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Bai J, Yu HT. Theoretical investigation of the structures, stabilities, and vibrational and rotational spectroscopic parameters of linear HOMgNC and HMgNCO molecules by density functional theory and coupled-cluster method. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00715k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Linear HOMgNC and HMgNCO molecules: two appropriate candidates for interstellar observation and experimental preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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2
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Theoretical insight into actinide monometallofullerene Th@C74 with four-electron-transfer characteristics. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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3
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Zhang K, Zheng H, Li M, Li QZ, Zhao Y, Zhao X. Significant Roles of a Particularly Stable Two-Center Two-Electron Lu-Lu σ Bond in Lu 2@C 86: Electronic Structure of Lu and Radius of Lu 2. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2425-2436. [PMID: 33497217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is still dispute over the stability of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) M2C2n, and recently, multiform lutetium-based dimetallofullerenes have been dropped in experiments. The thermodynamic stabilities of Lu2C86 EMFs are revealed by density functional theory (DFT) in conjunction with statistical thermodynamic analyses. Inevitably, besides the experimentally reported Lu2@C2v(63751)-C86, Lu2@Cs(63750)-C86, and Lu2@Cs(63757)-C86, other three metal carbide clusterfullerenes, Lu2C2@D2d(51591)-C84, Lu2C2@C1(51383)-C84, and Lu2C2@Cs(id207430)-C84, rather than Lu2@C86 are first characterized as thermodynamically stable isomers of Lu2C86. Specially, the Cs(id207430)-C84 is a newly non-classical fullerene containing one heptagon, which is stabilized via encaging Lu2C2. Another interesting phenomenon is that the outer fullerene cages of thermodynamically stable Lu2C82-88 molecules are geometrically connected through C2 addition/loss and Stone-Wales (SW) transformation, suggesting a special relationship between thermodynamic stabilities and geometries of Lu2C82-88 EMFs. Furthermore, the electronic configurations of (Lu2)4+@C864- and (Lu2C2)4+@C844- were confirmed. A significantly stable two-center two-electron (2c-2e) Lu-Lu σ single bond is formed in Lu2@C86. By comparing M-M bonds in M2@C2v(63751)-C86 (M = Sc, Y, La, and Lu), two significant factors, the valence atomic orbital (ns) of metal atoms and radius of M2+, are found to determine the stability of the M-M bond in the C2v(63751)-C86. Additionally, the simulated UV-vis-NIR spectra of thermodynamically stable Lu2C86 isomers were simulated, which further disclose their electronic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- KaiNi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qiao-Zhi Li
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yaoxiao Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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4
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Zheng H, Dang H, Zhao Y, Gu YX, Li M, Li QZ, Zhao X. Theoretical Investigations of Lu2C84: Unexpected Impact of Metal Electronic Configuration toward the Metal–Metal σ-Bond in Fullerene. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10113-10122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Haiping Dang
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yaoxiao Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yong-Xin Gu
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Qiao-Zhi Li
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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5
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Li M, Zhao Y, Han Y, Yuan K, Zhang K, Chen Y, Ehara M, Nagase S, Zhao X. Covalent interactions depend on the distances between metals and fullerenes for thermodynamically stable M@C78 (M = La, Ce, and Sm). Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermodynamic selectivity occurs between fullerenes and metals in M@C78 (M = La, Ce, Sm), including non-IPR C1(22 595)-C78; the different number of electrons transferred from metals to C78 leads to the first EMF with diradical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Li
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yaoxiao Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yanbo Han
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Kun Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianshui Normal University
- Tianshui
- China
| | - Kaini Zhang
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yingqi Chen
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | | | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
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6
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Slanina Z, Uhlík F, Bao L, Akasaka T, Lu X, Adamowicz L. Calculated relative populations for the Eu@C82 isomers. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Ma L, Ren J, Feng R, Zhang K, Kong X. Structural characterizations of protonated homodimers of amino acids: Revealed by infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Li QZ, Zheng JJ, He L, Nagase S, Zhao X. La–La bonded dimetallofullerenes [La2@C2n]−: species for stabilizing C2n (2n = 92–96) besides La2C2@C2n. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14671-14678. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01371c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical investigations suggest that carbon cages C2n could be captured as both electron reduced [La2@C2n]− with La–La bonding and pristine La2C2@C2n forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Zhi Li
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Jia-Jia Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Ling He
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
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9
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Slanina Z, Uhlík F, Adamowicz L, Akasaka T, Nagase S, Lu X. Stability issues in computational screening of carbon nanostructures: illustrations on La endohedrals. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1321752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Slanina
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Filip Uhlík
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ludwik Adamowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Slanina Z, Uhlík F, Nagase S, Akasaka T, Adamowicz L, Lu X. Eu@C 72: Computed Comparable Populations of Two Non-IPR Isomers. Molecules 2017; 22:E1053. [PMID: 28672819 PMCID: PMC6152253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative concentrations of six isomeric Eu@C 72 -one based on the IPR C 72 cage (i.e., obeying the isolated-pentagon rule, IPR), two cages with a pentagon-pentagon junction (symmetries C 2 and C 2 v ), a cage with one heptagon, a cage with two heptagons, and a cage with two pentagon-pentagon fusions-are DFT computed using the Gibbs energy in a broad temperature interval. It is shown that the two non-IPR isomers with one pentagon-pentagon junction prevail at any relevant temperature and exhibit comparable populations. The IPR-satisfying structure is disfavored by both energy and entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Slanina
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Filip Uhlík
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Ludwik Adamowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA.
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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11
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Mu L, Bao X, Yang S, Kong X. Dimetallofullerene M2@C100 or carbide cluster fullerene M2C2@C98 (M = La, Y, and Sc): which ones are more stable? RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00717e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The geometric and thermodynamic stability of the M2C100 (M = La, Y, and Sc) series was systematically investigated using density functional theory calculations on the level of B3LYP/6-31G(d) ∼ Lanl2dz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mu
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiaodi Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Shumei Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xianglei Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
- China
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12
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Valdés Á, Prosmiti R. Preferential stabilization of HeI2 van der Waals isomers: the effect of energetics and temperature. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01378g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetics and temperature dependence on the preferential stabilization of the linear/T-shaped HeI2 isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Valdés
- Departamento de Física
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Bogotá
- Colombia
| | - Rita Prosmiti
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC)
- CSIC
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
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13
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Cui JB, Guo YJ, Li QZ, Zhao P, Zhao X. Theoretical survey on M@C80 (M=Ca, Sr, and Ba): Behavior of different alkaline earth metal impacting the chemical stability and electronic properties. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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TD-DFT calculations and thermal effects on conformers of calmagite in protic solvents varying the degree of protonation. J Mol Model 2016; 22:191. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Feng R, Yin H, Kong X. Structure of protonated tryptophan dimer in the gas phase investigated by IRPD spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30 Suppl 1:24-28. [PMID: 27539410 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONAL In addition to proton affinity (PA), side chains may also have an effect on the structures of amino acid complex ions in the gas phase. A previous study showed that the most stable isomer of Pro2 H(+) favored a salt-bridged structure. Tryptophan has a PA close to that of proline, but a quite different side chain. Thus, it will be interesting to discover whether the salt-bridged or charge-solvated conformation is energetically more favorable for Trp2 H(+) in the gas phase. METHODS The infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectrum of Trp2 H(+) was obtained using a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer equipped with a tunable OPO laser. The non-covalent cluster ions were generated by electrospray ionization. Structural optimization and frequency calculation of the selected isomers were performed at the M062X/6-311++G(d,p) level. RESULTS The experimental IRPD spectrum of Trp2 H(+) was reported in the region of 2700-3750 cm(-1) . Theoretical calculations show that the most stable isomer has a charge-solvated structure. Its energy was found to be 9 kcal/mol lower than that of the most stable salt-bridged isomer. The experimental spectrum is consistent with the predicted spectra of the most stable charge-solvated structures. Temperature effect on the stability of isomers was also evaluated and it was revealed that the contribution from salt-bridged isomers can be neglected at a temperature of 300 K. CONCLUSIONS Combining the method of IRPD spectroscopy with theoretical calculations, the structures of Trp2 H(+) were investigated. It is shown that the structures of Trp2 H(+) are dominated by charge-solvated forms. The results also indicate that the side chain may considerably affect the stability of the zwitterionic forms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxia Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xianglei Kong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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16
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Li QZ, Zheng JJ, He L, Nagase S, Zhao X. Stabilization of a Chlorinated #4348C66:C2v Cage by Encapsulating Monometal Species: Coordination between Metal and Double Hexagon-Condensed Pentalenes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7667-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Zhi Li
- Institute for Chemical
Physics and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key
Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zheng
- Institute for Chemical
Physics and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key
Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Ling He
- Institute for Chemical
Physics and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key
Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical
Physics and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key
Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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17
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Feng RX, Mu L, Yang SM, Kong XL. Structure of Pro 4 H + investigated by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Guan WJ, Zhao P, Li QZ, Nagase S, Ehara M, Zhao X. Sc3N@Cs(39715)–C82: a missing isomer linked to Sc3N@C2v(39718)–C82 by a single step Stone–Wales transformation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12774f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory combined with statistical mechanics calculations indicate that Sc3N@C2v(39718)–C82 and Sc3N@Cs(39715)–C82 linked by a single Stone–Wales transformation can be obtained at the fullerene formation temperature region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Guan
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Pei Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Qiao-Zhi Li
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
| | | | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
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19
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Zhao P, Guo YJ, Zhao RS, Zhao X. Sm@C1(153491)-C94: A missing isomer from Sm@C94 mono-metallofullerenes. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Yin H, Kong X. Structure of Protonated Threonine Dimers in the Gas Phase: Salt-Bridged or Charge-Solvated? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1455-1461. [PMID: 26111520 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For homodimers of amino acids, their salt-bridged structures are gradually stabilized as the proton affinity of the component amino acid increases. Threonine has a proton affinity value located in the middle of the list of 20 natural amino acids. Thus, identifying whether the most stable isomer of protonated threonine dimer (Thr(2)H(+)) has a charge-solvated or salt-bridged structure is important and helpful for understanding the structures of other homodimers. By combining infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, the structures of Thr(2)H(+) were investigated. Based on calculations at the M062X/6-311++G(d,p)//M062X/6-311++G(d,p) level, the most stable isomer of Thr(2)H(+) was computed to be a charge-solvated structure, with an energy 3.87 kcal/mol lower than the most stable salt-bridged isomer. The predicted infrared spectrum is in good agreement with the experimental spectrum. To evaluate the temperature effect on the distribution of different isomers, the relative concentrations of the six isomers of Thr(2)H(+) were calculated at different temperatures, according to their partition functions and enthalpies. The results show that the isomers are dominated by charge-solvated structures at a temperature of 300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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21
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Wang MQ, Zhou X, Tian WQ, Goddard JD. Electronic and optical properties of the five most stable C96 isomers. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Zhao YL, Zhou Q, Lian YF, Yu HT. Molecular structures of Pr@C72 and Pr@C72(C6H3Cl2): a combined experimental–theoretical investigation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17608e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbon-cage structure of the lowest-lying Pr@C72 and its dichlorophenyl-functionalized derivative is C2(10612)-C72.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- PR China
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- PR China
| | - Yong-fu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- PR China
| | - Hai-tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- PR China
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23
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Zheng H, Zhao X, He L, Wang WW, Nagase S. Quantum Chemical Determination of Novel C82 Monometallofullerenes Involving a Heterogeneous Group. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12911-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501911z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Ling He
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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24
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Zhao P, Yang T, Guo YJ, Dang JS, Zhao X, Nagase S. Dimetallic sulfide endohedral metallofullerene Sc2S@C76: density functional theory characterization. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:1657-63. [PMID: 24962983 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In terms of density functional theory combined with statistic mechanics computations, we investigated a dimetallic sulfide endohedral fullerene Sc2S@C76 which has been synthesized without any characterization in experiments. Our theoretical study reveals that Sc2S@Td(19151)-C76 which satisfies the isolated-pentagon rule (IPR) possesses the lowest energy, followed by three non-IPR structures (Sc2S@C2v(19138)-C76, Sc2S@Cs(17490)-C76, and Sc2S@C1(17459)-C76). To clarify the relative stabilities of those isomers at high temperatures, enthalpy-entropy interplay has been taken into consideration. Calculation results indicate that three species Sc2S@Td(19151)-C76, Sc2S@C2v(19138)-C76, and Sc2S@C1(17459)-C76 have noticeable molar fractions at the fullerene-formation temperature region (500-3000K), and the Sc2S@C1(17459)-C76 with one pentagon pair becomes the most predominant isomer above 1800 K, suggesting that the unexpected non-IPR structure is thermodynamically favorable at elevated temperatures. In addition, the structural characteristics, electron features, UV-vis-NIR adsorptions, and (13)C NMR spectra of those three stable structures are introduced to assist experimental identification and characterization in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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25
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Guo YJ, Yang T, Nagase S, Zhao X. Carbide Clusterfullerene Gd2C2@C92 vs Dimetallofullerene Gd2@C94: A Quantum Chemical Survey. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2012-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4022933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Guo
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
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26
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Slanina Z, Lee SL. Thermal Interchanges in the Relative Stabilities of the C60Ge Specles. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199400089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Slanina Z, Uhlík F, Lee SL, Adamowicz L, Akasaka T, Nagase S. Stability computations for isomers of La@C(n) (n = 72, 74, 76). Molecules 2012; 17:13146-56. [PMID: 23128092 PMCID: PMC6268938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171113146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Density-functional theory calculations are presented for low-energy La@C₇₂, La@C₇₄ and La@C₇₆ isomers with IPR (isolated pentagon rule) and non-IPR cages. The relative isomeric production yields at high temperatures are evaluated using the calculated terms, and the relationships to observations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Slanina
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Filip Uhlík
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Shyi-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung-Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62117, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ludwik Adamowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishihiraki-cho 34-4, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan; E-Mail:
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28
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Zheng H, Zhao X, Ren T, Wang WW. C₇₄ endohedral metallofullerenes violating the isolated pentagon rule: a density functional theory study. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:4530-4536. [PMID: 22695730 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30865g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Precise studies on M(2)@C(74) (M = Sc, La) series by means of DFT methods have disclosed that certain non-IPR isomers are more stable than the IPR structure. M(2)@C(2)(13295)-C(74) and M(2)@C(2)(13333)-C(74), both of which have two pentagon adjacencies (PA), present excellent thermodynamic stability with very small energy differences. Statistical mechanics calculations on the M(2)@C(74) series reveal that M(2)@C(2)(13295)-C(74) and M(2)@C(2)(13333)-C(74) are quite favoured by entropy effects below 3000 K. Sc(2)@C(74) and La(2)@C(74) series are found to have similar electronic transfer but different electronic structures due to the distinct properties of scandium and lanthanum elements according to Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis in conjunction with orbital interaction diagrams. Investigations of bonding energies reflect quite different influences of the two types of metal atoms to C(74) metallo-fullerenes. Further examinations on C(74) metallo-fullerenes uncover significant stabilization effects of metal atoms acting on PA fragments. Geometrical structures of certain non-IPR cages (from C(72) to C(76)), which exhibit splendid stabilities when encapsulating metallo-clusters, are found to be related by Stone-Wales transformation and C(2) addition. Furthermore, IR spectra and (13)C NMR spectra of M(2)@C(2)(13295)-C(74) and M(2)@C(2)(13333)-C(74) have been simulated to assist further experimental characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Physics and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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29
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Zheng H, Zhao X, Wang WW, Yang T, Nagase S. Sc2@C70 rather than Sc2C2@C68: Density functional theory characterization of metallofullerene Sc2C70. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:014308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4731343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Zheng J, Zhao X, Dang J, Chen Y, Xu Q, Wang W. Density functional theory characterization of lanthanum nitride endohedral fullerene: La3N@C92. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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33
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Mercado BQ, Chen N, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Mackey MA, Stevenson S, Echegoyen L, Poblet JM, Olmstead MM, Balch AL. The shape of the Sc2(μ2-S) unit trapped in C82: crystallographic, computational, and electrochemical studies of the isomers, Sc2(μ2-S)@C(s)(6)-C82 and Sc2(μ2-S)@C(3v)(8)-C82. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6752-60. [PMID: 21473581 DOI: 10.1021/ja200289w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(s)(6)-C(82)·Ni(II)(OEP)·2C(6)H(6) and Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(3v)(8)-C(82)·Ni(II)(OEP)·2C(6)H(6) reveal that both contain fully ordered fullerene cages. The crystallographic data for Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(s)(6)-C(82)·Ni(II)(OEP)·2C(6)H(6) show two remarkable features: the presence of two slightly different cage sites and a fully ordered molecule Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(s)(6)-C(82) in one of these sites. The Sc-S-Sc angles in Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(s)(6)-C(82) (113.84(3)°) and Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(3v)(8)-C(82) differ (97.34(13)°). This is the first case where the nature and structure of the fullerene cage isomer exerts a demonstrable effect on the geometry of the cluster contained within. Computational studies have shown that, among the nine isomers that follow the isolated pentagon rule for C(82), the cage stability changes markedly between 0 and 250 K, but the C(s)(6)-C(82) cage is preferred at temperatures ≥250 °C when using the energies obtained with the free encapsulated model (FEM). However, the C(3v)(8)-C(82) cage is preferred at temperatures ≥250 °C using the energies obtained by rigid rotor-harmonic oscillator (RRHO) approximation. These results corroborate the fact that both cages are observed and likely to trap the Sc(2)(μ(2)-S) cluster, whereas earlier FEM and RRHO calculations predicted only the C(s)(6)-C(82) cage is likely to trap the Sc(2)(μ(2)-O) cluster. We also compare the recently published electrochemistry of the sulfide-containing Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(s)(6)-C(82) to that of corresponding oxide-containing Sc(2)(μ(2)-O)@C(s)(6)-C(82).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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34
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Kurihara H, Lu X, Iiduka Y, Mizorogi N, Slanina Z, Tsuchiya T, Akasaka T, Nagase S. Sc2C2@C80 rather than Sc2@C82: templated formation of unexpected C2v(5)-C80 and temperature-dependent dynamic motion of internal Sc2C2 cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2382-5. [PMID: 21291213 DOI: 10.1021/ja1107723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unambiguous X-ray crystallographic results of the carbene adduct of Sc(2)C(82) reveal a new carbide cluster metallofullerene with the unexpected C(2v)(5)-C(80) cage, that is, Sc(2)C(2)@C(2v)(5)-C(80). More interestingly, DFT calculations and NMR results disclose that the dynamic motion of the internal Sc(2)C(2) cluster depends strongly on temperature. At 293 K, the cluster is fixed inside the cage with two nonequivalent Sc atoms on the mirror plane, thereby leading to C(s) symmetry of the whole molecule. However, when the temperature increases to 413 K, the (13)C and (45)Sc NMR spectra show that the cluster rotates rapidly inside the C(2v)(5)-C(80) cage, featuring two equivalent Sc atoms and weaker metal-cage interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kurihara
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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35
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Mercado BQ, Stuart MA, Mackey MA, Pickens JE, Confait BS, Stevenson S, Easterling ML, Valencia R, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM, Olmstead MM, Balch AL. Sc2(mu2-O) trapped in a fullerene cage: the isolation and structural characterization of Sc2(mu2-O)@C(s)6-C82 and the relevance of the thermal and entropic effects in fullerene isomer selection. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12098-105. [PMID: 20698534 DOI: 10.1021/ja104902e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The new endohedral fullerene, Sc(2)(mu(2)-O)@C(s)(6)-C(82), has been isolated from the carbon soot obtained by electric arc generation of fullerenes utilizing graphite rods doped with 90% Sc(2)O(3) and 10% Cu (w/w). Sc(2)(mu(2)-O)@C(s)(6)-C(82) has been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, and UV/vis spectroscopy. Computational studies have shown that, among the nine isomers that follow the isolated pentagon rule (IPR) for C(82), cage 6 with C(s) symmetry is the most favorable to encapsulate the cluster at T > 1200 K. Sc(2)(mu(2)-O)@C(s)(6)-C(82) is the first example in which the relevance of the thermal and entropic contributions to the stability of the fullerene isomer has been clearly confirmed through the characterization of the X-ray crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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36
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An J, Gan LH, Zhao JQ, Li R. A global search for the lowest energy isomer of C(26). J Chem Phys 2010; 132:154304. [PMID: 20423178 DOI: 10.1063/1.3364801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete set of 2333 isomers of C(26) fullerene composed of square, pentagonal, hexagonal, and heptagonal faces together with some noncage structures is investigated at the Hartree-Fock and density functional theory (DFT) levels. For the singlet states, a nonclassical isomer C(26)-10-01 with a square embedded is predicted by the DFT method as the lowest energy isomer, followed by the sole classical isomer C(26)-00-01. Further explorations reveal that the electronic ground state of C(26)-10-01 is triplet state in C(s) symmetry, while that of C(26)-00-01 corresponds to its quintet in D(3h) symmetry. Both the total energies and nucleus independent chemical shift values at DFT level favor the classical isomer. It is found that both C(26)-00-01 and C(26)-10-01 possess high vertical electron affinity. The addition of electron(s) to C(26)-10-01 increases its aromatic character and encapsulation of Li atom into this cage is highly exothermic, indicating that it may be captured in the form of derivatives. To clarify the relative stabilities at elevated temperatures, the entropy contributions are taken into account based on the Gibbs free energy at the B3LYP/6-311+G( *) level. C(26)-10-01 behaves thermodynamically more stable than the classical isomer over a wide range of temperatures related to fullerene formation. The IR spectra of these two lowest energy isomers are simulated to facilitate their experimental identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, 400715 China
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Slanina Z, Uhlík F, Lee SL, Adamowicz L, Nagase S. Computations of production yields for Ba@C74 and Yb@C74. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020601001929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Slanina
- Department of Theoretical Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
| | - Filip Uhlík
- School of Science, Charles University, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Shyi-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung-Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 62117, Taiwan
| | - Ludwik Adamowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0041, USA
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Department of Theoretical Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
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Tang SW, Sun LL, Sun H, Feng JD, Wang RS, Chang YF, Hao LZ. Search for the most stable Ca@C44 isomer: structural stability and electronic property investigations. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:124705. [PMID: 19334870 DOI: 10.1063/1.3100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulated by the mass spectroscopic observation of the metallofullerene Ca@C(44), we have performed a systematic investigation to search for the most stable isomer using HF/3-21G approximately LanL2DZ, HF/6-31+G(d), B3LYP/6-31+G(d), and MP2/6-31+G(d)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d) methods. The Ca@C(44) (D(2):53) isomer with eight adjacent pentagons in the fullerene framework is predicted to possess the lowest energy. The thermodynamics stability explorations of Ca@C(44) isomers at different temperatures show that Ca@C(44) (D(2):53) is the most thermodynamically stable in the temperature range of absolute zero to 4000 K. The encapsulation of Ca atom in C(44) fullerene is exothermic, and the electronic structure of Ca@C(44) (D(2):53) can be described formally as Ca(2+)@C(44) (2-). Further analysis on the frontier molecular orbitals and density of states of Ca@C(44) (D(2):53) suggests that both highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital are carbonlike with low Ca character, and the carbon cage possesses high chemical activity. In addition, the vibrational spectrum of Ca@C(44) (D(2):53) has been simulated and analyzed to gain an insight into the metal-cage vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Tang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China
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Cui YH, Tian WQ, Feng JK, Chen DL. Structures, stabilities, electronic, and optical properties of C64fullerene isomers, anions (C642− and C644−), metallofullerene Sc2@C64, and Sc2C2@C64. J Comput Chem 2008; 29:2623-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Chen DL, Tian WQ, Feng JK, Sun CC. C68 Fullerene Isomers, Anions, and their Metallofullerenes: Charge-Stabilizing Different Isomers. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:454-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Chen DL, Tian WQ, Feng JK, Sun CC. Theoretical investigation of C56 fullerene isomers and related compounds. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:044318. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2821022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Slanina Z, Uhlík F, Lee SL, Adamowicz L, Nagase S. Computational screening of metallofullerenes for nanoscience: Sr@C74. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020701832173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Cui YH, Chen DL, Tian WQ, Feng JK. Structures, Stabilities, and Electronic and Optical Properties of C62 Fullerene Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:7933-9. [PMID: 17629257 DOI: 10.1021/jp072768c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 2385 classical isomers and four nonclassical isomers of fullerene C62 have been studied by PM3, HCTH/3-21G//SVWN/STO-3G, B3LYP/6-31G(d)//HCTH/3-21G, and B3LYP/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-31G(d). The Cs:7mbr isomer, with a chain of four adjacent pentagons surrounding a heptagon, is predicted to be the most stable isomer, followed by C2v:4mbr which is 3.15 kcal/mol higher in energy. C2:0032 with three pairs of adjacent pentagons is the most stable isomer in the classical framework. To clarify the relative stabilities of C62 isomers at high temperatures, the entropy contributions are taken into account on the basis of the Gibbs energy at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. Analyses reveal that Cs:7mbr prevails in a wide temperature range. The vibrational frequencies of the five most stable C62 fullerene isomers are also predicted at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level, and the simulated IR spectra show important differences in positions and intensities of the vibrational modes for different isomers. The nucleus-independent chemical shift and the density of states of the three most stable isomers show that the square in C2v:4mbr and the adjacent pentagons in Cs:7mbr and C2:0032 possess high chemical reactivity. In addition, the electronic spectra and second-order hyperpolarizabilities are determined by means of ZINDO and the sum-over-states mode. The intensity-dependent refractive index gamma(-omega; omega, omega, -omega) at omega = 2.3305 eV of Cs:7mbr is very large because of resonance with the external field. The second-order hyperpolarizabilities of the five most stable isomers of C62 are predicted to be larger than those of C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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45
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Slanina Z, Uhlík F, Nagase S. Computational evaluation of the relative production yields in the X@C74 series (X=Ca, Sr, Ba). Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Chen DL, Tian WQ, Feng JK, Sun CC. Structures, Stabilities, and Electronic and Optical Properties of C58 Fullerene Isomers, Ions, and Metallofullerenes. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1029-36. [PMID: 17351988 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The 1205 classical isomers of fullerene C58, as well as one quasi-fullerene C58 isomer with a heptagonal ring (labeled as Cs:hept) have been investigated by the quantum chemical methods PM3, HCTH/3-21G, and B3LYP/6-31G(d). Isomer C3v:0001, which has the lowest number of adjacent pentagons, is predicted to be the most stable isomer, but the quasi-fullerene isomer Cs:hept is only 2.50 kcal mol-1 higher in energy. Systematic investigations of the electronic properties of C3v:0001 and Cs:hept find that the C3v:0001 isomer has high vertical electron affinity (3.19 eV). The nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) value at the center of Cs:hept (-5.1 ppm) is more negative than that of C60 (-2.8 ppm). The NICS value at the center of the heptagonal ring in Cs:hept (-2.5 ppm) indicates weakly aromatic character. In contrast, the C58(6-) and C58(8-) ions of the C3v:0001 and Cs:hept geometries possess large aromatic character, with NICS values between -14.0 and -26.2 ppm. To clarify the thermodynamic stabilities of C58 isomers at different temperatures, the entropy contributions are taken into account on the basis of the Gibbs energy at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The C3v:0001 isomer prevails in a wide range of temperatures, and the Cs:hept isomer is also an important component around 2800 K. The IR spectra of C58 isomers are simulated to facilitate experimental identification of different isomers. In addition, the electronic spectra and the second-order hyperpolarizabilities are predicted by ZINDO and the sum-over-states model. The static second-order hyperpolarizability of the C3v:0001 isomer is 96.5 % larger than that of C60, and its second-order hyperpolarizabilities at external field frequencies are at least nine times larger than those of C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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Chen DL, Tian WQ, Feng JK, Sun CC. Structures, stabilities, and electronic and optical properties of C52 fullerene, ions, and metallofullerenes. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:074313. [PMID: 17328611 DOI: 10.1063/1.2646979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 437 classical isomers of fullerene C52 have been studied by PM3, HCTH/3-21G, and B3LYP6-31G(d). C(2):029 with the least number of adjacent pentagons is predicted to be the most stable isomer. The investigations show that both the number of adjacent pentagons and the degree of aromaticity play important roles in the relative stabilities of fullerene isomers. To clarify the relative stabilities of the C52 isomers in a wide range of temperatures, the entropy contributions are taken into account on the basis of the Gibbs energy at the B3LYP6-31G(d) level. C(2):029 prevails in a wide temperature range. In addition, the electronic spectra and second-order hyperpolarizabilities are determined by means of ZINDO and sum-over-states model. The static second-order hyperpolarizability of C(2):029 is 51% larger than that of C60. Furthermore, intensity-dependent refractive index gamma (-omega;omega,omega,-omega) (omega=1.1653 eV) of C(2):029 is 13 times larger than that of C60. The encapsulation of Ca atom in C52 fullerene is exothermic and the metallofullerene Ca-C52 is described as Ca2+-C52(2-).
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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Slanina Z, Uhlík F, Nagase S. Computed Structures of Two Known Yb@C74 Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:12860-3. [PMID: 17125301 DOI: 10.1021/jp062730k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Six isomers of Yb@C74 are considered, namely one cage with isolated pentagons, three isomers with a pentagon-pentagon junction, two structures with one pentagon-pentagon pair, and one heptagon. The computations based on the Gibbs energy point out the endohedral derived from the only C74 cage with the isolated pentagons and from a cage with one pentagon-pentagon junction as the major and minor observed isomer, respectively. Temperatures giving the best agreement with the experimental production ratio are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenĕk Slanina
- Department of Theoretical Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan.
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