1
|
Vashist SK, Lam E, Hrapovic S, Male KB, Luong JHT. Immobilization of Antibodies and Enzymes on 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane-Functionalized Bioanalytical Platforms for Biosensors and Diagnostics. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11083-130. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Vashist
- HSG-IMIT - Institut für Mikro- und Informationstechnik, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edmond Lam
- National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | | | - Keith B. Male
- National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - John H. T. Luong
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Department of Chemistry and Analytical, Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Development of the In Situ Modification of 1st Generation Analytical Scale Silica Monoliths. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
3
|
El Kadib A, Katir N, Finiels A, Castel A, Marcotte N, Molvinger K, Biolley C, Gaveau P, Bousmina M, Brunel D. Mesostructured fatty acid-tethered silicas: sustaining the order by co-templating with bulky precursors. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:1591-602. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31835k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
4
|
Pacheco DM, Johnson J, Koros WJ. Aminosilane-Functionalized Cellulosic Polymer for Increased Carbon Dioxide Sorption. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie2020685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Pacheco
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - J.R. Johnson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - William J. Koros
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Keunchkarian S, Padró JM, Gotta J, Nardillo AM, Castells CB. Synthesis and evaluation of a chiral stationary phase based on quinine: enantioresolution of dinitrophenyl derivatives of α-amino acids. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3660-8. [PMID: 21531421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The natural alkaloid quinine (QN) was immobilized on porous silica particles, and part of the material was subsequently endcapped with n-hexyl hydrocarbon chains. Two synthetic strategies for silanization of the support were first compared. These columns were thoroughly evaluated in order to study the influence of endcapping in the enantiorecognition features. Enantioseparations of twenty N-derivatized 2,4-dinitrophenyl α-amino acids (DNP-amino acids) were studied by changing mobile phase pH, buffer concentration, type of organic solvent in the mobile phase, and column temperature. Maximum retention factors were observed at pH ≈6, at this intermediate pH the tertiary amine of the quinine is protonated to a high degree and therefore available for strong electrostatic interactions with unprotonated anionic DNP-amino acids. The enantioselectivity factors, however, increased as the pH did in the range between 5 and 7. The increase in ionic strength had influence on retention, but not on enantioselectivity, allowing the use of this variable for optimization of retention factors. Finally, the thermodynamic transfer parameters of the enantiomers from the mobile to both CSPs (with and without endcapping, QN-CSP(EC) and QN-CSP, respectively) were estimated from van't Hoff plots within the range of 10-40 °C. Thus, the differences in the transfer enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), and transfer entropy, Δ(ΔS°), enabled an investigation of the origin of the differences in interaction energies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Keunchkarian
- Laboratorio de Separaciones Analíticas, División Química Analítica, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CIDEPINT, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang P, Chen J, Jia L. N-methylimidazolium-functionalized monolithic silica column for mixed-mode chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3459-65. [PMID: 21497821 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of mixed-mode stationary phase to achieve multiple separation capabilities in one column is very important for high performance liquid chromatography. In this paper, a new specific stationary phase based on grafting N-methylimidazolium to a monolithic silica column was successfully prepared for performing capillary liquid chromatography. The characteristics of the column were evaluated by the separation of different types of compounds including inorganic anions, aromatic acids, nucleotides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylbenzenes, and phenols. The mechanisms for the separation of these compounds were investigated and appeared to involve the mixed interactions including anion-exchange, hydrophilic, π-π, dipole-dipole, and hydrophobic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lassiaz S, Galarneau A, Trens P, Labarre D, Mutin H, Brunel D. Organo-lined alumina surface from covalent attachment of alkylphosphonate chains in aqueous solution. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00762h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
8
|
Etienne M, Goubert-Renaudin S, Rousselin Y, Marichal C, Denat F, Lebeau B, Walcarius A. Multiarm cyclam-grafted mesoporous silica: a strategy to improve the chemical stability of silica materials functionalized with amine ligands. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:3137-3145. [PMID: 19437717 DOI: 10.1021/la8032379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have explored in this work the stability and the reactivity of multiarm cyclam-grafted mesoporous silica samples in aqueous solution. A series of hybrid materials have been prepared by grafting silylated cyclam molecules bearing one, two, or four silyl groups onto both amorphous silica gel (K60) and ordered mesoporous silica (SBA15). Under these conditions, cyclam moieties are attached to the silica walls via one, two, or four arms. Various physicochemical techniques have been applied to characterize the functionalized solids (elemental analysis, 1H-29Si and 1H-13C CPMAS NMR, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms). The interest in two and four arms for improving the chemical stability in solution, by comparison with the system displaying only one arm, has been demonstrated by using a set of complementary experiments involving pH measurements and silicon determination with ICP-AES. Then, the investigation of their protonation and binding properties toward copper(II) has revealed a significant decrease in the reactivity of these hybrids as a consequence of multiarm tethering. A comparison of amorphous and ordered materials has permitted us to point out the influence of mesostructuration on the reactivity of these functionalized solids, especially from a kinetic point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Etienne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, UMR 7564, CNRS-Nancy-University, 405, rue de Vandoeuvre, F-54600 Villers-les-Nancy, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Statistical optimization of the silylation reaction of a mercaptosilane with silanol groups on the surface of silica gel. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3473-9. [PMID: 19185309 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-modified silica is often used as an intermediate product for further synthesis of modified stationary phases for chromatography or purification processes. Different conditions were used to synthesize such thiol-modified particles, but systematic optimizations remained scarce. In this study the reaction conditions for the synthesis of mercaptopropyl-modified silica were optimized. The general synthetic method consists in slurrying the silica gel in toluene before adding 3-mercaptopropyldimethoxymethylsilane together with a tertiary amine as catalyst (here dimethylaminopyridine). Reaction time and temperature were optimized using a full factorial design of experiment (DoE) from 3 to 25h with temperature varying between 45 and 105 degrees C. The surface coverage of the silica with mercaptopropyl-groups was analyzed by two different ways (elemental analysis and chemical surface reaction with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide followed by HPLC-UV analysis of stoichiometrically liberated pyridyl-2-thione). We obtained a three-dimensional (3D) plot of the surface coverage as a function of reaction time and temperature. The arch-shaped hyperplane allowed us to determine an optimum with regard to time and temperature, which yields to the highest surface coverage possible. We also verified that the increase of the surface coverage does not lead to a decrease of the stability of the surface modification by subjecting the gels to treatment with high temperature and acidic conditions. The stability was monitored by different chromatographic methods. Moreover, (29)Si cross-polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR spectra of materials prepared by different conditions allowed to confirm that the Si species on the surface were essentially the same, while there was only a minute difference in signal intensities for the individual Si species for materials obtained by distinct temperatures.
Collapse
|
10
|
Asenath Smith E, Chen W. How to prevent the loss of surface functionality derived from aminosilanes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:12405-9. [PMID: 18834166 PMCID: PMC2661566 DOI: 10.1021/la802234x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aminosilanes are common coupling agents used to functionalize silica surfaces. A major problem in applications of 3-aminopropylsilane-functionalized silica surfaces in aqueous media was encountered: the loss of covalently attached silane layers upon exposure to water at 40 degrees C. This is attributed to siloxane bond hydrolysis catalyzed by the amine functionality. To address the issue of loss of surface functionality and to find conditions where hydrolytically stable amine-functionalized surfaces can be prepared, silanization with different types of aminosilanes was carried out. Hydrolytic stability of the resulting silane-derived layers was examined as a function of reaction conditions and the structural features of the aminosilanes. Silane layers prepared in anhydrous toluene at elevated temperature are denser and exhibit greater hydrolytic stability than those prepared in the vapor phase at elevated temperature or in toluene at room temperature. Extensive loss of surface functionality was observed in all 3-aminopropylalkoxysilane-derived layers, independent of the number and the nature of the alkoxy groups. The hydrolytic stability of aminosilane monolayers derived from N-(6-aminohexyl)aminomethyltriethoxysilane (AHAMTES) indicates that the amine-catalyzed detachment can be minimized by controlling the length of the alkyl linker in aminosilanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Chen
- ; Tel: 413-538-2224; Fax: 413-538-2327
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kailasam K, Müller K. Physico-chemical characterization of MCM-41 silica spheres made by the pseudomorphic route and grafted with octadecyl chains. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1191:125-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
12
|
Scully NM, Healy LO, O’Mahony T, Glennon JD, Dietrich B, Albert K. Effect of silane reagent functionality for fluorinated alkyl and phenyl silica bonded stationary phases prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1191:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Sharma KK, Anan A, Buckley RP, Ouellette W, Asefa T. Toward Efficient Nanoporous Catalysts: Controlling Site-Isolation and Concentration of Grafted Catalytic Sites on Nanoporous Materials with Solvents and Colorimetric Elucidation of Their Site-Isolation. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 130:218-28. [DOI: 10.1021/ja074128t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244
| | - Abhishek Anan
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244
| | - Robert P. Buckley
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244
| | - Wayne Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244
| | - Tewodros Asefa
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bottoli CBG, Silva CR, Collins KE, Collins CH. Adsorption/Immobilization of Poly(Methyloctylsiloxane) on Silanized Silicas. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120027613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla B. G. Bottoli
- a LABCROM—Laboratório de Pesquisas em Cromatografia Líquida , Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Caixa Postal 6154, 13084‐971 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - César R. Silva
- a LABCROM—Laboratório de Pesquisas em Cromatografia Líquida , Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Caixa Postal 6154, 13084‐971 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Kenneth E. Collins
- a LABCROM—Laboratório de Pesquisas em Cromatografia Líquida , Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Caixa Postal 6154, 13084‐971 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Carol H. Collins
- a LABCROM—Laboratório de Pesquisas em Cromatografia Líquida , Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Caixa Postal 6154, 13084‐971 , Campinas , SP , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wei X, Husson SM. Surface-Grafted, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Grown from Silica Gel for Chromatographic Separations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0606284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xin
- a Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing, 100080, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Rui
- a Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing, 100080, P. R. China
| | - Liu Guoquan
- b Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing, 100080, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Silva RB, Silva CR, Airoldi C, Collins CH, Jardim ICS. Preparation and characterization of a new HPLC C18 reversed phase containing thiocarbamate groups. Microchem J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2006.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
18
|
Qiu H, Jiang S, Liu X. N-Methylimidazolium anion-exchange stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1103:265-70. [PMID: 16325829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the preparation of a new anion-exchange phase based on N-methylimidazolium immobilized on silica is described. HPLC separations of common inorganic anions, including an iodate, chloride, bromide, nitrate, iodide, and thiocyanate, were performed using a HPLC column (200 x 4.6mm I.D.) packed with the said phase, and phosphate buffer solution and acetate buffer solution as the mobile phases respectively, with UV detection at 200 nm. The effects of pH and the concentration of the eluent on the separation of anions were studied. With the efficiency and resolution of the column calculated, the results showed that this new phase can be used in the analysis of these in organic anions with great prospects. At the same time, successful separations of some organic anions, amines and nucleotides have also been obtained respectively using this new phase. The phase displayed a main strong anion-exchange mechanism and a coexistent reverse-phase interaction, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongdeng Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Auler LMLA, Silva CR, Collins KE, Collins CH. New stationary phase for anion-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1073:147-53. [PMID: 15909516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the preparation of an anion-exchange phase based on silica, using a two-step modification process. First, 10 microm Davisil silica particles were silanized with chloropropyltrimethoxysilane to yield chloropropyl silica. The modified silica was then reacted with pyridine to produce positively charged propylpyridinium groups on the surface, the anion-exchange sites. The phase was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and infrared and solid state 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopies. HPLC separations of common inorganic anions, including chloride, nitrite, bromide and nitrate, were performed using 150 x 3.9 HPLC columns packed with the phase, using a phthalate buffer solution as mobile phase with non-suppressed conductivity detection. Efficiency and resolution were calculated and the results show that the new phase has significant promise for the analysis of these anions in environmental samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia M L A Auler
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear/Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN), Caixa Postal 941, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang H, Annich GM, Miskulin J, Stankiewicz K, Osterholzer K, Merz SI, Bartlett RH, Meyerhoff ME. Nitric oxide-releasing fumed silica particles: synthesis, characterization, and biomedical application. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:5015-24. [PMID: 12708851 DOI: 10.1021/ja0291538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The preparation, characterization, and preliminary biomedical application of various nitric oxide (NO)-releasing fumed silica particles (0.2-0.3 microm) are reported. The tiny NO-releasing particles are synthesized by first tethering alkylamines onto the surface of the silica using amine-containing silylation reagents. These amine groups are then converted to corresponding N-diazeniumdiolate groups via reaction with NO(g) at high pressure in the presence of methoxide bases (e.g., NaOMe). N-Diazeniumdiolate groups were found to form more readily with secondary amino nitrogens than primary amino nitrogens tethered to the silica. Different alkali metal cations of the methoxide bases, however, have little effect on the degree of N-diazeniumdiolate formation. The N-diazeniumdiolate moieties attached on the silica surface undergo a primarily proton-driven dissociation to NO under physiological conditions, with an "apparent" reaction order somewhat greater than 1 owing to local increases in pH at the surface of the particles as free amine groups are generated. The rates of N-diazeniumdiolate dissociation are further related to the parent amine structures and the pH of the soaking buffer. The N-diazeniumdiolate groups also undergo slow thermal dissociation to NO, with zero-order dissociation observed at both -15 and 23 degrees C. It is further shown that the resulting NO-releasing fumed silica particles can be embedded into polymer films to create coatings that are thromboresistant, via the release of NO at fluxes that mimic healthy endothelial cells (EC). For example a polyurethane coating containing 20 wt % of NO-releasing particles prepared with pendant hexane diamine structure (i.e., Sil-2N[6]-N(2)O(2)Na) is shown to exhibit improved surface thromboresistivity (compared to controls) when used to coat the inner walls of extracorporeal circuits (ECC) employed in a rabbit model for extracorporeal blood circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Silva CR, Jardim ICSF, Airoldi C. New generation of sterically protected C18 stationary phases containing embedded urea groups for use in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2003; 987:127-38. [PMID: 12613805 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New monofunctional C18 urea stationary phases with sterically protecting dimethyl and diisopropyl groups were prepared by a single step modification process. ProntoSil spherical silica (3 microm) was chemically modified with the monofunctional ethoxysilanes, [(3-octadecylurea)propyl]dimethyl and [(3-octadecylurea)propyl]diisopropyl ethoxysilanes. The phases were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and solid-state 29Si and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Chromatographic characterizations of the new phases in 50x3.9 mm HPLC columns were performed by the separation of two different test mixtures, containing nonpolar, polar and highly basic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Ricardo Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schwinn D, Glatz H, Bannwarth W. Multistep Parallel Synthesis of Quinazoline-2,4-diones by a Fluorous Biphasic Concept without Perfluorinated Solvents. Helv Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200390010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
23
|
Brunel D, Blanc AC, Galarneau A, Fajula F. New trends in the design of supported catalysts on mesoporous silicas and their applications in fine chemicals. Catal Today 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(01)00507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Heckel A, Seebach D. Preparation and characterization of TADDOLs immobilized on hydrophobic controlled-pore-glass silica gel and their use in enantioselective heterogeneous catalysis. Chemistry 2002; 8:559-72. [PMID: 11855704 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20020201)8:3<559::aid-chem559>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Highly porous silica gel (controlled-pore glass, CPG, ca. 300 m2 g(-1)) with covalently attached TADDOLs (loading 0.3-0.4 mmol g(-1)) and Me3Si-hydrophobized surface has been prepared: First, mercaptopropyl groups were attached to the silica gel by treatment with (mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane; then the SH groups were trityl-protected, and the remaining accessible SiOH groups hydrophobized by silylation (heating with Me3Si-imidazole); after deprotection, the SH groups were used as nucleophiles for benzylation with TADDOLs carrying a 4-bromomethyl-phenyl group in the 2-position of their dioxolane rings; alternatively, the SH groups have been benzylated with the 4-bromomethyl-benzaldehyde acetal of diethyltartrate, and the diarylmethanol moieties of the TADDOLs created on the solid support by addition of excess phenyl, or 1- or 2-naphthyl magnesium bromide. Each step of the immobilizing procedure was carefully monitored and analyzed (Ellman's test, methyl-red test), and resulting materials characterized by electron microscopy, DRIFT spectroscopy (IR), 13C- and 29Si NMR solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The immobilized TADDOLs were titanated to give (iPrO)2Ti-, Cl2Ti-, or (TosO)2Ti-TADDOLates which were used for catalyzing the additions of Et2Zn or Bu2Zn to PhCHO and of diphenyl nitrone to 3-crotonoyl-oxazolidinone. The following findings are remarkable: i) The enantioselectivities and conversions of the reactions mediated by the CPG-immobilized Ti-TADDOLates match those observed under standard homogeneous conditions. ii) If and when the rates and/or the enantioselectivities of reactions have dropped after several applications of the same catalyst batch, washing with aqueous HCl/acetone and reloading with titanate leads to full restoration of its performance. iii) There is no detectable loss of the hydrophobizing Me3Si groups after nine acidic washes! iv) There is a seasoning of the catalyst material in the Cl2Ti-TADDOLate-mediated [3+2] cycloaddition of diphenylnitrone: Initially it is necessary to use 0.5 equivalents of the immobilized catalyst to match the performance of the homogeneous catalyst; after three runs the reaction rate, enantio- and diastereoselectivity have dropped considerably; acidic washing after each subsequent run completely restores the performance; after a total of seven runs the amount of catalyst can be reduced to 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1 equivalents in the following runs, with identical good results!
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heckel
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule Zürich, ETH Hönggerberg, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Buchmeiser MR. New synthetic ways for the preparation of high-performance liquid chromatography supports. J Chromatogr A 2001; 918:233-66. [PMID: 11407572 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The latest developments and in particular important synthetic aspects for the preparation of modern HPLC supports are reviewed. In this context, the chemistry of inorganic supports based on silica, zirconia, titania or aluminum oxide as well as of organic supports based on poly(styrene-divinylbenzene), acrylates, methacrylates and other, more specialized polymers is covered. Special consideration is given to modern approaches such as sol-gel technology, molecular imprinting, perfusion chromatography, the preparation of monolithic separation media as well as to organic HPLC supports prepared by new polymer technologies such as ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Synthetic particularities relevant for the corresponding applications are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Buchmeiser
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Noncovalent linking of a chiral selector to unmodified silica gel through amine functional groups. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
28
|
Yang A, Li T. Oxidative Cleavage of Carbon−Silicon Bond as a New Method To Characterize Bonded Stationary Phases on Silica Gel. Anal Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9801871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anle Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Box 1822-B, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Tingyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Box 1822-B, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Buszewski B, Jezierska M, Wełniak M, Berek D. Survey and Trends in the Preparation of Chemically Bonded Silica Phases for Liquid Chromatographic Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19980501)21:5<267::aid-jhrc267>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
30
|
Leboda R, Tertykh V, Sidorchuk V, Skubiszewska-Ziȩba J. Peculiarities of steam-phase hydrothermal modification of pyrogenic silicium dioxide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(97)00258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
31
|
Comparative studies of chromatographic properties of silica-based amide-bonded phases under hydro–organic conditions. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
32
|
Blaser HU, Jalett HP, Müller M, Studer M. Enantioselective hydrogenation of α-ketoesters using cinchona modified platinum catalysts and related systems: A review. Catal Today 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(97)00026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
33
|
Jaroniec CP, Gilpin RK, Jaroniec M. Adsorption and Thermogravimetric Studies of Silica-Based Amide Bonded Phases. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp964002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. P. Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R. K. Gilpin
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - M. Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gemeay A. Catalytic activity of silica gel surface modified by transition metal-aminosilane complexes in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(96)03555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
35
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Werner G. Kuhr
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yamauchi S, Hanai T, Suzuki J, Ito M, Sano Y, Shibata R, Kinoshita T, Yaginuma M, Kadowaki K, Takahashi Y. Development of protamine-bonded phase for separation of saccharides in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1996; 737:149-56. [PMID: 8673255 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(96)00012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A protamine-bonded polymer gel was synthesized by passing this protein through an activated carbamate polyamine polymer gel layer. This new packing material was suitable for versatile separation of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols and uronic acids in liquid chromatography. The column packed with this gel could be operated at room temperature and gave excellent recovery for the reducing monosaccharides such as 2-deoxyribose, 2-deoxyglucose, ribose and mannose for which the conventional alkylamine-bonded phase column gave poor recovery. This column was used for the analysis of saccharides in urine using a post-column reaction detection system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Yamauchi
- Central Research Laboratory, SS Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Chapter 9 Modification with silicon compounds: mechanistic studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(06)81517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
39
|
Cauvel A, Brunel D, Di Renzo F, Moreau P, Fajula F. Functionalization of Y zeolites with organosilane reagents. STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(06)81234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
40
|
Preparation and characterization of bonded stationary phases of nitrogen-containing crown ether for high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)00336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Yu J, el Rassi Z. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography with microspherical octadecyl-zirconia bonded stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 1993; 631:91-106. [PMID: 8450024 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microspherical zirconia particles were synthesized and surface modified with octadecylsilane compounds for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Monomeric and "polymeric" octadecyl-zirconia bonded stationary phases were obtained by reacting the support with octadecyldimethylchlorosilane or octadecyltrichlorosilane, respectively. The surface coverage of the zirconia-based stationary phases with octadecyl functions was approximately the same as that of octadecyl-silica sorbents. These phases were evaluated in terms of reversed-phase chromatographic properties with non-polar, slightly polar and ionic species over a wide range of mobile phase composition and pH. Monomeric octadecyl-zirconia with end-capping exhibited some metallic interactions with both basic and acidic solutes, but these interactions were greatly reduced in the presence of competing agents (e.g., tartrate ions) in the mobile phase. The "polymeric" octadecyl-zirconia sorbents exhibited higher retention than the monomeric ones with the various solutes investigated, and their residual absorptivities toward acidic solutes were much lower. The retention of non-polar and slightly polar aromatic compounds was quasi-homoenergetic on both types of octadecyl-zirconia stationary phases. Stability studies conducted at extreme pH conditions (pH 2.0 and pH 12.0), have shown that "polymeric" octadecyl-zirconia sorbents are more stable than their monomeric counterparts. These stationary phases were quite useful in the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylbenzene and phenyl alkylalcohol homologous series, oligosaccharides, dansyl-amino acids, peptides and proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078-0447
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kallury K, Cheung M, Ghaemmaghami V, Krull U, Thompson M. Silanization of oxidized silicon and aluminum surfaces with functionalized silanes with characterization by wettability, ellipsometry, XPS and quartz crystal microbalance studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-6622(92)80062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
44
|
Larena A, De La Orden M, Urreaga J. Thermal and fourier transform-infrared study of E-glass short-fiber functionalization with methylvinyldichlorosilane and vinyltrichlorosilane. J Colloid Interface Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(92)90388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
45
|
Huhn G, Schwedt G, M�ller H. Polymer coated cation exchanger in ion chromatography: preparation, properties and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00321854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
46
|
Vandenberg ET, Bertilsson L, Liedberg B, Uvdal K, Erlandsson R, Elwing H, Lundström I. Structure of 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane on silicon oxide. J Colloid Interface Sci 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(91)90139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
47
|
Julliard M, Legris C, Chanon M. Supported redox photosensitizers for the activation of alkylaromatics towards oxygen. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(91)85082-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
48
|
Larena A, Urreaga J, De La Orden M. Thermal and FTIR study of E-glass short fiber functionalization with chloromethyldimethylchlorosilane. J Colloid Interface Sci 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(91)90038-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
49
|
Müller S, Scheidegger D, Haber C, Simon W. Fast separations with open tubular ion exchange capillary columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240140307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
50
|
Buszewski B, Lodkowski R. Isolation and Determination of Sugars inNicotiana TabacumOn Aminopropyl Chemically Bonded Phase Using SPE and HPLC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/01483919108049312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|