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Zhou Y, Chen H, Yan J, Yao Q, Kong C, Peng Y, Xiao S, Yang J. FOXA2 Activates RND1 to Regulate Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Pathway and Suppress Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2024; 18:e13814. [PMID: 39129202 PMCID: PMC11317498 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary cause of cancer-related fatalities globally is lung cancer. Although the chemotherapy drug cisplatin (DDP) has brought certain benefits to patients, the rapid development of drug resistance has greatly hindered treatment success. METHODS We used the lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) mRNA data set to explore the differentially expressed gene (RND1) in LUSC and detected RND1 expression in LUSC cells and DDP-resistant cells by qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, we performed abnormal expression treatment on RND1 and conducted CCK8, colony formation, and flow cytometry to evaluate the impact of RND1 expression on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DDP resistance. In addition, we analyzed metabolism pathways involving RND1 using GSEA. We also used online tools such as hTFtarget and JASPAR to screen for the upstream transcription factor FOXA2 of RND1 and verified their relationship through CHIP and dual luciferase experiments. Finally, we validated the role of FOXA2-RND1 in DDP resistance in LUSC through the above experiments. RESULTS RND1 was downregulated in LUSC, and overexpression of RND1 repressed proliferation and DDP resistance of LUSC cells and facilitated cell apoptosis. RND1 modulated the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism pathway, and FOXA2 positively manipulated RND1 expression. By activating FOXA2, stabilizing RND1, and regulating AA levels, the sensitivity of LUSC cells to DDP could be enhanced. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that FOXA2 positively modulated the RND1-AA pathway, which repressed the resistance of LUSC cells to DDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafu Zhou
- Department of Thoracic SurgeonsHunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Huiguo Chen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeonsHunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeonsHunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeonsHunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Chunchu Kong
- Department of RespiratoryHunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - You Peng
- Department of GeriatricHunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Shengying Xiao
- Department of OncologyHunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Jinsong Yang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeonsHunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
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Li ZH, Li JY, Zhu YJ, Dai L, Wu ZT, Nong JS, Zhuo T, Li FL, He LY, Liang HH, Zang FL, Wang YY, Chen MW, Huang WJ, Cao JB. Analysis of Nucleoporin 107 Overexpression and Its Association with Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma by Bioinformatics Methods. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:5449-5465. [PMID: 38021066 PMCID: PMC10676695 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s441185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has high morbidity and mortality. Current studies indicate nucleoporin 107 (NUP107) is involved in the construction of nuclear pore complex, and NUP107 overexpression contributes to the growth and development in most types of cancers, but its effect in LUAD has not been elucidated. Methods Differences in NUP107 expression were investigated using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and multiple Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets. Enrichment analysis were implemented to probe the NUP107 function. The association of NUP107 with the degree of immune cell infiltration was investigated by the TIMER database, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and ESTIMATE. The association of NUP107 expression with tumor mutation burden (TMB), TP53, and immune checkpoint was analyzed. Single-cell RNA sequencing data were used to detect NUP107 expression in different cell clusters. Finally, we performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to prove the difference of NUP107 expression. Results NUP107 was overexpressed in LUAD and mainly expressed in cancer stem cell (CSC). Overexpression of NUP107 in LUAD suggested a poorer prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis pointed out that NUP107 was mainly linked to the regulation of cell cycle. Both immune cell infiltration and TMB were found to be in connection with NUP107. Cases in the group with high NUP107 expression had poorer immune infiltration, but had higher expression of immune checkpoints, TMB, and proportion of TP53 mutations. Conclusion NUP107 is a sensitive diagnostic and prognostic factor for LUAD and may be involved in tumor progression through its effects on cell cycle and immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jie Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Tao Wu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ju-Sen Nong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhuo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Li Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yun He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ling Zang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Yong Wang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Wu Chen
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jia Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bin Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Sun J, Zhang W, Guo Z, Ma Q. Arachidonic acid metabolism in health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e363. [PMID: 37746665 PMCID: PMC10511835 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA), an n-6 essential fatty acid, is a major component of mammalian cells and can be released by phospholipase A2. Accumulating evidence indicates that AA plays essential biochemical roles, as it is the direct precursor of bioactive lipid metabolites of eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid obtained from three distinct enzymatic metabolic pathways: the cyclooxygenase pathway, lipoxygenase pathway, and cytochrome P450 pathway. AA metabolism is involved not only in cell differentiation, tissue development, and organ function but also in the progression of diseases, such as hepatic fibrosis, neurodegeneration, obesity, diabetes, and cancers. These eicosanoids are generally considered proinflammatory molecules, as they can trigger oxidative stress and stimulate the immune response. Therefore, interventions in AA metabolic pathways are effective ways to manage inflammatory-related diseases in the clinic. Currently, inhibitors targeting enzymes related to AA metabolic pathways are an important area of drug discovery. Moreover, many advances have also been made in clinical studies of AA metabolic inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Herein, we review the discovery of AA and focus on AA metabolism in relation to health and diseases. Furthermore, inhibitors targeting AA metabolism are summarized, and potential clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yingxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Department of PathologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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Bellerba F, Chatziioannou AC, Jasbi P, Robinot N, Keski-Rahkonen P, Trolat A, Vozar B, Hartman SJ, Scalbert A, Bonanni B, Johansson H, Sears DD, Gandini S. Metabolomic profiles of metformin in breast cancer survivors: a pooled analysis of plasmas from two randomized placebo-controlled trials. J Transl Med 2022; 20:629. [PMID: 36581893 PMCID: PMC9798585 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major health concern for breast cancer survivors, being associated with high recurrence and reduced efficacy during cancer treatment. Metformin treatment is associated with reduced breast cancer incidence, recurrence and mortality. To better understand the underlying mechanisms through which metformin may reduce recurrence, we aimed to conduct metabolic profiling of overweight/obese breast cancer survivors before and after metformin treatment. METHODS Fasting plasma samples from 373 overweight or obese breast cancer survivors randomly assigned to metformin (n = 194) or placebo (n = 179) administration were collected at baseline, after 6 months (Reach For Health trial), and after 12 months (MetBreCS trial). Archival samples were concurrently analyzed using three complementary methods: untargeted LC-QTOF-MS metabolomics, targeted LC-MS metabolomics (AbsoluteIDQ p180, Biocrates), and gas chromatography phospholipid fatty acid assay. Multivariable linear regression models and family-wise error correction were used to identify metabolites that significantly changed after metformin treatment. RESULTS Participants (n = 352) with both baseline and study end point samples available were included in the analysis. After adjusting for confounders such as study center, age, body mass index and false discovery rate, we found that metformin treatment was significantly associated with decreased levels of citrulline, arginine, tyrosine, caffeine, paraxanthine, and theophylline, and increased levels of leucine, isoleucine, proline, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, 4-methyl-2-oxovalerate, alanine and indoxyl-sulphate. Long-chain unsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PC ae C36:4, PC ae C38:5, PC ae C36:5 and PC ae C38:6) were significantly decreased with the metformin treatment, as were phospholipid-derived long-chain n-6 fatty acids. The metabolomic profiles of metformin treatment suggest change in specific biochemical pathways known to impair cancer cell growth including activation of CYP1A2, alterations in fatty acid desaturase activity, and altered metabolism of specific amino acids, including impaired branched chain amino acid catabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our results in overweight breast cancer survivors identify new metabolic effects of metformin treatment that may mechanistically contribute to reduced risk of recurrence in this population and reduced obesity-related cancer risk reported in observational studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01302379 and EudraCT Protocol #: 2015-001001-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bellerba
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paniz Jasbi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nivonirina Robinot
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Amarine Trolat
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Vozar
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Sheri J Hartman
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Harriet Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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5
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Nutraceutical-Based Nanoformulations for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912032. [PMID: 36233349 PMCID: PMC9569679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different strategies have been investigated for a more satisfactory treatment of advanced breast cancer, including the adjuvant use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). These nutritional compounds have been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic activities, the capacity to affect transduction pathways/receptors involved in cell growth and to reprogram tumor microenvironment. Omega-3 PUFA-containing nanoformulations designed for drug delivery in breast cancer were shown to potentiate the effects of enclosed drugs, enhance drug delivery to target sites, and minimize drug-induced side effects. We have critically analyzed here the results of the most recent studies investigating the effects of omega-3 PUFA-containing nanoformulations in breast cancer. The anti-neoplastic efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs has also been convincingly demonstrated by using preclinical in vivo models of ovarian cancer. The results obtained are critically analyzed here and seem to provide a sufficient rationale to move to still lacking interventional clinical trials, as well as to evaluate possible advantages of enclosing omega-3 PUFAs to drug-delivery nanosystems for ovarian cancer. Future perspectives in this area are also provided.
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Videla LA, Hernandez-Rodas MC, Metherel AH, Valenzuela R. Influence of the nutritional status and oxidative stress in the desaturation and elongation of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Impact on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 181:102441. [PMID: 35537354 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) play essential roles in cell membrane structure and physiological processes including signal transduction, cellular metabolism and tissue homeostasis to combat diseases. PUFA are either consumed from food or synthesized by enzymatic desaturation, elongation and peroxisomal β-oxidation. The nutritionally essential precursors α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3; ALA) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6; LA) are subjected to desaturation by Δ6D/Δ5D desaturases and elongation by elongases 2/5, enzymes that are induced by insulin and repressed by PUFA. Maintaining an optimally low n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio is linked to prevention of the development of several diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is characterized by depletion of PUFA promoting hepatic steatosis and inflammation. In this context, supplementation with n-3 PUFA revealed significant lowering of hepatic steatosis in obese patients, whereas prevention of fatty liver by high-fat diet in mice is observed in n-3 PUFA and hydroxytyrosol co-administration. The aim of this work is to review the role of nutritional status and nutrient availability on markers of PUFA biosynthesis. In addition, the impact of oxidative stress developed as a result of NAFLD, a redox imbalance that may alter the expression and activity of the enzymes involved, and diminished n-3 PUFA levels by free-radical dependent peroxidation processes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kocherlakota C, Nagaraju B, Arjun N, Srinath A, Kothapalli KSD, Brenna JT. Inhalation of nebulized omega-3 fatty acids mitigate LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in rats: Implications for treatment of COPD and COVID-19. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 179:102426. [PMID: 35381532 PMCID: PMC8964507 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many current treatment options for lung inflammation and thrombosis come with unwanted side effects. The natural omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) are generally anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic. O3FA are always administered orally and occasionally by intravenous (IV) infusion. The main goal of this study is to determine if O3FA administered by inhalation of a nebulized formulation mitigates LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in male Wistar rats. Inflammation was triggered by intraperitoneal injection of LPS once a day for 14 days. One hour post-injection, rats received nebulized treatments consisting of egg lecithin emulsified O3, Budesonide and Montelukast, and blends of O3 and Melatonin or Montelukast or Cannabidiol; O3 was in the form of free fatty acids for all groups except one group with ethyl esters. Lung histology and cytokines were determined in n = 3 rats per group at day 8 and day 15. All groups had alveolar histiocytosis severity scores half or less than that of the disease control (Cd) treated with LPS and saline only inhalation. IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 were attenuated in all O3FA groups. IL-1β was attenuated in most but not all O3 groups. O3 administered as ethyl ester was overall most effective in mitigating LPS effects. No evidence of lipid pneumonia or other chronic distress was observed. These preclinical data suggest that O3FA formulations should be further investigated as treatments in lung inflammation and thrombosis related lung disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and acute respiratory distress such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Banda Nagaraju
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Narala Arjun
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Akula Srinath
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Kumar S D Kothapalli
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, United States.
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, United States.
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Liu C, Yu H, Li X, Gong Y, Wu P, Feng QS. Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma efficacy of Fuzheng Xiaozheng prescription and its interventional mechanism studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114913. [PMID: 34910953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuzheng Xiaozheng prescription (FZXZP), a traditional Chinese medicine, which was derived from the famous decoction, Sanjiasan, in the book of "Wenyilun" in Ming dynasty. Due to its function of invigorating the circulation of blood in Chinese medicine, it was usually used for treating the liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), etc. Clinical application found that FZXZP exhibited satisfactory therapeutic effects in HCC treatments. However, we still know little about the underlying mechanisms. AIM OF STUDY In this study, we aim to gain a deeper insight into the inhibiting effects of FZXZP on HCC rats and preliminarily elucidate the underlying intervention effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two doses of FZXZP were adopted to evaluate the therapeutic effects on rat HCC, and then the intervention effects were evaluated from different aspects. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the active compounds prediction in FZXZP. Finally, the mRNA-Seq was conducted to reveal the intervention mechanisms and the mechanisms were further validated by quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and lipid contents analyses. RESULTS The results showed that FZXZP significantly alleviated the serum biochemical indicators and improved the pathological characteristics of HCC rats. Mechanistically, FZXZP could regulate some lipid related metabolisms, including arachidonic acid, linoleic acid and retinol, as well as improving the steroid hormone biosynthesis, to improve the inflammatory statuses and restoring ability of HCC livers, and these were further confirmed by our following analyses on serum lipid contents and cytokine expressions. In addition, FZXZP could also negatively regulate four extracellular growth factors which could result in the blocking of two cancer-related signaling pathways, Ras/MAPK and Ras/PI3K-Akt. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that FZXZP demonstrated significant inhibiting effects on rat HCC progresses, and these may be realized by improving the inflammatory statuses and blocking the Ras/MAPK and Ras/PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Rats
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Random Allocation
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Han Yu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Yanju Gong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Peijie Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Feng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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Li X, Yu H, Gong Y, Wu P, Feng Q, Liu C. Fuzheng Xiaozheng prescription relieves rat hepatocellular carcinoma through improving anti-inflammation capacity and regulating lipid related metabolisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114801. [PMID: 34748868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuzheng Xiaozheng prescription (FZXZP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that was derived from Sanjiasan, a famous decoction documented in the book of Wenyilun in Ming dynasty. Based on our years' clinic application, FZXZP demonstrated satisfactory therapeutic effects in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatments. However, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. AIM OF STUDY In this study, we aim to systematically evaluate the intervention effects of FZXZP on rat HCC and deeply elucidate the underlying regulative mechanisms on rat HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HCC rats were induced by using diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and two doses of FZXZP were adopted to treat the HCC rats. Liver phenotype, blood chemistry and liver histopathology were used to evaluate the intervention effects. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was conducted to analyze the components of FZXZP. Finally, miRNA-Seq and mRNA-Seq were performed to investigate the regulative mechanisms of FZXZP on rat HCC and qRT-PCR was carried out to verify the accuracies of the two RNA-Seqs. RESULTS Results of liver phenotypes, blood chemistry and liver histopathology demonstrated that FZXZP significantly alleviated the liver damage, inhibited the progresses of HCC. Nine potential components were identified from FZXZP, and anti-cancer prediction suggested that almost all of them were reported to show an anti-cancer effect. Mechanistically, FZXZP was found to promote the lipid related metabolisms, improve the anti-inflammation ability by activating PPAR signaling pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism, bile secretion, etc. CONCLUSION: our results suggested that FZXZP significantly alleviated the rat HCC, mechanistically by improving the anti-inflammation ability and promoting the lipid related metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Han Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yanju Gong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Peijie Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Cioce M, Canino C, Pass H, Blandino G, Strano S, Fazio VM. Arachidonic acid drives adaptive responses to chemotherapy-induced stress in malignant mesothelioma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:344. [PMID: 34727953 PMCID: PMC8561918 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background High resistance to therapy and poor prognosis characterizes malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). In fact, the current lines of treatment, based on platinum and pemetrexed, have limited impact on the survival of MPM patients. Adaptive response to therapy-induced stress involves complex rearrangements of the MPM secretome, mediated by the acquisition of a senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype (SASP). This fuels the emergence of chemoresistant cell subpopulations, with specific gene expression traits and protumorigenic features. The SASP-driven rearrangement of MPM secretome takes days to weeks to occur. Thus, we have searched for early mediators of such adaptive process and focused on metabolites differentially released in mesothelioma vs mesothelial cell culture media, after treatment with pemetrexed. METHODS Mass spectrometry-based (LC/MS and GC/MS) identification of extracellular metabolites and unbiased statistical analysis were performed on the spent media of mesothelial and mesothelioma cell lines, at steady state and after a pulse with pharmacologically relevant doses of the drug. ELISA based evaluation of arachidonic acid (AA) levels and enzyme inhibition assays were used to explore the role of cPLA2 in AA release and that of LOX/COX-mediated processing of AA. QRT-PCR, flow cytometry analysis of ALDH expressing cells and 3D spheroid growth assays were employed to assess the role of AA at mediating chemoresistance features of MPM. ELISA based detection of p65 and IkBalpha were used to interrogate the NFkB pathway activation in AA-treated cells. RESULTS We first validated what is known or expected from the mechanism of action of the antifolate. Further, we found increased levels of PUFAs and, more specifically, arachidonic acid (AA), in the transformed cell lines treated with pemetrexed. We showed that pharmacologically relevant doses of AA tightly recapitulated the rearrangement of cell subpopulations and the gene expression changes happening in pemetrexed -treated cultures and related to chemoresistance. Further, we showed that release of AA following pemetrexed treatment was due to cPLA2 and that AA signaling impinged on NFkB activation and largely affected anchorage-independent, 3D growth and the resistance of the MPM 3D cultures to the drug. CONCLUSIONS AA is an early mediator of the adaptive response to pem in chemoresistant MPM and, possibly, other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cioce
- Department of Medicine, R.U. in Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Canino
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Radiation Oncology Unit, UPMC Hillmann Cancer Center, San Pietro Hospital FBF, Rome, Italy
| | - Harvey Pass
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Strano
- SAFU Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Department of Medicine, R.U. in Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy. .,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133, Rome, Italy. .,Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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Djuric Z, Rifkin S. A New Score for Quantifying Adherence to a Cancer-Preventive Mediterranean Diet. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:579-591. [PMID: 33840312 PMCID: PMC8693912 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1909738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein a Mediterranean Cancer Preventive Diet Score (MCAP Score) is proposed to quantify adherence to both traditional Mediterranean fat intakes and the current dietary recommendations for cancer prevention. The scoring uses research-backed cutoff values, unlike other scores that are based on a population-specific median value. The MCAP score awards positive points for seven preventive food categories, including Mediterranean fats (monounsaturated fats, ω-3 fatty acids) associated with reduced adiposity, and negative points for four food categories associated with increased cancer risk, including ultra-processed foods. In a randomized trial of 120 persons at increased risk of colon cancer, the baseline MCAP Score averaged seven of 20 possible points. Counseling for a Healthy Diet or a Mediterranean Diet improved the score to either 11 or 13 points, respectively, and the highest score observed in any individual was 20 points. The MCAP Score was correlated with serum carotenoids and serum ω-3 fatty acids, and improvements in the score were associated with weight loss over six months of study. The MCAP Score is therefore proposed as a new method to assess adherence to a Mediterranean type of diet for cancer prevention using absolute criteria that will facilitate comparisons of dietary intakes across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Djuric
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Samara Rifkin
- Department Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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12
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Jóźwiak M, Filipowska A, Fiorino F, Struga M. Anticancer activities of fatty acids and their heterocyclic derivatives. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172937. [PMID: 31958454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional chemotherapy relies on the premise that rapidly proliferating cancer cells are more likely to be killed by a cytotoxic agent, but in reality, the long-standing problem of chemotherapy is the lack of tumor-specific treatments. Apart from the impact on tumor cells, the drugs' major limitation is their severe adverse side effects on normal cells and tissues. Nutritional and epidemiological studies have indicated that cancer progression is correlated with the consumption of fatty acids, but the exact mechanisms still remain unknown. In the first part of our review, we discussed the beneficial effects of free fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) on the progress of carcinogenesis in different tumor cell lines. We presented various mechanisms proposed in the literature, which explain the possible impact on the cells metabolism. The second part describes modifications of different fatty acids with existing anticancer drugs and heterocyclic moieties by condensation reactions. Such conjugations increased the tissue selectivity and made chemotherapy potentially more effective and less toxic in in vivo and in vitro studies. This fatty acid modifications, which change the activity of compounds, their uptake selectivity and alter drug delivery methods, may be the key to unlocking true medical potential of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Jóźwiak
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Filipowska
- Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Universita di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Struga
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Ashfaq W, Rehman K, Siddique MI, Khan QAA. Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid from Fish Oil and Their Role in Cancer Research. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1686761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wardah Ashfaq
- Department of Medicine, Ameer ud Din Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christan College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Siddique
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurrat-Al-Ain Khan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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El-Bayoumy K, Manni A. Customized Prevention Trials Could Resolve the Controversy of the Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:183-186. [PMID: 31407927 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1651348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Literature data revealed that the benefits of consuming omega-3 fatty acid (n-3FA) supplements such as fish oil with the goal of reducing the incidence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer remain controversial. The purpose of this commentary is to discuss factors that may account for the inconsistency of results across different studies. Critical review of the published data, including our own preclinical and clinical studies, strongly suggests that customized clinical prevention trials are needed to resolve the above-mentioned controversy. Specifically, in order to develop a personalized cancer prevention strategy, more attention should be given to multiple factors including the dose of the n-3FA, the specific placebo used as a comparator, duration of administration, type of intervention (primary vs secondary prevention trial), specific compound (DHA vs EPA vs their metabolites), the ratio of n-3FA:n-6FA and the target population tested (high vs average risk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam El-Bayoumy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Manni
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
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