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Kortas GT, Abrahão ABB, Malbergier A, Fidalgo TM, Moura H, de Andrade AG, Neto FL, Torales J, Ventriglio A, Castaldelli-Maia JM. Immigrants, refugees and cannabis use. Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 34:59-77. [PMID: 35584015 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2039595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immigration typically occurs from low- to high-income countries and regions. Unfortunately, these wealthier areas also have higher rates of cannabis use (e.g. European Union and the US). This systematic review aimed to summarize available studies on cannabis use among immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. In addition, evidence on the association between immigration and cannabis use was reviewed. The rates of cannabis use were lower among immigrants than natives. The risk and protective factors to cannabis use were quite similar to those of the native populations. The population at greatest risk for cannabis use were refugees, males, singles, non-religious, those with lower educational level, living in urban areas, with friends that use cannabis and/or other drugs. Cannabis use tend to increase over generations, and acculturation seems to play a pivotal role. First generation migrants report equal or lower consumption of cannabis when compared with the majority population with a subsequent increase in following generations, with a clear association with acculturation factors. A higher cannabis use was found among migrants with lower cultural congruity as well as a higher level of culture assimilation. This use seems to be unrelated to alcohol or illicit drugs consumption, but possibly associated with tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André Malbergier
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Marques Fidalgo
- Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Young Leaders Program from the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena Moura
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Arthur Guerra de Andrade
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Torales
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center, Santo André, Brazil
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2
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Ku BS, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Compton MT, Cornblatt BA, Keshavan M, Mathalon DH, Perkins DO, Stone WS, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods SW, Druss BG. Association between residential instability at individual and area levels and future psychosis in adolescents at clinical high risk from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) consortium. Schizophr Res 2021; 238:137-144. [PMID: 34673386 PMCID: PMC10800030 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence supports an association between residential instability and increased risk for psychosis, but the association between residential instability and conversion to psychosis among adolescents at clinical high risk (CHR) is unclear. In this study, we determined whether individual-level and area-level residential instability and their interaction are associated with conversion to psychosis within two years. METHODS Data were collected as part of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study Phase 2. Individual-level residential instability, defined as having ever moved during lifetime, was derived from the Life Events Scale. Area-level residential instability, defined as the percentage of people who were not living in the same house five years ago, was derived from the U.S. Decennial Censuses. RESULTS This study included 285 adolescents at CHR (including 36 subjects who later converted to full psychosis). We found that individual-level residential instability was associated with conversion (adjusted OR = 2.769; 95% CI = 1.037-7.393). The interaction between individual-level and area-level residential instability was significant (p = 0.030). In a subgroup of CHR participants who have never moved (n = 91), area-level residential instability during childhood was associated with conversion (adjusted OR = 1.231; 95% CI = 1.029-1.473). Conversely, in a subgroup of CHR participants who resided in residentially stable areas during childhood (n = 142), the association between individual-level residential instability and conversion remained significant (adjusted OR = 15.171; 95% CI = 1.753-131.305). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that individual-level and area-level residential instability may be associated with conversion to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S Ku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Kristin S Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael T Compton
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Barbara A Cornblatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Long Island, NY, United States
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Harvard Medical School, Departments of Psychiatry at Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - William S Stone
- Harvard Medical School, Departments of Psychiatry at Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Benjamin G Druss
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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3
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Cho Y. The association between residential mobility and adolescents' health: The mediating role of neighborhood social cohesion. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:1469-1480. [PMID: 32160319 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between residential mobility, neighborhood social cohesion, and health status in US adolescents. Using data from the 2017 National Child Health Survey, our study showed that high residential mobility is negatively related to adolescents' health. Furthermore, we found that the association between residential mobility and adolescents' health status was mediated by neighborhood social cohesion. These findings suggest that neighborhood social cohesion can be an important mechanism through which residential mobility affects adolescents' health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Cho
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Price C, Dalman C, Zammit S, Kirkbride JB. Association of Residential Mobility Over the Life Course With Nonaffective Psychosis in 1.4 Million Young People in Sweden. JAMA Psychiatry 2018; 75:1128-1136. [PMID: 30140915 PMCID: PMC6248097 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Residential mobility (changing residence) during childhood and early adolescence is a possible risk factor for several adverse health outcomes, including psychotic disorders. However, it is unclear whether sensitive periods to residential mobility exist over the life course, including in adulthood, or if greater moving distances, which might disrupt social networks, are associated with a greater psychosis risk. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between residential mobility over the life course and the risk of nonaffective psychosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study included all people born in Sweden between January 1, 1982, and December 31, 1995, who were alive and resided in Sweden on their 16th birthday who were followed up until up to age 29 years (ending December 2011). Participants were followed until receiving a first diagnosis of an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) nonaffective psychotic disorder (F20-29), emigration, death, or the end of 2011, whichever was sooner. National register linkage provided exposure, outcome, and covariate data (complete data were available for 1 440 383 participants [97.8%]). EXPOSURES The exposures to distance moved and the number of residential moves were examined for participants at the following periods over the life course: 0 to 6 years, 7 to 15 years, 16 to 19 years, and 20 years and older. RESULTS This study included 1 440 383 participants, of whom 4537 (0.31%) had nonaffective psychotic disorder (median age, 20.9 [interquartile range, 19.0-23.3]). More frequent moves during childhood and adolescence were associated with an increased risk of nonaffective psychosis that showed dose-response associations independent of covariates. The most sensitive period of risk occurred during late adolescence; those who moved during each year between age 16 to 19 years had an increased adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.99 (95% CI, 1.30-3.05) compared with those who never moved. One move during adulthood was not associated with psychosis risk (adjusted HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.94-1.14), but moving 4 or more times during adulthood was associated with increased risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.51-2.23). Independently, moving greater distances before age 16 years was associated with an increased risk (adjusted HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19), with evidence of a nonlinear threshold effect for moves longer than 30 km. The distance moved after age 20 years was associated with a decreased risk (adjusted HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.63-0.71). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Children and adolescents with less disruption in their residential environments are less likely to experience psychotic disorders in early adulthood. Moves that may necessitate changes in school and social networks were most strongly associated with future risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Christina Dalman
- Epidemiology of Mental Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stanley Zammit
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales,Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
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Cotton BP, Lohman MC, Brooks JM, LaGasse LL. Perinatal substance use, residential instability, and negative behavioral outcomes among adolescents: Lessons from the maternal lifestyle study. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2018; 30:149-155. [PMID: 29602191 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Both housing instability and prenatal substance use are known risk factors for behavioral problems among adolescents. METHODS The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between residential instability (residential mobility and homelessness) and delinquent behaviors among adolescents enrolled in the maternal lifestyle study (MLS), a 16-year research study that explored short-term and long-term effects of in-utero exposure to cocaine and/or opiates (N = 736). Logistic regression was used to measure the association between housing problems with youth crimes, school delinquency, and substance use at 11, 15, and 16 years of age. FINDINGS Both high-frequency residential mobility and homelessness were associated with deviant behaviors across the entire sample of children born with in-utero cocaine/opiate exposure and those without. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric nursing care of youth should include a comprehensive assessment of residential instability to identify risk and target potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi P Cotton
- College of Nursing of the University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Matthew C Lohman
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics of the University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jessica M Brooks
- Department of Psychiatry of the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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Morris T, Manley D, Sabel CE. Residential mobility: Towards progress in mobility health research. PROGRESS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 2018; 42:112-133. [PMID: 30369706 PMCID: PMC6187834 DOI: 10.1177/0309132516649454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Research into health disparities has long recognized the importance of residential mobility as a crucial factor in determining health outcomes. However, a lack of connectivity between the health and mobility literatures has led to a stagnation of theory and application on the health side, which lacks the detail and temporal perspectives now seen as critical to understanding residential mobility decisions. Through a critical re-think of mobility processes with respect to health outcomes and an exploitation of longitudinal analytical techniques, we argue that health geographers have the potential to better understand and identify the relationship that residential mobility has with health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Morris
- Tim Morris, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK.
| | - David Manley
- University of Bristol, UK and OTB, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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Health-Related Issues in Latina Youth: Racial/Ethnic, Gender, and Generational Status Differences. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:478-485. [PMID: 28712595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have examined the early development of a broad range of health issues of importance in adolescence in Latina (female) youth, despite their being potentially a vulnerable group. This study compared suicide and depressive symptoms, substance use, violence exposure, injury prevention, obesity, and health-related quality of life among Latina, African-American, and white females as well as Latino (male) youth in fifth grade, as well as differences related to immigrant generational status for Latinas. METHODS Data were from the Healthy Passages study, including 3,349 African-American, Latina, and white females as well as Latino male fifth graders in three U.S. metropolitan areas. Self-report items and scales were used to compare status on health-related issues. Generational status was classified based on the parent report of birth location. Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted, including adjustment for sociodemographic differences. RESULTS Latinas showed higher vulnerability than white females for several health issues, whereas few remained after adjustments for sociodemographic differences (higher obesity, lower bike helmet use, and lower physical health-related quality of life). Latina's lower vulnerability compared with African-American females generally persisted after adjustments. Third generation Latinas, after adjustments, reported lower prevalence of alcohol use and fewer friends using alcohol, yet higher future intentions of alcohol use, than first and second generation Latinas. There were few differences between Latina and Latino youth. CONCLUSIONS Latina youth generally report low vulnerability across health issues in preadolescence. To the extent they appear at higher vulnerability than white females, this may be related to their disadvantaged sociodemographic status.
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8
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Cotton BP. Residential Mobility and Social Behaviors of Adolescents: A Systematic Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2016; 29:177-187. [PMID: 28004428 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM The association between residential mobility and negative behaviors in adolescence has attracted multidisciplinary attention. METHODS The purpose of this article is to conduct a systematic literature review in order to synthesize research that measured mobility and at least one social behavior among participants 11 thru 18 years of age. The systematic search yielded 22 studies. FINDINGS Residential mobility is associated with negative behaviors among adolescents, including social problems, delinquency, substance and nicotine use, and adolescent pregnancy. However, these effects are explained by neighborhood disadvantage and inherent differences between movers and nonmovers. CONCLUSION For youth from disadvantaged backgrounds, moving may be one indicator of problem behaviors. Attending to when and why youth move-and to where-contributes to an understanding of the etiology of risky behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi Parker Cotton
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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9
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On the move: Exploring the impact of residential mobility on cannabis use. Soc Sci Med 2016; 168:239-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Hutchings HA, Evans A, Barnes P, Demmler JC, Heaven M, Healy MA, James-Ellison M, Lyons RA, Maddocks A, Paranjothy S, Rodgers SE, Dunstan F. Residential Moving and Preventable Hospitalizations. Pediatrics 2016; 138:peds.2015-2836. [PMID: 27260695 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between moving home in the first year of life and subsequent emergency admissions for potentially preventable hospitalizations. METHODS We undertook a cohort analysis of linked anonymized data on 237 842 children in the Welsh Electronic Cohort for Children. We included children born in Wales between April 1, 1999 and December 31, 2008. The exposure was the number of residential moves from birth up to 1 year. The main outcome was emergency admissions for potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPH) between the age of 1 and 5 years. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, we identified that moving home frequently in the first year of life was associated with an increased risk of emergency PPH between the ages of 1 and 5 when compared with not moving. We found significant differences associated with ≥2 moves for the following: ear, nose, and throat infections (incidence risk ratio [IRR], 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-1.61); convulsions/epilepsy (IRR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.23-2.04); injuries (IRR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18-1.51); dehydration/gastroenteritis (IRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.21-1.88); asthma (IRR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.19-2.16); influenza/pneumonia (IRR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.32); and dental conditions (IRR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03-1.64) for ≥1 moves. CONCLUSIONS Children who move home in the first year of life are at substantially increased risk of emergency admissions for PPH in early childhood. Additional research that focuses on enhancing health and social support services for highly mobile families, educating parents about safety risks, and improving housing quality is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley A Hutchings
- Patient and Population Health and Informatics Research, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom;
| | - Annette Evans
- Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Barnes
- Abertawe Bromorgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne C Demmler
- Farr Institute, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, United Kingdom; and
| | - Martin Heaven
- Farr Institute, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, United Kingdom; and
| | - Melanie A Healy
- Farr Institute, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Ronan A Lyons
- Farr Institute, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Shantini Paranjothy
- Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Rodgers
- Farr Institute, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, United Kingdom; and
| | - Frank Dunstan
- Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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11
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Cassels S, Manhart L, Jenness SM, Morris M. Short-term Mobility and Increased Partnership Concurrency among Men in Zimbabwe. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66342. [PMID: 23824635 PMCID: PMC3688871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration has long been understood as an underlying factor for HIV transmission, and sexual partner concurrency has been increasingly studied as an important component of HIV transmission dynamics. However, less work has examined the role of short-term mobility in sexual partner concurrency using a network approach. Short-term mobility may be a risk for HIV for the migrant's partner as well either through the partner's risk behaviors while the migrant is away, such as the partner having additional partners, or via exposure to the return migrant. METHODS Using data from the 2010-11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey, weighted generalized linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between short-term mobility and partnership concurrency at the individual and partnership levels. RESULTS At the individual level, we find strong evidence of an association between short-term mobility and concurrency. Men who traveled were more likely to have concurrent partnerships compared to men who did not travel and the relationship was non-linear: each trip was associated with a 2% higher probability of concurrency, with a diminishing risk at 60 trips (p<0.001). At the partnership level, short-term mobility by the male only or both partners was associated with male concurrency. Couples in which the female only traveled exhibited less male concurrency. CONCLUSIONS Short-term mobility has the ability to impact population-level transmission dynamics by facilitating partnership concurrency and thus onward HIV transmission. Short-term migrants may be an important population to target for HIV testing, treatment, or social and behavioral interventions to prevent the spread of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Cassels
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lisa Manhart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Samuel M. Jenness
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Martina Morris
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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12
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Brown D, Benzeval M, Gayle V, Macintyre S, O'Reilly D, Leyland AH. Childhood residential mobility and health in late adolescence and adulthood: findings from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2012; 66:942-50. [PMID: 22315239 PMCID: PMC3433221 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2011-200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The relationship between childhood residential mobility and health in the UK is not well established; however, research elsewhere suggests that frequent childhood moves may be associated with poorer health outcomes and behaviours. The aim of this paper was to compare people in the West of Scotland who were residentially stable in childhood with those who had moved in terms of a range of health measures. Methods A total of 850 respondents, followed-up for a period of 20 years, were included in this analysis. Childhood residential mobility was derived from the number of addresses lived at between birth and age 18. Multilevel regression was used to investigate the relationship between childhood residential mobility and health in late adolescence (age 18) and adulthood (age 36), accounting for socio-demographic characteristics and frequency of school moves. The authors examined physical health measures, overall health, psychological distress and health behaviours. Results Twenty per cent of respondents remained stable during childhood, 59% moved one to two times and 21% moved at least three times. For most health measures (except physical health), there was an increased risk of poor health that remained elevated for frequent movers after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics and school moves (but was only significant for illegal drug use). Conclusions Risk of poor health was elevated in adolescence and adulthood with increased residential mobility in childhood, after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and school moves. This was true for overall health, psychological distress and health behaviours, but physical health measures were not associated with childhood mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brown
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK.
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