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Li H, Marceau M, Yang T, Liao T, Tang X, Hu R, Xie Y, Tang H, Tay A, Shi Y, Shen Y, Yang T, Pi X, Lamichhane B, Luo Y, Debowski AW, Nilsson HO, Haslam SM, Mulloy B, Dell A, Stubbs KA, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. East-Asian Helicobacter pylori strains synthesize heptan-deficient lipopolysaccharide. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008497. [PMID: 31747390 PMCID: PMC6892558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide O-antigen structure expressed by the European Helicobacter pylori model strain G27 encompasses a trisaccharide, an intervening glucan-heptan and distal Lewis antigens that promote immune escape. However, several gaps still remain in the corresponding biosynthetic pathway. Here, systematic mutagenesis of glycosyltransferase genes in G27 combined with lipopolysaccharide structural analysis, uncovered HP0102 as the trisaccharide fucosyltransferase, HP1283 as the heptan transferase, and HP1578 as the GlcNAc transferase that initiates the synthesis of Lewis antigens onto the heptan motif. Comparative genomic analysis of G27 lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes in strains of different ethnic origin revealed that East-Asian strains lack the HP1283/HP1578 genes but contain an additional copy of HP1105 and JHP0562. Further correlation of different lipopolysaccharide structures with corresponding gene contents led us to propose that the second copy of HP1105 and the JHP0562 may function as the GlcNAc and Gal transferase, respectively, to initiate synthesis of the Lewis antigen onto the Glc-Trio-Core in East-Asian strains lacking the HP1283/HP1578 genes. In view of the high gastric cancer rate in East Asia, the absence of the HP1283/HP1578 genes in East-Asian H. pylori strains warrants future studies addressing the role of the lipopolysaccharide heptan in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Michael Marceau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 8204—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Tiandi Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tingting Liao
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renwei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Alfred Tay
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Ying Shi
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiankuo Yang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuenan Pi
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binit Lamichhane
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Yong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources of the P.R.China, Chengdu University of Technology
| | - Aleksandra W. Debowski
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith A. Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Barry J. Marshall
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Ondek Pty Ltd, Rushcutters Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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Li H, Yang T, Liao T, Debowski AW, Nilsson HO, Haslam SM, Dell A, Stubbs KA, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. Insights from the redefinition of Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide O-antigen and core-oligosaccharide domains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:175-178. [PMID: 28685143 PMCID: PMC5425279 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.05.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
H. pylori is a Gram-negative extracellular bacterium, first discovered by the Australian physicians Barry Marshall and Robin Warren in 1982, that colonises the human stomach mucosa. It is the leading cause of peptic ulcer and commonly infects humans worldwide with prevalence as high as 90% in some countries. H. pylori infection usually results in asymptomatic chronic gastritis, however 10-15% of cases develop duodenal or gastric ulcers and 1-3% develop stomach cancer. Infection is generally acquired during childhood and persists for life in the absence of antibiotic treatment. H. pylori has had a long period of co-evolution with humans, going back to human migration out of Africa. This prolonged relationship is likely to have shaped the overall host-pathogen interactions and repertoire of virulence strategies which H. pylori employs to establish robust colonisation, escape immune responses and persist in the gastric niche. In this regard, H. pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key surface determinant in establishing colonisation and persistence via host mimicry and resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. Thus, elucidation of the H. pylori LPS structure and corresponding biosynthetic pathway represents an important step towards better understanding of H. pylori pathogenesis and the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Tiandi Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tingting Liao
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Aleksandra W Debowski
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Swiss Vitamin Institute, Route de la Corniche 1, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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Li H, Liao T, Debowski AW, Tang H, Nilsson HO, Stubbs KA, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. Lipopolysaccharide Structure and Biosynthesis in Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2016; 21:445-461. [PMID: 26934862 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the current knowledge and gaps in Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure and biosynthesis. H. pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which colonizes the luminal surface of the human gastric epithelium. Both a constitutive alteration of the lipid A preventing TLR4 elicitation and host mimicry of the Lewis antigen decorated O-antigen of H. pylori LPS promote immune escape and chronic infection. To date, the complete structure of H. pylori LPS is not available, and the proposed model is a linear arrangement composed of the inner core defined as the hexa-saccharide (Kdo-LD-Hep-LD-Hep-DD-Hep-Gal-Glc), the outer core composed of a conserved trisaccharide (-GlcNAc-Fuc-DD-Hep-) linked to the third heptose of the inner core, the glucan, the heptan and a variable O-antigen, generally consisting of a poly-LacNAc decorated with Lewis antigens. Although the glycosyltransferases (GTs) responsible for the biosynthesis of the H. pylori O-antigen chains have been identified and characterized, there are many gaps in regard to the biosynthesis of the core LPS. These limitations warrant additional mutagenesis and structural studies to obtain the complete LPS structure and corresponding biosynthetic pathway of this important gastric bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centre of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tingting Liao
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Aleksandra W Debowski
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centre of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Ondek Pty Ltd., School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Swiss Vitamin Institute, Route de la Corniche 1, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Li H, Debowski AW, Liao T, Tang H, Nilsson HO, Marshall BJ, Stubbs KA, Benghezal M. Understanding protein glycosylation pathways in bacteria. Future Microbiol 2016; 12:59-72. [PMID: 27689684 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Through advances in analytical methods to detect glycoproteins and to determine glycan structures, there have been increasing reports of protein glycosylation in bacteria. In this review, we summarize the known pathways for bacterial protein glycosylation: lipid carrier-mediated 'en bloc' glycosylation; and cytoplasmic stepwise protein glycosylation. The exploitation of bacterial protein glycosylation systems, especially the 'mix and match' of three independent but similar pathways (oligosaccharyltransferase-mediated protein glycosylation, lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan biosynthesis) in Gram-negative bacteria for glycoengineering recombinant glycoproteins is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centre of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Aleksandra W Debowski
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tingting Liao
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centre of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Ondek Pty Ltd, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- Helicobacter Pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research & Training, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Swiss Vitamin Institute, Route de la Corniche 1, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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Green C, Kumarasinghe MP, Fulurija A, Hooi E, Blanchard J, Nilsson HO, Benghezal M, Marshall B. Helicobacter pylori associated ‘lymphocytic gastritis’ unravelled. Pathology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2015.12.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gauntlett JC, Nilsson HO, Fulurija A, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. Phase-variable restriction/modification systems are required for Helicobacter pylori colonization. Gut Pathog 2014; 6:35. [PMID: 25349630 PMCID: PMC4209511 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-014-0035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One mechanism utilized by bacterial pathogens for host adaptation and immune evasion is the generation of phenotypic diversity by the phasevarion that results from the differential expression of a suite of genes regulated by the activity of a phase-variable methyltransferase within a restriction modification (RM) system. Phasevarions are active in Helicobacter pylori, however there have been no studies investigating the significance of phase-variable RM systems on host colonization. Methods Two mutant types incapable of phase variation were constructed; a clean deletion mutant (‘DEL’) and a mutant (‘ON’) where the homopolymeric repeat was replaced with a non-repeat synonymous sequence, resulting in expression of the full-length protein. The resulting mutants were assessed for their colonisation ability in the mouse model. Results Five phase-variable genes encoding either methyltransferases or members of RM systems were found in H. pylori OND79. Our mutants fell into three categories; 1, those with little effect on colonization, 2, those where expression of the full-length protein was detrimental, 3, those where both mutations were detrimental. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that phase-variable methyltransferases are critical to H. pylori colonization, suggesting that genome methylation and generation of epigenetic diversity is important for colonization and pathogenesis. The third category of mutants suggests that differential genome methylation status of H. pylori cell populations, achieved by the phasevarion, is essential for host adaptation. Studies of phase-variable RM mutants falling in the two other categories, not strictly required for colonization, represent a future perspective to investigate the role of phasevarion in persistence of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Gauntlett
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alma Fulurija
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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Gauntlett JC, Nilsson HO, Fulurija A, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. Phase-variable restriction/modification systems are required for. Gut Pathog 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/preaccept-4173857251355111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Debowski AW, Gauntlett JC, Li H, Liao T, Sehnal M, Nilsson HO, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. Xer-cise in Helicobacter pylori: one-step transformation for the construction of markerless gene deletions. Helicobacter 2012; 17:435-43. [PMID: 23066820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2012.00969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xer-cise is an efficient selectable marker removal technique that was first applied in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli for the construction of markerless gene deletions. Xer-cise marker excision takes advantage of the presence of site-specific Xer recombination in most bacterial species for the resolution of chromosome dimers at the dif site during replication. The identification and functional characterization of the difH/XerH recombination system enabled the development of Xer-cise in Helicobacter pylori. METHODS Markerless deletions were obtained by a single natural transformation step of the Xer-cise cassette containing rpsL and cat genes, for streptomycin susceptibility and chloramphenicol resistance respectively, flanked by difH sites and neighboring homologous sequences of the target gene. Insertion/deletion recombinant H. pylori were first selected on chloramphenicol-containing medium followed by selection on streptomycin-containing medium for clones that underwent XerH mediated excision of the rpsL-cat cassette, resulting in a markerless deletion. RESULTS XerH-mediated removal of the antibiotic marker was successfully applied in three different H. pylori strains to obtain markerless gene deletions at very high efficiencies. An unmarked triple deletion mutant was also constructed by sequential deletion of ureA, vacA and HP0366 and removal of the selectable marker at each step. The triple mutant had no growth defect suggesting that multiple difH sites per chromosome can be tolerated without affecting bacterial fitness. CONCLUSION Xer-cise eliminates the need for multiple passages on non selective plates and subsequent screening of clones for loss of the antibiotic cassette by replica plating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra W Debowski
- Ondek Pty Ltd. and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Discipline of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Western Australia, M504, L Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
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Debowski AW, Carnoy C, Verbrugghe P, Nilsson HO, Gauntlett JC, Fulurija A, Camilleri T, Berg DE, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. Xer recombinase and genome integrity in Helicobacter pylori, a pathogen without topoisomerase IV. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33310. [PMID: 22511919 PMCID: PMC3325230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the model organism E. coli, recombination mediated by the related XerC and XerD recombinases complexed with the FtsK translocase at specialized dif sites, resolves dimeric chromosomes into free monomers to allow efficient chromosome segregation at cell division. Computational genome analysis of Helicobacter pylori, a slow growing gastric pathogen, identified just one chromosomal xer gene (xerH) and its cognate dif site (difH). Here we show that recombination between directly repeated difH sites requires XerH, FtsK but not XerT, the TnPZ transposon associated recombinase. xerH inactivation was not lethal, but resulted in increased DNA per cell, suggesting defective chromosome segregation. The xerH mutant also failed to colonize mice, and was more susceptible to UV and ciprofloxacin, which induce DNA breakage, and thereby recombination and chromosome dimer formation. xerH inactivation and overexpression each led to a DNA segregation defect, suggesting a role for Xer recombination in regulation of replication. In addition to chromosome dimer resolution and based on the absence of genes for topoisomerase IV (parC, parE) in H. pylori, we speculate that XerH may contribute to chromosome decatenation, although possible involvement of H. pylori's DNA gyrase and topoisomerase III homologue are also considered. Further analyses of this system should contribute to general understanding of and possibly therapy development for H. pylori, which causes peptic ulcers and gastric cancer; for the closely related, diarrheagenic Campylobacter species; and for unrelated slow growing pathogens that lack topoisomerase IV, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra W. Debowski
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Christophe Carnoy
- United States of America Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, INSERM U 1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Univ Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Phebe Verbrugghe
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Jonathan C. Gauntlett
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Alma Fulurija
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Tania Camilleri
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Douglas E. Berg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Barry J. Marshall
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- Ondek Pty Ltd and Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, M504, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Washington,
- * E-mail:
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Strickertsson JAB, Døssing KBV, Aabakke AJM, Nilsson HO, Hansen TVO, Knigge U, Kjær A, Wadström T, Friis-Hansen L. Interferon-γ inhibits ghrelin expression and secretion via a somatostatin-mediated mechanism. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3117-25. [PMID: 21912454 PMCID: PMC3158411 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i26.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate if and how the proinflammatory cytokine interferon γ (IFNγ) affects ghrelin expression in mice.
METHODS: The plasma concentration of ghrelin, and gastric ghrelin and somatostatin expression, were examined in wild-type mice and mice infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Furthermore, ghrelin expression was examined in two achlorhydric mouse models with varying degrees of gastritis due to bacterial overgrowth. To study the effect of IFNγ alone, mice were given a subcutaneous infusion of IFNγ for 7 d. Finally, the influence of IFNγ and somatostatin on the ghrelin promoter was characterized.
RESULTS: H. pylori infection was associated with a 50% reduction in ghrelin expression and plasma concentration. Suppression of ghrelin expression was inversely correlated with gastric inflammation in achlorhdyric mouse models. Subcutaneous infusion of IFNγ suppressed fundic ghrelin mRNA expression and plasma ghrelin concentrations. Finally, we showed that the ghrelin promoter operates under the control of somatostatin but not under that of IFNγ.
CONCLUSION: Gastric infection and inflammation is associated with increased IFNγ expression and reduced ghrelin expression. IFNγ does not directly control ghrelin expression but inhibits it indirectly via somatostatin.
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Casswall TH, Németh A, Nilsson I, Wadström T, Nilsson HO. Helicobacter species DNA in liver and gastric tissues in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45:160-7. [PMID: 20095882 DOI: 10.3109/00365520903426915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS) have previously been found in adults with hepatobiliary diseases. Here, we report the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and EHS in liver and gastric tissue in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease (CLD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-seven consecutive children and adolescents with CLD with or without ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease (UC/CD) were investigated. Tissue samples were analysed using a Helicobacter genus-specific 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and DNA-sequence analysis. Sera from 61 subjects were also analysed using enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting. RESULTS The Helicobacter PCR was positive in 3/23 (13%) livers from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and UC, and in 1/2 livers from patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and UC. Sequenced PCR products matched the 16S rDNA of H. hepaticus, H. muridarum, H. canis, and H. pylori, respectively. H. ganmani and H. bilis were detected in gastric tissues from two AIH patients. H. hepaticus and H. pullorum were found in livers from two patients with acute liver failure and intrahepatic cholestasis. Antibody reactivity to Helicobacter cell-surface proteins was negative. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori and EHS can be detected in the livers of some patients with UC and concomitant liver disease, as well as in other children with liver diseases. Multicentre studies from different locations are needed to find out whether these bacteria play a pathogenetic role or whether their presence is an epiphenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Casswall
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Astrid Lindgren's Children's Hospital at Karolinska University Hospital, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Stenström B, Zhao CM, Rogers AB, Nilsson HO, Sturegård E, Lundgren S, Fox JG, Wang TC, Wadström TM, Chen D. Swedish moist snuff accelerates gastric cancer development in Helicobacter pylori-infected wild-type and gastrin transgenic mice. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28:2041-6. [PMID: 17389611 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Swedish variant of moist oral smokeless tobacco (snus) is popular in Sweden and Norway, banned from sale within the European Union and is currently being introduced in USA. The aim of the present study was to determine if snus is carcinogenic to the stomach, particularly in Helicobacter pylori (H.P.)-infected hosts at increased risk for gastric cancer development. Snus (Generaltrade mark; Swedish Match, Sweden) was mixed with powdered standard mouse chow at a concentration of 5-9% (wt/wt) and given to wild-type (WT, FVB) and gastrin transgenic (INS-GAS, FVB) mice for 6 months with or without H.P. (strain 67:21, CagA+, VacA+) infection. At necropsy, pathological evaluation of stomachs from uninfected snus-treated WT mice showed mild morphological changes, whereas 50% snus-treated INS-GAS mice developed carcinoma in situ (CIS), compared with 25% not exposed to snus. When snus was given to H.P.-infected mice, 9 of 17 WT mice developed CIS with intramucosal invasion, and the remaining 8 of 17 WT mice developed high-grade dysplasia (score >1.5) that was associated with increased gastritis, epithelial defects, oxyntic atrophy, hyperplasia and intestinal metaplasia. Twelve of 12 H.P.-infected INS-GAS mice developed CIS with intramucosal invasion and submucosal herniation. We suggest that snus is a potential gastric carcinogen in mice. The development of CIS was associated with increased rates of the epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, common features of gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Stenström
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NO-7006 Norway
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Sjö NC, Foegh P, Juhl BR, Nilsson HO, Prause JU, Ralfkiaer E, Wadström T, Heegaard S. Role of Helicobacter pylori in conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Ophthalmology 2007; 114:182-6. [PMID: 17198854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2004] [Revised: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue is the conjunctival equivalent to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma has been shown to be associated with Helicobacter pylori. In this study, the prevalence and possible role of H. pylori infection in conjunctival MALT lymphoma were evaluated. DESIGN Retrospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS Thirteen cases of conjunctival MALT lymphoma were investigated. Five samples of conjunctival lymphoid hyperplasia and 20 biopsies of normal conjunctiva served as controls. METHODS The specimens were investigated for the presence of H. pylori with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. For each case of conjunctival MALT lymphoma, information regarding gender, age at presentation, conjunctival localization, and information of generalized MALT lymphoma were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Detection of H. pylori and patient characteristics. RESULTS The 13 conjunctival MALT lymphomas originated from 8 women and 5 men with an average age of 62 years (range, 25-87). Only 1 patient had evidence of systemic MALT lymphoma. H. pylori could not be identified in any of the conjunctival MALT lymphomas, in conjunctival lymphoid hyperplasia, or in normal conjunctival biopsies using IHC and PCR techniques. CONCLUSIONS An association between H. pylori and localized conjunctival MALT lymphoma could not be verified. Antigens other than H. pylori may take part in the development of conjunctival MALT lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai C Sjö
- Eye Pathology Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Friis-Hansen L, Rieneck K, Nilsson HO, Wadström T, Rehfeld JF. Gastric inflammation, metaplasia, and tumor development in gastrin-deficient mice. Gastroenterology 2006; 131:246-58. [PMID: 16831607 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastrin deficiency and proton pump inhibitor treatment cause achlorhydria, which predisposes to disease. To elucidate the underlying molecular biology, we examined the changes in gastric gene expression in both types of achlorhydria. We also explored the associated changes in the gastric microflora and the long-term consequences of gastrin-deficient achlorhydria. METHODS Expression profiles were generated from gastric RNA from wild-type mice, gastrin knockout (KO) mice, gastrin KO mice after 1 week of gastrin infusion, and wild-type mice treated for 1 month with a proton pump inhibitor. The results were confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Selective media were used to characterize the gastric microflora. RESULTS The number of gastric bacteria was increased in both gastrin KO and PPI-treated mice. The expression profiles revealed activation of immune defense genes, interferon-regulated response genes, and intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa. In young gastrin-deficient mice, gastrin infusions reversed the changes. Over time, the changes accumulated, became irreversible, and progressed into metaplasia and polyp development. Finally, the study showed that gastrin regulated the expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins. CONCLUSIONS Independently of gastrin, achlorhydria is associated with gastric bacterial overgrowth and intestinal gene expression patterns and is associated with predisposition to disease. Gastrin is therefore essential for prevention of gastric disease, mainly through control of acid secretion but to a lesser extent also through control of gastric gene expression. The gastrin-deficient mouse serves as a useful new model for gastric metaplasia and neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Friis-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
AIM: To determine whether gastric and enteric Helicobacter species are associated with pancreatic cancer.
METHODS: Patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer (n = 40), neuroendocrine cancer (n = 14), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (n = 8), and chronic pancreatitis (n = 5) were studied. Other benign pancreatic diseases (n = 10) and specimens of normal pancreas (n = 7) were included as controls. Pancreatic tissue specimens were analyzed by Helicobacter-specific PCR-assay and products were characterized by denaturing gradient electrophoresis and DNA-sequencing. From a subset of the pancreatic cancer patients, gastric and/or duodenal tissue as well as gallbladder and ductus choledochus tissue were analyzed. Gallbladder and choledochus samples were included as controls. Stomach and duodenum samples were investigated to analyze whether a gastric helicobacter might disseminate to the pancreas in pancreatic cancer patients. Pancreatic specimens were analyzed by Bacteroides-specific PCR for detecting the translocation of indigenous gut microbes to the diseased pancreas.
RESULTS: Helicobacter DNA was detected in pancreas (tumor and/or surrounding tissue) of 75% of patients with exocrine cancer, 57% of patients with neuroendocrine cancer, 38% of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, and 60% of patients with chronic pancreatitis. All samples from other benign pancreatic diseases and normal pancreas were negative. Thirty-three percent of the patients were helicobacter-positive in gastroduodenal specimens. Surprisingly, H. bilis was identified in 60% of the positive gastroduodenal samples. All gallbladder and ductus choledochus specimens were negative for helicobacter. Bacteroides PCR-assay was negative for all pancreatic samples.
CONCLUSION: Helicobacter DNA commonly detected in pancreatic cancer suggests a possible role of the emerging pathogens in the development of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Solvegatan 23, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract
The involvement of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of extragastric diseases continues to be an interesting topic in the field of Helicobacter-related pathology. Although conflicting findings have been reported for most of the disorders, a role of H. pylori seems to be important especially for the development of cardiovascular and hematologic disorders. Previously isolated human and animal Helicobacter sp. flexispira and "Helicobacter heilmannii" strains have been validated using polyphasic taxonomy. A novel enterohepatic Helicobacter has been isolated from mastomys and mice, adding to the list of helicobacters that colonize the liver. Genetic targets that may aid the classification of novel Helicobacter species have emerged. Animal models of Helicobacter-induced gastric and hepatobiliary diseases have offered insights to the mechanisms associated with premalignant transformation.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the presence of Helicobacter species in the liver biopsy specimens from children with various chronic liver diseases as data in adult literature suggests a possible role of these bacteria in their pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Paraffin sections of 61 liver biopsies of pediatric patients with miscellaneous diseases and autopsy liver tissue from 10 control subjects with no evidence of preexisting liver disease were examined for the presence of Helicobacter species by a genus-specific seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. PCR-products of positive samples were further characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and DNA-sequence analysis. Based on those results, a seminested PCR assay for H. ganmani was developed and applied to the samples. RESULTS On analysis, 40/61 patient samples were positive in the genus-specific Helicobacter PCR and 4/10 from the control group. The nucleotide sequences of 16S rDNA fragments were 99-100% similar to mainly Helicobacter sp. 'liver' and H. ganmani. PCR-products similar to H. canis and H. bilis were also found. The 16S rDNAs of control specimens showed similarity to Helicobacter sp. 'liver'. In the H. ganmani-specific PCR analysis 19 patients, but none of the controls, were positive. CONCLUSIONS Amplified Helicobacter 16S rDNAs were related to Helicobacter sp. 'liver' or H. ganmani in liver biopsy specimens of pediatric patients. The possible significance of Helicobacter species in pediatric liver diseases needs to be evaluated further in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Tolia
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48201 USA.
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Nilsson HO, Ouis IS, Stenram U, Ljungh A, Moran AP, Wadström T, Al-Soud WA. High prevalence of Helicobacter Species detected in laboratory mouse strains by multiplex PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and pyrosequencing. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:3781-8. [PMID: 15297530 PMCID: PMC497606 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.8.3781-3788.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2004] [Revised: 04/16/2004] [Accepted: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent models have been developed to study the pathogenesis of diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori, as well as by other gastric and intestinal Helicobacter spp., but some murine enteric Helicobacter spp. cause hepatobiliary and intestinal tract diseases in specific inbred strains of laboratory mice. To identify these murine Helicobacter spp., we developed an assay based on PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and pyrosequencing. Nine strains of mice, maintained in four conventional laboratory animal houses, were assessed for Helicobacter sp. carriage. Tissue samples from the liver, stomach, and small intestine, as well as feces and blood, were collected; and all specimens (n = 210) were screened by a Helicobacter genus-specific PCR. Positive samples were identified to the species level by multiplex denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, pyrosequencing, and a H. ganmani-specific PCR assay. Histologic examination of 30 tissue samples from 18 animals was performed. All mice of eight of the nine strains tested were Helicobacter genus positive; H. bilis, H. hepaticus, H. typhlonius, H. ganmani, H. rodentium, and a Helicobacter sp. flexispira-like organism were identified. Helicobacter DNA was common in fecal (86%) and gastric tissue (55%) specimens, whereas samples of liver tissue (21%), small intestine tissue (17%), and blood (14%) were less commonly positive. Several mouse strains were colonized with more than one Helicobacter spp. Most tissue specimens analyzed showed no signs of inflammation; however, in one strain of mice, hepatitis was diagnosed in livers positive for H. hepaticus, and in another strain, gastric colonization by H. typhlonius was associated with gastritis. The diagnostic setup developed was efficient at identifying most murine Helicobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
A meta-analysis of the effect of body and air movement on the insulation provided by workwear and cold-weather clothing [1.22 clo (0.189 m2 degrees C W(-1)) < I(T)<4.14 clo (0.642 m2 degrees C W(-1))] using data from different sources was performed. For the effect of walking, datasets could be merged and a single prediction equation produced (r2=0.91). For the effect of wind, and interaction of movement and wind, separate equations were required for regular workwear (r2 = 0.93) and cold-weather clothing (r2 = 0.97). Differences were mainly due to the different amounts of nude surface area. An interaction between wind and walking effects was present (the size of the combined effects is less than the sum of the separate effects), and for cold-weather clothing an effect of clothing air permeability (p) was present (high p --> bigger effect). The resulting prediction equations will be proposed for inclusion in European and ISO standards on protective clothing to assist the user in determining the real-life clothing insulation value.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Havenith
- Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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Al-Soud WA, Bennedsen M, On SLW, Ouis IS, Vandamme P, Nilsson HO, Ljungh Å, Wadström T. Assessment of PCR-DGGE for the identification of diverse Helicobacter species, and application to faecal samples from zoo animals to determine Helicobacter prevalence. J Med Microbiol 2003; 52:765-771. [PMID: 12909652 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.05314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter species are fastidious bacterial pathogens that are difficult to culture by standard methods. A PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technique for detection and identification of different Helicobacter species was developed and evaluated. The method involves PCR detection of Helicobacter DNA by genus-specific primers that target 16S rDNA and subsequent differentiation of Helicobacter PCR products by use of DGGE. Strains are identified by comparing mobilities of unknown samples to those determined for reference strains; sequence analysis can also be performed on purified amplicons. Sixteen DGGE profiles were derived from 44 type and reference strains of 20 Helicobacter species, indicating the potential of this approach for resolving infection of a single host by multiple Helicobacter species. Some more highly related species were not differentiated whereas in highly heterogeneous species, sequence divergence was observed and more than one PCR-DGGE profile was obtained. Application of the PCR-DGGE method to DNA extracted from faeces of zoo animals revealed the presence of Helicobacter DNA in 13 of 16 samples; a correlation was seen between the mobility of PCR products in DGGE analysis and DNA sequencing. In combination, this indicated that zoo animals are colonized by a wide range of different Helicobacter species; seven animals appeared to be colonized by multiple Helicobacter species. By this approach, presumptive identifications were made of Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter hepaticus in a Nile crocodile, Helicobacter cinaedi in a baboon and a red panda, and Helicobacter felis in a wolf and a Taiwan beauty snake. All of these PCR products ( approximately 400 bp) showed 100 % sequence similarity to 16S rDNA sequences of the mentioned species. These results demonstrate the potential of PCR-DGGE-based analysis for identification of Helicobacter species in complex ecosystems, such as the gastrointestinal tract, and could contribute to a better understanding of the ecology of helicobacters and other pathogens with a complex aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Abu Al-Soud
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden 2Department of Clinical Microbiology 7806, National University Hospital, Righospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Danish Veterinary Institute, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790, Copenhagen, Denmark 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mads Bennedsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden 2Department of Clinical Microbiology 7806, National University Hospital, Righospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Danish Veterinary Institute, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790, Copenhagen, Denmark 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephen L W On
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden 2Department of Clinical Microbiology 7806, National University Hospital, Righospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Danish Veterinary Institute, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790, Copenhagen, Denmark 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ibn-Sina Ouis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden 2Department of Clinical Microbiology 7806, National University Hospital, Righospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Danish Veterinary Institute, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790, Copenhagen, Denmark 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden 2Department of Clinical Microbiology 7806, National University Hospital, Righospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Danish Veterinary Institute, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790, Copenhagen, Denmark 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden 2Department of Clinical Microbiology 7806, National University Hospital, Righospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Danish Veterinary Institute, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790, Copenhagen, Denmark 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Åsa Ljungh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden 2Department of Clinical Microbiology 7806, National University Hospital, Righospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Danish Veterinary Institute, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790, Copenhagen, Denmark 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Torkel Wadström
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden 2Department of Clinical Microbiology 7806, National University Hospital, Righospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Danish Veterinary Institute, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790, Copenhagen, Denmark 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, University of Ghent, Belgium
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Wadström T, Abu Al-Soud W, Ljungh A, Nilsson HO, Stenram U. Absence of Helicobacter species in the liver of patients with primary or metastatic liver cancer. Hepatology 2003; 38:532-3; author reply 533. [PMID: 12883500 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
With increasing demand for acceptable environment in the modern workplace is it necessary, already in the construction phase, to estimate what effect different environmental factors have on the occupants. Thermal sensation is affected by many factors in the work place environment, especially thermal factors and effects from air movement caused by different ventilation principles. A series of full scale measurements as well as numerical calculations have been carried out in order to investigate whether Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculations and measurements with a thermal manikin are able to predict the perceived thermal climate. When human thermal sensation is linked together in measurements and calculations, the thermal situation in the work place environment is visualized. The results show relatively good agreement with the measurements made in the real environment. However, numerical and experimental methods need to be further developed. Evaluation methods of this type, will enable engineers to make better predictions and early decisions in the design and construction process. This also opens possibilities to use results from a number of full scale tests providing means to improve the comfort, health and productivity in working life.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Nilsson
- National Institute for Working Life, The Climate Group, Solna, Sweden.
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Casswall TH, Nilsson HO, Björck L, Sjöstedt S, Xu L, Nord CK, Borén T, Wadström T, Hammarström L. Bovine anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies for oral immunotherapy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002; 37:1380-5. [PMID: 12523586 DOI: 10.1080/003655202762671242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive immunization with orally administered antibodies against specific pathogens has previously been successfully used therapeutically in both animal and human studies. We employed a similar strategy for experimental treatment of mice infected with the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. METHODS An anti-H. pylori bovine colostral hyperimmune immunoglobulin preparation (BIC) was generated and its efficacy was tested in different in vitro experiments, such as binding to the Lewis(b) blood group antigen, inhibition of adherence of H. pylori to human gastric mucosa tissue sections in situ and in a haemagglutination assay. The BIC preparation was also given in the drinking water to H. pylori-infected mice. RESULTS An inhibition of 95% of the binding of H. pylori to Lewis(b) glycoconjugate was observed in vitro. Furthermore, a blocking activity of almost 90% was observed when the BIC was preincubated with H. pylori bacteria. Finally, the BIC preparation inhibited the haemagglutination of H. pylori and human red blood cells. Seven of 40 (17.5%) mice remained infected in the treatment group as compared with 25 of 45 (55.5%) in the control group. Hence, the cure rate was 66%, P = < 0.001. The mean number of colonies in the antibody-treated mice where eradication was not successful was also reduced (P < 0.05). In trials using FVB/N transgenic Lewis(b) expressing mice, a cure rate of 50%-66% was observed. CONCLUSION Bovine colostral antibodies against H. pylori can be generated in high titres, inhibit binding in vitro and can eradicate or reduce the number of bacteria in infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Casswall
- Dept. of Clinical Science, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Nilsson HO, Stenram U, Ihse I, Wadström T. Re: Helicobacter pylori seropositivity as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94:632-3. [PMID: 11959898 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/94.8.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Taneera J, Moran AP, Hynes SO, Nilsson HO, Al-Soud WA, Wadström T. Influence of activated charcoal, porcine gastric mucin and beta-cyclodextrin on the morphology and growth of intestinal and gastric Helicobacter spp. Microbiology (Reading) 2002; 148:677-684. [PMID: 11882701 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-148-3-677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bile-tolerant Helicobacter spp. are emerging human and animal pathogens. However, due to their fastidious nature, which requires nutrient-rich complex media to grow, infection with these bacteria may be underestimated. The accumulation of toxic metabolites in cultures may be one of the main obstacles for successful culture of these organisms. The present study examined various potential growth-enhancing substances for Helicobacter spp. and, furthermore, how they may affect spiral to coccoid conversion. Five Helicobacter spp. were cultured on agar and in broth media supplemented with activated charcoal, beta-cyclodextrin, or porcine gastric mucin. Growth was determined by estimating the numbers of colony-forming units and colony diameter, as well as bacterial cell mass. Coccoid transformation was estimated every 24 h by both Gram and acridine-orange staining. Activated charcoal was superior in supporting growth and increased cell mass on agar and in broth media. beta-Cyclodextrin delayed spiral to coccoid conversion by Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter canis, whereas activated charcoal delayed the conversion to coccoid forms of Helicobacter hepaticus and Helicobacter bilis. The progression to coccoid forms by Helicobacter pullorum on agar media was not influenced by any growth supplement. The spiral to coccoid conversion was more rapid in broth media than on agar media. The growth enhancement observed is probably related to the capacity of activated charcoal to remove toxic compounds in culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Taneera
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Lund Sölvegatan 23,SE-22362, Sweden1
| | - Anthony P Moran
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland2
| | - Sean O Hynes
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Lund Sölvegatan 23,SE-22362, Sweden1
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Lund Sölvegatan 23,SE-22362, Sweden1
| | - Waleed Abu Al-Soud
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Lund Sölvegatan 23,SE-22362, Sweden1
| | - Torkel Wadström
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, Lund Sölvegatan 23,SE-22362, Sweden1
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Nilsson HO, Blom J, Abu-Al-Soud W, Ljungh A A, Andersen LP, Wadström T. Effect of cold starvation, acid stress, and nutrients on metabolic activity of Helicobacter pylori. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:11-9. [PMID: 11772603 PMCID: PMC126563 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.1.11-19.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori can transform, in vivo as well as in vitro, from dividing spiral-shaped forms into nonculturable coccoids, with intermediate forms called U forms. The importance of nonculturable coccoid forms of H. pylori in disease transmission and antibiotic treatment failures is unclear. Metabolic activities of actively growing as well as nonculturable H. pylori were investigated by comparing the concentrations of cellular ATP and total RNA, gene expression, presence of cytoplasmic polyphosphate granules and iron inclusions, and cellular morphology during extended broth culture and nutritional cold starvation. In addition, the effect of exposing broth-cultured or cold-starved cells to a nutrient-rich or acidic environment on the metabolic activities was investigated. ATP was detectable up to 14 days and for at least 25 days after transformation from the spiral form to the coccoid form or U form in broth-cultured and cold-starved cells, respectively. mRNAs of VacA, a 26-kDa protein, and urease A were detected by using reverse transcription-PCR in cells cultured for 2 months in broth or cold starved for at least 28 months. The ATP concentration was not affected during exposure to fresh or acidified broth, while 4- to 12-h exposures of nonculturable cells to lysed human erythrocytes increased cellular ATP 12- to 150-fold. Incubation of nonculturable cold-starved cells with an erythrocyte lysate increased total RNA expression and ureA mRNA transcription as measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Furthermore, the number of structurally intact starved coccoids containing polyphosphate granules increased almost fourfold (P = 0.0022) under the same conditions. In conclusion, a specific environmental stimulus can induce ATP, polyphosphate, and RNA metabolism in nonculturable H. pylori, indicating viability of such morphological forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dermatology and Infection, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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Nilsson I, Utt M, Nilsson HO, Ljungh A, Wadström T. Two-dimensional electrophoretic and immunoblot analysis of cell surface proteins of spiral-shaped and coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori. Electrophoresis 2001. [PMID: 10949144 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(20000701)21:13%3c2670::aid-elps2670%3e3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface proteins of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori extracted during different in vitro growth phases were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional gelelectrophoresis (1-DE and 2-DE) and by 2-DE immunoblot. Broth-cultured H. pylori cells were stained with an acridine-orange dye to monitor the morphological status of the organism. In 2-day-cultures, 96% of the bacterial cells were spiral-shaped and four days later a morphological switch to coccoid forms occurred. In 10-day cultures spiral-shaped forms were not found. By 1-DE, proteins with the molecular masses of 87 and 120 kDa were detected in the 2-day cultures that disappeared in cells of 12-day cultures. A protein corresponding in size to the heat shock protein (GroEl homolog, Hsp60) and a 62 kDa protein, the ureaseB-subunit, were identified in extracted proteins of 2-, 8-, and 12-day cultures. 2-DE revealed an increased number of silver-stained spots of 8-day cultures (in average 250 spots) compared with protein extracted from 2-day cells (in average 160 spots). 2-DE immunoblots performed with sera containing antibodies to major H. pylori proteins such as the A- and B-subunits of urease and the Hsp60 showed similar reactivity to surface proteins extracted from 2-, 8-, and 12-day cultures, suggesting that these proteins remain immunologically intact. Pooled sera from infected patients absorbed with spiral-shaped cells showed an almost total blocking of the antibody reactivity to extracted coccoid proteins in 2-DE immunoblot. Eighteen spots were still visible, but this reactivity probably represents a solid overexpression by the coccoid cells of Hsp60 and ureaseB proteins and is thus difficult to block.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nilsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden.
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Nilsson I, Utt M, Nilsson HO, Ljungh A, Wadström T. Two-dimensional electrophoretic and immunoblot analysis of cell surface proteins of spiral-shaped and coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori. Electrophoresis 2001. [PMID: 10949144 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(20000701)21: 13<2670: : aid-elps2670>3.0.co; 2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface proteins of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori extracted during different in vitro growth phases were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional gelelectrophoresis (1-DE and 2-DE) and by 2-DE immunoblot. Broth-cultured H. pylori cells were stained with an acridine-orange dye to monitor the morphological status of the organism. In 2-day-cultures, 96% of the bacterial cells were spiral-shaped and four days later a morphological switch to coccoid forms occurred. In 10-day cultures spiral-shaped forms were not found. By 1-DE, proteins with the molecular masses of 87 and 120 kDa were detected in the 2-day cultures that disappeared in cells of 12-day cultures. A protein corresponding in size to the heat shock protein (GroEl homolog, Hsp60) and a 62 kDa protein, the ureaseB-subunit, were identified in extracted proteins of 2-, 8-, and 12-day cultures. 2-DE revealed an increased number of silver-stained spots of 8-day cultures (in average 250 spots) compared with protein extracted from 2-day cells (in average 160 spots). 2-DE immunoblots performed with sera containing antibodies to major H. pylori proteins such as the A- and B-subunits of urease and the Hsp60 showed similar reactivity to surface proteins extracted from 2-, 8-, and 12-day cultures, suggesting that these proteins remain immunologically intact. Pooled sera from infected patients absorbed with spiral-shaped cells showed an almost total blocking of the antibody reactivity to extracted coccoid proteins in 2-DE immunoblot. Eighteen spots were still visible, but this reactivity probably represents a solid overexpression by the coccoid cells of Hsp60 and ureaseB proteins and is thus difficult to block.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nilsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden.
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Nilsson I, Utt M, Nilsson HO, Ljungh A, Wadström T. Two-dimensional electrophoretic and immunoblot analysis of cell surface proteins of spiral-shaped and coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori. Electrophoresis 2001. [PMID: 10949144 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(20000701)21:13<2670::aid-elps2670>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface proteins of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori extracted during different in vitro growth phases were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional gelelectrophoresis (1-DE and 2-DE) and by 2-DE immunoblot. Broth-cultured H. pylori cells were stained with an acridine-orange dye to monitor the morphological status of the organism. In 2-day-cultures, 96% of the bacterial cells were spiral-shaped and four days later a morphological switch to coccoid forms occurred. In 10-day cultures spiral-shaped forms were not found. By 1-DE, proteins with the molecular masses of 87 and 120 kDa were detected in the 2-day cultures that disappeared in cells of 12-day cultures. A protein corresponding in size to the heat shock protein (GroEl homolog, Hsp60) and a 62 kDa protein, the ureaseB-subunit, were identified in extracted proteins of 2-, 8-, and 12-day cultures. 2-DE revealed an increased number of silver-stained spots of 8-day cultures (in average 250 spots) compared with protein extracted from 2-day cells (in average 160 spots). 2-DE immunoblots performed with sera containing antibodies to major H. pylori proteins such as the A- and B-subunits of urease and the Hsp60 showed similar reactivity to surface proteins extracted from 2-, 8-, and 12-day cultures, suggesting that these proteins remain immunologically intact. Pooled sera from infected patients absorbed with spiral-shaped cells showed an almost total blocking of the antibody reactivity to extracted coccoid proteins in 2-DE immunoblot. Eighteen spots were still visible, but this reactivity probably represents a solid overexpression by the coccoid cells of Hsp60 and ureaseB proteins and is thus difficult to block.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nilsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden.
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Nilsson HO, Mulchandani R, Tranberg KG, Stenram U, Wadström T. Helicobacter species identified in liver from patients with cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2001; 120:323-4. [PMID: 11246512 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.21382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Andersen LP, Dorland A, Karacan H, Colding H, Nilsson HO, Wadström T, Blom J. Possible clinical importance of the transformation of Helicobacter pylori into coccoid forms. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000; 35:897-903. [PMID: 11063146 DOI: 10.1080/003655200750022922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L P Andersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nilsson I, Utt M, Nilsson HO, Ljungh A, Wadström T. Two-dimensional electrophoretic and immunoblot analysis of cell surface proteins of spiral-shaped and coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori. Electrophoresis 2000; 21:2670-7. [PMID: 10949144 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(20000701)21:13<2670::aid-elps2670>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface proteins of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori extracted during different in vitro growth phases were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional gelelectrophoresis (1-DE and 2-DE) and by 2-DE immunoblot. Broth-cultured H. pylori cells were stained with an acridine-orange dye to monitor the morphological status of the organism. In 2-day-cultures, 96% of the bacterial cells were spiral-shaped and four days later a morphological switch to coccoid forms occurred. In 10-day cultures spiral-shaped forms were not found. By 1-DE, proteins with the molecular masses of 87 and 120 kDa were detected in the 2-day cultures that disappeared in cells of 12-day cultures. A protein corresponding in size to the heat shock protein (GroEl homolog, Hsp60) and a 62 kDa protein, the ureaseB-subunit, were identified in extracted proteins of 2-, 8-, and 12-day cultures. 2-DE revealed an increased number of silver-stained spots of 8-day cultures (in average 250 spots) compared with protein extracted from 2-day cells (in average 160 spots). 2-DE immunoblots performed with sera containing antibodies to major H. pylori proteins such as the A- and B-subunits of urease and the Hsp60 showed similar reactivity to surface proteins extracted from 2-, 8-, and 12-day cultures, suggesting that these proteins remain immunologically intact. Pooled sera from infected patients absorbed with spiral-shaped cells showed an almost total blocking of the antibody reactivity to extracted coccoid proteins in 2-DE immunoblot. Eighteen spots were still visible, but this reactivity probably represents a solid overexpression by the coccoid cells of Hsp60 and ureaseB proteins and is thus difficult to block.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nilsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden.
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Nilsson HO, Taneera J, Castedal M, Glatz E, Olsson R, Wadström T. Identification of Helicobacter pylori and other Helicobacter species by PCR, hybridization, and partial DNA sequencing in human liver samples from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis or primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1072-6. [PMID: 10698999 PMCID: PMC86342 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.3.1072-1076.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/1999] [Accepted: 12/20/1999] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori was identified in human liver tissue by PCR, hybridization, and partial DNA sequencing. Liver biopsies were obtained from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 12), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 12), and noncholestatic liver cirrhosis (n = 13) and (as controls) normal livers (n = 10). PCR analyses were carried out using primers for the Helicobacter genus, Helicobacter pylori (the gene encoding a species-specific 26-kDa protein and the 16S rRNA), Helicobacter bilis, Helicobacter pullorum, and Helicobacter hepaticus. Samples from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (11 and 9 samples, respectively) were positive by PCR with Helicobacter genus-specific primers. Of these 20 samples, 8 were positive with the 16S rRNA primer and 9 were positive with the 26-kDa protein primer of H. pylori. These nine latter samples were also positive by Southern blot hybridization for the amplified 26-kDa fragment, and four of those were verified to be H. pylori by partial 16S rDNA sequencing. None of the samples reacted with primers for H. bilis, H. pullorum, or H. hepaticus. None of the normal livers had positive results in the Helicobacter genus PCR assay, and only one patient in the noncholestatic liver cirrhosis group, a young boy who at reexamination showed histological features suggesting primary sclerosing cholangitis, had a positive result in the same assay. Helicobacter positivity was thus significantly more common in patients with cholestatic diseases (20 of 24) than in patients with noncholestatic diseases and normal controls (1 of 23) (P = <0.00001). Patients positive for Helicobacter genus had significantly higher values of alkaline phosphatases and prothrombin complex than Helicobacter-negative patients (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0003, respectively). Among primary sclerosing cholangitis patients, Helicobacter genus PCR positivity was weakly associated with ulcerative colitis (P = 0.05). Significant differences related to blood group or HLA status were not found.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaline Phosphatase/blood
- Bilirubin/blood
- Blotting, Southern
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/microbiology
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/microbiology
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- Female
- Helicobacter/classification
- Helicobacter/genetics
- Helicobacter/isolation & purification
- Helicobacter pylori/classification
- Helicobacter pylori/genetics
- Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Liver/microbiology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/microbiology
- Liver Neoplasms/microbiology
- Lung Neoplasms
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Nilsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Lund University Hospital, Lund
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Nilsson HO, Castedal M, Olsson R, Wadström T. Detection of Helicobacter in the liver of patients with chronic cholestatic liver diseases. J Physiol Pharmacol 1999; 50:875-82. [PMID: 10695566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter species were identified in human liver tissues by PCR. Biopsies were obtained from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and noncholestatic liver cirrhosis. One set of Helicobacter genus-specific primers and two different primer sets for Helicobacter pylori were used in the PCR-assays. Using Helicobacter genus-specific primers 80% (8/10) of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and 90% (9/10) of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were positive. Seven of these 17 samples were positive using two different primers for H. pylori and Southern blot hybridization. Among the non-cholestatic liver cirrhosis controls, only one sample was positive in the Helicobacter genus-specific PCR-assay. Significantly higher values of alkaline phosphatases and prothrombin complex was found for the patients positive for Helicobacter genus. In conclusion, gene sequences of Helicobacter species and H. pylori were detected in human liver tissue using PCR and DNA hybridization in patients with a cholestatic liver disease, but rarely in noncholestatic liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Nilsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden
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Casswall TH, Nilsson HO, Bergström M, Aleljung P, Wadström T, Dahlström AK, Albert MJ, Sarker SA. Evaluation of serology, 13C-urea breath test, and polymerase chain reaction of stool samples to detect Helicobacter pylori in Bangladeshi children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 28:31-6. [PMID: 9890465 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-199901000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serologic methods to detect Helicobacter pylori in infants, especially in developing countries, may be limited because of decreased immune response caused by malnutrition. The true prevalence may therefore be underestimated in this age group. Urea breath test is considered to be a good screening method in children but is expensive and therefore is not suitable for screening in developing countries. Simple, inexpensive, and accurate noninvasive methods to detect H. pylori in infants and young children are needed. METHODS Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and immunoblot (IB) serologic analyses, 13C-urea breath test (UBT), and immunomagnetic separation--polymerase chain reaction (IMS-PCR) were performed on stool specimens, to detect H. pylori in 68 children between 4 and 24 months of age (mean, 11.5 months) in an endemic area in Bangladesh and the results compared. RESULTS The occurrence of H. pylori was 57% (n=39) using only UBT, 60% (n=41) using only IMS-PCR, and 78% (n=53) using UBT and IMS-PCR together. The concordance between UBT and IMS-PCR results was 62%. Immunoblot was positive in only 9% (n=6). Results in all 68 children were negative using EIA. DISCUSSION The prevalence of H. pylori infection in this periurban community and age group was high. Only serologic methods seem to be unsatisfactory for screening of H. pylori infection in infants and may not reflect the true prevalence. Immunomagnetic separation-PCR is a simple and rapid method for detection of H. pylori in stool and is an attractive method for analysis of colonization in infants. However, it may reflect a different stage of disease than UBT. Further studies are needed to clarify this.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Casswall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Huddinge Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
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Wang X, Sturegård E, Rupar R, Nilsson HO, Aleljung PA, Carlén B, Willén R, Wadström T. Infection of BALB/c A mice by spiral and coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori. J Med Microbiol 1997; 46:657-63. [PMID: 9511813 DOI: 10.1099/00222615-46-8-657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori exists in two different morphological forms, spiral and coccoid. This study demonstrated that both forms can infect BALB/c A mice. The animals were inoculated orally three times at 2-day intervals with 10(8) cfu of both spiral and coccoid forms of strain CCUG 17874 (NCTC 11637), strain 25 and strain 553/93. Infection was followed over a 30-week period by histological scoring of the grade of inflammation in gastric biopsies. At each time point sera were collected for analysis in ELISA and immunoblot analysis. Both spiral and coccoid forms of all H. pylori strains gave significantly higher inflammation scores than a control group of animals 1 week after inoculation. The histological evidence persisted throughout the entire 30 weeks. The inflammation was most severe in the pylorus and duodenum. Infection with strain 553/93 displayed the most severe gastritis. The spiral form of strain CCUG 17874 gave an immune response after only 4 weeks, whereas its coccoid form as well as strains 25 and 553/93 (spiral and coccoid forms) gave a significant increase in antibody response in ELISA and immunoblot after 16 weeks. It is concluded that both spiral and coccoid forms of H. pylori can cause acute gastritis in BALB/c A mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Antibodies, Bacterial/metabolism
- Antigens, Bacterial
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Biopsy
- DNA, Bacterial/analysis
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Duodenum/microbiology
- Duodenum/pathology
- Gastritis/etiology
- Gastritis/microbiology
- Gastritis/pathology
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Helicobacter Infections/complications
- Helicobacter Infections/pathology
- Helicobacter pylori/cytology
- Helicobacter pylori/genetics
- Immunoblotting
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/cytology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred A
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microscopy, Electron
- Pylorus/microbiology
- Pylorus/pathology
- Stomach/microbiology
- Stomach/pathology
- Stomach/ultrastructure
- Time Factors
- Urease/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden
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Nilsson HO, Aleljung P, Nilsson I, Tyszkiewicz T, Wadström T. Immunomagnetic bead enrichment and PCR for detection of Helicobacter pylori in human stools. J Microbiol Methods 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7012(96)00930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Aleljung P, Nilsson HO, Wang X, Nyberg P, Mörner T, Warsame I, Wadström T. Gastrointestinal colonisation of BALB/cA mice by Helicobacter pylori monitored by heparin magnetic separation. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1996; 13:303-9. [PMID: 8739194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1996.tb00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunocompetent and immunodeficient BALB/cA mice were fed orally with 10(8) colony forming units of 2-day-old spiral or coccoid (12 days old) Helicobacter pylori strain NCTC 11637. Immunocompetent BALB/cA mice were also fed orally with decreasing numbers of spiral or coccoid forms of H. pylori. The gastrointestinal colonisation process was monitored for 34 days post-infection by heparin magnetic separation and subsequent enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of the H. pylori cells. Both mice types were colonised with H. pylori. The coccoid form of H. pylori gave higher EIA absorbance values and more efficient colonisation in the mice than the spiral form. Immunocompetent BALB/cA mice fed with the coccoid form of H. pylori exhibited an acute inflammation process in histopathological samples from the stomachs. In conclusion, H. pylori can infect both immunocompetent as well as immunodeficient BALB/cA mice and coccoids (viable but non-culturable) obtained after 12 days of culturing can infect BALB/cA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aleljung
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Sweden
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