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Akin B, Akgul B, Tasdurmazli S, Abamor ES, Ozbek T, Ozcelik B, Su E, Ozmen MM. Tannic Acid Incorporated Antibacterial Polyethylene Glycol Based Hydrogel Sponges for Management of Wound Infections. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2400101. [PMID: 38748813 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Conventional wound dressings fail to provide features that can assist the healing process of chronic wounds. Multifunctional wound dressings address this issue by incorporating attributes including antibacterial and antioxidant activity, and the ability to enhance wound healing. Herein, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based antibacterial hydrogel sponge dressings are prepared by a rapid and facile gas foaming method based on an acid chloride/alcohol reaction where tannic acid (TA) is included as a reactant to impart antibacterial efficacy as well as to enhance the mechanical properties of the samples. The results reveal that the TA-integrated sponges possess excellent antibacterial properties against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with approximately 6-8 log reduction in the microbial colony count after 6 h, indicating their high potential for management of infection-prone wounds. Compared to the control sample, TA incorporation increases the elastic modulus by twofold. As the samples also exhibit biocompatibility, antioxidant activity, and wound healing capacity, the novel TA-incorporated hydrogels can be an alternative to traditional wound dressings for wounds with low-to-moderate exudate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Akin
- Yildiz Technical University, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, 34220, Turkiye
| | - Busra Akgul
- Yildiz Technical University, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, 34220, Turkiye
| | - Semra Tasdurmazli
- Yildiz Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, 34220, Turkiye
| | - Emrah Sefik Abamor
- Yildiz Technical University, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, 34220, Turkiye
| | - Tulin Ozbek
- Yildiz Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, 34220, Turkiye
| | - Berkay Ozcelik
- University of Melbourne, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Polymer Science Group, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Esra Su
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Aquatic Biotechnology, Fatih, Istanbul, 34134, Turkiye
| | - Mehmet Murat Ozmen
- Yildiz Technical University, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, 34220, Turkiye
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2
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Privar Y, Skatova A, Maiorova M, Golikov A, Boroda A, Bratskaya S. Tuning Mechanical Properties, Swelling, and Enzymatic Degradation of Chitosan Cryogels Using Diglycidyl Ethers of Glycols with Different Chain Length as Cross-Linkers. Gels 2024; 10:483. [PMID: 39057506 PMCID: PMC11276332 DOI: 10.3390/gels10070483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cross-linking chitosan at room and subzero temperature using a series of diglycidyl ethers of glycols (DEs)-ethylene glycol (EGDE), 1,4-butanediol (BDDE), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGDE) has been investigated to demonstrate that DEs can be a more powerful alternative to glutaraldehyde (GA) for fabrication of biocompatible chitosan cryogels with tunable properties. Gelation of chitosan with DEs was significantly slower than with GA, allowing formation of cryogels with larger pores and higher permeability, more suitable for flow-through applications and cell culturing. Increased hydration of the cross-links with increased DE chain length weakened intermolecular hydrogen bonding in chitosan and improved cryogel elasticity. At high cross-linking ratios (DE:chitosan 1:4), the toughness and compressive strength of the cryogels decreased in the order EGDE > BDDE > PEGDE. By varying the DE chain length and concentration, permeable chitosan cryogels with elasticity moduli from 10.4 ± 0.8 to 41 ± 3 kPa, toughness from 2.68 ± 0.5 to 8.3 ± 0.1 kJ/m3, and compressive strength at 75% strain from 11 ± 2 to 33 ± 4 kPa were fabricated. Susceptibility of cryogels to enzymatic hydrolysis was identified as the parameter most sensitive to cross-linking conditions. Weight loss of cryogels increased with increased DE chain length, and degradation rate of PEGDE-cross-linked chitosan decreased 612-fold, when the cross-linker concentration increased 20-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Privar
- Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anna Skatova
- Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Mariya Maiorova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 17, Palchevskogo Street, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexey Golikov
- Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Andrey Boroda
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 17, Palchevskogo Street, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Svetlana Bratskaya
- Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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Daskalakis E, Huang B, Hassan MH, Omar AM, Vyas C, Acar AA, Fallah A, Cooper G, Weightman A, Blunn G, Koç B, Bartolo P. In Vitro Evaluation of Pore Size Graded Bone Scaffolds with Different Material Composition. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:e718-e730. [PMID: 38689909 PMCID: PMC11057695 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The demand for biomimetic and biocompatible scaffolds in equivalence of structure and material composition for the regeneration of bone tissue is relevantly high. This article is investigating a novel three-dimensional (3D) printed porous structure called bone bricks with a gradient pore size mimicking the structure of the bone tissue. Poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) combined with ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and bioglass 45S5 were successfully mixed using a melt blending method and fabricated with the use of screw-assisted extrusion-based additive manufacturing system. Bone bricks containing the same material concentration (20 wt%) were biologically characterized through proliferation and differentiation tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of cells on the surface of bone bricks, whereas energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was used to investigate the element composition on the surface of the bone bricks. Confocal imaging was used to investigate the number of differentiated cells on the surface of bone bricks. Proliferation results showed that bone bricks containing PCL/HA content are presenting higher proliferation properties, whereas differentiation results showed that bone bricks containing PCL/Bioglass 45S5 are presenting higher differentiation properties. Confocal imaging results showed that bone bricks containing PCL/Bioglass 45S5 are presenting a higher number of differentiated cells on their surface compared with the other material contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Daskalakis
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Boyang Huang
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohamed H. Hassan
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abdalla M. Omar
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cian Vyas
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anil A. Acar
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Fallah
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Glen Cooper
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Weightman
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Bahattin Koç
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Ciptawati E, Takase H, Watanabe NM, Okamoto Y, Nur H, Umakoshi H. Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable Sponge-like Cryogel Particles of Chitosan via the Inverse Leidenfrost (iLF) Effect. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2383-2390. [PMID: 38250365 PMCID: PMC10795030 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan-based cryogel particles were synthesized using the inverse Leidenfrost (iLF) effect, with glutaraldehyde employed as the cross-linker. The resulting cryogels exhibited a sponge-like morphology with micrometer-sized interconnected pores and demonstrated resilience, withstanding up to three compression-release cycles. These characteristics highlight the potential of chitosan cryogels for diverse applications, including adsorption and biomedical uses. We further investigated the influence of varying acetic acid concentrations on the properties of the chitosan cryogels. Our findings revealed that the particle size distribution of the cryogels ranged from 1300 to 2900 μm. As the concentration of acetic acid increased, the swelling degree of the chitosan cryogels decreased, stabilizing at an approximate value of around 6 at 0.03 mol of acetic acid. Additionally, the shift in the absorption peak of the OH and free amino groups from 3261 to 3404 cm-1 confirmed the cross-linking reaction between chitosan and glutaraldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endang Ciptawati
- Division
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Hayato Takase
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Nozomi Morishita Watanabe
- Division
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Okamoto
- Division
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hadi Nur
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Division
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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5
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Cao L, Huang Y, Parakhonskiy B, Skirtach AG. Nanoarchitectonics beyond perfect order - not quite perfect but quite useful. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15964-16002. [PMID: 36278502 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02537j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoarchitectonics, like architectonics, allows the design and building of structures, but at the nanoscale. Unlike those in architectonics, and even macro-, micro-, and atomic-scale architectonics, the assembled structures at the nanoscale do not always follow the projected design. In fact, they do follow the projected design but only for self-assembly processes producing structures with perfect order. Here, we look at nanoarchitectonics allowing the building of nanostructures without a perfect arrangement of building blocks. Here, fabrication of structures from molecules, polymers, nanoparticles, and nanosheets to polymer brushes, layer-by-layer assembly structures, and hydrogels through self-assembly processes is discussed, where perfect order is not necessarily the aim to be achieved. Both planar substrate and spherical template-based assemblies are discussed, showing the challenging nature of research in this field and the usefulness of such structures for numerous applications, which are also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yanqi Huang
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bogdan Parakhonskiy
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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6
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Akin B, Ozmen MM. Antimicrobial cryogel dressings towards effective wound healing. Prog Biomater 2022; 11:331-346. [PMID: 36123436 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-022-00202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogels are macroporous hydrogels that have been widely utilized in a variety of biomedical applications including wound dressings. Cryogels reveal superior mechanical and swelling properties as well as large and interconnected porosity. As traditional hydrogel wound dressings generally show undesirable mechanical and swelling characteristics, cryogels, due to their toughness and superfast swelling, offer an outstanding platform to address the growing number of various types of wounds. Moreover, recently, cryogel wound dressings loaded with an antimicrobial agent emerged as a feasible option to reduce infection, and thus improve the wound healing process. However, a comprehensive review of antimicrobial cryogels as a wound dressing is still lacking in the literature. In this review, we summarize the progress of cryogels in the area of wound dressings and provide an overview of the various polymers, namely, natural and synthetic which have been employed in cryogel wound dressing preparation. Furthermore, the most prominent antimicrobial agents incorporated in cryogel wound dressings are provided. Finally, the future directions of cryogel wound dressings for wound healing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Akin
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Murat Ozmen
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey.
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7
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Lv Y, Chen X, Zhang P, Zhou S, Li J, Bai R, Wang L. Hydrophilic shape memory polymer hydrogels with virous pore structures and shape changing performance. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lv
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Peicong Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Li
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission Chongqing University Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
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8
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Nanoarchitectonics: Porous Hydrogel as Bio-sorbent for Effective Remediation of Hazardous Contaminants. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Gao C, Wang Y, Shi J, Wang Y, Huang X, Chen X, Chen Z, Xie Y, Yang Y. Superamphiphilic Chitosan Cryogels for Continuous Flow Separation of Oil-In-Water Emulsions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5937-5945. [PMID: 35224354 PMCID: PMC8867482 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a typical hydrophilic biomass building block widely used in material science and engineering. However, its intrinsic amphiphilicity has been seldom noted so far. Herein, a series of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan cryogels with superamphiphilicity are fabricated at moderately frozen conditions through a freezing-thawing process. The micron-sized porous cryogel samples display a 0° contact angle toward both water and oil, 0° water contact angle under oil, and over 120° oil contact angle underwater. By comparing the wetting behavior of the tablet compressed by pure chitosan powders, the superamphiphilicity of the chitosan sample is proven to be independent on crosslinkers. This special wettability endows the chitosan cryogels with high separation efficiency for various surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions under continuous flow mode driven by gravity as well as a peristaltic pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpo Gao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong
University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic
of China
- Shandong
Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group CO. Ltd, Jinan 250103, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jiasheng Shi
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xilu Chen
- Shandong
Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group CO. Ltd, Jinan 250103, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yunfeng Xie
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, Nutrition
& Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing 102209, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong
University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic
of China
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10
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Highly Effective Covalently Crosslinked Composite Alginate Cryogels for Cationic Dye Removal. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040178. [PMID: 34698202 PMCID: PMC8544462 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, macroporous hydrogels have been receiving attention in wastewater treatment due to their unique structures. As a natural polymer, alginate is used to remove cationic dyes due to its sustainable features such as abundance, low cost, processability, and being environmentally friendly. Herein, alginate/montmorillonite composite macroporous hydrogels (cryogels) with high porosity, mechanical elasticity, and high adsorption yield for methylene blue (MB) were generated by the one-step cryogelation technique. These cryogels were synthesized by adding montmorillonite into gel precursor, followed by chemical cross-linking employing carbodiimide chemistry in a frozen state. The as-prepared adsorbents were analyzed by FT-IR, SEM, gel fraction, swelling, uniaxial compression, and MB adsorption tests. The results indicated that alginate/montmorillonite cryogels exhibited high gelation yield (up to 80%), colossal water uptake capacity, elasticity, and effective dye adsorption capacity (93.7%). Maximum adsorption capacity against MB was 559.94 mg g-1 by linear regression of Langmuir model onto experimental data. The Pseudo-Second-Order model was fitted better onto kinetic data compared to the Pseudo-First-Order model. Improved porosity and mechanical elasticity yielding enhanced dye removal capacity make them highly potential alternative adsorbents compared to available alginate/montmorillonite materials for MB removal.
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11
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Jones LO, Williams L, Boam T, Kalmet M, Oguike C, Hatton FL. Cryogels: recent applications in 3D-bioprinting, injectable cryogels, drug delivery, and wound healing. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2553-2569. [PMID: 34760024 PMCID: PMC8551881 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogels are macroporous polymeric structures formed from the cryogelation of monomers/polymers in a solvent below freezing temperature. Due to their inherent interconnected macroporosity, ease of preparation, and biocompatibility, they are increasingly being investigated for use in biomedical applications such as 3D-bioprinting, drug delivery, wound healing, and as injectable therapeutics. This review highlights the fundamentals of macroporous cryogel preparation, cryogel properties that can be useful in the highlighted biomedical applications, followed by a comprehensive review of recent studies in these areas. Research evaluated includes the use of cryogels to combat various types of cancer, for implantation without surgical incision, and use as highly effective wound dressings. Furthermore, conclusions and outlooks are discussed for the use of these promising and durable macroporous cryogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke O Jones
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Leah Williams
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Tasmin Boam
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Martin Kalmet
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Chidubem Oguike
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Fiona L Hatton
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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12
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Dragan ES, Dinu MV. Advances in porous chitosan-based composite hydrogels: Synthesis and applications. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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