1
|
The Association between Carotenoids and Head and Neck Cancer Risk. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010088. [PMID: 35010963 PMCID: PMC8746385 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) includes oral cavity cancer (OCC), pharyngeal cancer (PC), and laryngeal cancer (LC). It is one of the most frequent cancers in the world. Smoking and alcohol consumption are the typical well-known predictors of HNC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an increasing etiological factor for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Moreover, food and nutrition play an important role in HNC etiology. According to the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research, an intake of non-starchy vegetables and fruits could decrease HNC risk. The carotenoids included in vegetables and fruits are well-known antioxidants which have anti-mutagenic and immune regulatory functions. Numerous studies have shown the relationship between carotenoid intake and a lower HNC risk, but the role of carotenoids in HNC risk is not well defined. The goal of this review is to present the current literature regarding the relationship between various carotenoids and HNC risk.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kawakita D, Lee YCA, Gren LH, Buys SS, La Vecchia C, Hashibe M. Fiber intake and the risk of head and neck cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian (PLCO) cohort. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2342-2348. [PMID: 30693489 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the protective role of dietary fiber on cancer risk has been reported in several epidemiological studies, the association of fiber intake on head and neck cancer (HNC) risk is still unclear. We investigated the association between fiber intake and the risk of HNC using data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. Among 101,700 participants with complete dietary information, 186 participants developed HNC during follow-up (January 1998 to May 2011). Dietary data were collected using a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire (1998-2005). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), using the Cox proportional hazards model. Higher intake of total fiber, insoluble fiber and soluble fiber was associated with decreased HNC risks, with a significant trend. The HRs of highest vs. the lowest tertile of intake were 0.43 (95%CI: 0.25-0.76) for total fiber, 0.38 (95%CI: 0.22-0.65) for insoluble fiber, and 0.44 (95%CI: 0.25-0.79) for soluble fiber. These inverse association were consistent in oral cavity and pharyngeal cases, but the impact of fiber intake was weaker in laryngeal cases. We did not observe any significant interaction of potential confounders, including smoking and drinking, with total fiber intake on HNC risk. These findings support evidence of a protective role of dietary fiber on HNC risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawakita
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuan-Chin Amy Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Lisa H Gren
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G. A. Maccacaro", Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Russo A, Crosignani P, Berrino F. Tobacco Smoking, Alcohol Drinking and Dietary Factors as Determinants of New Primaries among Male Laryngeal Cancer Patients: A Case-Cohort Study. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 82:519-25. [PMID: 9061057 DOI: 10.1177/030089169608200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background The paper examines the determinants associated with second primary occurrence in laryngeal cancer cases. Methods A series of 220 incident male laryngeal cancer cases was interviewed 10 years ago within the framework of a population-based, case-control study. The occurrence of other primaries among these patients was assessed by means of the Lombardy Cancer Registry, which covers their area of residence. The relationship between tobacco, alcohol, dietary factors and the risk of occurrence of new primaries was analyzed by means of a nested case-control study. Cases were defined as those subjects who developed a new primary, and controls as those without. Results New primaries occurred among 36 subjects during an 8-year follow-up; 147 control cancer patients were matched for age and length of follow-up. A twofold risk increase was associated with the highest tobacco consumption, as registered at time of first primary; a weaker relationship, i.e. risk of 1.2 for the highest tertile, was seen for alcohol drinking. The occurrence of new primaries was also influenced by dietary habits. In particular, those who had a high intake of monosaturated fatty acids had a one-third lower risk of developing a new primary. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that a healthy diet is protective among those who experience a laryngeal neoplasm and suggests that diet could be a potential preventive agent against the occurrence of new primaries among these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Russo
- Servizio di Epidemiologia, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kawakita D, Lee YCA, Turati F, Parpinel M, Decarli A, Serraino D, Matsuo K, Olshan AF, Zevallos JP, Winn DM, Moysich K, Zhang ZF, Morgenstern H, Levi F, Kelsey K, McClean M, Bosetti C, Garavello W, Schantz S, Yu GP, Boffetta P, Chuang SC, Hashibe M, Ferraroni M, La Vecchia C, Edefonti V. Dietary fiber intake and head and neck cancer risk: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1811-1821. [PMID: 28710831 PMCID: PMC5797849 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The possible role of dietary fiber in the etiology of head neck cancers (HNCs) is unclear. We used individual-level pooled data from ten case-control studies (5959 cases and 12,248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium, to examine the association between fiber intake and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx. Odds Ratios (ORs) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression applied to quintile categories of non-alcohol energy-adjusted fiber intake and adjusted for tobacco and alcohol use and other known or putative confounders. Fiber intake was inversely associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer combined (OR for 5th vs. 1st quintile category = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40-0.59; p for trend <0.001) and with laryngeal cancer (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.54-0.82, p for trend <0.001). There was, however, appreciable heterogeneity of the estimated effect across studies for oral and pharyngeal cancer combined. Nonetheless, inverse associations were consistently observed for the subsites of oral and pharyngeal cancers and within most strata of the considered covariates, for both cancer sites. Our findings from a multicenter large-scale pooled analysis suggest that, although in the presence of between-study heterogeneity, a greater intake of fiber may lower HNC risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawakita
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Venezian, 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
- epartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-0001, Japan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yuan-Chin Amy Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Federica Turati
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Venezian, 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe, 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Adriano Decarli
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Venezian, 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, via G. Venezian, 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini, 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose P. Zevallos
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box # 7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070, USA
| | - Deborah M. Winn
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9764, USA
| | | | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, 71-225 CHS, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Hal Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fabio Levi
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karl Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, G-E3, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Michael McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Talbot 4W Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, via G. La Masa, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Werner Garavello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, via Pergolesi, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - Stimson Schantz
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, 310 E. 14th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Guo-Pei Yu
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute of Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shu-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Venezian, 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Venezian, 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Edefonti
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G. A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Venezian, 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zuo JJ, Tao ZZ, Chen C, Hu ZW, Xu YX, Zheng AY, Guo Y. Characteristics of cigarette smoking without alcohol consumption and laryngeal cancer: overall and time-risk relation. A meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 274:1617-1631. [PMID: 27844225 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking was one of the risk factors for upper aerodigestive tract cancer, but exclusive quantification of the impact of cigarette smoking on laryngeal cancer had not been investigated. A meta-analysis of researches that had reported quantitative estimates of cigarette smoking and risk of laryngeal cancer by March 2016 was performed. Pooled estimates of relative risks and their 95% confidence intervals were obtained and summarized. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were implemented to find out sources of research heterogeneity and the effect of potential confounders. Publication bias was investigated and corrected if found to be present through Egger's and Begg's test, and trim and fill algorithm. Thirty researches based on a total of 14,292 cases from three cohort and fifteen case-control studies were included and pooled estimate for the correlation between cigarette smoking and the risk of laryngeal cancer was 7.01 (95% confidence interval 5.56-8.85), with moderate heterogeneity across the researches (I 2 = 56.7%, p = 0.002). The RRs were 5.04 (95% CI 3.09-8.22) for cohort studies (p = 0.121), 7.59 (95% CI 5.86-9.82) for case-control studies (p = 0.005). The risk kept elevated within the first fifteen years of quitting smoking(RR 3.62, 95% CI 1.88-7.00) but dropped in the 16 years and more after smoking cessation(RR 1.88, 95% CI 1.16-3.05). Individuals who smoked with 40 or more pack-years had nine times the risk of laryngeal cancer(RR 9.14; 95% CI 6.24-13.39). Subjects who smoked 30 or more cigarettes a day had sevenfolds the risk of laryngeal cancer (RR 7.02; 95% CI 4.47-11.02) and who smoked 40 or more years had five times the risk versus never smokers (RR 5.76; 95% CI 3.69-8.99). Evidence of publication bias was not detected for the correlation between current cigarette smoking and risk of laryngeal cancer (p = 0.225 with Begg's test, p = 0.317 with Egger's test). The results demonstrated strong correlation referring to dose-response and time-response between cigarette smoking and risk of laryngeal cancer for both men and women. The probability of developing laryngeal cancer was decreased by quitting smoking, particularly among former cigarette smokers who had stopped smoking for 15 or more years. The subgroup analysis demonstrated that study type influenced the RRs estimates of the studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zuo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jie-Fang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ze-Zhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jie-Fang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jie-Fang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Wei Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jie-Fang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Xing Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jie-Fang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jie-Fang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Edefonti V, Hashibe M, Parpinel M, Turati F, Serraino D, Matsuo K, Olshan AF, Zevallos JP, Winn DM, Moysich K, Zhang ZF, Morgenstern H, Levi F, Kelsey K, McClean M, Bosetti C, Galeone C, Schantz S, Yu GP, Boffetta P, Lee YCA, Chuang SC, La Vecchia C, Decarli A. Natural vitamin C intake and the risk of head and neck cancer: A pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:448-62. [PMID: 25627906 PMCID: PMC4428957 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of associations between single nutrients and head and neck cancer (HNC) is still more limited and less consistent than that for fruit and vegetables. However, clarification of the protective mechanisms of fruit and vegetables is important to our understanding of HNC etiology. We investigated the association between vitamin C intake from natural sources and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx using individual-level pooled data from ten case-control studies (5,959 cases and 12,248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. After harmonization of study-specific exposure information via the residual method, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models on quintile categories of 'non-alcohol energy-adjusted' vitamin C intake. In the presence of heterogeneity of the estimated ORs among studies, we derived those estimates from generalized linear mixed models. Higher intakes of vitamin C were inversely related to oral and pharyngeal (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.45-0.65, for the fifth quintile category versus the first one, p for trend<0.001) and laryngeal cancers (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.40-0.68, p for trend = 0.006), although in the presence of heterogeneity among studies for both sites. Inverse associations were consistently observed for the anatomical subsites of oral and pharyngeal cancer, and across strata of age, sex, education, body mass index, tobacco, and alcohol, for both cancer sites. The inverse association of vitamin C intake from foods with HNC may reflect a protective effect on these cancers; however, we cannot rule out other explanations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Edefonti
- Sezione di Statistica Medica e Biometria ’Giulio A. Maccacaro’, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ’Mario Negri’, Milan, Italy
- S. C. Statistica Medica, Biometria e Bioinformatica, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose P. Zevallos
- Baylor College of Medicine, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hal Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fabio Levi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karl Kelsey
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ’Mario Negri’, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Galeone
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ’Mario Negri’, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Guo-Pei Yu
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuan-Chin Amy Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Shu-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Sezione di Statistica Medica e Biometria ’Giulio A. Maccacaro’, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriano Decarli
- Sezione di Statistica Medica e Biometria ’Giulio A. Maccacaro’, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ’Mario Negri’, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bobdey S, Jain A, Balasubramanium G. Epidemiological review of laryngeal cancer: An Indian perspective. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2015; 36:154-60. [PMID: 26855523 PMCID: PMC4743184 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.166721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal cancer is one of the 10 leading causes of cancer in Indian men. The association of laryngeal cancer and tobacco smoking is well-established, but the peculiarities such as wide variation of disease distribution and survival, role of tobacco chewing, indoor air pollution, and dietary factors in laryngeal cancer causation needs to be understood. In this study, we review the descriptive and observational epidemiology of laryngeal cancer in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE and Web of science electronic database was searched from January 1995 to December 2013, using the using keywords "laryngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer outcome, epidemiology, etiological factor and their corresponding Mesh terms were used in combination like OR, AND." Two authors independently selected studies published in English and conducted in India. A total of 15 studies were found to be relevant and eligible for this review. RESULTS In India, laryngeal cancer contributes to approximately 3-6% of all cancers in men. The age-adjusted incidence rate of cancer larynx in males varies widely among registries, highest is 8.18 per 100,000 in Kamprup Urban District and the lowest is 1.26 per 100,000 in Nagaland. The 5-year survival for laryngeal cancer in India is approximately 28%. Indian studies show tobacco, alcohol, long-term exposure to indoor air pollution, spicy food, and nonvegetarian diet as risk factors for laryngeal cancer. CONCLUSION There is wide regional variation in the incidence of laryngeal cancer in India. Survival rates of laryngeal carcinoma are much lower as compared to other Asian countries. Studies conducted in India to identify important risk factors of laryngeal cancer are very limited, especially on diet and indoor air pollution. Hence, more research is required for identifying the etiological factors and development of scientifically sound laryngeal cancer prevention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bobdey
- Department of Medical Records, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aanchal Jain
- Department of Medical Records, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganesh Balasubramanium
- Department of Medical Records, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Edefonti V, Hashibe M, Parpinel M, Ferraroni M, Turati F, Serraino D, Matsuo K, Olshan AF, Zevallos JP, Winn DM, Moysich K, Zhang ZF, Morgenstern H, Levi F, Kelsey K, McClean M, Bosetti C, Schantz S, Yu GP, Boffetta P, Chuang SC, A Lee YC, La Vecchia C, Decarli A. Vitamin E intake from natural sources and head and neck cancer risk: a pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:182-92. [PMID: 25989276 PMCID: PMC4647526 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the possible effect of vitamin E on head and neck cancers (HNCs) is limited. METHODS We used individual-level pooled data from 10 case-control studies (5959 cases and 12 248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium to assess the association between vitamin E intake from natural sources and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models applied to quintile categories of non-alcohol energy-adjusted vitamin E intake. RESULTS Intake of vitamin E was inversely related to oral/pharyngeal cancer (OR for the fifth vs the first quintile category=0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.71; P for trend <0.001) and to laryngeal cancer (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.54-0.83, P for trend <0.001). There was, however, appreciable heterogeneity of the estimated effect across studies for oral/pharyngeal cancer. Inverse associations were generally observed for the anatomical subsites of oral and pharyngeal cancer and within covariate strata for both sites. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that greater vitamin E intake from foods may lower HNC risk, although we were not able to explain the heterogeneity observed across studies or rule out certain sources of bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Edefonti
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia ‘G. A. Maccacaro', Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - M Parpinel
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe, 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - M Ferraroni
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia ‘G. A. Maccacaro', Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Turati
- S. C. Statistica Medica, Biometria e Bioinformatica, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - D Serraino
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini, 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - K Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - A F Olshan
- University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J P Zevallos
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7070, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070, USA
| | - D M Winn
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9764, USA
| | - K Moysich
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Z-F Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, 71-225 CHS, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - H Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F Levi
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Kelsey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, G-E5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - M McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Talbot 4W, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - C Bosetti
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS–Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via G. La Masa, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - S Schantz
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, 310 E 14th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - G-P Yu
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - P Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute of Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - S-C Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Y-C A Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - C La Vecchia
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia ‘G. A. Maccacaro', Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A Decarli
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia ‘G. A. Maccacaro', Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133 Milano, Italy
- S. C. Statistica Medica, Biometria e Bioinformatica, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, via A. Vanzetti, 5, 20133, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leoncini E, Edefonti V, Hashibe M, Parpinel M, Cadoni G, Ferraroni M, Serraino D, Matsuo K, Olshan AF, Zevallos JP, Winn DM, Moysich K, Zhang ZF, Morgenstern H, Levi F, Kelsey K, McClean M, Bosetti C, Schantz S, Yu GP, Boffetta P, Lee YCA, Chuang SC, Decarli A, La Vecchia C, Boccia S. Carotenoid intake and head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 31:369-83. [PMID: 25930054 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Food and nutrition play an important role in head and neck cancer (HNC) etiology; however, the role of carotenoids remains largely undefined. We explored the relation of HNC risk with the intake of carotenoids within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. We pooled individual-level data from 10 case-control studies conducted in Europe, North America, and Japan. The analysis included 18,207 subjects (4414 with oral and pharyngeal cancer, 1545 with laryngeal cancer, and 12,248 controls), categorized by quintiles of carotenoid intake from natural sources. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintile, the risk reduction associated with total carotenoid intake was 39 % (95 % CI 29-47 %) for oral/pharyngeal cancer and 39 % (95 % CI 24-50 %) for laryngeal cancer. Intakes of β-carotene equivalents, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein plus zeaxanthin were associated with at least 18 % reduction in the rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer (95 % CI 6-29 %) and 17 % reduction in the rate of laryngeal cancer (95 % CI 0-32 %). The overall protective effect of carotenoids on HNC was stronger for subjects reporting greater alcohol consumption (p < 0.05). The odds ratio for the combined effect of low carotenoid intake and high alcohol or tobacco consumption versus high carotenoid intake and low alcohol or tobacco consumption ranged from 7 (95 % CI 5-9) to 33 (95 % CI 23-49). A diet rich in carotenoids may protect against HNC. Persons with both low carotenoid intake and high tobacco or alcohol are at substantially higher risk of HNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Leoncini
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Edefonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cadoni
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose P Zevallos
- School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hal Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fabio Levi
- Institut Universitaire de Medecine Sociale et Preventive (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Itlay
| | | | - Guo-Pei Yu
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute of Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuan-Chin Amy Lee
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shu-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Adriano Decarli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leoncini E, Nedovic D, Panic N, Pastorino R, Edefonti V, Boccia S. Carotenoid Intake from Natural Sources and Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Epidemiological Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1003-11. [PMID: 25873578 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their role as antioxidants, the intake of carotenoids has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiological studies to investigate whether the intake of specific carotenoids from dietary sources, as well as combined carotenoids, is associated with the risk of HNC according to cancer subsites. A comprehensive literature search of the Medline and Scopus databases was conducted. Sixteen articles were identified from the literature search, of which 15 were case-control studies and one prospective cohort study. The risk reduction associated with β-carotene equivalents intake was 46% (95% CI, 20%-63%) for cancer of oral cavity and 57% (95% CI, 23%-76%) for laryngeal cancer. Lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin also reduced the risk for laryngeal cancer; the ORs for the highest category compared with the lowest one of carotenoid intake were 50% (95% CI, 11%-72%) and 59% (95% CI, 49%-67%), respectively. Lycopene, α-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin were associated with at least 26% reduction in the rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer (95% CI, 2%-44%). Our systematic review and meta-analysis on dietary carotenoids intake and HNC showed carotenoids to act protectively against HNC, in relation to most of single nutrients and subsites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Leoncini
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Darko Nedovic
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikola Panic
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorino
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Edefonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sakhi AK, Bøhn SK, Smeland S, Thoresen M, Smedshaug GB, Tausjø J, Svilaas A, Karlsen A, Russnes KM, Svilaas T, Blomhoff R. Postradiotherapy plasma lutein, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene are positively associated with survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:322-8. [PMID: 20358469 DOI: 10.1080/01635580903441188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to compare plasma carotenoids (i.e., biomarkers of fruits and vegetables intake) and tocopherols in 29 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients with 51 healthy controls and to explore the possibility whether these plasma antioxidants could be related to outcome among patients. The patients' blood samples were taken at the end of radiotherapy. We observed that plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, and total carotenoids were significantly lower in HNSCC patients than controls. Among the patients, 18 died and 11 were still alive during median follow-up of 55 mo for survivors. We found a significant positive association between postradiotherapy plasma carotenoids (lutein, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene) and progression-free survival in these patients. This study indicates that increasing postradiotherapy plasma carotenoid concentration may reduce risk of premature death or recurrence of tumor in HNSCC patients. Increasing plasma carotenoid concentration should be done by increasing intake of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables, as other studies have shown either no or negative effects due to use of carotenoid supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Kaur Sakhi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Diet diversity and the risk of laryngeal cancer: A case–control study from Italy and Switzerland. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:85-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Louw L, Claassen J. Rationale for adjuvant fatty acid therapy to prevent radiotherapy failure and tumor recurrence during early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 78:21-6. [PMID: 18054475 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Information from a preceding lipid study contributed to the pathobiological assessment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Lipid-driven signaling pathways are responsible for laryngeal carcinogenesis and immunodeficiency. The construction of fatty acid (FA) profiles for LSCC allowed the identification of FA role players. The integration of lipid and clinicomolecular information encountered in the literature, in turn, allowed the identification of biological prognostic markers to distinguish between early (less aggressive) and advanced (more aggressive) LSCCs. High arachidonic acid (AA) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) activities are criteria for less aggressive growth, whilst low AA and COX-2 activities occur during more aggressive growth. Excessive tobacco use and environmental smoke or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and alcohol abuse can, respectively, elicit cumulative oxidative stress and an oxidative burst or interfere with signaling pathways during essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism, all factors and events which may cause LSCC. Research revealed that enhanced COX-2 activity and Bcl-2 expression prevent apoptosis and, hence, LSCCs become resistant to radiotherapy. It was also observed that recurrent laryngeal cancers become more aggressive after radiotherapy failure. It is predicted that manipulation of AA activity and consequently a cascade of downstream factors that include COX-2 and Bcl-2 expression responsible for LSCC may have therapeutic potential to improve radiotherapy outcome during early LSCC. Adjuvant FA therapy to improve early LSCC management by counteracting radiotherapy failure and unwanted complications for further management is proposed. FA therapeutic strategies before and during radiotherapeutic courses need to be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Louw
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Taylor B, Rehm J. When risk factors combine: the interaction between alcohol and smoking for aerodigestive cancer, coronary heart disease, and traffic and fire injury. Addict Behav 2006; 31:1522-35. [PMID: 16443330 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol and tobacco are responsible for a significant amount of burden of disease, but some diseases may be a result of the interaction between these two risk factors. METHODS Systematic literature review identified articles on the interaction of alcohol and smoking on a number of outcomes related to both risk behaviours. RESULTS The interaction of smoking and alcohol significantly increases risk for aerodigestive cancers, and may increase risk for traffic injury and fire injury, but there were very few quality studies on injury. The indication that the cardioprotective effect of alcohol on coronary heart disease is only valid for smokers, but this result is inconclusive because of small evidence base. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption seems to be responsible for a significant amount of disease. Unfortunately, little is known on the mechanisms and details of this interaction on disease outcomes. Future studies, especially for coronary heart disease and injury outcomes, are warranted.
Collapse
|
16
|
Suzuki T, Wakai K, Matsuo K, Hirose K, Ito H, Kuriki K, Sato S, Ueda R, Hasegawa Y, Tajima K. Effect of dietary antioxidants and risk of oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma according to smoking and drinking habits. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:760-7. [PMID: 16800818 PMCID: PMC11159902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Several intervention trials and prospective studies have reported that beta-carotene supplementation is not associated with a decreased risk of several cancers among smokers and drinkers, and that it may even have adverse effects in these groups. The relationship between dietary antioxidant intake and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been examined intensively, but little is known about the effects of antioxidants on HNSCC with respect to smoking and drinking habits. Here, we conducted a case-control study of 385 histologically confirmed cases of HNSCC (193 oral, 132 pharyngeal and 60 laryngeal), excluding nasal and paranasal cancer, and 1925 age-matched and sex-matched cancer-free outpatient controls using data from the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center, Japan. The intake of nutrients and food groups was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire, and multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for cancer were estimated for smoking and drinking habits using logistic models. The results showed an overall inverse association between the intake of dietary antioxidants, including carotene, and vitamins C and E, and risk of HNSCC. The protective effect of these antioxidants was seen in both men and women. High consumption of antioxidants was associated with a decreased risk of HNSCC among smokers, drinkers and those with both smoking and drinking habits. These findings suggest that dietary antioxidant intake prevents HNSCC in smokers and drinkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suzuki
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bosetti C, Garavello W, Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Trends in laryngeal cancer mortality in Europe. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:673-81. [PMID: 16496411 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After a steady increase since the 1950s, laryngeal cancer mortality had tended to level off since the early 1980s in men from most European countries. To update trends in laryngeal cancer mortality in Europe, age-standardized (world standard) mortality rates per 100,000 were derived from the WHO mortality database for 33 European countries over the period 1980-2001. Jointpoint analysis was used to identify significant changes in mortality rates. In the European Union (EU) as a whole, male mortality declined by 0.8% per year between 1980 and 1989, by 2.8% between 1989 and 1995, by 5.3% between 1995 and 1998, and by 1.5% thereafter (rates were 5.1/100,000 in 1980-1981 and 3.3/100,000 in 2000-2001). This mainly reflects a decrease in rates in men from western and southern European countries, which had exceedingly high rates in the past. Male laryngeal mortality rose up to the early 1990s, and leveled off thereafter in several countries from central and eastern Europe. In 2000-2001 there was still a 10-15-fold variation in male laryngeal mortality between the highest rates in Croatia (7.9/100,000) and Hungary (7.7/100,000) and the lowest ones in Sweden (0.5/100,000) and Finland (0.8/100,000). Laryngeal cancer mortality was comparatively low in women from most European countries, with stable rates around 0.3/100,000 in the EU as a whole over the last 2 decades. Laryngeal cancer trends should be interpreted in terms of patterns and changes in exposure to alcohol and tobacco. Despite recent declines, the persistence of a wide variability in male laryngeal cancer mortality indicates that there is still ample scope for prevention of laryngeal cancer in Europe.
Collapse
|
18
|
Garavello W, Bosetti C, Gallus S, Maso LD, Negri E, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. Type of alcoholic beverage and the risk of laryngeal cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2006; 15:69-73. [PMID: 16374233 DOI: 10.1097/01.cej.0000186641.19872.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A few studies have investigated whether the risk of laryngeal cancer depends on the types of alcoholic beverage consumed, providing conflicting results. We investigated this issue using the data from two case-control studies conducted in Italy between 1986 and 2000. These included 672 cases of laryngeal cancer and 3454 hospital controls, admitted for acute, non-neoplastic conditions, unrelated to smoking and alcohol consumption. Significant trends in risk were found for total alcohol intake, with multivariate odds ratios (ORs) of 1.12 for drinkers of 3-4 drinks/day, 2.43 for 5-7, 3.65 for 8-11, and 4.83 for > 12 drinks/day, as compared to abstainers or light drinkers. Corresponding ORs for wine drinkers were 1.12, 2.45, 3.29 and 5.91. After allowance was made for wine intake, the ORs for beer drinkers were 1.65 for 1-2 drinks/day, and 1.36 for > or = 3 drinks/day, as compared to non-beer drinkers; corresponding values for spirits drinkers were 0.88 and 1.15. This study thus indicates that in the Italian population characterized by frequent wine consumption, wine is the beverage most strongly related to the risk of laryngeal cancer.
Collapse
|
19
|
Altieri A, Garavello W, Bosetti C, Gallus S, La Vecchia C. Alcohol consumption and risk of laryngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 2005; 41:956-65. [PMID: 15927525 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies consistently showed that alcohol drinking increases the risk of laryngeal cancer. This risk increases with the amount of alcohol consumed: in recent studies conducted in North America, Europe, Japan and Korea the multivariate relative risks for the highest levels of consumption ranged between 2 and 10, and were 1.94 for 50 g/day and 3.95 for 100 g/day in a meta-analysis of 20 studies. Further, the risk increases by concomitant tobacco smoking, each agent approximately multiplying the effect of the other. In the absence of smoking the risks are small for moderate alcohol consumption. After stopping drinking, some fall in risk becomes apparent in the long term. The role of age at starting and stopping drinking is still unclear. In various studies, the most commonly used alcoholic beverage appears to be the most associated with laryngeal cancer risk, suggesting that no meaningful difference exists for different types of alcoholic beverages. The supraglottis is more closely related to alcohol consumption, as compared to the glottis/subglottis. Alcohol drinking may influence laryngeal cancer risk particularly through its direct contact or solvent action, perhaps by enhancing the effects of tobacco or other environmental carcinogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Altieri
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Laboratory of Epidemiology, via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bosetti C, La Vecchia C, Talamini R, Negri E, Levi F, Fryzek J, McLaughlin JK, Garavello W, Franceschi S. Energy, macronutrients and laryngeal cancer risk. Ann Oncol 2003; 14:907-12. [PMID: 12796029 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdg251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A role for diet in laryngeal carcinogenesis has been suggested, but only a few studies have examined the potential relationship with a wide variety of macronutrients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted between 1992 and 2000 in Italy and Switzerland, including 527 incident cases of laryngeal cancer, and 1297 controls hospitalized for acute, non-neoplastic conditions. The subjects' usual diet was investigated through a validated food frequency questionnaire, including 78 foods and beverages. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS Cases reported higher energy intake than controls. The continuous OR for 100 kcal/day was 1.16 (95% CI 1.12-1.21) for alcohol energy, and 1.02 (95% CI 1.01-1.04) for non-alcohol energy. A significantly increased risk of laryngeal cancer was observed for animal protein (continuous OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.03-1.41), polyunsaturated fats other than linoleic and linolenic fatty acids (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.19-1.70), and cholesterol intake (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.19-1.71). Laryngeal cancer risk was slightly reduced with increasing vegetable protein (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.91), sugar (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-1.00) and monounsaturated fatty acid intake (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Laryngeal cancer cases have a higher energy intake than control subjects, and report a higher intake of animal protein and cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bosetti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
McCann SE, Sempos C, Freudenheim JL, Muti P, Russell M, Nochajski TH, Ram M, Hovey K, Trevisan M. Alcoholic beverage preference and characteristics of drinkers and nondrinkers in western New York (United States). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2003; 13:2-11. [PMID: 12772432 DOI: 10.1016/s0939-4753(03)80162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Dietary and lifestyle characteristics may differ for drinkers of specific alcoholic beverages and nondrinkers which would have important implications for studies of alcohol and disease. Our aim in this study was to describe differences in dietary and lifestyle characteristics associated with alcoholic beverage preference in a population-based sample of healthy study participants. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were collected as part of a series of case-control studies of alcohol use, myocardial infarction, and lung, breast and prostate cancer in western New York from 1846 men and 1910 women aged 35 to 79, randomly selected from the general population of Erie and Niagara Counties. Beverage preference was defined for noncurrent vs current drinkers, and drinkers of beer, wine, liquor, and mixed beverages. Generalized linear models for continuous variables and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics for categorical variables were computed for the entire sample and stratified by gender. Participant characteristics differed by alcoholic beverage preference and drinking status. In general, wine drinkers had higher education and household incomes, lower prevalence of current smoking, higher intakes of dietary fiber, potassium, vitamin E, and total carotenoids, lower total fat intakes and higher amounts of fruits, vegetables, and grain products than consumers of other beverages. Conversely, beer and liquor drinkers had somewhat lower education and household incomes, higher rates of current smoking, higher energy and total fat intakes and consumed lower amounts of fruits, vegetables, and grain products. Finally, current nondrinkers were more likely to be older, less educated, have lower household incomes, and consume diets less consistent with dietary guidelines than current drinkers. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that usual beverage preference may encompass other health-related behaviors and underline the importance of accurate exposure measurement and use of statistical methods to accommodate these interrelationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E McCann
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, 270 Farber Hall, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pelucchi C, Talamini R, Levi F, Bosetti C, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Parpinel M, Franceschi S. Fibre intake and laryngeal cancer risk. Ann Oncol 2003; 14:162-7. [PMID: 12488309 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdg032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of vegetables, fruit and whole grain cereals has been inversely related to laryngeal cancer risk. Among the potential protective agents found in these foods, information on dietary fibres and laryngeal cancer risk are scanty. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multi-centric, hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 527 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx and 1,297 non-neoplastic controls. Cases and controls, frequency matched by age, sex and study centre, were interviewed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Compared with the lowest quintile of fibre intake, the odds ratios (ORs) for the highest quintile were 0.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-0.4] for total fibre, 0.3 (95% CI 0.2-0.5) for soluble non-cellulose polysaccharides (NCP) and for total insoluble fibre, including cellulose (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.4) and insoluble NCP (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.7). The ORs were 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.4) for fibre from vegetables, 0.5 (95% CI 0.3-0.7) from fruit and 1.1 (95% CI 0.6-1.9) from grains. The inverse association observed was similar among different subsites of laryngeal cancer, and consistent across strata of various covariates. CONCLUSIONS This study found a strong inverse association between fibre intake and laryngeal cancer risk, which points to fibre as one of the beneficial components of vegetables and fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Pelucchi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bosetti C, La Vecchia C, Talamini R, Negri E, Levi F, Dal Maso L, Franceschi S. Food groups and laryngeal cancer risk: a case-control study from Italy and Switzerland. Int J Cancer 2002; 100:355-60. [PMID: 12115553 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Besides tobacco and alcohol, diet has been thought to be associated with laryngeal cancer risk. We thus analyzed the role of various food groups, as well as specific seasoning fats, in a case-control study conducted in Northern Italy and the Swiss Canton of Vaud from 1992 to 2000. Our study included 527 incident, histologically confirmed cases and 1,297 frequency-matched controls, selected among patients admitted to the same hospitals as cases for acute, nonneoplastic conditions, unrelated to smoking, alcohol consumption and long-term modifications of diet. The subjects' usual diet was investigated through a validated food frequency questionnaire, including 78 foods and beverages. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models. After adjustment for major confounding factors, a significant trend of increasing risk was observed for eggs (OR = 1.7 for the highest compared to the lowest quintile), red meat (OR = 3.1), processed meat (OR = 1.7), fish (OR = 1.6) and sugars (OR = 1.6). Significant inverse associations were observed for pulses (OR = 0.7), raw vegetables (OR = 0.2), cooked vegetables (OR = 0.3), citrus fruit (OR = 0.6) and other fruit (OR = 0.5). In regard to seasoning fats, a significant reduction of cancer risk was observed for olive oil (OR = 0.4) and specific seed oils (OR = 0.6), while mixed seed oils were directly associated with laryngeal cancer risk (OR = 2.2). Our study suggests that increasing vegetables and fruit, decreasing meat consumption and perhaps substituting olive oil or specific seed oils for other types of seasoning lipids might help reduce laryngeal cancer risk.
Collapse
|
24
|
Oreggia F, De Stefani E, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Ronco AL. Meat, fat and risk of laryngeal cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay. Oral Oncol 2001; 37:141-5. [PMID: 11167140 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(00)00074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of meat and fat in laryngeal carcinogenesis was examined in a case-control study carried out in Uruguay in the time period 1998-1999. One-hundred and forty patients with squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma and 420 hospitalized patients, afflicted with conditions not related with tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking or recent dietary changes comprised the cases and controls in this study. All patients were interviewed face-to-face in the hospitals with a detailed questionnaire which included queries on 64 food items. Red and total meat intakes were associated with strong increases in risk of laryngeal cancer (odds ratio [OR] for high total meat intake 3.32, 95% confidence interval [C.I.] 1.23-8.95). This effect disappeared after controlling for total fat intake. On the other hand, total fat intake displayed a strong association with risk of laryngeal cancer when red meat was included in the same model (OR for high fat intake 7.05, 95% C.I. 2.51-19.8). Total fat intake combines its effect multiplicatively with tobacco smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Oreggia
- Academia Nacional de Medicina, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
De Stefani E, Boffetta P, Oreggia F, Brennan P, Ronco A, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Mendilaharsu M. Plant foods and risk of laryngeal cancer: A case-control study in Uruguay. Int J Cancer 2000; 87:129-32. [PMID: 10861463 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000701)87:1<129::aid-ijc19>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In order to examine the relationships between plant foods, defined as the grouping of vegetables, fruits, tubers and legumes, with the risk of developing laryngeal cancer, a case-control study was conducted in Uruguay between 1998-1999. The study included 148 cases with histologically verified squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, which were frequency matched on age, residence and urban/rural status with 444 hospitalized controls, afflicted by non-neoplastic conditions. Both series of patients were face-to-face interviewed in the hospitals shortly after admittance using a detailed questionnaire. This questionnaire included 62 queries on food items, representative of the usual diet of the Uruguayan population. Food items and food groups were adjusted for tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and total energy intake. High consumption of plant foods was associated with an OR of 0.42 (95% CI 0.21-0.84). Among subgroups of plant foods, fruits and raw vegetables were associated with a strong reduction in risk (OR for the highest quartile of raw vegetables 0.29, 95% CI 0.15-0.56). Also, legumes were associated with a protective effect (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.33-1.19). Among individual food items, tomatoes and oranges were associated with the stronger protective effects (OR for tomato intake 0.32, 95% CI 0. 17-0.58). The joint effect of heavy smoking and the low intake of vegetables and fruits displayed an increased risk of 19.2 (95% CI 5. 7-64.9).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E De Stefani
- Registro Nacional de C¿ancer, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Szyfter K, Szmeja Z, Szyfter W, Hemminki K, Banaszewski J, Jaskuła-Sztul R, Louhelainen J. Molecular and cellular alterations in tobacco smoke-associated larynx cancer. Mutat Res 1999; 445:259-74. [PMID: 10575435 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(99)00131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumours of head and neck belong to the most frequent types of cancer world-wide. In Poland, mortality from larynx cancer among males has been continuously increasing during the last decades up to 8.4 deaths per 100,000 men in 1993, which exceeds epidemiological records from other countries. The aetiology of laryngeal cancer is strongly associated with exposure to carcinogens present in tobacco smoke. The review describes a sequence of molecular and cellular events from carcinogenic exposure, DNA adduct formation, detection of mutations in the p53 gene, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in chromosomal loci encoding the p53 and p16 genes, and loss of control of the cell cycle. The section concerning DNA adducts includes a discussion of the role of such confounders as exogenous exposure, the age and sex of the subject, and disease progression. The significance of genetic factors as individual risk determinants is discussed in relation to bleomycin-induced chromosome instability and in connection with the occurrence of defects in genes encoding detoxifying enzymes. The question concerning the substantial difference between men and women in larynx cancer morbidity and mortality remains open, even when the significantly higher adduct formation in male DNA compared with female material was taken into account. Preliminary experiments suggest a role of the frequently observed loss of the Y-chromosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Szyfter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigars have been heavily promoted in recent years. The nature and extent of the resultant increase in cigar smoking needs to be understood before the public health implications can be assessed. METHODS Data are from population-based surveys conducted in California adults (> or = 18 years) in 1990 (n = 24,296) and 1996 (n = 24,266). Trends in current (every day or some days) cigar use are described for demographic subgroups and by cigarette smoking status. RESULTS Current cigar use has doubled in California, from 2.5% in 1990 to 4.9% in 1996. In 1996, fewer than 5% of cigar smokers smoked cigars daily; essentially all of the increase was from nondaily use in those under 45 years of age of both genders, particularly in 18- to 24-year-olds. Among males, increased cigar use was observed in all racial/ethnic groups except Asians, and was observed in those with higher educational attainment and higher incomes. In both years, current and former cigarette smokers had higher rates of cigar use than never smokers, but the increase in current cigar smoking was observed regardless of cigarette smoking status. In 1996, daily cigar smokers were more likely to be former cigarette smokers than nondaily cigar smokers. CONCLUSION If more people begin to smoke cigars daily, or if cigar use leads young people to initiate cigarette smoking or leads former cigarette smokers to relapse to cigarette smoking, the recent trends in cigar use may have public health implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Gilpin
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0645, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
De Stefani E, Ronco A, Mendilaharsu M, Deneo-Pellegrini H. Diet and risk of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract--II. Nutrients. Oral Oncol 1999; 35:22-6. [PMID: 10211306 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(98)00061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to examine the risks of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADC) associated with nutrient intake, a case-control study was conducted in Uruguay in the period of January 1996-December 1997. All patients afflicted with cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus, were included in the study. Cases were frequency-matched with hospitalized patients on age, sex, residence, and urban/rural status. A strong positive association with protein intake was observed (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.4), whereas antioxidants were associated with an inverse association (OR for vitamin C 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8). Non-nutritive substances, like flavonoids displayed a marked reduction in risk of 70%. Possible mechanisms for these findings are discussed.
Collapse
|
29
|
Affiliation(s)
- W F McGuirt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Estève J, Riboli E, Péquignot G, Terracini B, Merletti F, Crosignani P, Ascunce N, Zubiri L, Blanchet F, Raymond L, Repetto F, Tuyns AJ. Diet and cancers of the larynx and hypopharynx: the IARC multi-center study in southwestern Europe. Cancer Causes Control 1996; 7:240-52. [PMID: 8740737 DOI: 10.1007/bf00051300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The main causes of cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx are smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol. However, for these as well as for other cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, some dietary components, mainly low consumption of fruit and vegetables, have been observed to be associated with increased cancer risk. We report results from a multicenter case-control study carried out in six regions of Europe located in northern Spain, northern Italy, Switzerland, and France. A total of 1,147 males with cancer (cases) and 3,057 population controls were interviewed on usual diet, lifelong drinking and smoking habits, and occupational history. Cancer cases had histologically verified epidermoid carcinomas. The cancers were classified in two anatomic sub-entities: the epilarynx (hypopharynx and upper part of the larynx), which enters into contact with the bolus and the air; and the endolarynx, through which air and tobacco smoke pass, but not the bolus. A previous report from this study found that alcohol drinking presents a greater risk factor for cancer of the epilarynx than for cancer of the endolarynx. The main results regarding diet indicate that high intake of fruit, vegetables, vegetable oil, fish, and low intake of butter and preserved meats were associated with reduced risk of both epilaryngeal and endolaryngeal cancers, after adjustment for alcohol, tobacco, socioeconomic status, and non-alcohol energy intake. Among nutrients, a reduced risk was found for high intake of vitamins C and E and for a high polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids (P/S) ratio. While these variables are relevant in scoring nutritional behaviour, it remains unresolved whether the biologic properties of these nutrients play a role in the apparent protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Estève
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The main etiologic factors of cancers of the larynx and hypopharynx are alcohol and tobacco, and their prevalence in different populations explains, to a large extent, the wide variations in incidence observed around the world. Besides these two main risk factors, however, diet also seems to play a role in determining the risk of these cancers. There is consistent evidence that low consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with higher risk, after statistical adjustment for alcohol and tobacco. Consumption of vegetable oils and fish and a moderately high polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio (P/S ratio) were reported to be associated with reduced risk. Low intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene and vitamin E were reported consistently to be associated with higher laryngeal cancer risk, but there was no clear evidence that these micronutrients are better predictors of cancer risk than the principal food groups from which their intake levels were estimated, i.e., fruits, vegetables, vegetable oils, and fish. Given the overwhelming role of tobacco and alcohol in the etiology of these cancers and the extremely low incidence among nonsmokers/nondrinkers, the available studies provide no estimate of the role of diet in subjects not exposed to these factors. The evidence indicates, however, that, in the presence of tobacco and/or alcohol, low intake of fruit and vegetables may account for 25 to 50 percent of the cases among men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Riboli
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Prévention des seconds cancers primaires par supplémentation vitaminique chez les patients traités pour un cancer ORL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0924-4212(96)81345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
33
|
De Stefani E, Oreggia F, Rivero S, Ronco A, Fierro L. Salted meat consumption and the risk of laryngeal cancer. Eur J Epidemiol 1995; 11:177-80. [PMID: 7672072 DOI: 10.1007/bf01719484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A hospital-based, case-control study of laryngeal cancer was conducted in the Oncology Institute, Montevideo, Uruguay, during 1988-1992, in which 143 new cases and 460 controls were interviewed. The study was restricted to males. As in most previous studies tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking were the major risk factors. Past and current salted meat consumption was associated with increased risks of laryngeal cancer, after controlling for the effects of tobacco and alcohol. Cigarette smoking and consumption of salted meat appeared to increase the risk of laryngeal cancer in a multiplicative fashion. Fresh meat consumption (beef) was also associated with an increased risk of laryngeal cancer (OR 2.0). After controlling for fresh meat ingestion, the estimates for salted meat remained significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E De Stefani
- Registro Nacional de Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Oncología, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vilenchik MM. Beta-Carotene and the Prevention of Cancer. Science 1994. [DOI: 10.1126/science.266.5182.14.b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Vilenchik
- Longevity Achievement Foundation, 2129 Providence Avenue, Chester, PA 19013, USA
| |
Collapse
|