAT phosphorylation were promoted by CdtB. Besides, CdtB decreased cell viability while promote apoptosis in mouse liver (AML12) cells. Especially, apoptotic protein caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP were activated while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was decreased after CdtB treatment. Moreover, apoptosis induced by CdtB was inhibited due to Erk/p38 MAPK signaling pathway suppression performed with SB203580 or U0126. Meanwhile, we found that CdtB increased autophagic marker levels accompanied by Akt/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway in a dose dependent manner. To assess the correlation between autophagy and apoptosis induced by H.hepaticus, chloroquine (CQ, 50 μM) was employed to inhibit autophagy. The result showed that inhibition of autophagy with CQ treatment promoted apoptosis induced by CdtB. Altogether, all these results suggest that CdtB triggers apoptosis via MAPK/Erk/p38 signaling pathway in caspase dependent manner, which was prevented by autophagy in AML12 cells. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the virulence potential of CdtB on the molecular pathogenesis throughout H.hepaticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qian
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuyang Cao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangming Xu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.
| | - Quan Zhang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Choi SJ, Kim Y, Jeon J, Gwak HJ, Kim M, Kang K, Kim Y, Jeong J, Jung YK, Lee KG, Choi HS, Jung DH, Lee SG, Lee Y, Shin SJ, Jang K, Rho M, Choi D. Association of Microbial Dysbiosis with Gallbladder Diseases Identified by Bile Microbiome Profiling. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e189. [PMID: 34282606 PMCID: PMC8289718 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholecystitis is an important risk factor for gallbladder cancer, but the bile microbiome and its association with gallbladder disease has not been investigated fully. We aimed to analyze the bile microbiome in normal conditions, chronic cholecystitis, and gallbladder cancer, and to identify candidate bacteria that play an important role in gallbladder carcinogenesis. METHODS We performed metagenome sequencing on bile samples of 10 healthy individuals, 10 patients with chronic cholecystitis, and 5 patients with gallbladder cancer, and compared the clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of the participants. RESULTS No significant bacterial signal was identified in the normal bile. The predominant dysbiotic bacteria in both chronic cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer were those belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Klebsiella increased significantly in the order of normal, chronic cholecystitis, and gallbladder cancer. Patients with chronic cholecystitis and dysbiotic microbiome patterns had larger gallstones and showed marked epithelial atypia, which are considered as precancerous conditions. CONCLUSION We investigated the bile microbiome in normal, chronic cholecystitis, and gallbladder cancer. We suggest possible roles of Enterobacteriaceae, including Klebsiella, in gallbladder carcinogenesis. Our findings reveal a possible link between a dysbiotic bile microbiome and the development of chronic calculous cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ji Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jehyun Jeon
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jin Gwak
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mimi Kim
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyojin Kang
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yohan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Jung
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Geun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Soon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Jung
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Gyu Lee
- Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangsoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiseok Jang
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Mina Rho
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ochoa S, Collado L. Enterohepatic Helicobacter species - clinical importance, host range, and zoonotic potential. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:728-761. [PMID: 34153195 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1924117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The genus Helicobacter defined just over 30 years ago, is a highly diverse and fast-growing group of bacteria that are able to persistently colonize a wide range of animals. The members of this genus are subdivided into two groups with different ecological niches, associated pathologies, and phylogenetic relationships: the gastric Helicobacter (GH) and the enterohepatic Helicobacter (EHH) species. Although GH have been mostly studied, EHH species have become increasingly important as emerging human pathogens and potential zoonotic agents in the last years. This group of bacteria has been associated with the development of several diseases in humans from acute pathologies like gastroenteritis to chronic pathologies that include inflammatory bowel disease, and liver and gallbladder diseases. However, their reservoirs, as well as their routes of transmission, have not been well established yet. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge of taxonomy, epidemiology, and clinical role of the EHH group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ochoa
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Collado
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
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Wang L, Chen J, Jiang W, Cen L, Pan J, Yu C, Li Y, Chen W, Chen C, Shen Z. The Relationship between Helicobacter pylori Infection of the Gallbladder and Chronic Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:8886085. [PMID: 33505946 PMCID: PMC7806380 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8886085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is proved to be the main pathogenic agent of various diseases, including chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer. In addition, chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis are common worldwide, which are supposed to increase the total mortality of patients. Epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between H. pylori infection of the gallbladder and chronic cholecystitis/cholelithiasis still remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of overall studies to investigate the relationship between H. pylori infection of the gallbladder and chronic cholecystitis/cholelithiasis. Two researchers searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to obtain all related and eligible studies published before July 2020. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by the random-effects model. Subgroup analysis, heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analysis were also conducted. Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1735 participants and 1197 patients with chronic cholecystitis/cholelithiasis. Helicobacter species infection of the gallbladder was positively correlated with increased risk of chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, especially H. pylori (OR = 3.05; 95% CI, 1.81-5.14; I 2 = 23.5%). Besides, country-based subgroup analysis also showed a positive correlation between the gallbladder H. pylori positivity and chronic cholecystitis/cholelithiasis risk. For Asian and non-Asian country studies, the ORs were 4.30 (95% CI, 1.76-10.50; I 2 = 37.4%) and 2.13 (95% CI, 1.23-3.70; I 2 = 0.0%), respectively. The association was more obvious using the bile sample and urease gene primer. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provided evidence that there is a positive correlation between H. pylori infection in the gallbladder and increased risk of chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Endoscopy Center, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Junyin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital, Shaoxing College of Arts and Sciences, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenxi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Cen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Elsalem L, Jum'ah AA, Alfaqih MA, Aloudat O. The Bacterial Microbiota of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Role in Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:151-185. [PMID: 32440192 PMCID: PMC7211962 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s243337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota has an essential role in the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal diseases including cancer. This effect is mediated through different mechanisms such as damaging DNA, activation of oncogenic pathways, production of carcinogenic metabolites, stimulation of chronic inflammation, and inhibition of antitumor immunity. Recently, the concept of "pharmacomicrobiomics" has emerged as a new field concerned with exploring the interplay between drugs and microbes. Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiota and their metabolites have a major impact on the pharmacodynamics and therapeutic responses toward anticancer drugs including conventional chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapeutics. In addition, microbiota appears as an attractive target for cancer prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of bacterial microbiota in the pathogenesis of different cancer types affecting the gastrointestinal tract system. We also scrutinize the evidence regarding the role of microbiota in anticancer drug responses. Further, we discuss the use of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and antibiotics, either alone or in combination with anticancer drugs for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Elsalem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A Jum'ah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Osama Aloudat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Cherif S, Rais H, Hakmaoui A, Sellami S, Elantri S, Amine A. Linking Helicobacter pylori with gallbladder and biliary tract cancer in Moroccan population using clinical and pathological profiles. Bioinformation 2019; 15:735-743. [PMID: 31831956 PMCID: PMC6900325 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of interest to assess the clinical and pathological aspects of Gallbladder and biliary tract carcinomas confirmed by histological data. It is also of further interest to evaluate the link between Helicobacter pylori and biliary tract cancers. Eighty-nine (89) cases (mean age 60±12 years) of Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer confirmed by histological data were enrolled for the study at the Department of Pathology in Mohammed VI University Hospital, in Morocco. The data such as age, sex, clinical and histo pathological features were collected. Bile duct specimens were investigated for H. pylori using Giemsa and immuno histo chemistry staining. Results show that bile duct stones were found in 53.9% of cases. It is known using histological data that adeno carcinoma is common accounting for 70 % of all bile duct tumors. Moreover, Helicobacter pylori was detected in 54% of cases linking with the presence of bile duct stones characterized by the histological subtype, the macroscopic classification and lymph node's presence (p<0.001). Thus, data collected suggest the potential association of Helicobacter pylori with gallbladder cancer possibly through the formation of bile duct stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Cherif
- Department of Pathology, ARRAZI Hospital, Biopathology Laboratory-Clinical Research Center, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment, and Agrifood, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques-Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Morocco/URAC-36
- Department of Gynecology, Charite University Medicine, Campus Virchow, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanane Rais
- Department of Pathology, ARRAZI Hospital, Biopathology Laboratory-Clinical Research Center, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelmalk Hakmaoui
- Department of Pathology, ARRAZI Hospital, Biopathology Laboratory-Clinical Research Center, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Souad Sellami
- Department of Pathology, ARRAZI Hospital, Biopathology Laboratory-Clinical Research Center, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Said Elantri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment, and Agrifood, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques-Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Morocco/URAC-36
| | - Abdessamad Amine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment, and Agrifood, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques-Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Morocco/URAC-36
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Ari A, Tatar C, Yarikkaya E. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori-positivity in the gallbladder and stomach and effect on gallbladder pathologies. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:4904-4910. [PMID: 31434515 PMCID: PMC6833382 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519847345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Helicobacter pylori commonly occurs in the stomach, but localizations outside the stomach and related diseases have also been investigated. However, the relationship between H. pylori and gallstones remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the relationships between H. pylori in the stomach and the gallbladder and gallstones. Methods This prospective case-control study included patients who underwent cholecystectomy because of gallstones, pancreatic head cancer, or hepatic resection. The patients were separated into two groups according to the detection of H. pylori in gallbladder samples using Giemsa staining. Stomach H. pylori status was based on previous gastroscopy. Results The study enrolled 60 patients, comprising 27 patients with gallstones and 33 without. There was no significant difference in the incidence of gallstones between patients with or without H. pylori in the stomach or gallbladder. Furthermore, the presence of H. pylori in the stomach was measured in 14 patients and was significantly correlated with H. pylori in the gallbladder. Conclusion The current study showed no relationship between the occurrence of gallstones and the presence of H. pylori in either the gallbladder or the stomach. In contrast to previous reports, this suggests that H. pylori does not play a role in the development of gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ari
- Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihad Tatar
- Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enver Yarikkaya
- Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Isaeva G. Distribution of Helicobacter pylori genotypes in various sites of the hepatobiliary system. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.18.02479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Fatemi SM, Doosti A, Shokri D, Ghorbani-Dalini S, Molazadeh M, Tavakoli H, Minakari M, Tavakkoli H. Is There a Correlation between Helicobacter Pylori and Enterohepatic Helicobacter Species and Gallstone Cholecystitis? Middle East J Dig Dis 2018; 10:24-30. [PMID: 29682244 PMCID: PMC5903923 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2017.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Cholecystitis is a common surgical condition. Recently, several authors have reported that
DNA of bile tolerant Helicobacter spp. has been found in the human bile colonizing the biliary
tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the presence of Helicobacter
spp. and gallstone cholecystitis.
METHODS
In this case-control study, gallstones, bile, and gallbladder mucosa were collected from 25
patients without gallstone disease, 24 with acute cholecystitis, and 28 with chronic cholecystitis.
The presence of
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Helicobacter bilis (H. bilis), Helicobacter hepaticus
(H. hepaticus)
, and Helicobacter pullorum (H. pullorum) were investigated by polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) using species-specific primers.
RESULTS
In this study, 77 subjects with acute and chronic cholecystitis and control groups with a mean
age of 46.85 ± 14.53 years, including 58 (67.25%) women and 19 (32.75%) men were included.
DNA of 10 Helicobacter spp. was detected in the bile of the patients with cholecystitis including
eight H. pylori and two H. bilis. However, we could not detect H. hepaticus and H. pullorum DNA in
the samples. Moreover, there was an association between H. pylori and acute cholecystitis (p = 0.048),
which was found to be stronger in 31-40-year-olds group (p = 0.003).
CONCLUSION
We found an association between the presence of H. pylori DNA and acute gallstone cholecystitis.
There is not statistically significant correlation between three enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. (
H.
bilis, H. hepaticus
, and H. pullorum) and cholelithiasis. Given the low sample size of the patients,
more studies are required to clear the clinical role of Helicobacter spp. in the gallstone disease
and cholecystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Masih Fatemi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dariush Shokri
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Molazadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Tavakoli
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Mohammad Minakari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Tavakkoli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Javed S, Gul F, Javed K, Bokhari H. Helicobacter pullorum: An Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:604. [PMID: 28443081 PMCID: PMC5385324 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pullorum (H.pullorum) commonly colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of poultry causing gastroenteritis. The bacterium may be transmitted to humans through contaminated meat where it has been associated with colitis and hepatitis. Despite the high prevalence of H. pullorum observed in poultry, little is known about the mechanisms by which this bacterium establishes infection in host and its virulence determinants. In this article we aim to provide an overview of this emerging zoonotic pathogen; its general characteristics, hosts, prevalence, and transmission as well as its pathogenic potential. We also discuss possible control strategies and risk of disease emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Javed
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Gul
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashaf Javed
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
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Deenonpoe R, Mairiang E, Mairiang P, Pairojkul C, Chamgramol Y, Rinaldi G, Loukas A, Brindley PJ, Sripa B. Elevated prevalence of Helicobacter species and virulence factors in opisthorchiasis and associated hepatobiliary disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42744. [PMID: 28198451 PMCID: PMC5309894 DOI: 10.1038/srep42744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that Opisthorchis viverrini serves as a reservoir of Helicobacter and implicate Helicobacter in pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Here, 553 age-sex matched cases and controls, 293 and 260 positive and negative for liver fluke O. viverrini eggs, of residents in Northeastern Thailand were investigated for associations among infection with liver fluke, Helicobacter and hepatobiliary fibrosis. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in O. viverrini-infected than uninfected participants. H. pylori bacterial load correlated positively with intensity of O. viverrini infection, and participants with opisthorchiasis exhibited higher frequency of virulent cagA-positive H. pylori than those free of fluke infection. Genotyping of cagA from feces of both infected and uninfected participants revealed that the AB genotype accounted for 78% and Western type 22%. Participants infected with O. viverrini exhibited higher prevalence of typical Western type (EPIYA ABC) and variant AB'C type (EPIYT B) CagA. Multivariate analyses among H. pylori virulence genes and severity of hepatobiliary disease revealed positive correlations between biliary periductal fibrosis during opisthorchiasis and CagA and CagA with CagA multimerization (CM) sequence-positive H. pylori. These findings support the hypothesis that H. pylori contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic opisthorchiasis and specifically to opisthorchiasis-associated CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksawan Deenonpoe
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Departments of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Pisaln Mairiang
- Departments of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Yaovalux Chamgramol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine &Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health &Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine &Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Patnayak R, Reddy V, Jena A, Gavini S, Thota A, Nandyala R, Chowhan AK. Helicobacter pylori in Cholecystectomy Specimens-Morphological and Immunohistochemical Assessment. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:EC01-3. [PMID: 27437221 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/14802.7716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma and gastric lymphoma. Current literature describes presence of H.pylori in various extra-gastric locations and its association with many diseases. Apart from the conventional location of gastric and duodenal mucosa, H.pylori have been isolated and cultured from gallbladder. AIM Analysis of cholecystectomy specimens to detect H.pylori by means of immunohistochemical staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were a total of 118 cholecystectomy specimens received in the Department of Pathology in three months duration. We have performed immunostaining for H.pylori in 45 consecutive cases of cholecystectomy specimen. Clinical and other investigational information were retrieved from the medical records department. For each case, routine Haematoxylin and Eosin stain was studied. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done using purified polyclonal Helicobacter pylori antiserum. RESULTS Majority of the patients had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the presenting complaint of right hypochondrial pain. Multiple pigmented stones were present in majority (27/45) of them. Immunostain for H.pylori was positive in ten cases. Six of these cases had pigmented gall stones, two had stones not specified and in two of the cases there were no stones. CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori is present in gall bladder and is commonly seen in association with stones. A more detailed study of cholecystectomy cases (both neoplastic and non-neoplastic) with serological, culture and molecular data of H.pylori is desirable to study the pathogenesis of cholecystitis, its association with gall stones and other gall bladder disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Patnayak
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Venkatarami Reddy
- Assistant Professor, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amitabh Jena
- Additional Professor, Department of Surgical Oncology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Siva Gavini
- Assistant Professor, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sri Venkeateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati, India
| | - Asha Thota
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rukamangadha Nandyala
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Chowhan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences , Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Avilés-Jiménez F, Guitron A, Segura-López F, Méndez-Tenorio A, Iwai S, Hernández-Guerrero A, Torres J. Microbiota studies in the bile duct strongly suggest a role for Helicobacter pylori in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:178.e11-178.e22. [PMID: 26493848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECCA) represents the sixth commonest cause of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract in western countries. We aimed to characterize the microbiota and its predicted associated functions in the biliary tract of ECCA and benign biliary pathology (BBP). Samples were taken from 100 patients with ECCA and 100 patients with BBP by endoscopic cholangio-pancreatography for DNA extraction. Ten patients with ECCA and ten with BBP were selected for microbiota studies using the V4-16S rRNA gene and sequenced in Illumina platform. Microbiota analyses included sample-to-sample distance metrics, ordination/clustering and prediction of functions. Presence of Nesterenkonia sp. and Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA genes were tested in the 100 ECCA and 100 BBP samples. Phylum Proteobacteria dominated all samples (60.4% average). Ordination multicomponent analyses showed significant microbiota separation between ECCA and BBP (p 0.010). Analyses of 4002 operational taxonomic units with presence variation in at least one category probed a separation of ECCA from BBP. Among these, Nesterenkonia decreased, whereas Methylophilaceae, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Actinomyces, Novosphingobium and H. pylori increased in ECCA. Predicted associated functions showed increased abundance of H. pylori virulence genes in ECCA. cagA and vacA genes were confirmed by PCR in ECCA and BBP samples. This is the first microbiota report in ECCA and BBP to show significant changes in microbial composition. Bacterial species unusual for human flora were found: Methylophilaceae and Nesterenkonia are reported in hypersaline soils, and Mesorhizobium is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium. Enrichment of virulence genes confirms previous studies suggesting that H. pylori might be associated with ECCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Avilés-Jiménez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, IMSS, Mexico
| | - A Guitron
- Departamento de Endoscopía Digestiva, UMAE 71 IMSS, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - F Segura-López
- Departamento de Anestesiología, UMAE 71 IMSS, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - A Méndez-Tenorio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - S Iwai
- Second Genome, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - J Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, IMSS, Mexico.
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16
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Segura-López FK, Avilés-Jiménez F, Güitrón-Cantú A, Valdéz-Salazar HA, León-Carballo S, Guerrero-Pérez L, Fox JG, Torres J. Infection with Helicobacter bilis but not Helicobacter hepaticus was Associated with Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Helicobacter 2015; 20:223-30. [PMID: 25582431 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The biliary tract cancer or cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents the sixth leading cause of gastrointestinal tumors in the Western world, and mortality varies across the world, with regions such as Chile, Thailand, Japan, and northeastern India presenting the highest rates. CCA may develop in the bile duct, gallbladder, or ampulla of Vater; and risk factors include obesity, parity, genetic background, geographical and environmental factors. Inflammation induced by bacterial infections might play a role in the pathogenesis of CCA. In this work, we investigated whether there is an association between extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECCA) and infection with S. typhi, H. hepaticus, or H. bilis in a Mexican population. METHODS A total of 194 patients were included and divided into 91 patients with benign biliary pathology (controls) and 103 with ECCA (cases). Tumor samples were taken during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography by biliary brushing, followed by DNA extraction and PCR testing for infections. RESULTS We found that 44/103 cases were positive for H. bilis, compared with 19/91 controls (p = 0.002; OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.49-5.32), and when analyzed by sub-site, H. bilis infection was significantly more associated with cancer in the common bile duct (p = 0.0005; OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.77-7.17). In contrast, H. hepaticus infection was not different between cases (17/103) and controls (13/91) (p = 0.82; OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.54-2.60). None of the samples were positive for S. typhi infection. CONCLUSION In conclusion, infection with H. bilis but neither H. Hepaticus nor S. typhi was significantly associated with ECCA, particularly with tumors located in the common bile duct.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Avilés-Jiménez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, IMSS, México City, DF, México
| | | | - Hilda A Valdéz-Salazar
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, IMSS, México City, DF, México
| | - Samuel León-Carballo
- Departamento de Endoscopía Digestiva, ISSSTECH, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | | | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, IMSS, México City, DF, México
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17
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Hassan EH, Gerges SS, El-Atrebi KA, El-Bassyouni HT. The role of H. pylori infection in gall bladder cancer: clinicopathological study. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7093-8. [PMID: 25877756 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work demonstrated the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the bile and gallbladder of more than 75 % of patients with gallbladder cancer and more than 50 % of patients with chronic cholecystitis. The aim of the work was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori in the gallbladder of patients operated on for chronic cholecystitis and relating their presence to the precancerous histological changes. In our study, fifty patients were operated on for chronic cholecystitis. The patients were subdivided into two groups (each includes 25 patients): H. pylori-positive group, who had H. pylori in their gallbladder mucosa detected by Giemsa stain, and H. pylori-negative group. The histological findings (mucosal erosions, atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, lymphoid infiltration, musculosa hypertrophy, and fibrosis) were compared between the two groups. Comparing the histological findings of the H. pylori-infected gallbladders with the non-infected ones, the gallbladders with mucosal hyperplasia, metaplasia/dysplasia, and lymphoid infiltration showed statistically significant differences, with a P value of 0.028, 0.049, and 0.022, respectively. On the other hand, no statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups in the degree of mucosal erosions (P = 0.299), atrophy, musculosa hypertrophy (P = 1.000), and fibrosis (P = 1.000). These results highlight the role of H. pylori infection in aggravating the mucosal lesions (mucosal hyperplasia, metaplasia, and lymphoid infiltration) of the gallbladder that is considered potentially precancerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Hassan Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shawkat S Gerges
- Surgery Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamal A El-Atrebi
- General Medicine and Hepatology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala T El-Bassyouni
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Center, El-Tahreer Street, Cairo, Egypt.
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18
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Murphy G, Michel A, Taylor PR, Albanes D, Weinstein SJ, Virtamo J, Parisi D, Snyder K, Butt J, McGlynn KA, Koshiol J, Pawlita M, Lai GY, Abnet CC, Dawsey SM, Freedman ND. Association of seropositivity to Helicobacter species and biliary tract cancer in the ATBC study. Hepatology 2014; 60:1963-71. [PMID: 24797247 PMCID: PMC4216769 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Helicobacter have been detected in human bile and hepatobiliary tissue. Despite evidence that Helicobacter species promote gallstone formation and hepatobiliary tumors in laboratory studies, it remains unclear whether Helicobacter species contribute to these cancers in humans. We used a multiplex panel to assess whether seropositivity to 15 Helicobacter pylori proteins was associated with subsequent incidence of hepatobiliary cancers in the Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. We included 64 biliary cancers, 122 liver cancers, and 224 age-matched controls which occurred over the course of 22 years. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was defined as those positive to ≥ 4 antigens. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for major hepatobiliary cancer risk factors. Among the controls, 88% were seropositive to H. pylori at baseline. Among those who subsequently developed hepatobiliary cancer, the prevalence of seropositivity was higher: 100% for gallbladder cancer, 97% of extrahepatic bile duct cancer, 91% of ampula of Vater cancer, 96% of intrahepatic bile duct cancer, and 94% of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the OR for gallbladder cancer could not be calculated, the OR for the other sites were 7.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-62.33), 2.21 (0.19-25.52), 10.67 (0.76-150.08), and 1.20 (0.42-3.45), respectively, with an OR of 5.47 (95% CI: 1.17-25.65) observed for the biliary tract cancers combined. ORs above 1 were observed for many of the investigated antigens, although most of these associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Seropositivity to H. pylori proteins was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancers in ATBC. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to determine how H. pylori might influence the risk of biliary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Murphy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angelika Michel
- Division of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis, Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip R. Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kirk Snyder
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Julia Butt
- Division of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis, Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis, Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Y. Lai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian C. Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sanford M. Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Aituov B, Duisembekova A, Bulenova A, Alibek K. Pathogen-driven gastrointestinal cancers: Time for a change in treatment paradigm? Infect Agent Cancer 2012; 7:18. [PMID: 22873119 PMCID: PMC3508868 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-7-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cancerous tumor development is converged upon by multiple pathways and factors. Besides environmental factors, gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancer can be caused by chronic inflammation, which is generally induced by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The role of these inducers in cancer development, cell differentiation and transformation, cell cycle deregulation, and in the expression of tumor-associated genes cannot be ignored. Although Helicobacter pylori activates many oncogenic pathways, particularly those in gastric and colorectal cancers, the role of viruses in tumor development is also significant. Viruses possess significant oncogenic potential to interfere with normal cell cycle control and genome stability, stimulating the growth of deregulated cells. An increasing amount of recent data also implies the association of GI cancers with bacterial colonization and viruses. This review focuses on host-cell interactions that facilitate primary mechanisms of tumorigenesis and provides new insights into novel GI cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bauyrzhan Aituov
- Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Assem Duisembekova
- Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel Bulenova
- Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Kenneth Alibek
- Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Care, 3 Kerey and Zhanibek Khan Street, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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20
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Bansal VK, Misra MC, Chaubal G, Datta Gupta S, Das B, Ahuja V, Sagar S. Helicobacter pylori in gallbladder mucosa in patients with gallbladder disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 2012; 31:57-60. [PMID: 22350820 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-012-0162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter species have been found to be associated with biliary tract diseases. This prospective study was done to determine the prevalence of H. pylori in the biliary tract of patients suffering from gallbladder disease. METHODS Forty-nine patients undergoing laparoscopic/open cholecystectomy for benign biliary tract diseases were investigated with urea breath test for H. pylori infection of gastric antrum. Bile and gallbladder tissues were studied for presence of H. pylori by rapid urease test, histopathological examination, culture and PCR analysis. Gallbladder specimens from two patients who underwent Whipple's operation and from 10 cadavers were studied as controls. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of patients was 42.4 (11.1) years. Urea breath test was positive in 17 (34.6%) cases. Rapid urease test was negative in all the cases. There was no evidence of H. pylori infection of gallbladder on histopathological examination using H&E, Giemsa and Warthin Starry stains. H. pylori DNA were detected in 16 patients (32.6%) and none of the 12 controls by PCR analysis (p = 0.025). The presence of H. pylori DNA in bile and/or gallbladder was associated with positive urea breath test, (p < 0.0001). Other factors like age, gender, jaundice and cholestasis were not associated with H. pylori infection of bile and gallbladder. CONCLUSIONS Nearly three quarters of patients with positive urea breath test have detectable H. pylori DNA in gallbladder tissue. The significance of these findings needs to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virinder Kumar Bansal
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Room No. 5021, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India.
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21
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Karagin PH, Stenram U, Wadström T, Ljungh &A. Helicobacter species and common gut bacterial DNA in gallbladder with cholecystitis. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:4817-22. [PMID: 20939110 PMCID: PMC2955251 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i38.4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the association between Helicobacter spp. and some common gut bacteria in patients with cholecystitis.
METHODS: A nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), specific to 16S rRNA of Helicobacter spp. was performed on paraffin-embedded gallbladder samples of 100 cholecystitis and 102 control cases. The samples were also analyzed for some common gut bacteria by PCR. Positive samples were sequenced for species identification.
RESULTS: Helicobacter DNA was found in seven out of 100 cases of acute and chronic cholecystitis. Sequence analysis displayed Helicobacter pullorum (H. pullorum) in six cases and Helicobacter pylori in one; H. pullorum was only found in cases with metaplasia. Control samples were negative for Helicobacter spp. and some common gut bacteria. There was a significant difference (P = 0.007) between cholecystitis and control samples for Helicobacter DNA.
CONCLUSION: A possible relationship was detected between Helicobacter DNA and cholecystitis. Further serological and immunohistochemical studies are needed to support these data.
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Moricz AD, Melo M, Castro AM, Campos TD, Silva RA, Pacheco Jr AM. Prevalence of Helicobacter spp in chronic cholecystitis and correlation with changes on the histological pattern of the gallbladder. Acta Cir Bras 2010; 25:218-24. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502010000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Establish the prevalence of Helicobacter spp in chronic cholecystitis and its correlation with the gallbladder's histological findings. METHODS: 100 patients were operated for chronic cholecystitis with cholecystolithiasis. In pathological examination of the gallbladder, were evaluated the presence of metaplasia, dysplasia, lymphoid follicles, anaplasia and tumors that might be related to the presence of Helicobacter plus the presence of the bacilli Giemsa? by optical microscopy. From the DNA extracted from the gallbladder's bile, PCR was performed by using specific primers for the identification of Helicobacter spp with amplification of the 400bp segment of rRNA gene16S, with positive control DNA from Helicobacter pylori. All the cases negative for isolation of genetic material were excluded. The cases of PCRΘ and GiemsaΘ were used as negative control group. The histological findings were compared to the presence of bacilli and PCR data using a chi-square and Fisher's Exact test (CI = 95.0%, p <0.05). RESULTS: Of 68 patients, 42 (61.8%) were PCR? for Helicobacter spp and 19 (27.9%) had Giemsa?. There was no correlation between the two findings. The PCR? for Helicobacter spp was not correlated to the histological findings. The presence of lymphoid follicles and metaplasia was related to the Giemsa? (p = 0.025 and p= 0.039). CONCLUSION: There is high prevalence of Helicobacter spp in patients with chronic cholecystitis and cholecystolithiasis without be correlated with the histological patterns studied.
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Shimoyama T, Takahashi R, Abe D, Mizuki I, Endo T, Fukuda S. Serological analysis of Helicobacter hepaticus infection in patients with biliary and pancreatic diseases. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25 Suppl 1:S86-9. [PMID: 20586873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Infection with Helicobacter hepaticus has been associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma and gallstones in animal models. In humans, however, the association of H. hepaticus infection with biliary and pancreatic diseases has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to serologically examine the prevalence of H. hepaticus infection in patients with biliary and pancreatic diseases. METHODS Serum samples obtained from 55 patients with cholelithiasis, 18 with bile duct or gallbladder cancer and 19 with pancreatic cancer were studied. Sera were obtained from 34 control subjects who underwent endoscopy and were diagnosed as not having peptic ulcers or cancers. Seropositivity of H. hepaticus was examined by western blot analysis using a H. hepaticus-specific antigen. To validate the specificity, positive sera were also tested after absorption with H. hepaticus whole-cell sonicate. Serum samples were also tested for the presence of anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody. RESULTS Prevalence of antibody to H. hepaticus-specific antigen in patients with bile tract cancer was 38.8% and was significantly higher than in control subjects (13.1%, P < 0.05). Prevalence of antibody to H. hepaticus-specific antigen was 18.2% and 10.5% in patients with cholelithiasis and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Seropositivity for H. pylori was similar in all groups. Detection of the H. hepaticus-specific band was significantly decreased after the sera were absorbed with H. hepaticus whole-cell sonicate. CONCLUSION Infection with H. hepaticus might be associated with bile duct cancer. Results obtained from absorbed sera suggested high specificity of the western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Shimoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
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Casswall TH, Németh A, Nilsson I, Wadström T, Nilsson HO. Helicobacter species DNA in liver and gastric tissues in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45:160-7. [PMID: 20095882 DOI: 10.3109/00365520903426915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS) have previously been found in adults with hepatobiliary diseases. Here, we report the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and EHS in liver and gastric tissue in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease (CLD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-seven consecutive children and adolescents with CLD with or without ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease (UC/CD) were investigated. Tissue samples were analysed using a Helicobacter genus-specific 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and DNA-sequence analysis. Sera from 61 subjects were also analysed using enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting. RESULTS The Helicobacter PCR was positive in 3/23 (13%) livers from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and UC, and in 1/2 livers from patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and UC. Sequenced PCR products matched the 16S rDNA of H. hepaticus, H. muridarum, H. canis, and H. pylori, respectively. H. ganmani and H. bilis were detected in gastric tissues from two AIH patients. H. hepaticus and H. pullorum were found in livers from two patients with acute liver failure and intrahepatic cholestasis. Antibody reactivity to Helicobacter cell-surface proteins was negative. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori and EHS can be detected in the livers of some patients with UC and concomitant liver disease, as well as in other children with liver diseases. Multicentre studies from different locations are needed to find out whether these bacteria play a pathogenetic role or whether their presence is an epiphenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Casswall
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Astrid Lindgren's Children's Hospital at Karolinska University Hospital, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sabbaghian MS, Ranaudo J, Zeng L, Alongi AP, Perez-Perez G, Shamamian P. Identification of Helicobacter spp. in bile and gallbladder tissue of patients with symptomatic gallbladder disease. HPB (Oxford) 2010; 12:129-33. [PMID: 20495657 PMCID: PMC2826671 DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2009.00148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This experimental study was designed to determine if Helicobacter spp. contribute to benign gallbladder disease using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. METHODS Patients with benign gallbladder disease scheduled for elective cholecystectomy at New York University Langone Medical Center were recruited from February to May 2008. Bile, gallbladder tissue and gallstones were collected. DNA was isolated from these specimens and amplified via PCR using C97F and C98R primers specific for Helicobacter spp. Appropriate positive and negative controls were used. Products were analysed with agarose gel electrophoresis, sequenced and results aligned using sequencher. Plasma was collected for detection of anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Of 36 patients, 12 patients' bile and/or tissue were positive for Helicobacter spp. by PCR. Species were most homologous with H. pylori, although other Helicobacter spp. were suggested. Six of 12 patients demonstrated anti-Helicobacter antibodies in plasma, suggesting that the remaining six might have demonstrated other species besides H. pylori. Four of six plasma samples with anti-Helicobacter antibodies were anti-CagA (cytotoxin associated gene) negative. DISCUSSION Helicobacter spp. can be detected in bile and gallbladder tissue of patients with benign gallbladder disease. The contribution of these bacteria to the pathophysiology of gallbladder disease and gallstone formation requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shirin Sabbaghian
- Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Medical CenterNew York, NY
| | - Jeffrey Ranaudo
- Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Medical CenterNew York, NY
| | - Lin Zeng
- Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Medical CenterNew York, NY
| | - Alexandra P Alongi
- Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Medical CenterNew York, NY
| | | | - Peter Shamamian
- Department of Surgery, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston and the Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
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Abstract
Infections account for significant GI morbidity and mortality worldwide. New organisms are being identified, associated with diarrhoeal illness and some with other gastrointestinal illness as well. Among GI viruses, Sapovirus is now recognised to cause diarrhoea, especially in children. A hypervirulent strain of Clostridium difficile has caused epidemics in many countries. Newly identified bacterial species that may cause diarrhoea include Campylobacter concisus, Arcobacteria, Edwardsiella tarda, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas and Laribacter. Helicobacteria are reviewed, as well as the role of gastric acid suppression in predisposing to enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schlenker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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Abstract
Helicobacter species have been found in human bile and biliary tract (BT) tissue and are suspected to cause BT diseases, including gallbladder and extrahepatic cancers, collectively referred to in this work as BT cancers. We conducted a literature review of the epidemiological evidence linking the presence of Helicobacter species in bile or BT biopsies to BT cancers and benign diseases. Reports showed great variability with respect to study methods. Nine studies of BT cancers were identified, all with 30 or fewer BT cancers; eight included cancer-free control subjects and used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a means of Helicobacter species detection. In four of these studies, Helicobacter species were detected in patients with BT cancer significantly more frequently than in controls, at least when controls without BT diseases were used. In two studies, no Helicobacter species were detected in either cases or controls. Helicobacter species were also often detected in benign BT diseases such as gallstone disease or chronic cholecystitis. As our current knowledge relies on a few small studies that showed substantial differences, larger studies and more standardised protocols for detecting DNA and antibodies against Helicobacter species are needed to investigate a potential association with BT cancer.
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Evaluation of surgical outcomes and gallbladder characteristics in patients with biliary dyskinesia. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12:1324-30. [PMID: 18543048 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-008-0546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was designed to compare symptomatic outcomes following cholecystectomy in patients with biliary dyskinesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 1999 to 2006 at New York University Medical Center, 197 adults underwent hepatobiliary scintigraphy with cholecystokinin administration to evaluate gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF). Biliary dyskinesia was demonstrated in 120 patients based on decreased GBEF of </=35%. Forty-four patients underwent cholecystectomy, and data from chart review and telephone questionnaires were available for 42 patients. Patients reported symptomatic improvement whether gallstones were present (25/27, 92.6%) or absent (13/15, 86.7%) prior to cholecystectomy (p = 0.90). The most common pathologic findings were chronic cholecystitis and cholesterolosis, regardless of the presence of gallstones. Additional data from 101 of the 120 patients with decreased GBEF demonstrated 74/101 (73.2%) patients were diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and 59/101 (58.4%) patients were diagnosed with gastritis. RESULTS The results of this study suggest that biliary dyskinesia should be considered as part of the spectrum of symptomatic gallbladder disease that can be successfully treated with cholecystectomy and that biliary dyskinesia is associated with GERD and gastritis.
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Cross-reactivity between immune responses to Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter pylori in a population in Thailand at high risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:1363-8. [PMID: 18596203 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00132-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter bilis DNA has been detected in human tissue and is a candidate for etiologic investigations on the causes of hepatic and biliary tract diseases, but reliable serologic tests need to be developed in order to pursue such investigations. The scope of this study was to assess the specificity of two assays for H. bilis immune response allowing for H. pylori, and their cross-reactivity in a population in Thailand at high risk for cholangiocarcinoma. Plasma samples from 92 Thai volunteers were independently tested in two laboratories (Massachusetts Institute of Technology [MIT] and Lund). MIT performed three analyses of H. pylori and H. bilis based either on (i) outer membrane protein (OMP) with no preabsorption or on antigens derived from whole-cell sonicate before (ii) or after (iii) preabsorption with H. pylori sonicate protein. Lund used cell surface proteins from H. pylori and H. bilis as antigens. Testing for H. bilis was preabsorbed with a whole-cell lysate of H. pylori. More than 80% of the samples were positive for H. pylori in both laboratories. As tested by MIT, 58.7% (95% confidence interval, 47.9 to 68.9%) were positive for H. bilis by OMP and 44.5% (34.1 to 55.3%) were positive for H. bilis sonicate protein, but only 15.2% (8.6 to 24.2%) remained positive after preabsorption with H. pylori sonicate protein. Lund found 34.5% of the samples positive for H. bilis (22.0 to 41.0%), which was statistically compatible with all three MIT results. Serologic responses to OMPs of the two bacteria coincided in 66 and 45% of the samples in the MIT and Lund assays, respectively. We found high cross-reactivity between the immune responses to H. pylori and H. bilis antigens. More-specific H. bilis antigens need to be isolated to develop serologic tests suitable for epidemiological studies.
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Pellicano R, Ménard A, Rizzetto M, Mégraud F. Helicobacter species and liver diseases: association or causation? THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2008; 8:254-60. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(08)70066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Suksumek N, Leelawat K, Leelawat S, Russell B, Lek-Uthai U. TaqMan real-time PCR assay for specific detection of Opisthorchis viverrini DNA in Thai patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Exp Parasitol 2008; 119:217-24. [PMID: 18329641 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop TaqMan real-time PCR assay that detected Opisthorchis viverrini DNA from 18 normal and 18 tumor tissue specimens from Thai patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), who underwent liver resection from October 2005 to May 2006. Control liver specimens were seven non-primary liver cancers. A conserved probe representing 100% sequence homology was used as a reference for O. viverrini-specific probe. Five of six tumors (83%) and all six normal tissues from CCA group; and seven of twelve tumors (58%) and ten of twelve normal tissues (83%) from HCC group were found to have O. viverrini DNA. The O. viverrini DNA detection among HCC and CCA patients were not associated (p=0.193; 90%CI). This RT-PCR will be a useful tool for investigating the relationship between cancer type and presence of the parasite and also for conducting epidemiological surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithikoon Suksumek
- Division of Molecular Laboratory, Vachira Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Owen RJ, Xerry J. Geographical conservation of short inserts in the signal and middle regions of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin gene. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2007; 153:1176-1186. [PMID: 17379727 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2006/002923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Short nucleotide sequence inserts within the signal (s) and mid (m) regions of the vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vacA) of Helicobacter pylori provide the basis for defining the allelic forms widely used for strain typing and as markers for toxin functionality and severity of interactions with host gastric epithelial cells. Here 484 signal region and 411 mid-region sequences (new and from public databases) from 32 countries were analysed to determine the effect of geographical location on insert diversity, which is currently undefined. Short (27 bp) inserts of 52 mol% G+C from 201 sequences (98 %) of the s2 allelic family encoded a highly conserved nine amino acid sequence irrespective of geographical origin. The longer (75 bp) mid-region insert of 38 mol% G+C in 255 sequences of the m2 allelic family was more diverse and represented by 23 peptide variants, with one predominant sequence (MRI type 4) representing 62 % of inserts. Mid-region inserts were widespread throughout European/North American (Western) sequences in the dataset whereas a lower insert frequency was a geographical feature of East Asian sequences. Each insert was preceded by an associated conserved motif that provided a marker of the insertion sites within vacA, and facilitated identification of the Chinese m2b genotype. It is concluded that the observed sequence conservation supports the continued global use of vacA genotyping, and that inserts could have a functional significance in the mature protein, particularly the s2 form of the toxin, as the same combination of signal and mid-region insert type and preinsert motif was highly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Owen
- Campylobacter and Helicobacter Research/Reference Unit, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Jacqueline Xerry
- Campylobacter and Helicobacter Research/Reference Unit, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK
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Misra V, Misra SP, Dwivedi M, Shouche Y, Dharne M, Singh PA. Helicobacter pylori in areas of gastric metaplasia in the gallbladder and isolation of H. pylori DNA from gallstones. Pathology 2007; 39:419-24. [PMID: 17676484 DOI: 10.1080/00313020701444473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess if the areas of gastric metaplasia in the gallbladder are colonised by Helicobacter pylori and to conduct a molecular study of gallstones for presence of H. pylori DNA. METHODS Sections from 111 gallbladders with evidence of gastric metaplasia on H&E and Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (pH 2.5) stain were stained with Loeffler's methylene blue and Warthin Starry stain for demonstration of H. pylori. Presence of H. pylori was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Formalin fixed mucosal tissues and gallstones from 11 cases showing heavy colonisation were subjected to molecular analysis. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori was present in 50 of 111 (45%) sections with gastric metaplasia. Areas adjacent to gastric metaplasia in gallbladder showed acute inflammation (6%) and lymphoid follicle formation in 58% of cases with H. pylori that were significantly higher than those seen in sections without H. pylori. In molecular study, 8 of 11 gallstones showed 16S rDNA. Amplification of material from one stone showed positivity for atpA, efp, mutY, ppa, trpC, UreI and vacA genes. Phylogenetic affiliation study of the isolates indicated that H. pylori sequence from the gallstones clustered with Indian strains of H. pylori. No considerable difference was observed in phylogenetic affiliations of eight stones studied. CONCLUSION H. pylori colonises areas of gastric metaplasia in gallbladder producing histological changes similar to those seen in gastric mucosa. Isolation of H. pylori DNA from gallstones further support its presence in the gallbladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsala Misra
- Department of Pathology, MLN Medical College, Allahabad, India.
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Sterzenbach T, Lee SK, Brenneke B, von Goetz F, Schauer DB, Fox JG, Suerbaum S, Josenhans C. Inhibitory effect of enterohepatic Helicobacter hepaticus on innate immune responses of mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2007; 75:2717-28. [PMID: 17371851 PMCID: PMC1932862 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01935-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohepatic Helicobacter species infect the intestinal tracts and biliary trees of various mammals, including mice and humans, and are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine, gallstone formation, and malignant transformation. The recent analysis of the whole genome sequence of the mouse enterohepatic species Helicobacter hepaticus allowed us to perform a functional analysis of bacterial factors that may play a role in these diseases. We tested the hypothesis that H. hepaticus suppresses or evades innate immune responses of mouse intestinal epithelial cells, which allows this pathogen to induce or contribute to chronic inflammatory disease. We demonstrated in the present study that the innate immune responses of intestinal epithelial cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and to flagellin-mediated activation via TLR5 are reduced by H. hepaticus infection through soluble bacterial factors. In particular, H. hepaticus lysate and the soluble component LPS antagonized TLR4- and TLR5-mediated immune responses of intestinal epithelial cells. H. hepaticus lysate and LPS inhibited development of endotoxin tolerance to Escherichia coli LPS. Suppression of innate immune responses by H. hepaticus LPS thus may affect intestinal responses to the resident microbial flora, epithelial homeostasis, and intestinal inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Sterzenbach
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Chen DF, Hu L, Yi P, Liu WW, Fang DC, Cao H. H pylori exist in the gallbladder mucosa of patients with chronic cholecystitis. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:1608-11. [PMID: 17461457 PMCID: PMC4146907 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i10.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study whether H pylori locate in the gallbladder mucosa of patients with chronic cholecystitis.
METHODS: Using Warthy-Starry (W-S) silver stain and immunohistochemistry stain with anti-H pylori antibodies, we screened paraffin specimens in 524 cases of cholecystitis. H pylori urease gene A (HPUA) and H pylori urease gene B (HPUB) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the fresh tissue specimens from 81 cases of cholecystitis.
RESULTS: H pylori-like bacteria were found in 13.55% of the gallbladders of the cholecystitis patients using W-S stain. Meanwhile, bacteria positive for H pylori antibodies were also found in 7.1% of the gallbladders of patients with cholecystitis by immunohistochemistry. Of 81 gallbladders, 11 were positive for both HPUA and HPUB, 4 were positive for HPUA only and 7 were positive for HPUB only.
CONCLUSION: H pylori exist in the gallbladders of patients with chronic cholecystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Feng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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Bohr URM, Kuester D, Meyer F, Wex T, Stillert M, Csepregi A, Lippert H, Roessner A, Malfertheiner P. Low prevalence of Helicobacteraceae in gall-stone disease and gall-bladder carcinoma in the German population. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:525-31. [PMID: 17346303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colonisation of the hepatobiliary system with bile-resistant Helicobacter spp. has been proposed as a novel risk-factor in the pathogenesis of gall-bladder carcinoma (GBC). There are reports that biliary Helicobacter colonisation is frequent in countries with a high incidence of gall-bladder carcinoma. However, the prevalence of Helicobacteraceae in the gall-bladders of patients with GBC in Germany, a region with a low incidence of GBC, is unknown. Therefore, gall-bladder tissue from 99 patients who had undergone cholecystectomy was tested, including 57 cases of gall-stone disease (GSD), 20 cases of GBC, and 22 control patients. The presence of Helicobacter spp. was investigated by culture, immunohistochemistry and a group-specific PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene of all currently known Helicobacteraceae. Of the 99 cases investigated, only one patient with GSD was PCR-positive for Helicobacteraceae. For this individual, sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that it had homology closest to the 16S rRNA sequence of Helicobacter ganmani. Helicobacteraceae were not detected by culture or immunohistochemistry. The low prevalence of Helicobacteraceae in the gall-bladders investigated suggests that Helicobacteraceae do not play a predominant role in the pathogenesis of GSD and GBC in the German population. The low prevalence could be a possible explanation for a relatively low incidence of GBC in the German population, despite the fact that GSD, the major risk-factor for GBC, is highly prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- U R M Bohr
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Abstract
AIM: To study whether H pylori are associated with chronic cholecystitis.
METHODS: The subjects were divided into three groups: H pylori-infected cholecystitis group, H pylori-negative cholecystitis group and control group. Pathologic changes of the gallbladder were observed by optic and electronic microscopes and the levels of interleukin-1, 6 and 8 (IL-1, 6 and 8) were detected by radioimmunoassay.
RESULTS: Histological evidence of chronic cholecystitis including degeneration, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, were found in the region where H pylori colonized. Levels of IL-1, 6 and 8 in gallbladder mucosa homogenates were significantly higher in H pylori-infected cholecystitis group than those in H pylori-negative cholecystitis group and control group.
CONCLUSION: H pylori infection may be related to cholecystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Feng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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Veijola L, Nilsson I, Halme L, Al-Soud WA, Mäkinen J, Ljungh A, Rautelin H. Detection of Helicobacter species in chronic liver disease and chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Med 2007; 39:554-60. [PMID: 17852032 DOI: 10.1080/07853890701545714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the association between helicobacters and chronic liver diseases and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-two patients with various chronic liver diseases and 137 patients with inflammatory bowel disease were enrolled. Antibodies to H. pylori, H. hepaticus, H. bilis, and H. pullorum were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and sera positive in a non-pylori helicobacter EIA were further examined by immunoblot assay. Detection of Helicobacter DNA in liver biopsies was done by denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR products (PCR-DGGE) and DNA sequence analysis. RESULTS Six inflammatory bowel disease patients, four with ulcerative colitis and two with Crohn's disease, and one liver disease patient with autoimmune cholangitis had antibodies to non-pylori helicobacters by an immunoblot assay. Four immunoblot assay-negative patients, three with autoimmune and one with non-autoimmune liver disease, had Helicobacter DNA in liver biopsies; three of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were closely related to non-pylori helicobacters. CONCLUSION Evidence for non-pylori helicobacters was scant in Finnish patients with inflammatory bowel disease or chronic but not end stage liver disease. We cannot, however, rule out their role in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Veijola
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Kast RE. Some fibrocystic breast change may be caused by sexually transmitted H. pylori during oral nipple contact: supporting literature and case report of resolution after gut H. pylori eradication treatment. Med Hypotheses 2006; 68:1041-6. [PMID: 17113238 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To briefly review previously published evidence for Helicobacter pylori (Hp), colonization of extra-intestinal sites and suggest an hypothesis that breast acini and ducts be added to this list, concluding such breast colonization is not rare and is a sexually transmitted infection. METHODS PubMed literature search and review with a case report. CONCLUSIONS (1) Evidence indicates oral Hp is common and can remain in the mouth after successful eradication in stomach and duodenum. (2) Evidence indicates that the breast is also occasionally colonized by Hp. (3) Hp may be injected retrograde up into ducts of the breast during oral nipple stimulation during sexual activity and this Hp may give rise to some cases of fibrocystic breast change. (4) A case of painful fibrocystic change that had been present for two years in a 27 year old female, resolved after gastrointestinal Hp treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Kast
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 2 Church Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
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Nilsson I, Shabo I, Svanvik J, Monstein HJ. Multiple displacement amplification of isolated DNA from human gallstones: molecular identification of Helicobacter DNA by means of 16S rDNA-based pyrosequencing analysis. Helicobacter 2005; 10:592-600. [PMID: 16302985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2005.00361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular typing of Helicobacter spp. in clinical biopsy specimens has become increasingly important. By means of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and Southern blot analysis of the PCR amplicons, we have shown that Helicobacter spp. DNA is present in human gallstones. In this study we have investigated the possibility of using multiple displacement amplification (MDA) of isolated gallstone DNA and pyrosequencing analysis for the molecular identification of Helicobacter spp. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA isolated from the nucleus of 33 human gallstones and one control strain were used in a MDA assay. Subsequently, pyrosequencing analysis was performed either directly on MDA-DNA using primers flanking the Helicobacter spp. 16S rDNA variable V3 region or on PCR amplicons derived from broad-range primers flanking the 16S rDNA variable V3, V4, and V9 regions. RESULTS Pyrosequencing analysis of 16S rDNA derived from MDA-DNA revealed that Helicobacter spp.-like DNA was present in 25 of 33 (approximately 76%) gallstones. Using an H. pylori-specific Southern blot analysis, Helicobacter spp.-like DNA was present in 20 of 33 [approximately 61%] of the gallstones. Using MDA-DNA directly in pyrosequencing analysis, Helicobacter spp.-like DNA was present in 13 of 33 [approximately 39%] gallstones. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that multiple displacement amplification combined with pyrosequencing enables a rapid and accurate molecular typing of Helicobacter spp. from small and precious biopsy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Nilsson
- Division of Biomedicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Hospital, S-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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Ljungh A, Nilsson HO, Wadström T, Stenram U, Willén R. Microbes as trigger for primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Liver Dis 2005; 37:803-4. [PMID: 15998605 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
A large number of studies on diagnostic tests have been published this year. New tests were proposed for the detection of Helicobacter pylori antigens in stools and new molecular methods (real-time polymerase chain reaction) to look for antimicrobial susceptibility. The other standard tests have been applied in different situations to improve the diagnosis of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Krogfelt
- Department of Gastrointestinal Infections, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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