1
|
Lewandowska-Wosik A, Chudzińska EM, Wojnicka-Półtorak A. Genotoxic effects of sub-lethal doses of nicotine and acetamiprid in neuroblasts of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila suzukii. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116585. [PMID: 38875821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids form a class of insecticides that are chemically related to nicotine and are widely used in crop protection. They have adverse effects on the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). One of the neonicotinoids approved for control of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii is acetamiprid. Despite concerns regarding its genotoxicity and data indicating the presence of small amounts of this substance in fruits intended for consumption, effects of its low doses on nerve cells are yet to be investigated. To determine whether the neurotoxic effects are species-specific and vary depending on the insecticide present in diet, multigenerational cultures of Drosophila melanogaster and D. suzukii were prepared, in this study, in media supplemented with different concentrations (below the LC50) of acetamiprid and nicotine. Acetamiprid, analogous to nicotine, caused damage to the DNA of neuroblasts in both species, at sublethal concentrations, along with a decrease in mobility, which remained at a similar level over subsequent generations. D. suzukii was found to be more sensitive to nicotine and acetamiprid, due to which the genotoxic effects were stronger even at lower doses of toxins. The results collectively indicated that even low concentrations of acetamiprid affect the stem cells of developing fly brain, and that long-term response to the tested insecticides is species-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anetta Lewandowska-Wosik
- Department of Genetic, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan 61-614, Poland.
| | - Ewa Małgorzata Chudzińska
- Department of Genetic, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wojnicka-Półtorak
- Department of Genetic, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Calabrese EJ, Selby PB. Comet assay and hormesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122929. [PMID: 37979647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The paper provides the first assessment of the occurrence of hormetic dose responses using the Comet assay, a genotoxic assay. Using a priori evaluative criteria based on the Hormetic Database on peer-reviewed comet assay experimental findings, numerous examples of hormetic dose responses were obtained. These responses occurred in a large and diverse range of cell types and for agents from a broad range of chemical classes. Limited attempts were made to estimate the frequency of hormesis within comet assay experimental studies using a priori entry and evaluative criteria, with results suggesting a frequency in the 40% range. These findings are important as they show that a wide range of genotoxic chemicals display evidence that is strongly suggestive of hormetic dose responses. These findings have significant implications for study design issues, including the number of doses selected, dose range and spacing. Likewise, the widespread occurrence of hormetic dose responses in this genotoxic assay has important risk assessment implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Paul B Selby
- Retired from Oak Ridge National Laboratory at Oak Ridge, TN. Home Address: 4088 Nottinghill Gate Road, Upper Arlington, OH, 43220, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Velázquez-Ulloa NA, Heres-Pulido ME, Santos-Cruz LF, Durán-Díaz A, Castañeda-Partida L, Browning A, Carmona-Alvarado C, Estrada-Guzmán JC, Ferderer G, Garfias M, Gómez-Loza B, Magaña-Acosta MJ, Perry HH, Dueñas-García IE. Complex interactions between nicotine and resveratrol in the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09744. [PMID: 35770151 PMCID: PMC9234589 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine (NIC) and resveratrol (RES) are chemicals in tobacco and wine, respectively, that are widely consumed concurrently worldwide. NIC is an alkaloid known to be toxic, addictive and to produce oxidative stress, while RES is thought of as an antioxidant with putative health benefits. Oxidative stress can induce genotoxic damage, yet few studies have examined whether NIC is genotoxic in vivo. In vitro studies have shown that RES can ameliorate deleterious effects of NIC. However, RES has been reported to have both antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects, and an in vivo study reported that 0.011 mM RES was genotoxic. We used the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test to determine whether NIC and RES, first individually and then in combination, were genotoxic and/or altered the cell division. We hypothesized that RES would modulate NIC’s effects. NIC was genotoxic in the standard (ST) cross in a concentration-independent manner, but not genotoxic in the high bioactivation (HB) cross. RES was not genotoxic in either the ST or HB cross at the concentrations tested. We discovered a complex interaction between NIC and RES. Depending on concentration, RES was protective of NIC’s genotoxic damage, RES had no interaction with NIC, or RES had an additive or synergistic effect, increasing NIC’s genotoxic damage. Most NIC, RES, and NIC/RES combinations tested altered the cell division in the ST and HB crosses. Because we used the ST and HB crosses, we demonstrated that genotoxicity and cell division alterations were modulated by the xenobiotic metabolism. These results provide evidence of NIC’s genotoxicity in vivo at specific concentrations. Moreover, NIC’s genotoxicity can be modulated by its interaction with RES in a complex manner, in which their interaction can lead to either increasing NIC’s damage or protecting against it. Nicotine was genotoxic at specific concentrations in the Drosophila wing spot test. Resveratrol protected against nicotine’s genotoxic effects at some concentrations. Resveratrol increased nicotine’s genotoxicity at specific concentrations. Nicotine and resveratrol have a complex interaction in vivo. Studying chemicals in combination in vivo may uncover unexpected interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M E Heres-Pulido
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L F Santos-Cruz
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - A Durán-Díaz
- Mathematics, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L Castañeda-Partida
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - A Browning
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C Carmona-Alvarado
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J C Estrada-Guzmán
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - G Ferderer
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M Garfias
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA.,Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - B Gómez-Loza
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - M J Magaña-Acosta
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico.,Department of Developmental Genetics & Molecular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av Universidad, 2001, Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - H H Perry
- Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - I E Dueñas-García
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Los Barrios N 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dalberto D, Nicolau CC, Garcia ALH, Nordin AP, Grivicich I, Silva JD. Cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of cotinine using human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190123. [PMID: 32478795 PMCID: PMC7271658 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotinine is the main metabolite of nicotine, which is metabolized in the liver
through a cytochrome P450 enzyme. Different studies point to genetic instability
caused by nicotine, such as single and double DNA strand breaks and micronuclei
formation, but little is known about the effect of cotinine. Therefore, the
present in vitro study assessed the effects of cotinine on cell
viability and DNA damage in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, as well as genotoxicity
related to oxidative stress mechanisms. Comparisons with nicotine were also
performed. An alkaline comet assay modified by repair endonucleases (FPG, OGG1,
and Endo III) was used to detect oxidized nucleobases. SH-SY5Y neuronal cells
were cultured under standard conditions and exposed for 3 h to different
concentrations of cotinine and nicotine. Cytotoxicity was observed at higher
doses of cotinine and nicotine in the MTT assay. In the trypan blue assay, cells
showed viability above 80% for both compounds. Alkaline comet assay results
demonstrated a significant increase in damage index and frequency for cells
treated with cotinine and nicotine, presenting genotoxicity. The results of the
enzyme-modified comet assay suggest a DNA oxidative damage induced by nicotine.
Unlike other studies, our results demonstrated genotoxicity induced by both
cotinine and nicotine. The similar effects observed for these two pyridine
alkaloids may be due to the similarity of their structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Dalberto
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cardoso Nicolau
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Leticia Hilario Garcia
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Feevale, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriane Perachi Nordin
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, , Laboratório de Biologia de Cancer, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - PPGBioSaúde, Laboratório de Toxicologia Genética, Canoas, RS, Brazil.,Universidade La Salle, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tripathi P, Alshahrani S, Alhazmi HA, Tripathi R, Siddiqui AH, Ahsan W, Al Bratty M. In vivo assessment of genotoxic potential of brown shammah (smokeless tobacco) in bone marrow cells of mice. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:480-486. [PMID: 32273808 PMCID: PMC7132595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the genotoxicity of brown shammah (BS), a local form of smokeless tobacco, popular in Middle East countries including Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Sudan. The genotoxicity was explored using in vivo chromosomal aberration (CA), micronucleus (MN) and sperm abnormality (SA) assays. In addition, oxidative stress was also determined using various hepatic markers. Swiss albino mice were selected for the study, which were divided in to 5 groups of six animals each. They include, negative control (NC, received only vehicle) as well as positive control group (PC, received vehicle for 2 weeks followed by administration of cyclophosphamide, CP). Depending upon their dose, three BS treated animal groups were BS-100, 300 and 900 mg/kg. Doses of BS were obtained by suspending BS in 0.5% CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose) and orally administered once a day for 2 weeks. Significant augmentation of the average percentage of aberrant metaphase (AM), CA per cells and suppressed mitotic activity was observed on post administration of BS. In addition, BS increased the occurrence of MNPCEs (micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes) formation, induced cytotoxicity and increased percentage of abnormal sperms as compared to NC. Moreover, BS also induced oxidative stress as the activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were reduced and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were increased by BS. Cyclophosphamide was utilized as clastogen, showed anticipated positive results and confirmed the sensitivity of test system. Therefore, it may be deduced from the study that the BS possesses genotoxic effects on mice bone marrow and germ cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rina Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Hakeem Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scanlan LD, Coskun SH, Jaruga P, Hanna SK, Sims CM, Almeida JL, Catoe D, Coskun E, Golan R, Dizdaroglu M, Nelson BC. Measurement of Oxidatively Induced DNA Damage in Caenorhabditis elegans with High-Salt DNA Extraction and Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12149-12155. [PMID: 31454479 PMCID: PMC6996937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is used extensively as a medical and toxicological model organism. However, little is known about background levels of oxidatively induced DNA damage in the nematode or how culturing methods affect DNA damage levels. The tough C. elegans cuticle makes it challenging to extract genomic DNA without harsh procedures that can artifactually increase DNA damage. Therefore, a mild extraction protocol based on enzymatic digestion of the C. elegans cuticle with high-salt phase-separation of DNA has been developed and optimized. This method allows for efficient extraction of >50 μg DNA using a minimum of 250000 nematodes grown in liquid culture. The extracted DNA exhibited acceptable RNA levels (<10% contamination), functionality in polymerase chain reaction assays, and reproducible DNA fragmentation. Gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with isotope-dilution measured lower lesion levels in high-salt extracts than in phenol extracts. Phenolic extraction produced a statistically significant increase in 8-hydroxyguanine, a known artifact, and additional artifactual increases in 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine, 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine, and 8-hydroxyadenine. The high-salt DNA extraction procedure utilizes green solvents and reagents and minimizes artifactual DNA damage, making it more suitable for molecular and toxicological studies in C. elegans. This is, to our knowledge, the first use of GC-MS/MS to measure multiple 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides in a toxicologically important terrestrial organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leona D. Scanlan
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sanem Hosbas Coskun
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Shannon K. Hanna
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Christopher M. Sims
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jamie L. Almeida
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - David Catoe
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Rachel Golan
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ng LF, Ng LT, van Breugel M, Halliwell B, Gruber J. Mitochondrial DNA Damage Does Not Determine C. elegans Lifespan. Front Genet 2019; 10:311. [PMID: 31031801 PMCID: PMC6473201 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (mFRTA) proposes that accumulation of oxidative damage to macromolecules in mitochondria is a causative mechanism for aging. Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage may be of particular interest in this context. While there is evidence for age-dependent accumulation of mtDNA damage, there have been only a limited number of investigations into mtDNA damage as a determinant of longevity. This lack of quantitative data regarding mtDNA damage is predominantly due to a lack of reliable assays to measure mtDNA damage. Here, we report adaptation of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay for the detection of sequence-specific mtDNA damage in C. elegans and apply this method to investigate the role of mtDNA damage in the aging of nematodes. We compare damage levels in old and young animals and also between wild-type animals and long-lived mutant strains or strains with modifications in ROS detoxification or production rates. We confirm an age-dependent increase in mtDNA damage levels in C. elegans but found that there is no simple relationship between mtDNA damage and lifespan. MtDNA damage levels were high in some mutants with long lifespan (and vice versa). We next investigated mtDNA damage, lifespan and healthspan effects in nematode subjected to exogenously elevated damage (UV- or γ-radiation induced). We, again, observed a complex relationship between damage and lifespan in such animals. Despite causing a significant elevation in mtDNA damage, γ-radiation did not shorten the lifespan of nematodes at any of the doses tested. When mtDNA damage levels were elevated significantly using UV-radiation, nematodes did suffer from shorter lifespan at the higher end of exposure tested. However, surprisingly, we also found hormetic lifespan and healthspan benefits in nematodes treated with intermediate doses of UV-radiation, despite the fact that mtDNA damage in these animals was also significantly elevated. Our results suggest that within a wide physiological range, the level of mtDNA damage does not control lifespan in C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fang Ng
- Ageing Research Laboratory, Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Theng Ng
- Ageing Research Laboratory, Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- Environmental Science Laboratory, Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Ageing Research Laboratory, Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang S, Chen H, Wang A, Liu Y, Hou H, Hu Q. Genotoxicity analysis of five particle matter toxicants from cigarette smoke based on γH2AX assay combined with Hill/Two-component model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 58:131-140. [PMID: 29329021 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the genotoxic characteristics of typical toxicants in particle phase of cigarette smoke, including B[a]P, nicotine, tar, NNN and NNK. The in vitro γH2AX assay was used to detect the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in A549 cells using high content screening (HCS). The results showed all toxicants had a dose/time-dependent effects on induction of γH2AX except for NNN and NNK. Based on dose-response of γH2AX and Hill model, the ability to induce DSBs was evaluated: NNN-acetate > B[a]P > NNK-acetate > tar > nicotine. Based on time-course of γH2AX and two-component model, the complex DNA damage was the main subtypes of DNA damage induced by these toxicants. Overall, all toxicants were genotoxic in A549 cells in a dose- or time- dependent manner except for NNN and NNK based on the γH2AX HCS assay. NNN-acetate had more potential to induce DSBs, which was followed by B[a]P, NNK-acetate, tar and nicotine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230088, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - An Wang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230088, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230088, PR China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sobkowiak R, Zielezinski A, Karlowski WM, Lesicki A. Nicotine affects protein complex rearrangement in Caenorhabditis elegans cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 40:470-483. [PMID: 28049353 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1264411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine may affect cell function by rearranging protein complexes. We aimed to determine nicotine-induced alterations of protein complexes in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) cells, thereby revealing links between nicotine exposure and protein complex modulation. We compared the proteomic alterations induced by low and high nicotine concentrations (0.01 mM and 1 mM) with the control (no nicotine) in vivo by using mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques, specifically the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) discontinuous gel electrophoresis coupled with liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS and spectral counting. As a result, we identified dozens of C. elegans proteins that are present exclusively or in higher abundance in either nicotine-treated or untreated worms. Based on these results, we report a possible network that captures the key protein components of nicotine-induced protein complexes and speculate how the different protein modules relate to their distinct physiological roles. Using functional annotation of detected proteins, we hypothesize that the identified complexes can modulate the energy metabolism and level of oxidative stress. These proteins can also be involved in modulation of gene expression and may be crucial in Alzheimer's disease. The findings reported in our study reveal putative intracellular interactions of many proteins with the cytoskeleton and may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) signaling and trafficking in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sobkowiak
- a Department of Cell Biology , Adam Mickiewicz University , Poznań , Poland and
| | - Andrzej Zielezinski
- b Department of Computational Biology , Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University , Poznań , Poland
| | - Wojciech M Karlowski
- b Department of Computational Biology , Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University , Poznań , Poland
| | - Andrzej Lesicki
- a Department of Cell Biology , Adam Mickiewicz University , Poznań , Poland and
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dupont P, Benyamina A, Aubin HJ. Sécurité d’emploi de la nicotine au long cours : le débat n’est pas clos. Rev Mal Respir 2016; 33:892-898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
11
|
Imanikia S, Galea F, Nagy E, Phillips DH, Stürzenbaum SR, Arlt VM. The application of the comet assay to assess the genotoxicity of environmental pollutants in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:356-61. [PMID: 27389785 PMCID: PMC4962771 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a protocol for cell dissociation from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to assess the genotoxicity of the environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) using the alkaline version of the single cell electrophoresis assay (comet assay). BaP genotoxicity was assessed in C. elegans (wild-type [WT]; N2, Bristol) after 48h exposure (0-40μM). Induction of comets by BaP was concentration-dependent up to 20μM; comet% tail DNA was ∼30% at 20μM BaP and ∼10% in controls. Similarly, BaP-induced DNA damage was evaluated in C. elegans mutant strains deficient in DNA repair. In xpa-1 and apn-1 mutants BaP-induced comet formation was diminished to WT background levels suggesting that the damage formed by BaP that is detected in the comet assay is not recognised in cells deficient in nucleotide and base excision repair, respectively. In summary, our study provides a protocol to evaluate DNA damage of environmental pollutants in whole nematodes using the comet assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Imanikia
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Galea
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eszter Nagy
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David H Phillips
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Stürzenbaum
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park S, Choi S, Ahn B. DNA Strand Breaks in Mitotic Germ Cells of Caenorhabditis elegans Evaluated by Comet Assay. Mol Cells 2016; 39:204-10. [PMID: 26903030 PMCID: PMC4794602 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage responses are important for the maintenance of genome stability and the survival of organisms. Such responses are activated in the presence of DNA damage and lead to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA repair. In Caenorhabditis elegans, double-strand breaks induced by DNA damaging agents have been detected indirectly by antibodies against DSB recognizing proteins. In this study we used a comet assay to detect DNA strand breaks and to measure the elimination of DNA strand breaks in mitotic germline nuclei of C. elegans. We found that C. elegans brc-1 mutants were more sensitive to ionizing radiation and camptothecin than the N2 wild-type strain and repaired DNA strand breaks less efficiently than N2. This study is the first demonstration of direct measurement of DNA strand breaks in mitotic germline nuclei of C. elegans. This newly developed assay can be applied to detect DNA strand breaks in different C. elegans mutants that are sensitive to DNA damaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Park
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610,
Korea
| | - Seoyun Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610,
Korea
| | - Byungchan Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wright SL, Rowe D, Reid MJ, Thomas KV, Galloway TS. Bioaccumulation and biological effects of cigarette litter in marine worms. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14119. [PMID: 26369692 PMCID: PMC4569891 DOI: 10.1038/srep14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine debris is a global environmental issue. Smoked cigarette filters are the predominant coastal litter item; 4.5 trillion are littered annually, presenting a source of bioplastic microfibres (cellulose acetate) and harmful toxicants to marine environments. Despite the human health risks associated with smoking, little is known of the hazards cigarette filters present to marine life. Here we studied the impacts of smoked cigarette filter toxicants and microfibres on the polychaete worm Hediste diversicolor (ragworm), a widespread inhabitant of coastal sediments. Ragworms exposed to smoked cigarette filter toxicants in seawater at concentrations 60 fold lower than those reported for urban run-off exhibited significantly longer burrowing times, >30% weight loss, and >2-fold increase in DNA damage compared to ragworms maintained in control conditions. In contrast, ragworms exposed to smoked cigarette filter microfibres in marine sediment showed no significant effects. Bioconcentration factors for nicotine were 500 fold higher from seawater than from sediment. Our results illustrate the vulnerability of organisms in the water column to smoking debris and associated toxicants, and highlight the risks posed by smoked cigarette filter debris to aquatic life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Wright
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Darren Rowe
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Malcolm J. Reid
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin V. Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tamara S. Galloway
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kunst LR, Garcia MV, Machado AK, Barbisan F, Silveira AFD. Sistema olivococlear medial e genotoxicidade em escolares de região fumicultora. REVISTA CEFAC 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-021620147313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
15
|
Ginzkey C, Steussloff G, Koehler C, Hackenberg S, Richter E, Hagen R, Kleinsasser NH. Nicotine causes genotoxic damage but is not metabolized during long-term exposure of human nasal miniorgan cultures. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:303-10. [PMID: 24983901 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human nasal miniorgan cultures (MOC) are a useful tool in ecogenotoxicology. Repetitive exposure to nicotine showed reversible DNA damage, and stable CYP2A6 expression was demonstrated in nasal MOC in previous investigations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of nicotine in nasal MOC after chronic nicotine exposure, and to monitor possible metabolism capacities. MOC were dissected from human nasal mucosa and cultured under standard cell culture conditions. MOC were exposed to nicotine for 3 weeks at concentrations of 1 μM and 1 mM. The concentrations were chosen based on nicotine plasma levels in heavy smokers, and possible concentrations used in topical application of nicotine nasal spray. DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay at days 7, 14 and 21. Concentrations of nicotine and cotinine were analyzed in cell culture medium by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to determine a possible metabolism of nicotine by MOC. Distinct DNA damage in MOC could be demonstrated after 1 week of exposure to 1 μM and 1 mM nicotine. This effect decreased after 2 and 3 weeks with no statistically relevant DNA migration. No nicotine metabolism could be detected by changes in nicotine and cotinine concentrations in the supernatants. This is the first time genotoxic effects have been evaluated in nasal MOC after chronic nicotine exposure for up to 3 weeks. Genotoxic effects were present after 1 week of culture with a decrease over time. Down-regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are expressed in nasal mucosa, may be a possible explanation. The lack of nicotine metabolism in this model could be explained by the functional loss of CYP2A6 during chronic nicotine exposure. Further investigations are necessary to provide a more detailed description of the underlying mechanisms involved in DNA damage by nicotine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ginzkey
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Gudrun Steussloff
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Koehler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Richter
- Walther Straub Institute, Department of Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 26, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hagen
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert H Kleinsasser
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sobkowiak R, Musidlak J, Lesicki A. In vitrogenoprotective and genotoxic effect of nicotine on human leukocytes evaluated by the comet assay. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:322-8. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.851693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
17
|
Ginzkey C, Friehs G, Koehler C, Hackenberg S, Hagen R, Kleinsasser NH. Assessment of nicotine-induced DNA damage in a genotoxicological test battery. Mutat Res 2012. [PMID: 23200805 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of the tobacco-alkaloid nicotine in tumour biology is widely discussed in the literature. Due to a strong capacity to induce angiogenesis, a pro-mutagenic potential in non-tumour and cancer cells, and a pro- and anti-apoptotic influence, nicotine seems to promote the growth of established tumours. However, results indicating DNA damage and genetic instability associated with nicotine have been contradictory thus far. A variety of markers and endpoints of genotoxicity are required to characterize the genotoxic potential of nicotine. Induction of DNA single- and double-strand breaks, the formation of micronuclei, and the induction of sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberrations represent possible genotoxicological endpoints at different cellular levels. Human lymphocytes were exposed to nicotine concentrations between 1μM and 1mM for 24h in vitro. The comet assay, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test, the chromosome aberration (CA) test, and the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test were then applied. Viability and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry in combination with the annexin V-propidium iodide staining test. In this test setting, no enhanced DNA migration was measured by the comet assay. An increase in the micronucleus frequency was detected at a concentration of 100μM nicotine without affecting the frequency of apoptotic cells. A distinct genotoxic effect was determined by the CA test and the SCE test, with a significant increase in CA and SCE at a concentration of 1μM. In the annexin V test, nicotine did not influence the proportion of apoptotic or necrotic cells. The current data indicating the induction of CA by nicotine underscore the necessity of ongoing investigations on the potential of nicotine to initiate mutagenesis and tumour promotion. Taking into account the physiological nicotine plasma levels in smokers or in nicotine-replacement therapy, particularly the long-term use of nicotine should be critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ginzkey
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Basu S, Priya R, Singh TB, Srivastava P, Mishra PK, Shukla VK. Role of nicotine in gallbladder carcinoma: a preliminary report. J Dig Dis 2012; 13:536-40. [PMID: 22988927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2012.00623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of nicotine in gallbladder carcinoma and its association with the stage and degree of cancer differentiation. METHODS Tissue samples from gallbladder were obtained from 20 patients with gallbladder cancer and 20 age- and gender-matched patients with cholelithiasis who served as the control group. Gallbladder tissue (2 g) was extracted and analyzed for nicotine content using capillary gas chromatography. Nitrogen was used as the carrier gas. Standard curves of nicotine in methanol were made by injecting the internal standards. RESULTS A significantly higher tissue nicotine concentration was observed in the gallbladder carcinoma group than that in the control group (179.63 ng/mg vs 6.00 ng/mg, P < 0.001). The stage and degree of cancer differentiation did not seem to affect the nicotine levels. Gallbladder tissue contained a significantly higher nicotine concentration in smokers with cancer compared with those in the control group (1570.00 ng/mg vs 232.25 ng/mg, P < 0.001). Interestingly, non-smokers in cancer group also had a higher nicotine concentration than the control group (161.50 ng/mg vs 4.00 ng/mg, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Nicotine is selectively concentrated in malignant gallbladder tissue irrespective of smoking status, showing its strong association with gallbladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somprakas Basu
- Department of Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Caito S, Fretham S, Martinez-Finley E, Chakraborty S, Avila D, Chen P, Aschner M. Genome-Wide Analyses of Metal Responsive Genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Genet 2012; 3:52. [PMID: 22514555 PMCID: PMC3322339 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals are major contaminants that influence human health. Many metals have physiologic roles, but excessive levels can be harmful. Advances in technology have made toxicogenomic analyses possible to characterize the effects of metal exposure on the entire genome. Much of what is known about cellular responses to metals has come from mammalian systems; however the use of non-mammalian species is gaining wider attention. Caenorhabditis elegans is a small round worm whose genome has been fully sequenced and its development from egg to adult is well characterized. It is an attractive model for high throughput screens due to its short lifespan, ease of genetic mutability, low cost, and high homology with humans. Research performed in C. elegans has led to insights in apoptosis, gene expression, and neurodegeneration, all of which can be altered by metal exposure. Additionally, by using worms one can potentially study mechanisms that underline differential responses to metals in nematodes and humans, allowing for identification of novel pathways and therapeutic targets. In this review, toxicogenomic studies performed in C. elegans exposed to various metals will be discussed, highlighting how this non-mammalian system can be utilized to study cellular processes and pathways induced by metals. Recent work focusing on neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease will be discussed as an example of the usefulness of genetic screens in C. elegans and the novel findings that can be produced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Caito
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pediatric Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sobkowiak R, Kowalski M, Lesicki A. Concentration- and time-dependent behavioral changes in Caenorhabditis elegans after exposure to nicotine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:365-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
21
|
Zhang S, Banerjee D, Kuhn JR. Isolation and culture of larval cells from C. elegans. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19505. [PMID: 21559335 PMCID: PMC3084877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell culture is an essential tool to study cell function. In C. elegans the ability to isolate and culture cells has been limited to embryonically derived cells. However, cells or blastomeres isolated from mixed stage embryos terminally differentiate within 24 hours of culture, thus precluding post-embryonic stage cell culture. We have developed an efficient and technically simple method for large-scale isolation and primary culture of larval-stage cells. We have optimized the treatment to maximize cell number and minimize cell death for each of the four larval stages. We obtained up to 7.8×10(4) cells per microliter of packed larvae, and up to 97% of adherent cells isolated by this method were viable for at least 16 hours. Cultured larval cells showed stage-specific increases in both cell size and multinuclearity and expressed lineage- and cell type-specific reporters. The majority (81%) of larval cells isolated by our method were muscle cells that exhibited stage-specific phenotypes. L1 muscle cells developed 1 to 2 wide cytoplasmic processes, while L4 muscle cells developed 4 to 14 processes of various thicknesses. L4 muscle cells developed bands of myosin heavy chain A thick filaments at the cell center and spontaneously contracted ex vivo. Neurons constituted less than 10% of the isolated cells and the majority of neurons developed one or more long, microtubule-rich protrusions that terminated in actin-rich growth cones. In addition to cells such as muscle and neuron that are high abundance in vivo, we were also able to isolate M-lineage cells that constitute less than 0.2% of cells in vivo. Our novel method of cell isolation extends C. elegans cell culture to larval developmental stages, and allows use of the wealth of cell culture tools, such as cell sorting, electrophysiology, co-culture, and high-resolution imaging of subcellular dynamics, in investigation of post-embryonic development and physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Diya Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nersesyan A, Muradyan R, Kundi M, Knasmueller S. Impact of smoking on the frequencies of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in exfoliated oral cells: a comparative study with different cigarette types. Mutagenesis 2010; 26:295-301. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|