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Baillargeon D, Greenblatt M, Côté M, Nadeau M, Couture CY, Hould FS, Bouvet-Bouchard L, Tchernof A, Biertho L. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Bariatric Surgery Patients. Obes Surg 2023; 33:2132-2138. [PMID: 37202576 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the rate of histology-proven Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and to identify risk factors for HP infection. METHODS In a retrospective analysis, patients who underwent bariatric surgery with gastric resection in a single hospital between January 2004 and January 2019 were analyzed. For each patient, a surgical specimen was submitted for anatomopathological examination and analyzed for gastritis or other anomalies. When gastritis was present, HP infection was confirmed by the identification of curvilinear bacilli in conventional histology or by specific immunohistochemical detection of HP antigen. RESULTS A total of 6388 specimens were available for review (4365 women, 2023 men) with a mean age of 44.9 ± 11.2 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 49.3 ± 8.2 kg/m2. Histology-proven HP infection rate was 6.3% (n = 405). There was no significant difference in sex, BMI, and body weight between HP + and HP - patients. Logistic regressions identified age as a risk factor for HP infection in this population (OR 1.02, p < 0.0001, CI 95% 1.01-1.03 for every 1-year increase, OR 1.26, p < 0.0001, CI 95% 1.14-1.40 for every 10-year increase). CONCLUSIONS The rate of histology-proven HP infection is low in patients with severe obesity who present for bariatric surgery and is associated with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baillargeon
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie Et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Matthew Greenblatt
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie Et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Marianne Côté
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie Et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté Des Sciences de L'agriculture Et de L'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Nadeau
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie Et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Christian-Yves Couture
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie Et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Université Laval, Biochimie Médicale Et Pathologie, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric-Simon Hould
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie Et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Léonie Bouvet-Bouchard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie Et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie Et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté Des Sciences de L'agriculture Et de L'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Biertho
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie Et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada.
- Département de Chirurgie, Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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2
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Mandal SK, Rath SK, Logesh R, Mishra SK, Devkota HP, Das N. Capsicum annuum L. and its bioactive constituents: A critical review of a traditional culinary spice in terms of its modern pharmacological potentials with toxicological issues. Phytother Res 2023; 37:965-1002. [PMID: 36255140 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Capsicum annuum L., commonly known as chili pepper, is used as an important spice globally and as a crude drug in many traditional medicine systems. The fruits of C. annuum have been used as a tonic, antiseptic, and stimulating agent, to treat dyspepsia, appetites, and flatulence, and to improve digestion and circulation. The article aims to critically review the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of C. annuum and its major compounds. Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and some carotenoids are reported as the major active compounds with several pharmacological potentials especially as anticancer and cardioprotectant. The anticancer effect of capsaicinoids is mainly mediated through mechanisms involving the interaction of Ca2+ -dependent activation of the MAPK pathway, suppression of NOX-dependent reactive oxygen species generation, and p53-mediated activation of mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer cells. Similarly, the cardioprotective effects of capsaicinoids are mediated through their interaction with cellular transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel, and restoration of calcitonin gene-related peptide via Ca2+ -dependent release of neuropeptides and suppression of bradykinin. In conclusion, this comprehensive review presents detailed information about the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of major bioactive principles of C. annuum with special emphasis on anticancer, cardioprotective effects, and plausible toxic adversities along with food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and AHS, Durgapur, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Rath
- School of Pharmaceuticals and Population Health Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Rajan Logesh
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty, India
| | | | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Ramthakur College, Agartala, India
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3
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Ribaldone DG, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Actis GC. Modulation of the gut microbiota: opportunities and regulatory aspects. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2023; 69:128-140. [PMID: 35179341 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.03152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The human gut is an intensively colonized organ containing microorganisms that can be health-promoting or pathogenic. This feature led to the development of functional foods aiming to fortify the former category at the expense of the latter. Since long, cultured products, including probiotics fortification, have been used for humans as live microbial feed additions. This review presents some of the microbes used as probiotics and discusses how supplementation with probiotics may help initiate and/or restore eubiotic composition of gut microbiota. Additionally, it considers safety and regulatory aspects of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
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4
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Kwak JH, Eun CS, Han DS, Kim YS, Song KS, Choi BY, Kim HJ. Association between soy products, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products and gastric cancer risk in Helicobacter pylori-infected subjects: a case-control study in Korea. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:122-134. [PMID: 36777798 PMCID: PMC9884584 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Consumption of certain protective foods may help inhibit Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) associated gastric pathologies. However, studies conducted to assess the efficacy of protective foods in H. pylori-infected subjects are either limited or inconsistent. This study evaluated the association of individual or a combination of protective foods on the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) in H. pylori-positive subjects through a case-control study. MATERIALS/METHODS Subjects aged 20-79 years were selected from 2 hospitals between December 2002 and September 2006. In total, 134 patients and 212 controls tested positive for H. pylori infection. Among these, we included 82 pairs of cases and controls matched by sex, age (± 5 years), enrollment period (± 1 years), and hospital. RESULTS A higher intake of soy products was associated with a significantly lower risk of GC than a lower intake of soy products (odds ratio [OR] = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14-0.96). Additionally, a higher fruit intake resulted in a significantly lower risk of GC than a lower fruit intake (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13-0.94). A combination of food groups was evaluated, and a lower risk of GC was observed with a high intake of both soy products and fruits (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.06-0.67), high intake of soy and dairy products (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10-0.78) and high intake of fruits and dairy products (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.09-0.83). CONCLUSIONS A high intake of soy products or fruits was associated with a lower risk of GC. A combination of soy products or fruits with dairy products was associated with a lower risk of GC. A balanced intake of soy products, fruits, and dairy products may help reduce GC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
| | - Chang Soo Eun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Functional Genomics Institute, PDXen Biosystems Co., Daejeon 34129, Korea
| | - Kyu Sang Song
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hyun Ja Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
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5
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Kim SH, Moon JY, Lim YJ. Dietary Intervention for Preventing Colorectal Cancer: A Practical Guide for Physicians. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:139-146. [PMID: 36258718 PMCID: PMC9537579 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.3.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with high prevalence and mortality. Estimated preventability for CRC is approximately 50%, indicating that altering modifiable factors, including diet and body weight, can reduce CRC risk. There is strong evidence that dietary factors including whole grains, high-fiber, red and processed meat, and alcohol can affect the risk of CRC. An alternative strategy for preventing CRC is use of a chemopreventive supplement that provides higher individual exposure to nutrients than what can be obtained from the diet. These include calcium, vitamin D, folate, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phytochemicals. Several intervention trials have shown that these dietary chemopreventives have positive protective effects on development and progression CRC. Research on chemoprevention with phytochemicals that possess anti-inflammatory and/or, anti-oxidative properties is still in the preclinical phase. Intentional weight loss by bariatric surgery has not been effective in decreasing long-term CRC risk. Physicians should perform dietary education for patients who are at high risk of cancer for changing their dietary habits and behaviour. An increased understanding of the role of individual nutrients linked to the intestinal micro-environment and stages of carcinogenesis would facilitate the development of the best nutritional formulations for preventing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea,Correspondence to Yun Jeong Lim, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3279-332X
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6
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He J, Fu H, Li C, Deng Z, Chang H. Association between Vitamin B 12 and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3263-3273. [PMID: 35538710 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2074062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies focusing on the association between vitamin B12 and gastric cancer risk reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship. PubMed (Medline), Web of science and EMBASE databases were systematically searched. A total of nine studies involving 3,494 cases of with gastric cancer and 611,638 participants were included. The result showed that there is no significant association between vitamin B12 intake and the risk of gastric cancer (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.69-1.12, P = 0.303). Nevertheless, high intake of vitamin B12 might decrease the risk of gastric cancer in Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-negative people (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.62-0.99, P = 0.044), but increase the cancer risk in Hp-positive populations (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.27-2.16, P = 10-4). Additionally, further analysis indicated that excessive vitamin B12 might increase the risk of non-cardia gastric cancer (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.33, P = 0.006). A negative association between vitamin B12 intake and gastric cancer risk was found in nonsmokers (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71-0.96, P = 0.012) but not in smokers (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.71-1.47, P = 0.619). In conclusion, although we found no convincing evidence that vitamin B12 intake is associated with the risk of gastric cancer, it is important to maintain the relative stability of vitamin B12 for people with Hp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo He
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cancan Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Chang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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7
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Nunna S, Huang YP, Rasa M, Krepelova A, Annunziata F, Adam L, Käppel S, Hsu MH, Neri F. Characterization of Novel α-Mangostin and Paeonol Derivatives With Cancer-Selective Cytotoxicity. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:257-270. [PMID: 34789561 PMCID: PMC9398122 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
α-Mangostin (aMan) and Paeonol (Pae) have shown anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, these two natural compounds have no clinical value because of their low solubility and low membrane permeability. In this study, we screened chemically synthesized derivatives from these two natural compounds as potential novel chemicals that increase cancer cell cytotoxicity over nontransformed human cells. We found that two derivative compounds, named α-Mangostin-1 (aMan1) and Paeonol-1 (Pae1) more efficiently and more specifically induced cytotoxicity in HCT116, HT29, and SW48 colorectal cancer cell lines than the parental compounds. Both aMan1 and Pae1 arrested HCT116 cells in the G1 phase and HT29 and SW48 cells in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle. Both aMan1 and Pae1 induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells, through a caspase-dependent mechanism. aMan1 and Pae1 induced selective transcriptional responses in colorectal cancer cells involving genes related to metabolic stress and DNA damage response signaling pathways. Finally, experiments on primary colon organoids showed that both derivatives were able to kill cancer-derived organoids without affecting the viability of organoids derived from healthy tissue, where the parental compounds and the currently used chemotherapeutic drug irinotecan failed. In conclusion, our findings expand the knowledge of natural compound derivatives as anticancer agents and open new avenues of research in the derivation of lead compounds aimed at developing novel chemotherapeutic drugs for colorectal cancer treatment that selectively target cancer, but not healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneetha Nunna
- Leibniz-Institute on Ageing - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ying-Pei Huang
- Leibniz-Institute on Ageing - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.,Nuclear Science & Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mahdi Rasa
- Leibniz-Institute on Ageing - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Krepelova
- Leibniz-Institute on Ageing - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Adam
- Leibniz-Institute on Ageing - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Käppel
- Leibniz-Institute on Ageing - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ming-Hua Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical and Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz-Institute on Ageing - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.,Corresponding Author: Francesco Neri, Epigenetics group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, 07745, Germany. E-mail:
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8
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Park JM, Han YM, Oh JY, Lee DY, Choi SH, Kim SJ, Hahm KB. Fermented kimchi rejuvenated precancerous atrophic gastritis via mitigating Helicobacter pylori-associated endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 69:158-170. [PMID: 34616108 PMCID: PMC8482386 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intervention to prevent Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-gastric cancer might be ideal by long-term intervention, rejuvenating action, and no risk of bacterial resistance. Stimulated with finding that kimchi prevented H. pylori-gastric cancer, we compared the efficacy of cancer preventive kimchi (cpkimchi) and standard recipe kimchi (skimchi) and the efficacy between fermented kimchi and non-fermented kimchi (kimuchi) in H. pylori-initiated gastric cancer model and explored novel mechanisms hinted from RNAseq transcriptome analysis. Animal models assessing gastric pathology on 24 and 36 weeks after H. pylori initiated, salt diet-promoted gastric mutagenesis model showed fermented cpkimchi afforded the best outcome of either rejuvenating atrophic gastritis or inhibiting tumorigenesis compared to skimchi and kimuchi. Highest inhibition of atrophic gastritis was achieved with cpkimchi, while significantly lower in kimuchi. Transcriptomic analysis showed ameliorated-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, -oxidative stress, and -apoptosis as major rejuvenating action of cpkimchi. Homogenates from animal model showed that elevated expressions of p-PERK, IRE, ATF6, p-elf, and XBP1 in control group, while significantly decreased with dietary intake of only cpkimchi. Significantly increased expressions of HO-1 and γ-GCS were only noted with cpkimchi. Conclusively, long-term dietary intervention of fermented cpkimchi can be potential way preventing H. pylori-associated carcinogenesis via rejuvenation of atrophic gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Park
- Daejeon University School of Oriental Medicine, Daehak-ro 62, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Young Min Han
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, University-Industry Cooperate Building, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Korea
| | - Ji Young Oh
- CJ Food Research, CJ Blossom Park, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16471, Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Lee
- CJ Food Research, CJ Blossom Park, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16471, Korea
| | - Seung Hye Choi
- CJ Food Research, CJ Blossom Park, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16471, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Kim
- Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Sheocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto Inc., 92, Myeongdal-ro, Sheocho-gu, Seoul 06668, Korea
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9
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Ailloud F, Estibariz I, Suerbaum S. Evolved to vary: genome and epigenome variation in the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:5900976. [PMID: 32880636 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, spiral shaped bacterium that selectively and chronically infects the gastric mucosa of humans. The clinical course of this infection can range from lifelong asymptomatic infection to severe disease, including peptic ulcers or gastric cancer. The high mutation rate and natural competence typical of this species are responsible for massive inter-strain genetic variation exceeding that observed in all other bacterial human pathogens. The adaptive value of such a plastic genome is thought to derive from a rapid exploration of the fitness landscape resulting in fast adaptation to the changing conditions of the gastric environment. Nevertheless, diversity is also lost through recurrent bottlenecks and H. pylori's lifestyle is thus a perpetual race to maintain an appropriate pool of standing genetic variation able to withstand selection events. Another aspect of H. pylori's diversity is a large and variable repertoire of restriction-modification systems. While not yet completely understood, methylome evolution could generate enough transcriptomic variation to provide another intricate layer of adaptive potential. This review provides an up to date synopsis of this rapidly emerging area of H. pylori research that has been enabled by the ever-increasing throughput of Omics technologies and a multitude of other technological advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Ailloud
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Iratxe Estibariz
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 München, Germany.,DZIF Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Partner Site Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 München, Germany.,National Reference Center for Helicobacter pylori, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 München, Germany
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10
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Xue K, Liu Y, Iversen KN, Mazidi M, Qu Z, Dong C, Jin T, Hallmans G, Åman P, Johansson A, He G, Landberg R. Impact of a Fermented High-Fiber Rye Diet on Helicobacter pylori and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial Among Helicobacter pylori-Positive Chinese Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 7:608623. [PMID: 33521037 PMCID: PMC7844128 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.608623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High dietary fiber intake has been associated with reduced risk of Helicobacter pylori infection and co-morbidities such as gastric cancer but also with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. It has been suggested that fermented rye could affect Helicobacter pylori bacterial load and that high- fiber rye may be superior to wheat for improvement of several cardiometabolic risk factors, but few long-term interventions with high fiber rye foods have been conducted. Objective: To examine the effect of high-fiber wholegrain rye foods with added fermented rye bran vs. refined wheat on Helicobacter pylori infection and cardiometabolic risk markers in a Chinese population with a low habitual consumption of high fiber cereal foods. Design: A parallel dietary intervention was set up and 182 normal- or overweight men and women were randomized to consume wholegrain rye products containing fermented rye bran (FRB) or refined wheat (RW) for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood sample collection and 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) were performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks of intervention as well as 12 weeks after the end of the intervention. Results: No difference between diets on Helicobacter pylori bacterial load measured by 13C-UBT breath test or in virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori in blood samples were found. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were significantly lower in the FRB group, compared to the RW group after 12 weeks of intervention. The intervention diets did not affect markers of glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: While the results of the present study did not support any effect of FRB on Helicobacter pylori bacterial load, beneficial effects on LDL-C and hs-CRP were clearly shown. This suggest that consumption of high fiber rye foods instead of refined wheat could be one strategy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03103386.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kia Nøhr Iversen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zheng Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tayi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Åman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gengsheng He
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tullio V, Gasperi V, Catani MV, Savini I. The Impact of Whole Grain Intake on Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Focus on Colorectal, Gastric, and Esophageal Cancers. Nutrients 2020; 13:E81. [PMID: 33383776 PMCID: PMC7824588 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereals are one of staple foods in human diet, mainly consumed as refined grains. Nonetheless, epidemiological data indicate that whole grain (WG) intake is inversely related to risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and several cancer types, as well as to all-cause mortality. Particularly responsive to WG positive action is the gastrointestinal tract, daily exposed to bioactive food components. Herein, we shall provide an up-to-date overview on relationship between WG intake and prevention of gastrointestinal tumors, with a particular focus on colorectal, stomach, and esophagus cancers. Unlike refined counterparts, WG consumption is inversely associated with risk of these gastrointestinal cancers, most consistently with the risk of colorectal tumor. Some WG effects may be mediated by beneficial constituents (such as fiber and polyphenols) that are reduced/lost during milling process. Beside health-promoting action, WGs are still under-consumed in most countries; therefore, World Health Organization and other public/private stakeholders should cooperate to implement WG consumption in the whole population, in order to reach nutritionally effective intakes.
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Alatawi A, Aljohani WS, Aljayani RT, Alblowi Y, Yousuf M, Almutairi H. Findings of Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Patients Suspected of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Referred to the Main Endoscopy Unit at King Fahad Specialist Hospital. Cureus 2020; 12:e11862. [PMID: 33409096 PMCID: PMC7781575 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is defined as any blood loss originating from the esophagus, stomach or the proximal duodenum above the ligament of Treitz. Ethnic trends regarding the causes of UGIB have been reported. The aim of this study was to identify the most common causes of UGIB among patients residing in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia. Methods We have conducted a retrospective descriptive cohort study at King Fahad Specialist Hospital (KFSH), Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. All adult patients above the age of 18 years who were suspected of UGIB and referred for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were included. The collected data included age, sex, nationality, complaint, EGD, and histopathologic findings. Results Between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019, 73 patients were included. 83.6% were Saudi, and 64.4% were males. Hematemesis was the main complaint (65.8%). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was normal in 6.84% of cases; however, it showed UGIB due to esophageal and gastric varices (9.57%) as well as non-variceal causes (83.56%). The most frequent non-variceal findings which represent about two-thirds of the cases were duodenal ulcer (20.53%), antral gastropathy (13.68%), gastric ulcer (12.32%), antral gastritis (10.94%), and duodenal/gastric mass (9.57%), whereas much less frequent findings representing a total of 16.39% of cases included Cameron gastropathy, gastropathy/duodenopathy, esophagitis/gastritis, gastritis/duodenitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and Mallory-Weiss tear. Conclusion Non-variceal causes showed higher prevalence as causes of UGIB than variceal causes in the Tabuk area. Furthermore, chronic duodenal and gastric ulcers were the most common culprits of bleeding, whereas duodenitis, gastritis, esophagitis, and Mallory-Weiss syndrome were the least common non-variceal causes.
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13
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Seeger AY, Ringling MD, Zohair H, Blanke SR. Risk factors associated with gastric malignancy during chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection. MEDICAL RESEARCH ARCHIVES 2020; 8:2068. [PMID: 37655156 PMCID: PMC10470974 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v8i3.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is considered to be the single most important risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, which is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Nonetheless, Hp infection does not always progress to malignancy, and, gastric adenocarcinoma can occur in the absence of detectable Hp carriage, highlighting the complex and multifactorial nature of gastric cancer. Here we review known contributors to gastric malignancy, including Hp virulence factors, host genetic variation, and multiple environmental variables. In addition, we assess emerging evidence that resident gastric microflora in humans might impact disease progression in Hp-infected individuals. Molecular approaches for microbe identification have revealed differences in the gastric microbiota composition between cancer and non-cancerous patients, as well as infected and uninfected individuals. Although the reasons underlying differences in microbial community structures are not entirely understood, gastric atrophy and hypochlorhydria that accompany chronic Hp infection may be a critical driver of gastric dysbiosis that promote colonization of microbes that contribute to increased risk of malignancy. Defining the importance and role of the gastric microbiota as a potential risk factor for Hp-associated gastric cancer is a vital and exciting area of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Y. Seeger
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Megan D. Ringling
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Huzaifa Zohair
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Steven R. Blanke
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
- Biomedical and Translational Sciences Department, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
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Ahmed K, Zaidi SF, Cui ZG, Zhou D, Saeed SA, Inadera H. Potential proapoptotic phytochemical agents for the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:487-498. [PMID: 31289520 PMCID: PMC6540497 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality among men and women. Chemo-resistance, adverse effects and disease recurrence are major challenges in the development of effective cancer therapeutics. Substantial literature on this subject highlights that populations consuming diets rich in fibers, fruits and vegetables have a significantly reduced incidence rate of CRC. This chemo-preventive effect is primarily associated with the presence of phytochemicals in the dietary components. Plant-derived chemical agents act as a prominent source of novel compounds for drug discovery. Phytochemicals have been the focus of an increasing number of studies due to their ability to modulate carcinogenic processes through the alteration of multiple cancer cell survival pathways. Despite promising results from experimental studies, only a limited number of phytochemicals have entered into clinical trials. The purpose of the current review is to compile previously published pre-clinical and clinical evidence of phytochemicals in cases of CRC. A PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct search was performed for relevant articles published between 2008-2018 using the following key terms: 'Phytochemicals with colorectal cancers', 'apoptosis', 'cell cycle', 'reactive oxygen species' and 'clinical anticancer activities'. The present review may aid in identifying the most investigated phytochemicals in CRC cells, and due to the limited number of studies that make it from the laboratory bench to clinical trial stage, may provide a novel foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Ahmed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Faisal Zaidi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Zhou
- Graduate School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P.R. China
| | - Sheikh Abdul Saeed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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The inflammatory potential of diet in determining cancer risk; A prospective investigation of two dietary pattern scores. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214551. [PMID: 30978193 PMCID: PMC6461253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inflammation-related mechanisms may contribute to the link between diet and cancer. We sought to investigate the inflammatory impact of diet on cancer risk using the Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and an adapted Mediterranean diet score (MDS). Methods This population-based, prospective cohort study used self-reported dietary data from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme, including 100,881 participants, of whom 35,393 had repeated measures. Associations between dietary patterns and cancer risk were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. We also used restricted cubic splines to test for potential non-linear associations. Results A total of 9,250 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during a median follow-up of 15 years. The two dietary patterns were moderately correlated to each other and had similar associations with cancer risk, predominantly lung cancer in men (DII per tertile decrease: Hazard ratio (HR) 0.81 (0.66–0.99), MDS per tertile increase: HR 0.86 (0.72–1.03)), and gastric cancer in men (DII: 0.73 (0.53–0.99), MDS: 0.73 (0.56–0.96)). Associations were, in general, found to be linear. We found no longitudinal association between 10-year change in diet and cancer risk. Conclusion We confirm small, but consistent and statistically significant associations between a more anti-inflammatory or healthier diet and reduced risk of cancer, including a lower risk of lung and gastric cancer in men. The dietary indexes produced similar associations with respect to the risk of cancer.
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