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Dimba NR, Mzimela N, Khathi A. Improved Gut Health May Be a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Managing Prediabetes: A Literature Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1275. [PMID: 38927482 PMCID: PMC11201806 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the growing global threat and rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), addressing this metabolic disease is imperative. T2DM is preceded by prediabetes (PD), an intermediate hyperglycaemia that goes unnoticed for years in patients. Several studies have shown that gut microbial diversity and glucose homeostasis in PD or T2DM patients are affected. Therefore, this review aims to synthesize the existing literature to elucidate the association between high-calorie diets, intestinal permeability and their correlation with PD or T2DM. Moreover, it discusses the beneficial effects of different dietary interventions on improving gut health and glucose metabolism. The primary factor contributing to complications seen in PD or T2DM patients is the chronic consumption of high-calorie diets, which alters the gut microbial composition and increases the translocation of toxic substances from the intestinal lumen into the bloodstream. This causes an increase in inflammatory response that further impairs glucose regulation. Several dietary approaches or interventions have been implemented. However, only a few are currently in use and have shown promising results in improving beneficial microbiomes and glucose metabolism. Therefore, additional well-designed studies are still necessary to thoroughly investigate whether improving gut health using other types of dietary interventions can potentially manage or reverse PD, thereby preventing the onset of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville 4000, South Africa; (N.R.D.); (N.M.)
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Jaquez-Durán G, Arellano-Ortiz AL. Western diet components that increase intestinal permeability with implications on health. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:405-421. [PMID: 38009780 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal permeability is a physiological property that allows necessary molecules to enter the organism. This property is regulated by tight junction proteins located between intestinal epithelial cells. However, various factors can increase intestinal permeability (IIP), including diet. Specific components in the Western diet (WD), such as monosaccharides, fat, gluten, salt, alcohol, and additives, can affect the tight junctions between enterocytes, leading to increased permeability. This review explains how these components promote IIP and outlines their potential implications for health. In addition, we describe how a reduction in WD consumption may help improve dietary treatment of diseases associated with IIP. Research has shown that some of these components can cause changes in the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis, which can promote greater intestinal permeability and displacement of endotoxins into the bloodstream. These endotoxins include lipopolysaccharides derived from gram-negative bacteria, and their presence has been associated with various diseases, such as autoimmune, neurological, and metabolic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, nutrition professionals should promote the reduction of WD consumption and consider the inclusion of healthy diet components as part of the nutritional treatment for diseases associated with increased intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Jaquez-Durán
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División Multidisciplinaria de Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Ana Lidia Arellano-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División Multidisciplinaria de Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México
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3
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Noori E, Hashemi N, Rezaee D, Maleki R, Shams F, Kazemi B, Bandepour M, Rahimi F. Potential therapeutic options for celiac Disease: An update on Current evidence from Gluten-Free diet to cell therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112020. [PMID: 38608449 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune enteropathy and multifactorial disease caused by inappropriate immune responses to gluten in the small intestine. Weight loss, anemia, osteoporosis, arthritis, and hepatitis are among the extraintestinal manifestations of active CD. Currently, a strict lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only safe, effective, and available treatment. Despite the social burden, high expenses, and challenges of following a GFD, 2 to 5 percent of patients do not demonstrate clinical or pathophysiological improvement. Therefore, we need novel and alternative therapeutic approaches for patients. Innovative approaches encompass a broad spectrum of strategies, including enzymatic degradation of gluten, inhibition of intestinal permeability, modulation of the immune response, inhibition of the transglutaminase 2 (TG2) enzyme, blocking antigen presentation by HLA-DQ2/8, and induction of tolerance. Hence, this review is focused on comprehensive therapeutic strategies ranging from dietary approaches to novel methods such as antigen-based immunotherapy, cell and gene therapy, and the usage of nanoparticles for CD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Noori
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nader Hashemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delsuz Rezaee
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Forough Shams
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandepour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Wan C, Ji T, Wang L, Wu Q, Chen Q, Wang Y, Li Y, He F, Liu W, Zhong W, Wang B. Exploring the molecular mechanisms and shared gene signatures between celiac disease and ulcerative colitis based on bulk RNA and single-cell sequencing: Experimental verification. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112059. [PMID: 38615385 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Many immune-mediated diseases have the common genetic basis, as an autoimmune disorder, celiac disease (CeD) primarily affects the small intestine, and is caused by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. As for ulcerative colitis (UC), which most likely involves a complex interplay between some components of the commensal microbiota and other environmental factors in its origin. These two autoimmune diseases share a specific target organ, the bowel. The etiology and immunopathogenesis of both conditions characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation, ulcerative colitis and celiac disease, are not completely understood. Both are complex diseases with genetics and the environmental factors contributing to dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to chronic inflammation and disease. This study is designed to further clarify the relationship between UC and CeD. The GEO database was used to download gene expression profiles for CeD (GSE112102) and UC (GSE75214). The GSEA KEGG pathway analysis revealed that immune-related pathways were significantly associated with both diseases. Further, we screened 187 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the two diseases. Gene Ontology (GO) and WikiPathways were carried out to perform the biological process and pathway enrichment analysis. Subsequently, based on the DEGs, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was performed to screen for the diagnostic biomarkers of the diseases. Moreover, single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data from five colonic propria with UC showed that REG4 expression was present in Goblet cell, Enteroendocrine cell, and Epithelial. Finally, our work identified REG4 is the shared gene of UC and CeD via external data validation, cellular experiments, and immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, our study elucidated that abnormal immune response could be the common pathogenesis of UC and CeD, and REG4 might be a key potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the comorbidity of these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshan Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Tao Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qiuyan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin First Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Fengming He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Wentian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Perez-Junkera G, Ruiz de Azua L, Vázquez-Polo M, Lasa A, Fernandez Gil MP, Txurruka I, Navarro V, Larretxi I. Global Approach to Follow-Up of Celiac Disease. Foods 2024; 13:1449. [PMID: 38790748 PMCID: PMC11119929 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder induced by the ingestion of gluten, affects approximately 1.4% of the population. Gluten damages the villi of the small intestine, producing symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating and a subsequent loss of nutrient absorption, causing destabilization of the nutritional status. Moreover, gluten can trigger extra intestinal symptoms, such as asthma or dermatitis, but also mental disorders such as depression or anxiety. Moreover, people suffering from celiac disease sometimes feel misunderstood by society, mainly due to the lack of knowledge about the disease and the gluten-free diet. Thus, the treatment and follow-up of patients with celiac disease should be approached from different perspectives, such as the following: (1) a clinical perspective: symptomatology and dietary adherence monitorization; (2) nutritional assessment: dietary balance achievement; (3) psychological assistance: mental disorders avoidance; and (4) social inclusion: educating society about celiac disease in order to avoid isolation of those with celiac disease. The aim of this narrative review is to gain deep insight into the different strategies that currently exist in order to work on each of these perspectives and to clarify how the complete approach of celiac disease follow-up should be undertaken so that the optimum quality of life of this collective is reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesala Perez-Junkera
- GLUTEN3S Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.P.-J.); (L.R.d.A.); (M.V.-P.); (M.P.F.G.); (I.T.); (V.N.); (I.L.)
- Children’s National Hospital 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Bioaraba, Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Lorea Ruiz de Azua
- GLUTEN3S Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.P.-J.); (L.R.d.A.); (M.V.-P.); (M.P.F.G.); (I.T.); (V.N.); (I.L.)
| | - Maialen Vázquez-Polo
- GLUTEN3S Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.P.-J.); (L.R.d.A.); (M.V.-P.); (M.P.F.G.); (I.T.); (V.N.); (I.L.)
- Bioaraba, Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Arrate Lasa
- GLUTEN3S Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.P.-J.); (L.R.d.A.); (M.V.-P.); (M.P.F.G.); (I.T.); (V.N.); (I.L.)
- Bioaraba, Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Pilar Fernandez Gil
- GLUTEN3S Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.P.-J.); (L.R.d.A.); (M.V.-P.); (M.P.F.G.); (I.T.); (V.N.); (I.L.)
| | - Itziar Txurruka
- GLUTEN3S Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.P.-J.); (L.R.d.A.); (M.V.-P.); (M.P.F.G.); (I.T.); (V.N.); (I.L.)
- Bioaraba, Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Virginia Navarro
- GLUTEN3S Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.P.-J.); (L.R.d.A.); (M.V.-P.); (M.P.F.G.); (I.T.); (V.N.); (I.L.)
- Bioaraba, Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Idoia Larretxi
- GLUTEN3S Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (G.P.-J.); (L.R.d.A.); (M.V.-P.); (M.P.F.G.); (I.T.); (V.N.); (I.L.)
- Bioaraba, Nutrición y Seguridad Alimentaria, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Centro Integral de Atención a Mayores San Prudencio, Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Ishimoto T, Arakawa Y, Vural S, Stöhr J, Vollmer S, Galinski A, Siewert K, Rühl G, Poluektov Y, Delcommenne M, Horvath O, He M, Summer B, Pohl R, Alharbi R, Dornmair K, Arakawa A, Prinz JC. Multiple environmental antigens may trigger autoimmunity in psoriasis through T-cell receptor polyspecificity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374581. [PMID: 38524140 PMCID: PMC10958380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psoriasis is a T-cell mediated autoimmune skin disease. HLA-C*06:02 is the main psoriasis-specific risk gene. Using a Vα3S1/Vβ13S1 T-cell receptor (TCR) from a lesional psoriatic CD8+ T-cell clone we had discovered that, as an underlying pathomechanism, HLA-C*06:02 mediates an autoimmune response against melanocytes in psoriasis, and we had identified an epitope from ADAMTS-like protein 5 (ADAMTSL5) as a melanocyte autoantigen. The conditions activating the psoriatic autoimmune response in genetically predisposed individuals throughout life remain incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to identify environmental antigens that might trigger autoimmunity in psoriasis because of TCR polyspecificity. Methods We screened databases with the peptide recognition motif of the Vα3S1/Vβ13S1 TCR for environmental proteins containing peptides activating this TCR. We investigated the immunogenicity of these peptides for psoriasis patients and healthy controls by lymphocyte stimulation experiments and peptide-loaded HLA-C*06:02 tetramers. Results We identified peptides from wheat, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, microbiota, tobacco, and pathogens that activated both the Vα3S1/Vβ13S1 TCR and CD8+ T cells from psoriasis patients. Using fluorescent HLA-C*06:02 tetramers loaded with ADAMTSL5 or wheat peptides, we find that the same CD8+ T cells may recognize both autoantigen and environmental antigens. A wheat-free diet could alleviate psoriasis in several patients. Discussion Our results show that due to TCR polyspecificity, several environmental antigens corresponding to previously suspected psoriasis risk conditions converge in the reactivity of a pathogenic psoriatic TCR and might thus be able to stimulate the psoriatic autoimmune response against melanocytes. Avoiding the corresponding environmental risk factors could contribute to the management of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Ishimoto
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yukiyasu Arakawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Secil Vural
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Stöhr
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid Vollmer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Galinski
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katherina Siewert
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Geraldine Rühl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Orsolya Horvath
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mengwen He
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Summer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Pohl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rehab Alharbi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Akiko Arakawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg C. Prinz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Floare ML, Wharton SB, Simpson JE, Aeschlimann D, Hoggard N, Hadjivassiliou M. Cerebellar degeneration in gluten ataxia is linked to microglial activation. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae078. [PMID: 38510211 PMCID: PMC10953628 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gluten sensitivity has long been recognized exclusively for its gastrointestinal involvement; however, more recent research provides evidence for the existence of neurological manifestations that can appear in combination with or independent of the small bowel manifestations. Amongst all neurological manifestations of gluten sensitivity, gluten ataxia is the most commonly occurring one, accounting for up to 40% of cases of idiopathic sporadic ataxia. However, despite its prevalence, its neuropathological basis is still poorly defined. Here, we provide a neuropathological characterization of gluten ataxia and compare the presence of neuroinflammatory markers glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, major histocompatibility complex II and cluster of differentiation 68 in the central nervous system of four gluten ataxia cases to five ataxia controls and seven neurologically healthy controls. Our results demonstrate that severe cerebellar atrophy, cluster of differentiation 20+ and cluster of differentiation 8+ lymphocytic infiltration in the cerebellar grey and white matter and a significant upregulation of microglial immune activation in the cerebellar granular layer, molecular layer and cerebellar white matter are features of gluten ataxia, providing evidence for the involvement of both cellular and humoral immune-mediated processes in gluten ataxia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara-Luciana Floare
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Julie E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Daniel Aeschlimann
- Matrix Biology and Tissue Repair Research Unit, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Nigel Hoggard
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Marios Hadjivassiliou
- Academic Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
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Li C, Ng JKC, Chan GCK, Fung WWS, Lai KB, Poon PYK, Luk CCW, Chow KM, Szeto CC. Gut permeability, circulating bacterial fragments and measures of congestion in peritoneal dialysis. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfae056. [PMID: 38516523 PMCID: PMC10956420 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Limited data exist on the association between gut permeability, circulating bacterial fragment and volume overload in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We measured circulating bacterial fragments, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), calprotectin and zonulin levels, and evaluate their association with the clinical outcomes in PD patients. Methods This was a single-center prospective study on 108 consecutive incident PD patients. Plasma endotoxin and bacterial DNA, and serum NT-proBNP, calprotectin and zonulin levels were measured. Primary outcomes were technique and patient survival, secondary outcomes were hospitalization data. Results There was no significant correlation between plasma endotoxin and bacterial DNA, and serum NT-proBNP, calprotectin and zonulin levels. The Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA)-2β index, which represents insulin resistance, positively correlated with plasma bacterial DNA (r = 0.421, P < .001) and calprotectin levels (r = 0.362, P = .003), while serum NT-proBNP level correlated with the severity of volume overload and residual renal function. Serum NT-proBNP level was associated with technique survival even after adjusting for confounding factors [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.030, 95% confidence interval 1.009-1.051]. NT-proBNP level was also associated with patient survival by univariate analysis, but the association became insignificant after adjusting for confounding factors (aHR 1.010, P = .073). Similarly, NT-proBNP correlated with the number of hospitalizations and duration of hospitalization by univariate analysis, but the association became insignificant after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion There was no correlation between markers of gut permeability, circulating bacterial fragments and measures of congestion in PD patients. Bacterial fragments levels and gut permeability are both associated with insulin resistance. Serum NT-proBNP level is associated with the severity of volume overload and technique survival. Further studies are required to delineate the mechanism of high circulating bacterial fragment levels in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlei Li
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gordon Chun-Kau Chan
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winston Wing-Shing Fung
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Bik Lai
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Yam-Kau Poon
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cathy Choi-Wan Luk
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Ming Chow
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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9
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Martínez Gallego MÁ, Crespo Sánchez MG, Serrano Olmedo MG, Buño Soto A, Álvarez Casasempere S, Nozal P, Martínez-Ojinaga E, Molina Arias M, Losantos-García I, Molero-Luis M. Trends in Faecal Zonulin Concentrations in Paediatric Patients with Celiac Disease at Baseline and on a Gluten-Free Diet: Exploring Correlations with Other Faecal Biomarkers. Nutrients 2024; 16:684. [PMID: 38474812 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals, affecting all ages. Intestinal permeability (IP) is crucial in the pathogenesis of CeD and it is primarily governed by tight junctions (TJs) that uphold the intestinal barrier's integrity. The protein zonulin plays a critical role in modulating the permeability of TJs having emerged as a potential non-invasive biomarker to study IP. The importance of this study lies in providing evidence for the usefulness of a non-invasive tool in the study of IP both at baseline and in the follow-up of paediatric patients with CeD. In this single-centre prospective observational study, we explored the correlation between faecal zonulin levels and others faecal and serum biomarkers for monitoring IP in CeD within the paediatric population. We also aimed to establish reference values for faecal zonulin in the paediatric population. We found that faecal zonulin and calprotectin values are higher at the onset of CeD compared with the control population. Specifically, the zonulin levels were 347.5 ng/mL as opposed to 177.7 ng/mL in the control population (p = 0.001), while calprotectin levels were 29.8 μg/g stool compared to 13.9 μg/g stool (p = 0.029). As the duration without gluten consumption increased, a significant reduction in faecal zonulin levels was observed in patients with CeD (348.5 ng/mL vs. 157.1 ng/mL; p = 0.002), along with a decrease in the prevalence of patients with vitamin D insufficiency (88.9% vs. 77.8%). We conclude that faecal zonulin concentrations were higher in the patients with active CeD compared with healthy individuals or those following a gluten-free diet (GFD). The significant decrease in their values over the duration of the GFD suggests the potential use of zonulin as an additional tool in monitoring adherence to a GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio Buño Soto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Nozal
- Department of Immunology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U754), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Ojinaga
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Service, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Molina Arias
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Service, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Molero-Luis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Gudi RR, Johnson BM, Gaudreau MC, Sun W, Ball L, Vasu C. Intestinal permeability and inflammatory features of juvenile age correlate with the eventual systemic autoimmunity in lupus-prone female SWR × NZB F1 (SNF1) mice. Immunology 2024; 171:235-249. [PMID: 37947218 PMCID: PMC10842200 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is about nine times higher in women than in men, and the underlying mechanisms that contribute to this gender bias are not fully understood. Previously, using lupus-prone (SWR × NZB)F1 (SNF1) mice, we have shown that the intestinal immune system could play a role in the initiation and progression of disease in SLE, and depletion of gut microbiota produces more pronounced disease protection in females than in males. Here, we show that the gut permeability features of lupus-prone female SNF1 mice at juvenile ages directly correlate with the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors, faecal IgA abundance and nAg reactivity and the eventual systemic autoantibody levels and proteinuria onset. Furthermore, we observed that the disease protection achieved in female SNF1 mice upon depletion of gut microbiota correlates with the diminished gut inflammatory protein levels, intestinal permeability and circulating microbial DNA levels. However, faecal microbiota transplant from juvenile male and females did not result in modulation of gut inflammatory features or permeability. Overall, these observations suggest that the early onset of intestinal inflammation, systemic autoantibody production and clinical stage disease in lupus-prone females is linked to higher gut permeability in them starting at as early as juvenile age. While the higher gut permeability in juvenile lupus-prone females is dependent on the presence of gut microbes, it appears to be independent of the composition of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika R Gudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin M Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Gaudreau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren Ball
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chenthamarakshan Vasu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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11
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Manza F, Lungaro L, Costanzini A, Caputo F, Volta U, De Giorgio R, Caio G. Gluten and Wheat in Women's Health: Beyond the Gut. Nutrients 2024; 16:322. [PMID: 38276560 PMCID: PMC10820448 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the rise of awareness of gluten/wheat-related disorders in the academic and clinical field in the last few decades, misinformation regarding the gluten-free diet (GFD) and its impact on health has been spreading among the general population. Despite the established link between gluten and celiac disease (CD), where a GFD is mandatory to reach clinical and histological remission, things are more complicated when it comes to non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS) and other autoimmune/dysimmune disorders. In the last conditions, a beneficial effect of gluten withdrawal has not been properly assessed, but still is often suggested without strong supporting evidence. In this context, women have always been exposed, more than men, to higher social pressure related to nutritional behaviors and greater engagement in controlling body weight. With this narrative review, we aim to summarize current evidence on the adherence to a GFD, with particular attention to the impact on women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Manza
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.); (F.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Lisa Lungaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.); (F.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Anna Costanzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.); (F.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Fabio Caputo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.); (F.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Umberto Volta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.); (F.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Giacomo Caio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.); (F.C.); (R.D.G.)
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital—Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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12
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Khan S, Sebastian SA, Parmar MP, Ghadge N, Padda I, Keshta AS, Minhaz N, Patel A. Factors influencing the quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review. Dis Mon 2024; 70:101672. [PMID: 38143196 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic relapsing disorders, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which affects an increasing number of people worldwide. In the last few decades, the scientific world has witnessed many developments in IBD management by controlling debilitating symptoms and remaining in remission for more protracted periods. Even so, we still have a large population suffering from active IBD. An individual's quality of life (QoL) can be severely affected by IBD, like any other chronic illness. In this article, we have reviewed factors influencing the QoL in IBD patients, including chronic pain, diet, physical activity, and psychological factors like depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. We also discussed the mechanisms of diet-microbial-immune system interaction, currently available dietary therapies for active CD and UC, and early psycho-social interventions that can reduce the disease burden and improve QoL in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Khan
- University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Nitin Ghadge
- Independent Researcher, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Inderbir Padda
- Richmond University Medical Center/Mount Sinai, Staten Island, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Naofel Minhaz
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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13
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Tersigni C, Barbaro G, Castellani R, Onori M, Granieri C, Scambia G, Di Simone N. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum ES1 reduces endometrial inflammation in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13804. [PMID: 38282605 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-activation of endometrial inflammasome NALP-3 (Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3) can be found in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) women probably due to leaky gut and passage into circulation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Leaky gut can be caused by exposure to gluten in RPL women genetically predisposed to celiac disease, positive for Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DQ2/DQ8 haplotype. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum ES1 (GliadinES®) can inactivate gluten peptides toxicity to epithelial gut cells and improve gut barrier. METHODS We investigated by enzyme-linked immunoassay: (a) serum levels of LPS and zonuline (a marker of leaky gut); (b) LPS, NALP-3, caspase-1, interleukine (IL)-1β and IL-18 concentration in endometrial fluids, in untreated women with uncomplicated pregnancies (negative HLA-DQ2/DQ8 haplotype) (n = 22) and in women with unexplained RPL, HLA-DQ2/DQ8 positive (n = 22), before and after daily oral administration for 3 months of GliadinES®. RESULTS RLP women showed higher serum levels of LPS (p < 0.0001) and higher concentration of LPS (p < 0.0001), NALP-3 (p < 0.01); Caspase-1 (p < 0.0001), IL-1β (p < 0.0001), and IL-18 (p < 0.0001) in endometrial fluids compared to controls. GliadinES® treatment significantly reduced serum levels of both LPS (p < 0.0001) and zonuline (p < 0.01), as well as LPS (p < 0.5), NALP-3 (p < 0.01), Caspase-1 (p < 0.001), IL-1β (p < 0.001), and IL-18 (p < 0.01) concentrations in endometrial fluids of RPL women. CONCLUSIONS RPL women positive for HLA-DQ2/DQ8 haplotype show increased circulating and endometrial levels of LPS and endometrial inflammasome NALP-3 over-activation. Oral administration of GliadinES® can reduce gut permeability, decrease serum levels of LPS and, contextually, improve endometrial inflammation in this specific subset of RPL women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tersigni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Scambia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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14
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DaFonte TM, Valitutti F, Kenyon V, Locascio JJ, Montuori M, Francavilla R, Passaro T, Crocco M, Norsa L, Piemontese P, Baldassarre M, Fasano A, Leonard MM. Zonulin as a Biomarker for the Development of Celiac Disease. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023063050. [PMID: 38062791 PMCID: PMC10754681 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased intestinal permeability seems to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease (CeD). However, it is unknown whether increased permeability precedes CeD onset. This study's objective was to determine whether intestinal permeability is altered before celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) in at-risk children. We also examined whether environmental factors impacted zonulin, a widely used marker of gut permeability. METHODS We evaluated 102 children in the CDGEMM study from 2014-2022. We included 51 CDA cases and matched controls, who were enrolled for 12 months or more and consumed gluten. We measured serum zonulin from age 12 months to time of CDA onset, and the corresponding time point in controls, and examined clinical factors of interest. We ran a mixed-effects longitudinal model with dependent variable zonulin. RESULTS Children who developed CDA had a significant increase in zonulin in the 18.3 months (range 6-78) preceding CDA compared to those without CDA (slope differential = β = 0.1277, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.255). Among metadata considered, zonulin trajectory was only influenced by increasing number of antibiotic courses, which increased the slope of trajectory of zonulin over time in CDA subjects (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Zonulin levels significantly rise in the months that precede CDA diagnosis. Exposure to a greater number of antibiotic courses was associated with an increase in zonulin levels in CDA subjects. This suggests zonulin may be used as a biomarker for preclinical CeD screening in at-risk children, and multiple antibiotic courses may increase their risk of CDA by increasing zonulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M. DaFonte
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment
| | | | - Victoria Kenyon
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment
| | - Joseph J. Locascio
- Departments of Biostatistics, Harvard Catalyst Biostatistical Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monica Montuori
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Pediatric Unit “Bruno Trambusti,” Osp Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Passaro
- Celiac Disease Referral Center, “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona” University Hospital, Pole of Cava de' Tirreni, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marco Crocco
- Pediatrics, IRCCS Ospedale Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Norsa
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Pasqua Piemontese
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Maureen M. Leonard
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment
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15
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Luiskari L, Launonen H, Lindén J, Lehto M, Vapaatalo H, Salmenkari H, Korpela R. Ketogenic Diet High in Saturated Fat Promotes Colonic Claudin Expression without Changes in Intestinal Permeability to Iohexol in Healthy Mice. Nutrients 2023; 16:18. [PMID: 38201850 PMCID: PMC10780785 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KDs) have been studied in preclinical models of intestinal diseases. However, little is known of how the fat source of these diets influences the intestinal barrier. Herein, we studied the impact of four-week feeding with KD high either in saturated fatty acids (SFA-KD) or polyunsaturated linoleic acid (LA-KD) on paracellular permeability of the intestine to iohexol in healthy male C57BL/6J mice. We investigated jejunal and colonic tight junction protein expression, histological changes, and inflammatory markers (Il1b, Il6, Tnf, and Lcn2), as well as the activity and expression of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) in feces and jejunal tissue, respectively, and plasma lipopolysaccharide. KDs did not change intestinal permeability to iohexol after two or twenty-six days of feeding regardless of fat quality. SFA-KD, but not LA-KD, upregulated the colonic expression of tight junction proteins claudin-1 and -4, as well as the activity of IAP. Both KDs resulted in increased epithelial vacuolation in jejunum, and this was pronounced in SFA-KD. Jejunal Il1β expression was lower and colonic Il6 expression higher in LA-KD compared to SFA-KD. In colon, Tnf mRNA was increased in LA-KD when compared to controls. Overall, the results suggest that KDs do not influence intestinal permeability to iohexol but elicit changes in colonic tight junction proteins and inflammatory markers in both jejunum and colon. Future research will show whether these changes become of importance upon proinflammatory insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Luiskari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (H.V.)
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Launonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (H.V.)
| | - Jere Lindén
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Finnish Centre for Laboratory Animal Pathology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Vapaatalo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (H.V.)
| | - Hanne Salmenkari
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Korpela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (H.V.)
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Dudašova Petrovičova O, Stanković I, Ðordević B, Dopsaj V, Milinković N, Dopsaj M. How Supplementation with SOD-Rich Plant Extract, Combined with Gliadin, Can Affect Oxidative Stress Markers and Zonulin Levels in Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress. Metabolites 2023; 13:1200. [PMID: 38132882 PMCID: PMC10745368 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate the influence of supplementation with a superoxide dismutase (SOD)-rich plant extract on markers of oxidative stress, zonulin levels and the performance of elite athletes. Participants were 30 international-level rowers, divided into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The rowers performed a maximal effort incremental test on a rowing ergometer at the beginning and at the end of the study. Markers of oxidative stress (total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl (SH) groups, bilirubin, uric acid, albumin and zonulin) were determined in serum. A lower TOS (p = 0.010) and OSI (p = 0.004), a lower MDA (p = 0.001) and a higher level of SH groups (p = 0.031) were observed in the experimental group after supplementation. Physical performance was evaluated through metabolic efficiency, taking lactate levels and power output on the ergometer into account. After 6 weeks of supplementation, the relative increase in metabolic efficiency at a 4 mmol/L lactate concentration and maximal effort was significantly higher in the experimental group (p = 0.004 and p = 0.015, respectively). These results suggest that supplementation with a SOD-rich extract promotes lower oxidative stress, better antioxidant protection and, consequently, the better work performance of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olina Dudašova Petrovičova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.S.); (B.Ð.); (N.M.)
| | - Ivan Stanković
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.S.); (B.Ð.); (N.M.)
| | - Brižita Ðordević
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.S.); (B.Ð.); (N.M.)
| | - Violeta Dopsaj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.S.); (B.Ð.); (N.M.)
| | - Neda Milinković
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.S.); (B.Ð.); (N.M.)
| | - Milivoj Dopsaj
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Blagoja Parovića 156, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Hosseinian SZ, Haghighatdoost F, Hajihashemi P, Adibi P. Effects of gluten on dyspeptic symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2023; 82:9-33. [PMID: 37115663 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Research on the effects of gluten on dyspeptic symptoms has shown conflicting results. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials was to assess the effects of gluten on dyspeptic symptoms. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and Embase online databases was performed up to May 2022. DATA EXTRACTION Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs that examined the impact of a gluten-free diet, a low-gluten diet, or a gluten challenge on dyspeptic symptoms, including early satiety, epigastric pain, bloating, and nausea, were selected independently by 2 authors. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) framework was used to assess the certainty of the evidence. Results were pooled using a random-effects model and expressed as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95%CIs. DATA ANALYSIS Of the 7641 citations retrieved, 27 articles (18 RCTs and 9 non-RCTs) were included in the systematic review. Of those, 5 RCTs were eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that gluten challenge significantly increased the severity of bloating (WMD = 0.67; 95%CI, 0.37-0.97; I2 = 81.8%; n = 6), early satiety (WMD = 0.91; 95%CI, 0.58-1.23; I2 = 27.2%; n = 5), and epigastric pain (WMD = 0.46; 95%CI, 0.17-0.75; I2 = 65.8%; n = 6). However, the effect of gluten challenge on the severity of nausea (WMD = 0.13; 95%CI, -0.17 to 0.43; I2 = 0.0%, n = 5) was nonsignificant. CONCLUSION Gluten challenge significantly worsened dyspeptic symptoms, including bloating, early satiety, and epigastric pain, but did not affect nausea. These findings suggest that gluten restriction could be efficient in reducing dyspeptic symptoms. Well-designed large RCTs recruiting homogenous groups of patients with functional dyspepsia are needed to clarify the effectiveness of gluten restriction on dyspeptic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh-Zeynab Hosseinian
- are with the Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- is with the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Hajihashemi
- are with the Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- are with the Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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18
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Zolnikova O, Dzhakhaya N, Bueverova E, Sedova A, Kurbatova A, Kryuchkova K, Butkova T, Izotov A, Kulikova L, Yurku K, Chekulaev P, Zaborova V. The Contribution of the Intestinal Microbiota to the Celiac Disease Pathogenesis along with the Effectiveness of Probiotic Therapy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2848. [PMID: 38137992 PMCID: PMC10745538 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of many human disorders, including celiac disease (CD), is thought to be influenced by the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract and its metabolites, according to current research. This study's goal was to provide a concise summary of the information on the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to the CD pathogenesis, which was actively addressed while examining the reported pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). We assumed that a change in gluten tolerance is formed under the influence of a number of different factors, including genetic predisposition and environmental factors. In related investigations, researchers have paid increasing attention to the study of disturbances in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its functional activity in CD. A key finding of our review is that the intestinal microbiota has gluten-degrading properties, which, in turn, may have a protective effect on the development of CD. The intestinal microbiota contributes to maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, preventing the formation of a "leaky" intestine. On the contrary, a change in the composition of the microbiota can act as a significant link in the pathogenesis of gluten intolerance and exacerbate the course of the disease. The possibility of modulating the composition of the microbiota by prescribing probiotic preparations is being considered. The effectiveness of the use of probiotics containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria in experimental and clinical studies as a preventive and therapeutic agent has been documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Zolnikova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Natiya Dzhakhaya
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Elena Bueverova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Alla Sedova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Anastasia Kurbatova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Kira Kryuchkova
- Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatyana Butkova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Biobanking Group, 109028 Moscow, Russia; (T.B.); (A.I.); (L.K.)
| | - Alexander Izotov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Biobanking Group, 109028 Moscow, Russia; (T.B.); (A.I.); (L.K.)
| | - Ludmila Kulikova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Biobanking Group, 109028 Moscow, Russia; (T.B.); (A.I.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS—The Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Kseniya Yurku
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel Chekulaev
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Victoria Zaborova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
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Urlep D, Orel R, Kunstek P, Benedik E. Treatment of Active Crohn's Disease in Children Using Partial Enteral Nutrition Combined with a Modified Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet: A Pilot Prospective Cohort Trial on Clinical and Endoscopic Outcomes. Nutrients 2023; 15:4676. [PMID: 37960328 PMCID: PMC10650058 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial enteral nutrition (PEN) coupled with the Crohn's disease (CD) exclusion diet (CDED) was shown to be effective in inducing clinical remission in paediatric CD. There are currently no robust data on the endoscopic outcomes of PEN. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and endoscopic rates of remission after PEN combined with a modified CDED (mCDED) adjusted to the local cuisine in comparison with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) for the induction of remission. METHODS Between June 2017 and February 2021, a prospective cohort study on children with active CD, treated with PEN + mCDED or EEN, was performed at a single tertiary centre. RESULTS During the study period, 54 patients were screened and 15 were excluded according to the exclusion criteria, with six patients excluded in the first two days due to intolerance of the enteral formula. Fourteen patients were included in the PEN and 19 in the EEN group. They were assessed at Weeks 0, 1, 3 and 6, using clinical and laboratory parameters. Endoscopy was performed at Weeks 0 and 6. Clinical remission rates per protocol analysis were 84.6% in the PEN group and 81.3% in the EEN group (p = 0.99). At Week 6, an endoscopic response (a decline in the Simple Endoscopic Score for CD (SES-CD) > 50%) was observed in 84.6% of patients on PEN and in 68.8% on EEN treatment (p = 0.41). Endoscopic remission (SES-CD ≤ 2) was achieved in 53.8% of patients in the PEN group and in 50.0% in the EEN group (p = 0.99), while the mucosal healing rates (SES-CD = 0) were 38.5% with PEN and 43.8% with EEN (p = 0.99). A significant decline in the clinical and endoscopic activity scores was observed in both groups. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that PEN + mCDED could be effective in inducing endoscopic remission and mucosal healing in active paediatric CD patients. Here, we present an analysis of the data from our cohort of patients and our real-world experience with PEN + mCDED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Urlep
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.U.); (R.O.); (P.K.)
| | - Rok Orel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.U.); (R.O.); (P.K.)
| | - Patricija Kunstek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.U.); (R.O.); (P.K.)
| | - Evgen Benedik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.U.); (R.O.); (P.K.)
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Maher S, Geoghegan C, Brayden DJ. Safety of surfactant excipients in oral drug formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 202:115086. [PMID: 37739041 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants are a diverse group of compounds that share the capacity to adsorb at the boundary between distinct phases of matter. They are used as pharmaceutical excipients, food additives, emulsifiers in cosmetics, and as household/industrial detergents. This review outlines the interaction of surfactant-type excipients present in oral pharmaceutical dosage forms with the intestinal epithelium of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Many surfactants permitted for human consumption in oral products reduce intestinal epithelial cell viability in vitro and alter barrier integrity in epithelial cell monolayers, isolated GI tissue mucosae, and in animal models. This suggests a degree of mis-match for predicting safety issues in humans from such models. Recent controversial preclinical research also infers that some widely used emulsifiers used in oral products may be linked to ulcerative colitis, some metabolic disorders, and cancers. We review a wide range of surfactant excipients in oral dosage forms regarding their interactions with the GI tract. Safety data is reviewed across in vitro, ex vivo, pre-clinical animal, and human studies. The factors that may mitigate against some of the potentially abrasive effects of surfactants on GI epithelia observed in pre-clinical studies are summarised. We conclude with a perspective on the overall safety of surfactants in oral pharmaceutical dosage forms, which has relevance for delivery system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Maher
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Caroline Geoghegan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Arora S, Tayade A, Bhardwaj T, Pathak SS. Unveiling the Link: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of the Relationship Between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Celiac Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e47726. [PMID: 38022113 PMCID: PMC10676227 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition with a genetic predisposition. It has underlying autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. It is often accompanied by other autoimmune conditions. This article focuses on celiac disease (CD), also an autoimmune disease. It is caused by gluten exposure. Both these conditions have genetic predisposing factors. Apart from the genetic background, aberrant small intestine immune response, inflammation, and different grades of enteropathy present in T1DM and CD are the same. With a mean frequency of 8%, the CD frequency of T1DM ranges from 3 to 16%. All T1DM patients should undergo serological testing for CD using antibodies to tissue transglutaminase at the time of T1DM onset. Individuals with T1DM and those accompanied by CD must follow a diet with no gluten. To outline the steps that can avert the development of these disorders and reduce the morbidity of the affected people, a complete understanding of the intricate pathophysiology of T1DM and its connection to CD has been undertaken in this review. The use of resources, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, has made this possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanvi Arora
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ayush Tayade
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Tanya Bhardwaj
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Swanand S Pathak
- Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Kamilova AT, Azizova GK, Poddighe D, Umarnazarova ZE, Abdullaeva DA, Geller SI, Azimova ND. Celiac Disease in Uzbek Children: Insights into Disease Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics in Symptomatic Pediatric Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3066. [PMID: 37835809 PMCID: PMC10572208 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few studies on pediatric Celiac Disease (CD) are available from Central Asia. Recent immunogenetic research has highlighted that the HLA-DQ2/8 genetic predisposition to CD as well as the dietary intake of gluten in this geographical area, are comparable to other regions of the world where CD prevalence is known to be 1% or higher. METHODS This is a prospective and cross-sectional study investigating the prevalence and clinical characteristics of CD in symptomatic children referred to the pediatric gastroenterology department of a tertiary hospital in Uzbekistan from 1 September 2021, until 31 July 2022. In addition to collecting the relevant information related to clinical manifestations and laboratory analyses from the clinical files, a specific survey was also administered to patients' guardians. Serological, histopathological, and immunogenetic parameters specific to CD, fecal zonulin, and pancreatic elastases were assessed in CD patients. RESULTS The study population consisted of 206 children. Overall, almost all of them (n = 192; 93.2%) were referred because of gastrointestinal manifestations, which were associated with extra-gastrointestinal manifestations in most cases (n = 153; 74.3%); a minority (n = 14; 6.8%) was mainly referred due short stature and/or growth failure only. Among all of these study participants, CD was diagnosed in 11 children (5.3%). Notably, although diarrhea was similarly reported in CD and non-CD patients, watery diarrhea (type 7 according to the Bristol stool scale) was much more frequently and significantly observed in the former group. All of these CD patients showed anti-tTG IgA 10 times higher than the upper normal limit, except one child with lower serum levels of total IgA; however, all of them received a diagnostic confirmation by histopathological analysis due to the lack of EMA testing in the country. Notably, most CD children (82%) showed a Marsh III histological grading. Around half patients (54.5%) showed zonulin values above the reference range, whereas none showed insufficient levels of pancreatic elastase. However, no correlation or association between zonulin and clinical, laboratory, histopathological, and immunogenetic parameters was found. CONCLUSIONS This study may further suggest a relevant prevalence of CD in Uzbek children, based on this partial picture emerging from symptomatic patients only. Additionally, we highlighted the prevalence of typical CD forms with watery diarrhea, which should strongly support a full diagnostic work-up for CD in the local clinical setting. The high levels of anti-tTG IgA and high Marsh grade might also lead us to speculate a significant diagnostic delay despite the classical clinical expression of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altinoy T. Kamilova
- Gastroenterology Department, Pediatric Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of the Ministry of Health of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100179, Uzbekistan; (A.T.K.); (G.K.A.); (Z.E.U.); (D.A.A.); (S.I.G.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Gulnoza K. Azizova
- Gastroenterology Department, Pediatric Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of the Ministry of Health of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100179, Uzbekistan; (A.T.K.); (G.K.A.); (Z.E.U.); (D.A.A.); (S.I.G.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Dimitri Poddighe
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, University Medical Center, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Zulkhumar E. Umarnazarova
- Gastroenterology Department, Pediatric Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of the Ministry of Health of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100179, Uzbekistan; (A.T.K.); (G.K.A.); (Z.E.U.); (D.A.A.); (S.I.G.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Dilrabo A. Abdullaeva
- Gastroenterology Department, Pediatric Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of the Ministry of Health of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100179, Uzbekistan; (A.T.K.); (G.K.A.); (Z.E.U.); (D.A.A.); (S.I.G.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Svetlana I. Geller
- Gastroenterology Department, Pediatric Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of the Ministry of Health of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100179, Uzbekistan; (A.T.K.); (G.K.A.); (Z.E.U.); (D.A.A.); (S.I.G.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Noiba D. Azimova
- Gastroenterology Department, Pediatric Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of the Ministry of Health of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100179, Uzbekistan; (A.T.K.); (G.K.A.); (Z.E.U.); (D.A.A.); (S.I.G.); (N.D.A.)
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23
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McMillan A, Perez C, Brooks AE. A review of the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of celiac disease in the context of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genetic predisposition. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35351. [PMID: 37746961 PMCID: PMC10519524 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most prescribed and widely used medications; however, the long-term effects of these medications are only beginning to be investigated. Since the introduction of omeprazole in 1989, PPIs have become the first-choice treatment for esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, Zoster-Ellison syndrome, dyspepsia, and the prevention of ulcers with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Recent studies have specifically examined the rise in celiac disease (CD) in this context. This review explores how PPIs may impact the development of CD and highlights the need for additional research into the environmental and genetic factors that influence the development and progression of the disease. A literature search was performed using the keywords celiac disease, proton pump inhibitors, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2, HLA-DQ8. The pathogenesis of CD is multifactorial, and human leukocyte antigens are one factor that may contribute to its development. Additionally, pharmaceuticals, such as PPIs, that cause gut dysbiosis have been linked to the inflammatory response present in CD. Recent studies have suggested that the rise in CD could be attributed to changes in the gut microbiome, highlighting the significant role that gut microbiota is proposed to play in CD pathogenesis. Although PPI therapy is helpful in reducing acid production in gastroesophageal disorders, additional information is needed to determine whether PPIs are still an appropriate treatment option with the possibility of developing CD in the future, particularly in the context of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 predispositions. This review emphasizes the importance of personalized medicine for individuals with gastroesophageal disorders that require long-term use of PPIs.
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Bruzzese V, Marrese C, Scolieri P, Pepe J. Efficacy of a gluten-free diet in reducing the widespread pain index and symptom severity scale in patients affected by fibromyalgia. Reumatismo 2023; 75. [PMID: 37721353 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary interventions to improve fibromyalgia (FM) symptoms reported conflicting results. This study aimed to treat FM patients with a gluten-free diet (GFD), alternated with a non-restricted gluten-containing diet, followed by a rechallenge of the GFD. METHODS Twenty postmenopausal women with FM and no history of celiac disease participated. A GFD was assigned for 6 months. This was followed by 3 months of a non-restricted gluten-containing diet and then a new GFD for another 6 months. At each visit, the widespread pain index (WPI) and the symptom severity scale (SS) scores were evaluated. RESULTS The mean age of the patients enrolled was 53.9±10 years. None of the patients had a diagnosis of irritable bowel disease, although they reported vague gastrointestinal symptoms. After 6 months of a GFD, a statistically significant reduction was observed for the WPI (10.3±1.8 vs 7.7±1.4; p<0.0001) and the SS scale (6.4±1.8 vs 4.15±1.6; p=0.0002). The D percentage reduction of the WPI after 6 months of GFD was -24%±9%, while for the SS scale, it was -36%±21%. The following reintroduction of a gluten-containing diet brought about a statistically significant rise in the absolute SS scale and WPI, as well as a D modification of the WPI (21%±13%) and of the SS scale (74%±90%). The rechallenge of the GFD showed a significant improvement in absolute and D WPI (-24%±7%) and SS (-36%±11%). No modifications to the body mass index were found. CONCLUSIONS A GFD improved FM symptoms evaluated with WPI and SS. This was confirmed for the first time, also with a rechallenge of the GFD that followed a non-restricted gluten-containing diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bruzzese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, P.O. S. Spirito-Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome.
| | - C Marrese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, P.O. S. Spirito-Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome.
| | - P Scolieri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, P.O. S. Spirito-Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome.
| | - J Pepe
- Departement of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Disease, Sapienza University of Rome.
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Lin YH, Kuo NR, Shen HC, Chang YC, Lin R, Liao TL, Yeh HY, Yang YY, Hou MC, Lin HC. Prediction models combining zonulin, LPS, and LBP predict acute kidney injury and hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13048. [PMID: 37567912 PMCID: PMC10421946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI) in cirrhosis has been associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut-kidney crosstalk. We use the related markers such as zonulin, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) to predict AKI and HRS-AKI in cirrhotic patients and evaluate their in vitro effects on intestinal (Caco-2) cells and renal tubular (HK-2) cells. From 2013 to 2020, we enrolled 70 cirrhotic patients and developed prediction models for AKI and HRS-AKI over a six-month period. There were 13 (18.6%) and 8 (11.4%) cirrhotic patients developed AKI and HRS-AKI. The prediction models incorporated zonulin, LPS, LBP, C-reactive protein, age, and history of hepatitis B for AKI, and zonulin, LPS, LBP, total bilirubin, and Child-Pugh score for HRS-AKI. The area under curve (AUC) for the prediction of AKI and HRS-AKI was 0.94 and 0.95, respectively. Furthermore, the conditioned medium of LPS+hrLBP pre-treated Caco-2 cells induced apoptosis, necrosis, and zonulin release in HK-2 cells, demonstrating the communication between them. This study found that zonulin, LPS, and LBP are potential practical markers for predicting AKI and HRS-AKI in cirrhotic patients, which may serve as potential targets for renal outcomes in cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office, Clinical Innovation Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Rong Kuo
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office, Clinical Innovation Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chin Shen
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office, Clinical Innovation Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chien Chang
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office, Clinical Innovation Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Roger Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office, Clinical Innovation Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Yeh
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office, Clinical Innovation Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office, Clinical Innovation Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen S, Liu X, Wang Z, Zheng D, Wang Y, Yan Y, Peng X, Ye Q, Chen Y. Transcriptome profile and immune infiltrated landscape revealed a novel role of γδT cells in mediating pyroptosis in celiac disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:497. [PMID: 37488584 PMCID: PMC10364383 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CeD) is a primary malabsorption syndrome with no specific therapy, which greatly affects the quality of life. Since the pathogenesis of CeD remains riddled, based on multiple transcriptome profiles, this study aimed to establish an immune interaction network and elucidated new mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CeD, providing potentially new evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of CeD. METHODS Three microarray and three RNA sequencing datasets of human duodenal tissue with or without CeD were included in Gene Expression Omnibus and respectively merged into derivation and validation cohorts. Differential expression gene and functional enrichment analysis were developed, then pyroptosis enrichment score (PES) model was established to quantify pyroptosis levels. Immune infiltration and co-expression network were constructed based on Xcell database. Protein-protein interaction and weighted gene co-expression network analysis were determined to identify pyroptosis relative hub genes, whose predictive efficiency were tested using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model. CeD animal and in vitro cell line models were established to verify the occurrence of pyroptosis and molecules expression employing immunofluorescence, western blotting, cell counting kit-8 assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis of single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) was performed using "Seurat" R package. RESULTS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (137) were identified in derivation cohort whose function was mainly enriched in interferon response and suppression of metabolism. Since an enrichment of pyroptosis pathway in CeD was unexpectedly discovered, a PES model with high efficiency was constructed and verified with two external databases, which confirmed that pyroptosis was significantly upregulated in CeD epithelia. γδT cells exhibited high expression of IFN-γ were the most relevant cells associated with pyroptosis and occupied a greater weight in the LASSO predictive model of CeD. An accumulation of GSDMD expressed in epithelia was identified using scRNAseq, while animal model and in vitro experiments confirmed that epithelium cells were induced to become "pre-pyroptotic" status via IFN-γ/IRF1/GSDMD axis. Furthermore, gluten intake triggered pyroptosis via caspase-1/GSDMD/IL-1β pathway. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that pyroptosis was involved in the pathogenesis of CeD, and elucidated the novel role of γδT cells in mediating epithelial cell pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuze Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Integrative Clinical Microecology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dekai Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Integrative Clinical Microecology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiling Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Peng
- Integrative Clinical Microecology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiujuan Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Integrative Clinical Microecology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
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27
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Aguilar EC, Fernandes-Braga W, Santos EA, Leocádio PCL, Dos Santos Aggum Capettini L, Orellano LAA, Campos PP, Lemos VS, Soares FLP, Navia-Pelaez JM, Alvarez-Leite JI. Gluten worsens non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by affecting lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in diet-induced obese apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04802-3. [PMID: 37402020 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatic fat accumulation and hepatocyte injury. Preclinical studies have shown exacerbated weight gain associated with an obesogenic gluten-containing diet. However, whether gluten affects obesity-induced hepatic lipid accumulation still remains unclear. We hypothesized that gluten intake could affect fatty liver development in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of gluten intake on NAFLD in HFD-induced obese mice. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice were fed with a HFD containing (GD) or not (GFD) vital wheat gluten (4.5%) for 10 weeks. Blood and liver were collected for further analysis. We found that gluten exacerbated weight gain, hepatic fat deposition, and hyperglycemia without affecting the serum lipid profile. Livers of the GD group showed a larger area of fibrosis, associated with the expression of collagen and MMP9, and higher expression of apoptosis-related factors, p53, p21, and caspase-3. The expression of lipogenic factors, such as PPARγ and Acc1, was more elevated and factors related to beta-oxidation, such as PPARα and Cpt1, were lower in the GD group compared to the GFD. Further, gluten intake induced a more significant expression of Cd36, suggesting higher uptake of free fatty acids. Finally, we found lower protein expression of PGC1α followed by lower activation of AMPK. Our data show that gluten-containing high-fat diet exacerbated NAFLD by affecting lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in obese Apoe-/- mice through a mechanism involving lower activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edenil Costa Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil.
- Precision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Weslley Fernandes-Braga
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil
- Precision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elandia Aparecida Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil
| | - Paola Caroline Lacerda Leocádio
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Peixoto Campos
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virginia Soares Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Maria Navia-Pelaez
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil
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28
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Manai F, Zanoletti L, Arfini D, Micco SGD, Gjyzeli A, Comincini S, Amadio M. Dimethyl Fumarate and Intestine: From Main Suspect to Potential Ally against Gut Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9912. [PMID: 37373057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a well-characterized molecule that exhibits immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties and that is currently approved for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Due to its Nrf2-dependent and independent mechanisms of action, DMF has a therapeutic potential much broader than expected. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the state-of-the-art and future perspectives regarding the potential repurposing of DMF in the context of chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine, such as inflammatory bowel disorders (i.e., Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) and celiac disease. DMF's mechanisms of action, as well as an exhaustive analysis of the in vitro/in vivo evidence of its beneficial effects on the intestine and the gut microbiota, together with observational studies on multiple sclerosis patients, are here reported. Based on the collected evidence, we highlight the new potential applications of this molecule in the context of inflammatory and immune-mediated intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lisa Zanoletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Davide Arfini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Giorgio De Micco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Arolda Gjyzeli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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29
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Aleman RS, Cedillos R, Page R, Olson D, Aryana K. Physico-chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of yogurt as affected by various ingredients. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3868-3883. [PMID: 37080788 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
l-Glutamine, quercetin, slippery elm bark, marshmallow root, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, licorice root, maitake mushrooms, and zinc orotate have been reported to help treat leaky gut. The purpose of this research was to explore the impact of these functional ingredients on the physico-chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of yogurt. The milk from same source was equally divided into 9 pails and the 8 ingredients were randomly assigned to the 8 pails. The control had no ingredient. Milk was fermented to yogurt. The pH, titratable acidity, syneresis, viscosity, color (L*, a*, b*, C*, and h*), Streptococcus thermophilus counts, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus counts of yogurts were determined on d 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, whereas coliform counts, yeast and mold counts, and rheological characteristics were determined on d 1 and 42. The sensory study was performed on d 3 and particle size of the functional ingredients (powder form) was also determined. When compared with control, the incorporation of slippery elm bark into yogurts led to less syneresis. l-Glutamine increased pH and n' values (relaxation exponent derived from G') and lowered titratable acidity values. N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine incorporation resulted in higher n' and lower titratable acidity values, whereas maitake mushroom led to lower n' values. Incorporating quercetin increased the growth of L. bulgaricus. Adding maitake mushrooms increased the growth of S. thermophilus but lowered apparent viscosity values, whereas quercetin decreased its S. thermophilus counts. Quercetin decreased L* and a* values but increased b* values, and maitake mushroom increased a* values. Thixotropic behavior increased with the addition of licorice root and quercetin. Adding slippery elm bark, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, licorice root, maitake mushrooms, and zinc orotate into yogurt did not affect the sensory properties, whereas yogurts with quercetin had the lowest sensory scores. Overall, most of these ingredients did not cause major changes to yogurt properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo S Aleman
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - Roberto Cedillos
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - Ryan Page
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - Douglas Olson
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - Kayanush Aryana
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803.
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30
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Maurano F, Rotondi Aufiero V, Treppiccione L, Rossi S, Luongo D, Mazzarella G, Rossi M. The HLA-DQ8 transgenic mouse: A model to study the immune and cytotoxic responses to wheat gliadin. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 179:157-171. [PMID: 37625873 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A complete understanding of celiac disease (CD) pathogenesis has been hindered to date because of the lack of adequate in vivo models. Herein, we describe two in vivo approaches in HLA-DQ8-transgenic mice to study the intrinsic cytoxicity and immune features of wheat gliadin. By adopting the first method, we explored the mucosal architecture of the small intestine following the intra-gastric administration of wheat gliadin in mice treated with indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenases. Mice showed a significant reduction of villus height, increased crypt depth and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. The second approach involved the mucosal sensitization to gliadin via the intranasal route. This protocol induced a Th1/Th17 phenotype in mesenteric lymph nodes, as described in CD. In conclusion, these methods remain instrumental to analyze in vivo distinct biological features of wheat gliadin and related prolamins. Furthermore, the sensitization protocol could be exploited to test innovative strategies downregulating the gliadin-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy.
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31
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Liang L, Saunders C, Sanossian N. Food, gut barrier dysfunction, and related diseases: A new target for future individualized disease prevention and management. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1671-1704. [PMID: 37051344 PMCID: PMC10084985 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of gut barrier is known as "leaky gut" or increased intestinal permeability. Numerous recent scientific evidences showed the association between gut dysfunction and multiple gastrointestinal tract (GI) and non-GI diseases. Research also demonstrated that food plays a crucial role to cause or remedy gut dysfunction related to diseases. We reviewed recent articles from electronic databases, mainly PubMed. The data were based on animal models, cell models, and human research in vivo and in vitro models. In this comprehensive review, our aim focused on the relationship between dietary factors, intestinal permeability dysfunction, and related diseases. This review synthesizes currently available literature and is discussed in three parts: (a) the mechanism of gut barrier and function, (b) food and dietary supplements that may promote gut health, and food or medication that may alter gut function, and (c) a table that organizes the synthesized information by general mechanisms for diseases related to leaky gut/intestinal permeability and associated dietary influences. With future research, dietary intervention could be a new target for individualized disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Liang
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Nerses Sanossian
- Department of NeurologyMedical School of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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32
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Cenni S, Sesenna V, Boiardi G, Casertano M, Russo G, Reginelli A, Esposito S, Strisciuglio C. The Role of Gluten in Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071615. [PMID: 37049456 PMCID: PMC10096482 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluten is only partially digested by intestinal enzymes and can generate peptides that can alter intestinal permeability, facilitating bacterial translocation, thus affecting the immune system. Few studies addressed the role of diet with gluten in the development of intestinal inflammation and in other gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this narrative review was to analyse the role of gluten in several gastrointestinal diseases so as to give a useful overview of its effectiveness in the prevention and management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Cenni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Sesenna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Boiardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marianna Casertano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Russo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Reginelli
- Radiology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5665464; Fax: +39-081-7462679
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33
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Aguilar EC, Fernandes-Braga W, Leocádio PCL, Campos GP, Lemos VS, de Oliveira RP, Caetano de Faria AM, Dos Santos Aggum Capettini L, Alvarez-Leite JI. Dietary gluten worsens hepatic steatosis by increasing inflammation and oxidative stress in ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2023; 14:3332-3347. [PMID: 36940107 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder in the world. We have seen that gluten intake exacerbated obesity and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. In this study, we investigated the effect of gluten consumption on inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver of mice with NAFLD. Male ApoE-/- mice were fed a gluten-free (GF-HFD) or gluten-containing (G-HFD) high-fat diet for 10 weeks. Blood, liver, and spleen were collected to perform the analyses. The animals of the gluten group had increased hepatic steatosis, followed by increased serum AST and ALT. Gluten intake increased hepatic infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils, as well as the levels of chemotaxis-related factors CCL2, Cxcl2, and Cxcr3. The production of the TNF, IL-1β, IFNγ, and IL-4 cytokines in the liver was also increased by gluten intake. Furthermore, gluten exacerbated the hepatic lipid peroxidation and nitrotyrosine deposition, which were associated with increased production of ROS and nitric oxide. These effects were related to increased expression of NADPH oxidase and iNOS, as well as decreased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes. There was an increased hepatic expression of the NF-κB and AP1 transcription factors, corroborating the worsening effect of gluten on inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, we found an increased frequency of CD4+FOXP3+ lymphocytes in the spleen and increased gene expression of Foxp3 in the livers of the G-HFD group. In conclusion, dietary gluten aggravates NAFLD, exacerbating hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese ApoE-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edenil Costa Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Weslley Fernandes-Braga
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil. .,Precision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Paola Caroline Lacerda Leocádio
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Gianne Paul Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Virginia Soares Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Maria Caetano de Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | | | - Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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34
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Dijk W, Villa C, Benedé S, Vassilopoulou E, Mafra I, Garrido-Arandia M, Martínez Blanco M, Bouchaud G, Hoppenbrouwers T, Bavaro SL, Giblin L, Knipping K, Castro AM, Delgado S, Costa J, Bastiaan-Net S. Critical features of an in vitro intestinal absorption model to study the first key aspects underlying food allergen sensitization. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:971-1005. [PMID: 36546415 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New types of protein sources will enter our diet in a near future, reinforcing the need for a straightforward in vitro (cell-based) screening model to test and predict the safety of these novel proteins, in particular their potential risk for de novo allergic sensitization. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for allergen sensitization describes the current knowledge of key events underlying the complex cellular interactions that proceed allergic food sensitization. Currently, there is no consensus on the in vitro model to study the intestinal translocation of proteins as well as the epithelial activation, which comprise the first molecular initiation events (ME1-3) and the first key event of the AOP, respectively. As members of INFOGEST, we have highlighted several critical features that should be considered for any proposed in vitro model to study epithelial protein transport in the context of allergic sensitization. In addition, we defined which intestinal cell types are indispensable in a consensus model of the first steps of the AOP, and which cell types are optional or desired when there is the possibility to create a more complex cell model. A model of these first key aspects of the AOP can be used to study the gut epithelial translocation behavior of known hypo- and hyperallergens, juxtaposed to the transport behavior of novel proteins as a first screen for risk management of dietary proteins. Indeed, this disquisition forms a basis for the development of a future consensus model of the allergic sensitization cascade, comprising also the other key events (KE2-5).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Benedé
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Garrido-Arandia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez Blanco
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tamara Hoppenbrouwers
- Food Quality & Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Lucia Bavaro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (Ispa-Cnr), Campus Universitario Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | | | - Ana Maria Castro
- Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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35
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Protective effects of Acetobacter ghanensis against gliadin toxicity in intestinal epithelial cells with immunoregulatory and gluten-digestive properties. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:605-614. [PMID: 36175797 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to establish whether Acetobacter ghanensis, the probiotic characteristics of which were evaluated previously, attenuates gliadin-induced toxicity in intestinal epithelial cells with gluten-digestive and immunoregulatory properties. METHODS A co-culture model of human intestinal epithelial cell (Caco-2) monolayers on top of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from patients with celiac disease (CD) was established. The gluten-digestive properties of A. ghanensis were determined by checking bacterial growth in a medium containing gluten as the main nitrogen source. The mRNA levels of genes encoding TJ-associated proteins were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The concentrations of IL-6 and TNFα were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We found that PT-gliadin disrupted intestinal barrier integrity by modulating the expression of TJ-associated genes encoding zonulin (increased by ~ 60%), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (decreased by ~ 22%), and occludin (decreased by ~ 28%) in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, PT-gliadin treatment in Caco-2 cells was associated with increased concentrations of IL-6 (~ 1.6-fold) and TNFα (~ twofold) from PBMCs. These modulatory effects of PT-gliadin, however, were suppressed when Caco-2 cells were subjected to A. ghanensis in the presence of PT-gliadin. As a factor underlying these protective effects, we showed that A. ghanensis could digest gluten peptides. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the current study is the first to demonstrate that A. ghanensis improves intestinal barrier functions by attenuating the modulatory effects of PT-gliadin with immunoregulatory and gluten-digestive properties.
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36
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Nie C, Zou Y, Liao S, Gao Q, Li Q. Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of 6,7-Dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene from Chinese Yam Modulating NF-κB/COX-2 Signaling Pathway: The Application of Molecular Docking and Gene Silencing. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040883. [PMID: 36839242 PMCID: PMC9963849 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita) tuber has a significant effect of invigorating the intestine and improving the symptoms of long-term diarrhea according to the records of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Phenanthrene polyphenols from Chinese yam, with higher inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than anti-inflammatory drugs, are an important material basis in alleviating ulcerative colitis via nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/COX-2 pathway, based on our previous research. The present study further explored the target and molecular mechanisms of phenanthrenes' modulation of the NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway by means of molecular docking and gene silencing. Firstly, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression of 6-hydroxy-2,4,7-trimethoxyphenanthrene (PC2)/6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphe-nanthrene (PC4) were compared on TNF-α induced human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Secondly, molecular docking and dynamics simulation were implemented for PC2/PC4 and COX-2. Finally, COX-2 silencing was performed on TNF-α induced Caco-2 cells to confirm the target of PC4 on NF-κB/COX-2 pathway. Lower expression of IL-8 and TNF-α in PC4 treated Caco-2 cells indicated that PC4 had stronger anti-inflammatory activity than PC2. The binding of PC4 and COX-2 was stronger due to the hydrogen bond between hydroxyl group and Tyr385. No significant differences were found in phosphorylation nuclear factor kappa-B inhibitor alpha (pIkBα), phosphorylation NF-κB (pNF-κB) and phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) expression between control and PC4 group after silencing, while these protein expressions significantly decreased in PC4 group without silencing, which confirmed that COX-2 was the important target for PC4 in alleviating ulcerative colitis. These findings indicate that PC4 was supposed to have inhibited NF-κB pathway mediated inflammation via suppression of positive feedback targeting COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyi Nie
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuxiao Zou
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Qunyu Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qian Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13430362787
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Restorative effects of Acetobacter ghanensis on the pathogenicity of gliadin-induced modulation of tight junction-associated gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.7585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: At present, a gluten-free diet is the only efficient way to treat celiac disease (CD). The development of novel approaches to lessen or counteract the pathogenic effects of gluten remains crucial for the treatment of CD. The aim in this investigation was to examine the restorative effects of Acetobacter ghanensis as a novel probiotic against gliadin-induced modulation in the barrier integrity of an intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) model (Caco-2).
Methods: Fully differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers were subjected to enzymatically digested gliadin with a pepsin and trypsin (PT) in the presence or absence of A. ghanensis for 90 min. The relative amounts of zonulin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, and occludin mRNA expression were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was evaluated to monitor the barrier integrity of cell monolayers. Statistical analyses were carried out using one- or two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc analysis for multiple pairwise comparisons.
Results: A significant upregulation (4.7-fold) of zonulin was noted in the PT-gliadin treated Caco-2 cells in comparison with the untreated controls (P<0.001). Conversely, gliadin-induced zonulin expression was markedly downregulated in the Caco-2 cells following exposure to A. ghanensis in the presence of PT-gliadin (P<0.001). Furthermore, prominent decreases in the mRNA expression levels of ZO-1 (45%) and occludin (40%) were seen in the PT-gliadin exposed Caco-2 cells compared to the untreated control cells (P<0.001). PT-gliadin in the Caco-2 cells did not significantly alter the mRNA levels of claudin-1 (P=0.172). Similarly to zonulin expression, the decreasing effect of PT-gliadin on ZO-1 was completely attenuated in the PT-gliadin-administrated Caco-2 cells following exposure to A. ghanensis (P<0.001).
Conclusion: A. ghanensis restored the pathogenicity of PT-gliadin on intestinal barrier integrity.
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Parrón-Ballesteros J, Gordo RG, López-Rodríguez JC, Olmo N, Villalba M, Batanero E, Turnay J. Beyond allergic progression: From molecules to microbes as barrier modulators in the gut-lung axis functionality. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1093800. [PMID: 36793545 PMCID: PMC9923236 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1093800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The "epithelial barrier hypothesis" states that a barrier dysfunction can result in allergy development due to tolerance breakdown. This barrier alteration may come from the direct contact of epithelial and immune cells with the allergens, and indirectly, through deleterious effects caused by environmental changes triggered by industrialization, pollution, and changes in the lifestyle. Apart from their protective role, epithelial cells can respond to external factors secreting IL-25 IL-33, and TSLP, provoking the activation of ILC2 cells and a Th2-biased response. Several environmental agents that influence epithelial barrier function, such as allergenic proteases, food additives or certain xenobiotics are reviewed in this paper. In addition, dietary factors that influence the allergenic response in a positive or negative way will be also described here. Finally, we discuss how the gut microbiota, its composition, and microbe-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, alter not only the gut but also the integrity of distant epithelial barriers, focusing this review on the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Parrón-Ballesteros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén García Gordo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos López-Rodríguez
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nieves Olmo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Batanero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Turnay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Correspondence: Javier Turnay
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Tomer R, Patiyal S, Dhall A, Raghava GPS. Prediction of celiac disease associated epitopes and motifs in a protein. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1056101. [PMID: 36742312 PMCID: PMC9893285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1056101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune gastrointestinal disorder causes immune-mediated enteropathy against gluten. Gluten immunogenic peptides have the potential to trigger immune responses which leads to damage the small intestine. HLA-DQ2/DQ8 are major alleles that bind to epitope/antigenic region of gluten and induce celiac disease. There is a need to identify CD associated epitopes in protein-based foods and therapeutics. Methods In this study, computational tools have been developed to predict CD associated epitopes and motifs. Dataset used for training, testing and evaluation contain experimentally validated CD associated and non-CD associate peptides. We perform positional analysis to identify the most significant position of an amino acid residue in the peptide and checked the frequency of HLA alleles. We also compute amino acid composition to develop machine learning based models. We also developed ensemble method that combines motif-based approach and machine learning based models. Results and Discussion Our analysis support existing hypothesis that proline (P) and glutamine (Q) are highly abundant in CD associated peptides. A model based on density of P&Q in peptides has been developed for predicting CD associated peptides which achieve maximum AUROC 0.98 on independent data. We discovered motifs (e.g., QPF, QPQ, PYP) which occurs specifically in CD associated peptides. We also developed machine learning based models using peptide composition and achieved maximum AUROC 0.99. Finally, we developed ensemble method that combines motif-based approach and machine learning based models. The ensemble model-predict CD associated motifs with 100% accuracy on an independent dataset, not used for training. Finally, the best models and motifs has been integrated in a web server and standalone software package "CDpred". We hope this server anticipate the scientific community for the prediction, designing and scanning of CD associated peptides as well as CD associated motifs in a protein/peptide sequence (https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/cdpred/).
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Ballegaard ASR, Bøgh KL. Intestinal protein uptake and IgE-mediated food allergy. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112150. [PMID: 36596102 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is affecting 5-8% of young children and 2-4% of adults and seems to be increasing in prevalence. The cause of the increase in food allergy is largely unknown but proposed to be influenced by both environmental and lifestyle factors. Changes in intestinal barrier functions and increased uptake of dietary proteins have been suggested to have a great impact on food allergy. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the gastrointestinal digestion and intestinal barrier function and provide a more detailed description of intestinal protein uptake, including the various routes of epithelial transport, how it may be affected by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and the relation to food allergy. Further, we give an overview of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo techniques available for evaluation of intestinal protein uptake and gut permeability in general. Proteins are digested by gastric, pancreatic and integral brush border enzymes in order to allow for sufficient nutritional uptake. Absorption and transport of dietary proteins across the epithelial layer is known to be dependent on the physicochemical properties of the proteins and their digestion fragments themselves, such as size, solubility and aggregation status. It is believed, that the greater an amount of intact protein or larger peptide fragments that is transported through the epithelial layer, and thus encountered by the mucosal immune system in the gut, the greater is the risk of inducing an adverse allergic response. Proteins may be absorbed across the epithelial barrier by means of various mechanisms, and studies have shown that a transcellular facilitated transport route unique for food allergic individuals are at play for transport of allergens, and that upon mediator release from mast cells an enhanced allergen transport via the paracellular route occurs. This is in contrast to healthy individuals where transcytosis through the enterocytes is the main route of protein uptake. Thus, knowledge on factors affecting intestinal barrier functions and methods for the determination of their impact on protein uptake may be useful in future allergenicity assessments and for development of future preventive and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrine Lindholm Bøgh
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Gluten-Free Diet in Co-Existent Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Is It Detrimental or Beneficial to Glycemic Control, Vascular Complications, and Quality of Life? Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010199. [PMID: 36615856 PMCID: PMC9824312 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and both have the same genetic background. Most patients with T1DM who develop CeD are either asymptomatic or have mild CeD-related gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, children affected by T1DM should undergo screening for asymptomatic CeD. The aim of this review is to highlight the influence of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on glycemic control, growth rate, microvascular complications, and quality of life in patients with T1DM and CeD. PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central databases were searched. Reports reviewed were those published from 1969 to 2022 that focused on the interplay of T1DM and CeD and examined the effect of diet on glycemic control, growth rate, and quality of life. The most challenging aspect for a child with T1DM and CeD is that most GFD foods have a high glycemic index, while low glycemic index foods are recommended for T1DM. Interestingly, dietary therapy for CeD could improve the elevated HbA1c levels. Avoiding gluten added to a diabetic dietary regimen in T1DM patients might impose practical limitations and lead to important restrictions in the lifestyle of a young patient. Consequently, non-adherence to GFD in patients with T1DM and CeD is common. GFD in patients with T1DM and CeD seems to lower the incidence of micro- and macrovascular complications, but this requires further investigation. It seems that adherence to GFD in young patients with T1DM and CeD leads to regular growth and a stable body mass index without any negative effect on HbA1c or insulin requirements. Furthermore, the lipid profile and quality of life seem to have improved with the introduction of GFD.
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Piazza S, Colombo F, Bani C, Fumagalli M, Vincentini O, Sangiovanni E, Martinelli G, Biella S, Silano M, Restani P, Dell’Agli M, Di Lorenzo C. Evaluation of the Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Black Rice in the Framework of Celiac Disease. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010063. [PMID: 36613279 PMCID: PMC9818972 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are two mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). Since the direct effect of gliadin on the intestinal epithelia is less studied, the aims of this study were the development of a specific cellular model based on the use of gliadin as a pro-inflammatory stimulus and the evaluation of the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts from different black rice in the framework of CD. The rice extracts were in vitro digested, characterized in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, and tested on Caco-2 cells to investigate their inhibitory effect on Reactive Oxygen Species, the NF-κB transcription and the CXC chemokines (sICAM-1, IL-8, and CXCL-10). In addition, the role of the extracts in modulating the activation of epithelial cells in CD was confirmed by applying the K562(S) agglutination test. The black rice extracts showed inhibitory effects on the production of the oxidative and the inflammatory mediators considered, with particular reference to lymphocyte-attracting CXCL-10 both before and after digestion. The presence of anthocyanins and their digestion metabolites may account for the observed anti-inflammatory activity after in vitro digestion. This work provided preliminary data supporting the use of black rice as a healthy food or ingredient of food supplements for celiacs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Corinne Bani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Olimpia Vincentini
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Biella
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Silano
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Restani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Coordinating Research Center (CRC) “Innovation for Well-Being and Environment”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50318371
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Evaluation of Gluten Exclusion for the Improvement of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245396. [PMID: 36558555 PMCID: PMC9783934 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently a growing anti-gluten trend which, except for individuals with coeliac disease and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) for whom its intake is contraindicated, results in gluten (the main protein in wheat and other cereals) being considered harmful to health and excluded from diets, largely due to information distributed through social networks. However, in many cases the recommendation to exclude gluten from the diet goes beyond personal choice and is promoted by health professionals. This choice and/or recommendation is especially important to individuals with chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), for which this exclusion is justified to reduce the symptoms of the disease. The aim of this literature review is to assess whether there is scientific evidence to justify the elimination of gluten in patients with RA, neither coeliac nor with NCGS, to improve their symptoms and quality of life. The results of the search on gluten and RA carried out in the Embase database and the extraction of data from 16 articles included in the review are presented. No scientific evidence was found to recommend the exclusion of gluten in patients with RA.
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Narula N, Wong ECL, Moayyedi P, Reinisch W, Marshall JK. Pilot study of an elimination diet in adults with mild to moderate Crohn's disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 34:1210-1219. [PMID: 36165053 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There remains limited data supporting the efficacy of dietary therapy in adults with Crohn's disease (CD). This was a pilot study of the McMaster Elimination diet for CD (MED-CD), which excludes several potentially detrimental ingredients commonly found in the Western diet. METHODS Prospective study in adults with mild-moderately active CD [Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) scores 5-16] and endoscopic disease activity of >7 (or ≥4 for isolated ileal disease) as measured by the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD). Patients were treated for 2 weeks using oral enteral nutrition (EN). Those with symptomatic improvement (HBI score reduction ≥2) were transitioned to the MED-CD for 12 weeks. Outcomes of interest included satisfactory adherence (≥20 on the modified medical adherence report scale-5 questionnaire), clinical remission (CR) (HBI ≤4), clinical response (HBI reduction ≥3), endoscopic response (SES-CD reduction ≥50%), and endoscopic remission (ER) (SES-CD <3). RESULTS A total of 17 patients were treated with 2 weeks of EN. Of these, 13 were deemed responders and treated with 12 weeks of MED-CD. Satisfactory adherence was reported among 11/13 (84.6%) at week 6 and 8/12 (67%) at week 14. Of the 13 patients who responded to EN by week 2, 5 (38.5%) had attained CR at week 2 and maintained CR until week 14 using MED-CD. Endoscopic response was observed in 6 (46.2%) participants and ER was seen in 2 (15.4%). CONCLUSIONS Two weeks of oral EN followed by 12 weeks of the MED-CD was acceptable by most adult patients who enroled in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Narula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Emily C L Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Reinisch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, Austria
| | - John K Marshall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Jendraszak M, Gałęcka M, Kotwicka M, Schwiertz A, Regdos A, Pazgrat-Patan M, Andrusiewicz M. Impact of Biometric Patient Data, Probiotic Supplementation, and Selected Gut Microorganisms on Calprotectin, Zonulin, and sIgA Concentrations in the Stool of Adults Aged 18-74 Years. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121781. [PMID: 36551209 PMCID: PMC9775524 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations to the intestinal barrier may be involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases. The diagnosis of mucosal barrier disruption has become a new therapeutic target for disease prevention. The aim of this study was to determine whether various patient demographic and biometric data, often not included in diagnostic analyses, may affect calprotectin, zonulin, and sIgA biomarker values. Stool markers' levels in 160 samples were measured colorimetrically. The analysis of twenty key bacteria (15 genera and 5 species) was carried out on the basis of diagnostic tests, including cultures and molecular tests. The concentrations of selected markers were within reference ranges for most patients. The sIgA level was significantly lower in participants declaring probiotics supplementation (p = 0.0464). We did not observe differences in gastrointestinal discomfort in participants. We found significant differences in the sIgA level between the 29-55 years and >55 years age-related intervals groups (p = 0.0191), together with a significant decreasing trend (p = 0.0337) in age-dependent sIgA concentration. We observed complex interdependencies and relationships between their microbiota and the analyzed biomarkers. For correct clinical application, standardized values of calprotectin and sIgA should be determined, especially in elderly patients. We observed a correlation between the composition of the gut community and biomarker levels, although it requires further in-depth analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jendraszak
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Małgorzata Kotwicka
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Mirosław Andrusiewicz
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (M.A.)
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Nature-Derived Compounds as Potential Bioactive Leads against CDK9-Induced Cancer: Computational and Network Pharmacology Approaches. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the maintenance of cell development, gene transcription, and other essential biological operations, CDK blockers have been generated to manage a variety of disorders resulting from CDK irregularities. Furthermore, CDK9 has a crucial role in transcription by regulating short-lived anti-apoptotic genes necessary for cancer cell persistence. Addressing CDK9 with blockers has consequently emerged as a promising treatment for cancer. This study scrutinizes the effectiveness of nature-derived compounds (geniposidic acid, quercetin, geniposide, curcumin, and withanolide C) against CDK9 through computational approaches. A molecular docking study was performed after preparing the protein and the ligands. The selected blockers of the CDK9 exerted reliable binding affinities (−8.114 kcal/mol to −13.908 kcal/mol) against the selected protein, resulting in promising candidates compared to the co-crystallized ligand (LCI). The binding affinity of geniposidic acid (−13.908 kcal/mol) to CDK9 is higher than quercetin (−10.775 kcal/mol), geniposide (−9.969 kcal/mol), curcumin (−9.898 kcal/mol), withanolide C (−8.114 kcal/mol), and the co-crystallized ligand LCI (−11.425 kcal/mol). Therefore, geniposidic acid is a promising inhibitor of CDK9. Moreover, the molecular dynamics studies assessed the structure–function relationships and protein–ligand interactions. The network pharmacology study for the selected ligands demonstrated the auspicious compound–target–pathway signaling pathways vital in developing tumor, tumor cell growth, differentiation, and promoting tumor cell progression. Moreover, this study concluded by analyzing the computational approaches the natural-derived compounds that have potential interacting activities against CDK9 and, therefore, can be considered promising candidates for CKD9-induced cancer. To substantiate this study’s outcomes, in vivo research is recommended.
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Abril AG, Villa TG, Sánchez-Pérez Á, Notario V, Carrera M. The Role of the Gallbladder, the Intestinal Barrier and the Gut Microbiota in the Development of Food Allergies and Other Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214333. [PMID: 36430811 PMCID: PMC9696009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota present in the gastrointestinal tract is involved in the development or prevention of food allergies and autoimmune disorders; these bacteria can enter the gallbladder and, depending on the species involved, can either be benign or cause significant diseases. Occlusion of the gallbladder, usually due to the presence of calculi blocking the bile duct, facilitates microbial infection and inflammation, which can be serious enough to require life-saving surgery. In addition, the biliary salts are secreted into the intestine and can affect the gut microbiota. The interaction between the gut microbiota, pathogenic organisms, and the human immune system can create intestinal dysbiosis, generating a variety of syndromes including the development of food allergies and autoimmune disorders. The intestinal microbiota can aggravate certain food allergies, which become severe when the integrity of the intestinal barrier is affected, allowing bacteria, or their metabolites, to cross the intestinal barrier and invade the bloodstream, affecting distal body organs. This article deals with health conditions and severe diseases that are either influenced by the gut flora or caused by gallbladder obstruction and inflammation, as well as putative treatments for those illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Abril
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomás G. Villa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángeles Sánchez-Pérez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Vicente Notario
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Marine Research Institute, 36208 Vigo, Spain
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Niewiem M, Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk U. Assessment of Selected Intestinal Permeability Markers in Children with Food Allergy Depending on the Type and Severity of Clinical Symptoms. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204385. [PMID: 36297068 PMCID: PMC9608842 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Food allergy (FA) has a broad range of symptoms, and clinical manifestations may concern several reactions from one system or organ. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess intestinal permeability (IP) based on the analysis of serum zonulin and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) levels in children with FA, taking into account the pathomechanism of immune reaction, clinical symptoms of FA and their severity. Material and methods: The study comprised 103 patients aged 7–60 months (median 34); 49 children with IgE-mediated allergy and 25 children with non-IgE-mediated allergy; the reference group comprised 29 children with functional gastrointestinal disorders. IP markers were determined using ELISA. Results: There was no correlation between the severity of clinical symptoms and the level of IP markers in children with FA. Zonulin and LPS levels were significantly higher in children with FA and gastrointestinal symptoms. Zonulin levels in the subgroup of children with non-IgE-mediated FA and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher than in the subgroup of children with IgE-mediated FA and these symptoms. The level of LPS was significantly higher in the subgroup with IgE-mediated FA and atopic dermatitis. Conclusions: Zonulin and LPS levels were significantly higher in children with FA compared to children from the reference group. Zonulin levels were significantly higher in children with non-IgE-mediated FA than in children with IgE-mediated FA.
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Hua L, Xiang S, Xu R, Xu X, Liu T, Shi Y, Wu L, Wang R, Sun Q. Causal association between rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease: A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2022; 13:976579. [PMID: 36330450 PMCID: PMC9623103 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.976579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has been associated with Celiac Disease (CD) in previous observational epidemiological studies. However, evidence for this association is limited and inconsistent, and it remains uncertain whether the association is causal or due to confounding or reverse causality. This study aimed to assess the bidirectional causal relationship between RA and CD. Methods: In this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, instrumental variables (IVs) for RA were derived from a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analysis including 58,284 subjects. Summary statistics for CD originated from a GWAS meta-analysis with 15,283 subjects. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis. Four complementary methods were applied, including the weighted-median, weighted mode, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test and MR-Egger regression, to strengthen the effect estimates. Results: Positive causal effects of genetically increased RA risk on CD were derived [IVW odds ratio (OR): 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19-1.79, p = 3.21E-04]. The results of reverse MR analysis demonstrated no significant causal effect of CD on RA (IVW OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.91-1.21, p = 0.499). According to the sensitivity analysis, horizontal pleiotropy was unlikely to distort the causal estimates. Conclusion: This study reveals a causality of RA on CD but not CD on RA among patients of European descent. This outcome suggests that the features and indicators of CD should regularly be assessed for RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiangshan Hua
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shate Xiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rixiang Xu
- School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Shi
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingyun Wu
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongyun Wang
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuhua Sun
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Inchinkoto, the Traditional Japanese Kampo Medicine, Enhances Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4139812. [PMID: 36212959 PMCID: PMC9536930 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4139812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inchinkoto (ICKT), a traditional herbal medicine that is often used as a hepatoprotective drug in Japan, has pharmacological properties that include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and choleretic actions. Genipin is a metabolite of geniposide and the most abundant ingredient of ICKT; furthermore, it is considered to be the active substance responsible for its pharmacological properties in the liver. Drugs with such pharmacological characteristics are expected to prevent intestinal barrier dysfunction, which causes inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, no studies have investigated the effects of ICKT on the intestinal epithelial barrier. Therefore, we investigated the activity of ICKT in intestinal tight junctions by using cultured Caco-2 cell monolayers. The action of the compound on tight junctions was examined by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and sodium fluorescein (Na-F) permeability in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, the expression of the tight junction protein claudin-1 was assessed by using immunofluorescent staining. ICKT and genipin increased TEER and decreased Na-F permeability, which was suggestive of enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier function. Moreover, they prevented the LPS-induced destruction of the barrier, i.e., a decrease in TEER and an increase in Na-F permeability. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a high claudin-1 expression level on the cell surface, whereas exposure to LPS downregulated claudin-1. In turn, ICKT and genipin prevented the LPS-mediated reduction of claudin-1. These results suggest that ICKT enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function by upregulating claudin-1. Furthermore, genipin contributed to these effects. ICKT may be a promising medicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with intestinal barrier disruption, such as IBD, obesity, and metabolic disorders.
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