1
|
Whitton SW, Devlin EA, Lawlace M, Newcomb ME. Disclosure and Help-Seeking Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: A Mixed-Methods Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:1373-1397. [PMID: 37882155 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231207618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minorities assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) experience high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV), with negative effects on health and well-being. Disclosure of and help-seeking for IPV can support the well-being of IPV survivors, yet are understudied among SGM-AFAB people. To better understand the IPV disclosure and help-seeking experiences in this population, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 41 SGM-AFAB young adults who experienced physical, sexual, or severe psychological IPV. Qualitative analyses explored to whom SGM-AFAB disclosed IPV, barriers to disclosure/help-seeking, the types of responses received, and perceived helpfulness of responses. Exploratory mixed methods analyses assessed frequency of code endorsement, demographic differences, and associations among codes. Three-quarters of participants disclosed IPV, though rates were lower for sexual and physical than psychological IPV and very few sought help from formal sources. The most common barriers to disclosure were not viewing the IPV as abuse and anticipation of negative responses, often due to stigma; other participants described inability to access formal help and concerns about SGM incompetence in those services. Most actual responses received were considered helpful, including emotional support, labeling the IPV as unhealthy, nonjudgmental listening, actions to stop the IPV, and practical support. Minimizing IPV or criticizing the victim was common unhelpful response; advice to end the relationship was considered helpful and unhelpful. Whereas 92% of friend responses were described as helpful, around half of family (56%) and therapist (62%) responses were helpful. Findings suggest that efforts to increase access to culturally affirmative services and educate SGM youth to recognize IPV in their relationships may help promote help-seeking and well-being among SGM-AFAB IPV survivors.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ricks JM, Montgomery CM, Nash JA. Measurement of Adolescent Dating Violence in Sexual Minority Youth: A Scoping Review. AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR 2023; 73:101870. [PMID: 37587915 PMCID: PMC10426751 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2023.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Effectively addressing adolescent dating violence rests on the quality of its measurement, as that has substantial implications for our understanding of prevalence, correlates, outcomes. Although dating violence is highly prevalent among sexual minority youth, the state of measurement in this population has scarcely been explored. This scoping review presents information on the measurement of adolescent dating violence in exiting studies conducted with sexual minority youth. Three databases were searched, and the ancestry approach was used to identify relevant literature published in the United States between 1992-2022 that included sexual minority adolescents aged 19 years or younger. Twenty-one articles were identified. Five enrolled entirely sexual minority samples. Sexual minority distribution ranged from 2.1%-100%. All studies operationalized sexual identity as an orientation (not sexual behavior, attraction). Nineteen studies focused on measuring dating violence behavior. Twelve reported on female and male victimization, 4 on female and male perpetration and victimization, 2 on female perpetration and victimization, and 2 on female victimization-only. Most commonly used items were from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (11 studies) and the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (3 studies). Two studies assessed knowledge of and attitudes toward dating violence. Domains explored included rape myth acceptance, victim empathy, bystander opportunity, and dating abuse knowledge. Only two scales had undergone previous systematic psychometric evaluation. There was no evidence of cross-cultural validation in sexual minority populations. Rigorous research on adolescent dating violence measurement among sexual minority youth is greatly needed and should be given priority among researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JaNelle M. Ricks
- Ohio State University College of Public Health, Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus OH 43210, United States
| | - Courtni M. Montgomery
- Ohio State University College of Public Health, Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus OH 43210, United States
| | - Jimmy A. Nash
- Ohio State University College of Public Health, Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, 1841 Neil Ave, Columbus OH 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stephenson R, Darbes LA, Rosso MT, Washington C, Hightow-Weidman L, Sullivan P, Gamarel KE. Perceptions of Contexts of Intimate Partner Violence Among Young, Partnered Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP12881-NP12900. [PMID: 33729057 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growth in research illustrating that gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at rates that are comparable to those among heterosexual women. However, the majority of research on IPV among same-sex male couples has focused on adults, and research on the experience of IPV among younger men (those aged under 18), remains at a nascent stage, despite knowledge that IPV is often common among younger men. This article adds to the growing body of literature on IPV among young GBMSM (YGBMSM) through of an analysis of qualitative data from in-depth interviews (IDI) with GBMSM aged 15-19 (n = 30) in romantic relationships partnerships. The study sought to explore issues of relationship development, relationship contexts, and understandings of IPV. More than one-half of the sample reported experiencing some form of IPV in their current or past relationships. Participants described a range of experiences of IPV, including physical IPV, emotional IPV, sexual IPV, and controlling behaviors. Emotional IPV in the form of negative comments and controlling behaviors such as jealousy were the most commonly reported forms of violence behaviors. Although few participants reported experiencing physical or sexual IPV, several discussed concerns about giving, and partners' acknowledging, sexual consent. Antecedents to IPV included wanting or feeling pressured to participate in normative development milestones, short-lived relationships, and societal stigma. Interventions that develop content on IPV and that reflect the lived realities of YGBMSM who are experiencing their first relationships are urgently needed. Study findings also support the need for training teachers, health care providers, and parents to identify signs of IPV and provide them with the knowledge and skills to talk to YGBMSM about relationships and violence to reduce IPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Sullivan
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Scheer JR, Mereish EH. Intimate Partner Violence and Illicit Substance Use Among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth: The Protective Role of Cognitive Reappraisal. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:9956-9976. [PMID: 31608738 PMCID: PMC7153976 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519881001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) disproportionately experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and report illicit substance use compared with cisgender heterosexual youth. Cognitive reappraisal strategies have been shown to decrease trauma-exposed individuals' likelihood of engaging in substance use. However, virtually no research has examined the relationship between various forms of IPV, including identity abuse, and illicit substance use, as well as the protective role of cognitive reappraisal among IPV-exposed SGMY. The current study addressed these limitations and examined cognitive reappraisal as a moderator of the associations between various IPV forms and illicit substance use among 149 SGMY (ages 18-25; 28.9% bisexual, 42.3% transgender or gender nonbinary, 45.0% racial and ethnic minority) between 2016 and 2017. Results indicated that many SGMY used cocaine in the past 6 months (24.8%), followed by hallucinogens (24.8%), stimulants (22.8%), and heroin (20.8%). More than half (62.4%) of SGMY experienced psychological abuse, 44.3% physical abuse, and 43.6% identity abuse in the past year. Cognitive reappraisal buffered the associations between two forms of IPV, identity abuse and physical abuse, and illicit substance use among SGMY, underscoring its importance for clinical intervention. Specifically, past year identity abuse and physical abuse were associated with greater illicit substance use only for SGMY with lower cognitive reappraisal, not for youth with higher cognitive reappraisal. This study adds to the burgeoning literature on identity, physical, and psychological forms of IPV and illicit substance use among SGMY. Our findings provide evidence that cognitive reappraisal strategies buffer the effect of identity abuse and physical abuse on illicit drug use among SGMY. These findings shed light on new avenues for clinical intervention that may help to reduce the prevalence of illicit substance use among IPV-exposed SGMY.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
This chapter reviews the array of methods used in contemporary research on population-level research on substance use and its consequences. We argue that there are critical questions that can best - or in some cases, only - be addressed at the level of a population. We then describe the major categories of data collection methods used in population research, including surveys, ecological momentary assessment, administrative data, audit methods, and unobtrusive assessment of substance use. Two categories of measures are then discussed: measures of an individual's use of substances and related problems and measures of harm to others caused by one's use. We then review factors that may be considered causes or correlates of substance use and consequences, including both individual and environmental factors. We close with a few thoughts on the accumulation of knowledge and its translation to policy and practice.
Collapse
|
6
|
Demant D, Saliba B. Queer binge: harmful alcohol use among sexual minority young people in Australia. Public Health 2019; 179:18-26. [PMID: 31715550 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The literature suggests that sexual minority young people (SMYP) use alcohol at disproportionate levels when compared with their heterosexual counterparts. Little is known about alcohol dependency symptoms and correlations between high-risk alcohol use/dependency symptoms and minority stress in this population in general and between subgroups. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Descriptive statistics, adjusted odds ratios, and analysis of covariance were used to determine high-risk alcohol use, dependency symptoms, differences between subgroups, and correlations between alcohol use, dependency symptoms, and minority stress. RESULTS A total of 1556 Australian SMYPs aged 18 to 35 years completed the survey. Fifty percent of the participants reported high-risk alcohol consumption with significant differences between subgroups. Typical dependency symptoms such as 'health, social, legal or financial problems due to alcohol consumption' (16.8%, n = 247) were identified in large parts of the sample. High-risk consumption and dependency symptoms were significantly correlated with minority stress. CONCLUSION High levels of high-risk alcohol use and dependency symptoms were found, largely consistent with existing literature. However, disparities are not distributed equally in this population, suggesting that future health promotion interventions should focus on SMYP subgroups. Significant correlations between minority stress and dependency symptoms/high-risk use suggest a potential route for future interventions in these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Demant
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Bernard Saliba
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Whitton SW, Dyar C, Mustanski B, Newcomb ME. Intimate Partner Violence Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents and Young Adults Assigned Female at Birth. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2019; 43:232-249. [PMID: 31649417 PMCID: PMC6812525 DOI: 10.1177/0361684319838972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority youth, especially those assigned female at birth, are at risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) due to minority stressors. With a sample of 352 sexual and gender minority youth assigned female at birth (age 16-32), we aimed to describe IPV in this population, including the prevalence, directionality, frequency, co-occurrence, and demographic correlates of various IPV types. Rates of past-6-month IPV were high, with victimization and perpetration of minor psychological IPV most common (64-70%); followed by severe psychological, minor physical, and coercive control (20-33%); and severe physical and sexual IPV (10-15%). For cyber abuse and IPV tactics leveraging anti-sexual minority stigma, victimization (12.5% and 15%, respectively) was more common than perpetration (8% and 6%, respectively). Most IPV was bidirectional and occurred 1-2 times in 6 months, although frequency varied considerably. Latent class analyses revealed that half of participants reported no or minimal IPV; one-third experienced multiple forms of psychological IPV (including coercive control); and 10-15% reported psychological, physical, sexual, and cyber abuse. Racial minority youth had higher rates of most IPV types than White participants. We hope study findings will inform policies and interventions to prevent IPV among gender and sexual minority youth assigned female at birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Dyar
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Michael E Newcomb
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Whitton SW, Newcomb ME, Messinger AM, Byck G, Mustanski B. A Longitudinal Study of IPV Victimization Among Sexual Minority Youth. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:912-945. [PMID: 27147275 PMCID: PMC6538483 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516646093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth, little is known regarding its developmental patterns, risk factors, or health-related consequences. We examined IPV victimization in an ethnically diverse community-based convenience sample of 248 LGBT youth (aged 16-20 at study outset) who provided six waves of data across a 5-year period. Results from multilevel models indicated high, stable rates of IPV victimization across this developmental period (ages 16-25 years) that differed between demographic groups. Overall, 45.2% of LGBT youth were physically abused and 16.9% were sexually victimized by a dating partner during the study. Odds of physical victimization were 76% higher for female than for male LGBT youth, 2.46 times higher for transgender than for cisgender youth, and 2 to 4 times higher for racial-ethnic minorities than for White youth. The prevalence of physical IPV declined with age for White youth but remained stable for racial-ethnic minorities. Odds of sexual victimization were 3.42 times higher for transgender than for cisgender youth, 75% higher for bisexual or questioning than for gay or lesbian youth, and increased more with age for male than female participants. Within-person analyses indicated that odds of physical IPV were higher at times when youth reported more sexual partners, more marijuana use, and lower social support; odds of sexual IPV were higher at times when youth reported more sexual partners and more LGBT-related victimization. In prospective analyses, sexual IPV predicted increased psychological distress; both IPV types marginally predicted increased marijuana use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gayle Byck
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ning Z, Zheng H, Ding Y, Gao M, Wong FY, He N. Intimate partner violence victimization and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China. Biosci Trends 2018; 12:142-148. [PMID: 29760357 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and its association with HIV infection among men who have sex men (MSM) in China are not understood. In this study, 732 MSM recruited from Shanghai, China between March and August 2015 were administered with a questionnaire survey and HIV blood testing. IPV victimization was measured by 25 forced-choice items capturing lifetime experience of physical, sexual, psychological, deprivation or neglect, and other forms of violence. Of them, 179 (24.3%) reported having experienced at least one type of IPV victimization. In separate multivariable analyses, sexual violence was associated with age over 35 years (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07-1.02), ever had male-to-male commercial sex (AOR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.19-5.39), and diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) (AOR = 2.14, 95%CI: 0.98-4.66). Both psychological violence (AOR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.25-5.12)and deprivation or neglect violence (AOR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.14-2.68) were associated with ever had sex with a casual male partner(s). Having experienced at least one type of IPV victimization was significantly associated with ever had sex with a causal partner(s) (AOR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.15-2.57) and ever had a diagnosis of a STI (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.12-2.88). HIV infection was marginally associated with having experienced any form of IPV victimization. IPV victimization is common among MSM, especially young MSM, in China, although its association with HIV infection is not conclusive in our sample. Nonetheless, our findings highlight the importance of the needs of individualized IPV interventions for certain target risk groups of MSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University.,Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Putuo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Zhen Ning
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University
| | - Meiyang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University
| | - Frank Y Wong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University.,Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.,Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa
| | - Na He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duncan DT, Goedel WC, Stults CB, Brady WJ, Brooks FA, Blakely JS, Hagen D. A Study of Intimate Partner Violence, Substance Abuse, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in a Sample of Geosocial-Networking Smartphone Application Users. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:292-301. [PMID: 26873342 PMCID: PMC5818104 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316631964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Geosocial-networking smartphone applications ("apps") are widely used by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and facilitate connections between users based on proximity and attraction. MSM have sexual encounters and relationships of varying degrees of emotional and physical intimacy with app-met individuals, potentially placing them at risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). The purpose of the current study was to utilize a geosocial-networking application to investigate relationships between experiences of IPV victimization as it relates to substance use and sexual risk behaviors in a sample of MSM. Participants ( n = 175) were recruited by means of broadcast advertisements on an application widely used by MSM (Grindr) to seek sexual partners. Multivariable regression models were fit to examine associations between IPV, substance abuse, and sexual risk behaviors. Lifetime experiences of IPV victimization were common, where 37.7% of respondents reported having experienced at least one form of IPV. While a marginally significant positive association between IPV and substance abuse was detected in multivariable models ( p = .095), individual forms of IPV were strongly associated with substance abuse. For example, sexual IPV victimization was associated with an increase in substance abuse in the preceding month ( p = .004). Experiences of IPV victimization were associated with higher numbers of partners for both condomless receptive and insertive anal intercourse ( p < .05). Given the relatively high prevalence of IPV victimization and its associations with substance abuse and sexual risk behaviors, these findings suggest that IPV screening and prevention programs may reduce substance abuse and sexual risk behaviors in this population.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Many studies, reviews, and meta-analyses have reported elevated mental health problems for sexual minority (SM) individuals. This systematic review provides an update by including numerous recent studies, and explores whether SM individuals are at increased risk across selected mental health problems as per dimensions of sexual orientation (SO), genders, life-stages, geographic regions, and in higher quality studies. A systematic search in PubMed produced 199 studies appropriate for review. A clear majority of studies reported elevated risks for depression, anxiety, suicide attempts or suicides, and substance-related problems for SM men and women, as adolescents or adults from many geographic regions, and with varied SO dimensions (behaviour, attraction, identity), especially in more recent and higher quality studies. One notable exception is alcohol-related problems, where many studies reported zero or reversed effects, especially for SM men. All SM subgroups were at increased risk, but bisexual individuals were at highest risk in the majority of studies. Other subgroup and gender differences are more complex and are discussed. The review supports the long-standing mental health risk proposition for SM individuals, overall and as subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Plöderl
- a Department of Suicide Prevention , University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Institute of Clinical Psychology, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Pierre Tremblay
- b Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
George PE, Bayer AM, Garcia PJ, Perez-Lu JE, Burke JG, Coates TJ, Gorbach PM. Is Intimate Partner and Client Violence Associated with Condomless Anal Intercourse and HIV Among Male Sex Workers in Lima, Peru? AIDS Behav 2016; 20:2078-89. [PMID: 26880321 PMCID: PMC4985504 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Violence experience can increase HIV risk behaviors; however, literature is scarce on violence among male sex workers (MSWs) globally. In 2014, 210 Peruvian MSWs (median age 24.9) were interviewed about their experience of physical, emotional, and sexual violence and condom use with non-paying intimate partners and clients and were tested for HIV. Multivariable models examined relationships between violence in the past 6 months, condomless anal intercourse (CLAI) in the past 3 months and HIV infection. HIV infection (24 %), CLAI (43 %), being a violence victim (42 %) and perpetrator (39 %) were common. In separate multivariable models, being a violence victim [adjusted prevalence ratio aPR = 1.49 (95 % CI 1.09-2.03)] and perpetrator [aPR = 1.39 (1.03-1.87)] were associated with CLAI. Further, being a victim [aPR = 1.65 (1.04-2.62)] was associated with HIV infection. Violence, which was significantly associated with CLAI and HIV infection, is common among Peruvian MSWs, reinforcing the importance of violence awareness and prevention as HIV risk-reduction strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E George
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 LeConte Ave., CHS 12-105, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Angela M Bayer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 LeConte Ave., CHS 12-105, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Epidemiology, STD, and HIV Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Patricia J Garcia
- Epidemiology, STD, and HIV Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jose E Perez-Lu
- Epidemiology, STD, and HIV Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Jessica G Burke
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Coates
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 LeConte Ave., CHS 12-105, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Pamina M Gorbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 LeConte Ave., CHS 12-105, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Charest M, Kleinplatz PJ, Lund JI. Sexual health information disparities between heterosexual and LGBTQ+ young adults: Implications for sexual health. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.252-a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most studies on young adults' sources of sexual health information and confidence in sexual health practices have focused primarily on heterosexual university students. This study sought to bridge this gap in the literature by exploring where emerging adults, including LGBTQ+ individuals and those who do not pursue postsecondary education, obtain their sexuality information and how this relates to sexual self-efficacy. A total of 386 adults between the ages of 18 and 25 were divided into higher education (n=306) versus high school (n=80) groups and heterosexual (n=215) versus LGBTQ+ (n=171) emerging adults. Participants completed measures of sexual health information sources, as well as self-efficacy with regard to sexual health practices. Heterosexual participants obtained significantly more information from school/university courses and less from educational websites/news outlets than LGBTQ+ participants. Heterosexual participants were significantly more confident in their sexual health practices than LGBTQ+ participants. Different sources of information helped predict sexual self-efficacy across these four groups. Acquiring more information from significant others was the only significant predictor of sexual self-efficacy for all four groups. This study suggests that sexual health information should be discussed within a more relational or interpersonal framework, and that LGBTQ+ issues should be further incorporated and integrated in sex education curricula. Implications for healthcare providers, public health policy, sex educators, clinicians and future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peggy J. Kleinplatz
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - Jessie I. Lund
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brittain DR, Dinger MK. An Examination of Health Inequities among College Students by Sexual Orientation Identity and Sex. J Public Health Res 2015; 4:414. [PMID: 25918696 PMCID: PMC4407041 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2015.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) college students may have an increased number of health inequities compared to their heterosexual counterparts. However, to date, no research has provided a comprehensive examination of health-related factors by sexual orientation identity and sex among a national sample of college students. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine physical, sexual, interpersonal relations/safety, and mental health inequities by sexual orientation identity and sex among a national sample of college students. Design and methods Participants (n=39,767) completed the National College Health Assessment II during the fall 2008/spring 2009 academic year. Hierarchical binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine health inequities by sexual orientation identity and sex. Results LGB students compared to heterosexual students, experienced multiple health inequities including higher rates of being verbally threatened and lower rates of physical activity and condom use. Conclusions An understanding of health inequities experienced by LGB college students is critical as during these years of transition, students engage in protective (e.g., physical activity) and risky (e.g., lack of condom use) health behaviours, establishing habits that could last a lifetime. Future research should be used to design and implement targeted public health strategies and policies to reduce health inequities and improve health-related quality of life among LGB college students. Significance for public health Health inequities based on sexual orientation identity and sex among college students is a critical public health concern. Based on the results of the current study, lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) college students experienced multiple physical, sexual, interpersonal relations and safety, and mental health inequities. This understanding of health inequities experienced by LGB college students is critical as during these years of transition, students engage in protective (e.g., physical activity) and risky (e.g., lack of condom use) health behaviours, establishing habits that could last a lifetime. By intervening during the college years, targeted public health strategies and policies can be designed and implemented to reduce health inequities and improve health-related quality of life among LGB individuals during mid-to-later adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Brittain
- Community Health Program, Colorado School of Public Health at the University of Northern Colorado , Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Mary K Dinger
- Community Health Program, Colorado School of Public Health at the University of Northern Colorado , Greeley, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tran A, Lin L, Nehl EJ, Talley CL, Dunkle KL, Wong FY. Prevalence of Substance Use and Intimate Partner Violence in a Sample of A/PI MSM. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2014; 29:2054-2067. [PMID: 24390356 PMCID: PMC8080275 DOI: 10.1177/0886260513516006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the prevalence of three forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) (i.e., experience of physical, psychological/symbolic, and sexual battering) among a national sample of Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI) men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States and identifies their characteristics. The study also reports the differences of substance use behavior between MSM with and without a previous history of IPV. Our sample was recruited through venue-based sampling from seven metropolitan cities as part of the national Men of Asia Testing for HIV (MATH) study. Among 412 MSM, 29.1% experienced IPV perpetrated from a boyfriend or same-gender partner in the past 5 years. Within the previous 5 years, 62.5%, 78.3%, and 40.8% of participants experienced physical, psychological/symbolic, and sexual battering, respectively. Collectively, 35.8% of participants reported that they have experienced at least one type of victimization and 64.2% have experienced multiple victimizations (two or three types of battering victimization). Overall, 21.2% of our sample reported any substance use within the past 12 months. The present findings suggest that individuals with a history of IPV in the past 5 years were more likely to report substance use (33.6%) compared to those without a history of IPV experience (16.1%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Tran
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Matthews DD, Lee JGL. A profile of North Carolina lesbian, gay, and bisexual health disparities, 2011. Am J Public Health 2014; 104:e98-e105. [PMID: 24825240 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the health profile of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in North Carolina, the first state in the South to include a measure of sexual orientation identity in a probability-based statewide health survey. METHODS Using data from 9876 respondents in the 2011 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, we compared sexual minorities to heterosexuals on a variety of health indicators. RESULTS LGB respondents were younger and more likely to be reached by cell phone. Many examined indicators were not different by sexual orientation. Significant results, however, were consistent with findings from state population surveys in other regions of the country, including disparities in mental health and, among women, smoking. CONCLUSIONS Reporting LGB identity in North Carolina is associated with poorer health. The concentration of anti-LGB policies in the South warrants ongoing monitoring of LGB health disparities in North Carolina and in other Southeastern states for potential effects on the health and well-being of LGB populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick D Matthews
- At the time of this study, Derrick D. Matthews and Joseph G. L. Lee were with the Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Smith ML, La Place LL, Menn M, Wilson KL. HIV-Related Knowledge and Perceptions by Academic Major: Implications for University Interventions. Front Public Health 2014; 2:18. [PMID: 24660165 PMCID: PMC3950560 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most universities offer human sexuality courses, although they are not required for graduation. While students in health-related majors may receive sexuality education in formal settings, majority of college students never receive formal sexual health or HIV/AIDS-related education, which may lead to elevated engagement in high-risk sexual behaviors. This study examines perceived knowledge about HIV/AIDS, perceived risk, and perceived consequences among college students by two distinct classifications of academic majors. Data were collected from 510 college students. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were performed to compare HIV-related covariates by academic major category. Limited differences were observed by science, technology, engineering, and mathematics categorization. Relative to health and kinesiology majors, those who self-reported being "completely knowledgeable" about HIV were less likely to be physical sciences, mathematics, engineering, and business (PMEB) (OR = 0.41, P = 0.047) or education, humanities, and social sciences majors (OR = 0.25, P = 0.004). PMEB majors were less likely to report behavioral factors as a risk for contracting HIV (OR = 0.86, P = 0.004) and perceived acquiring HIV would be more detrimental to their quality of life (OR = 2.14, P = 0.012), but less detrimental to their mental well-being (OR = 0.58, P = 0.042). Findings can inform college-wide campaigns and interventions to raise HIV/AIDS awareness and improve college health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lee Smith
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lisa L. La Place
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mindy Menn
- College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kelly L. Wilson
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zoeterman SE, Wright AJ. The role of openness to experience and sexual identity formation in LGB individuals: implications for mental health. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2014; 61:334-353. [PMID: 24383862 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2013.839919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Openness to experience has been shown to have a positive impact on mental health in the general population, but there is a dearth of information both about why this is the case and on LGB populations in this area. The present article explores the relationship between openness to experience, LGB identity development, and mental health. The results revealed a full mediation model, where the positive impact of openness to experience on mental health is fully mediated by positive LGB identity development. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Zoeterman
- a Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology , Teachers College, Columbia University , New York , New York , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
The IPV-GBM scale: a new scale to measure intimate partner violence among gay and bisexual men. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62592. [PMID: 23755098 PMCID: PMC3674004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The paper describes the creation of a new scale to measure intimate partner violence (IPV) among gay and bisexual men. METHODS Seven focus group discussions were held with gay and bisexual men, focusing on defining intimate partner violence: 30 forms of IPV were identified. A venue-recruited sample of 912 gay and bisexual men was surveyed, examining definitional understanding and recent experiences of each of the 30 forms of IPV. Participants were also asked questions from the CDC definition of intimate partner violence and the short-form of the Conflicts Tactics Scale (CTS2S). Factor analysis of responses to the definitional questions was used to create the IPV-GBM scale, and the prevalence of intimate partner violence was compared with that identified by the CDC and CTS2S measures of intimate partner violence. RESULTS A 23-item scale, with 5 unique domains, was created, with strong internal reliability (Cronbach Alpha >.90). The IPV-GBM scale mirrored both the CDC and CTS2S definitions of intimate partner violence, but contained additional domains such as controlling violence, monitoring behaviors, emotional violence, and HIV-related violence. The new scale identified a significantly higher prevalence of IPV than either of the more commonly used measures. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here provide encouraging evidence for a new, more accurate measure of intimate partner violence among gay and bisexual men in the U.S.
Collapse
|
20
|
Finneran C, Stephenson R. Intimate partner violence among men who have sex with men: a systematic review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2013; 14:168-85. [PMID: 23271429 PMCID: PMC4046894 DOI: 10.1177/1524838012470034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This article presents results from a systematic review of the literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) among U.S. men who have sex with men (MSM). From 576 reviewed studies, a total of 28 met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The population characteristics of each study, definitions of IPV, prevalences of different forms of IPV, and statistically tested correlates of IPV are summarized for each study. The results indicate that all forms of IPV occur among MSM at rates similar to or higher than those documented among women, although data on perpetration rates of IPV are scant, and consensus as to IPV correlates among MSM is absent. This review also finds significant limitations in the reviewed literature, notably the lack of a standardized, validated definition of IPV among MSM; use of unspecific recall periods for IPV; a lack of attention to nonphysical, nonsexual forms of IPV; and near-universal use of cross-sectional, convenience samples of urban MSM. Researchers should develop and validate an MSM-specific definition of IPV, use more rigorous epidemiological methods to measure IPV and its effects, and clarify the mental and physical health outcomes associated with both receipt and perpetration of IPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Finneran
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Potter SJ, Fountain K, Stapleton JG. Addressing sexual and relationship violence in the LGBT community using a bystander framework. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2012; 20:201-8. [PMID: 22894729 DOI: 10.3109/10673229.2012.712838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sexual and relationship violence are two major public health issues that affect an alarming number of undergraduate students. As a result, many colleges and universities have protocols to serve victims of these forms of violence. Despite federal legislation stating that all students should have equitable experiences, current protocols and programs focus primarily on heterosexual students. College student victims of sexual and relationship violence who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender can face particular challenges, including disclosure of their sexual and gender orientations, and revictimization when seeking services. In recent years an increasing number of campuses have adopted bystander prevention strategies to address sexual and relationship violence. These strategies seek to engage community members in the prevention of sexual and relationship violence by training them to identify and safely intervene in situations where sexual or relationship violence is about to occur, is occurring, or has occurred. In this article we review published bystander prevention strategies that focus on preventing sexual and relationship violence in the campus community, and discuss how bystander strategies are addressing or can address relationship and sexual violence in the LGBT community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharyn J Potter
- Department of Sociology, University of New Hampshire, NH 03824, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
West CM. Partner Abuse in Ethnic Minority and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.3.3.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review seeks to synthesize the current state of knowledge regarding gender differences in rates of physical and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence among the four largest racial/ethnic groups in the United States, compares rates of physical and psychological IPV between sexual minorities and heterosexuals and among subgroups of sexual minorities (gay men, lesbians, bisexuals), and summarizes correlates and risk factors that are associated with rates of IPV in both ethnic and sexual minorities.A systematic search of the published literature in the past 40 years using various search engines (e.g., PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) was conducted. The review identified 55 studies that met criteria. Few gender differences in rates of physical and psychological aggression were found among African American, Hispanic American, Asian American, and Native American men and women. Psychological aggression was most frequently reported. Bidirectional violence, which primarily took the form of minor aggression, was the most frequently reported form of physical violence. When unidirectional aggression was assessed, it was more likely to be female perpetrated, particularly among African Americans. These gender patterns were consistent across general population, student, and community studies. Respondents who reported a history of same-sex cohabitation and those who identified as sexual minorities reported higher rates of IPV than those who reported only a history of opposite-sex cohabitation and those who identified as heterosexual.Regarding sexual minority subgroup differences, bisexuals appeared to be at a greater risk of IPV, and victimization among transgendered individuals has largely been neglected in the literature. Substance abuse and use, marginalized socioeconomic status in the form of family and neighborhood poverty, and exposure to violence during childhood as a witness or victim of violence in the family of origin were consistently linked to elevated rates of IPV. Associations also were found between level of acculturation and minority stress in the form of internalized homophobia and frequency of discrimination based on sexual orientation. However, the complex association among these variables was less clear across racial groups and sexual orientation. Research limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Collapse
|
23
|
Blosnich J, Lee JGL, Horn K. A systematic review of the aetiology of tobacco disparities for sexual minorities. Tob Control 2011; 22:66-73. [PMID: 22170335 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the literature examining risk factors/correlates of cigarette smoking among lesbian, gay and bisexual (ie, sexual minority) populations. METHODS Sets of terms relevant to sexual minority populations and cigarette smoking were used in a simultaneous search of 10 databases through EBSCOhost. The search was limited to the peer-reviewed literature up to January 2011, using no geographic or language limits. For inclusion, the paper was required to: (1) have been written in English, (2) have sexual minorities (defined by either attraction, behaviour, or identity) included in the study population and (3) have examined some form of magnitude of association for risk factors/correlates of any definition of cigarette smoking. A total of 386 abstracts were reviewed independently, with 26 papers meeting all inclusion criteria. Abstracts were reviewed and coded independently by authors JB and JGLL using nine codes derived from the inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS Studies used various measures of sexual orientation and of smoking. Risk factors that could be considered unique to sexual minorities included internalised homophobia and reactions to disclosure of sexual orientation. Some studies also indicated common smoking risk factors experienced at higher rates among sexual minorities, including stress, depression, alcohol use and victimisation. CONCLUSIONS This review identified risks that were associated with sexual minority status and common to the general population but experienced at potentially higher rates by sexual minorities. Government and foundation funds should be directed towards research on the origins of this disparity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Blosnich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, 300 Crittenden Blvd. Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lindley LL, Walsemann KM, Carter JW. The association of sexual orientation measures with young adults' health-related outcomes. Am J Public Health 2011; 102:1177-85. [PMID: 22021310 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined associations among 3 dimensions of sexual orientation (identity, behavior, and attraction) and key health-related indicators commonly studied among sexual minority populations: depressive symptoms, perceived stress, smoking, binge drinking, and victimization. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, Wave IV (2007-2008) when respondents were aged 24 to 32 years (n=14,412). We used multivariate linear and logistic regressions to examine consistency of associations between sexual orientation measures and health-related indicators. RESULTS Strength of associations differed by gender and sexual orientation measure. Among women, being attracted to both sexes, identifying as "mostly straight" or "bisexual," and having mostly opposite-sex sexual partners was associated with greater risk for all indicators. Among men, sexual attraction was unrelated to health indicators. Men who were "mostly straight" were at greater risk for some, but not all, indicators. Men who had sexual partners of the same-sex or both sexes were at lower risk for binge drinking. CONCLUSIONS Using all 3 dimensions of sexual orientation provides a more complete picture of the association between sexual orientation and health among young adults than does using any 1 dimension alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Lindley
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rhodes SD, McCoy TP, Hergenrather KC, Vissman AT, Wolfson M, Alonzo J, Bloom FR, Alegría-Ortega J, Eng E. Prevalence estimates of health risk behaviors of immigrant latino men who have sex with men. J Rural Health 2011; 28:73-83. [PMID: 22236317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2011.00373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the health status of rural immigrant Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). These MSM comprise a subpopulation that tends to remain "hidden" from both researchers and practitioners. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and drug use, and sexual risk behaviors of Latino MSM living in rural North Carolina. METHODS A community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to identify, recruit, and enroll Latino MSM to participate in an interviewer-administered behavioral assessment. RDS-weighted prevalence of risk behaviors was estimated using the RDS Analysis Tool. Data collection occurred in 2008. RESULTS A total of 190 Latino MSM was reached; the average age was 25.5 years and nearly 80% reported being from Mexico. Prevalence estimates of smoking everyday and past 30-day heavy episodic drinking were 6.5% and 35.0%, respectively. Prevalence estimates of past 12-month marijuana and cocaine use were 56.0% and 27.1%, respectively. Past 3-month prevalence estimates of sex with at least one woman, multiple male partners, and inconsistent condom use were 21.2%, 88.9%, and 54.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Respondents had low rates of tobacco use and club drug use, and high rates of sexual risk behaviors. Although this study represents an initial step in documenting the health risk behaviors of immigrant Latino MSM who are part of a new trend in Latino immigration to the southeastern United States, a need exists for further research, including longitudinal studies to understand the trajectory of risk behavior among immigrant Latino MSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1063, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Reece M, Herbenick D, Schick V, Sanders SA, Dodge B, Fortenberry JD. Sexual Behaviors, Relationships, and Perceived Health Among Adult Men in the United States: Results from a National Probability Sample. J Sex Med 2010; 7 Suppl 5:291-304. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|