1
|
Wang Y, Lu Z, Liu B, Seidi F, Zhang C, Jiang B, Huang C, Xiao H, Wang P, Jin Y. Antitumor Effects of Carrier-Free Functionalized Lignin Materials on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4329-4342. [PMID: 38261787 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, as an abundant aromatic biopolymer in plants, has great potential for medical applications due to its active sites, antioxidant activity, low biotoxicity, and good biocompatibility. In this work, a simple and ecofriendly approach for lignin fractionation and modification was developed to improve the antitumor activity of lignin. The lignin fraction KL-3 obtained by the lignin gradient acid precipitation at pH = 9-13 showed good cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the cell-feeding lignin after additional structural modifications such as demethylation (DKL-3), sulfonation (SL-3), and demethylsulfonation (DSKL-3) could exhibit higher glutathione responsiveness in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in reactive oxygen species accumulation and mitochondrial damage and eventually leading to apoptosis in HepG2 cells with minimal damage to normal cells. The IC50 values for KL-3, SL-3, and DSKL-3 were 0.71, 0.57, and 0.41 mg/mL, respectively, which were superior to those of other biomass extractives or unmodified lignin. Importantly, in vivo experiments conducted in nude mouse models demonstrated good biosafety and effective tumor destruction. This work provides a promising example of constructing carrier-free functionalized lignin antitumor materials with different structures for inhibiting the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, which is expected to improve cancer therapy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boarino A, Charmillot J, Figueirêdo MB, Le TTH, Carrara N, Klok HA. Ductile, High-Lignin-Content Thermoset Films and Coatings. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:16442-16452. [PMID: 38028402 PMCID: PMC10664141 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In the context of transitioning toward a more sustainable use of natural resources, the application of lignin to substitute commonly utilized petroleum-based plastics can play a key role. Although lignin is highly available at low cost and presents interesting properties, such as antioxidant and UV barrier activities, its application is limited by its low reactivity, which is a consequence of harsh conditions normally used to extract lignin from biomass. In this work, the use of glyoxylic acid lignin (GA lignin), rich in carboxylic acid groups and hence highly reactive toward epoxy cross-linkers, is presented. GA lignin, which is directly extracted from biomass via a one-step aldehyde-assisted fractionation process, allowed the preparation of thermoset films and coatings via a simple reaction with sustainable poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether and glycerol diglycidyl ether cross-linkers. This allows one to prepare freestanding films containing up to 70 wt % lignin with tunable mechanical properties and covalently surface-attached coatings containing up to 90 wt % lignin with high solvent resistance. Both films and coatings display antioxidant properties and combine excellent UV barrier activity with high visible transparency, which is attractive for applications in sustainable food packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Boarino
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justine Charmillot
- Bloom
Biorenewables, Route
de l’Ancienne Papeterie 106, CH-1723 Marly, Switzerland
| | | | - Thanh T. H. Le
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Carrara
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou J, Yue Y, Wei X, Xie Y. Preparation and Anti-Lung Cancer Activity Analysis of Guaiacyl-Type Dehydrogenation Polymer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083589. [PMID: 37110827 PMCID: PMC10142027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, guaiacyl dehydrogenated lignin polymer (G-DHP) was synthesized using coniferin as a substrate in the presence of β-glucosidase and laccase. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) determination revealed that the structure of G-DHP was relatively similar to that of ginkgo milled wood lignin (MWL), with both containing β-O-4, β-5, β-1, β-β, and 5-5 substructures. G-DHP fractions with different molecular weights were obtained by classification with different polar solvents. The bioactivity assay indicated that the ether-soluble fraction (DC2) showed the strongest inhibition of A549 lung cancer cells, with an IC50 of 181.46 ± 28.01 μg/mL. The DC2 fraction was further purified using medium-pressure liquid chromatography. Anti-cancer analysis revealed that the D4 and D5 compounds from DC2 had better anti-tumor activity, with IC50 values of 61.54 ± 17.10 μg/mL and 28.61 ± 8.52 μg/mL, respectively. Heating electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HESI-MS) results showed that both the D4 and D5 were β-5-linked dimers of coniferyl aldehyde, and the 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR analyses confirmed the structure of the D5. Together, these results indicate that the presence of an aldehyde group on the side chain of the phenylpropane unit of G-DHP enhances its anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhou
- Research Institute of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yue
- Research Institute of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Research Institute of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yimin Xie
- Research Institute of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boarino A, Klok HA. Opportunities and Challenges for Lignin Valorization in Food Packaging, Antimicrobial, and Agricultural Applications. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1065-1077. [PMID: 36745923 PMCID: PMC10015462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of renewable resources is essential to help transition toward a more sustainable materials economy. The valorization of lignin can be a key component of this transition. Lignin is an aromatic polymer that constitutes approximately one-third of the total lignocellulosic biomass and is isolated in huge quantities as a waste material of biofuel and paper production. About 98% of the 100 million tons of lignin produced each year is simply burned as low-value fuel, so this renewable polymer is widely available at very low cost. Lignin has valuable properties that make it a promising material for numerous applications, but it is far from being fully exploited. The aim of this Perspective is to highlight opportunities and challenges for the use of lignin-based materials in food packaging, antimicrobial, and agricultural applications. In the first part, the ongoing research and the possible future developments for the use of lignin as an additive to improve mechanical, gas and UV barrier, and antioxidant properties of food packaging items will be treated. Second, the application of lignin as an antimicrobial agent will be discussed to elaborate on the activity of lignin against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Finally, the use of lignin in agriculture will be presented by focusing on the application of lignin as fertilizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Boarino
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mandal DD, Singh G, Majumdar S, Chanda P. Challenges in developing strategies for the valorization of lignin-a major pollutant of the paper mill industry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:11119-11140. [PMID: 36504305 PMCID: PMC9742045 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Apart from protecting the environment from undesired waste impacts, wastewater treatment is a crucial platform for recovery. The exploitation of suitable technology to transform the wastes from pulp and paper industries (PPI) to value-added products is vital from an environmental and socio-economic point of view that will impact everyday life. As the volume and complexity of wastewater increase in a rapidly urbanizing world, the challenge of maintaining efficient wastewater treatment in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner must be met. In addition to producing treated water, the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has a large amount of paper mill sludge (PMS) daily. Sludge management and disposal are significant problems associated with wastewater treatment plants. Applying the biorefinery concept is necessary for PPI from an environmental point of view and because of the piles of valuables contained therein in the form of waste. This will provide a renewable source for producing valuables and bio-energy and aid in making the overall process more economical and environmentally sustainable. Therefore, it is compulsory to continue inquiry on different applications of wastes, with proper justification of the environmental and economic factors. This review discusses current trends and challenges in wastewater management and the bio-valorization of paper mills. Lignin has been highlighted as a critical component for generating valuables, and its recovery prospects from solid and liquid PPI waste have been suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Dasgupta Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, 713209 West Bengal India
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, 713209 West Bengal India
| | - Subhasree Majumdar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, 713209 West Bengal India
- Department of Zoology, Sonamukhi College, Sonamukhi, Bankura, 722207 West Bengal India
| | - Protik Chanda
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, 713209 West Bengal India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boarino A, Schreier A, Leterrier Y, Klok HA. Uniformly Dispersed Poly(lactic acid)-Grafted Lignin Nanoparticles Enhance Antioxidant Activity and UV-Barrier Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Packaging Films. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:4808-4817. [PMID: 35846781 PMCID: PMC9274615 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) represents one of the most widely used biodegradable polymers for food packaging applications. While this material provides many advantages, it is characterized by limited antioxidant and UV-barrier properties. Blending PLA with lignin is an attractive strategy to address these limitations. Lignin possesses antioxidant properties and absorbs UV-light and is a widely available low value byproduct of the paper and pulp industry. This study has explored the use of lignin nanoparticles to augment the properties of PLA-based films. A central challenge in the preparation of PLA-lignin nanoparticle blend films is to avoid nanoparticle aggregation, which could compromise optical properties as well as antioxidant activity, among others. To avoid nanoparticle aggregation in the PLA matrix, PLA-grafted lignin nanoparticles were prepared via organocatalyzed lactide ring-opening polymerization. In contrast to lignin and unmodified lignin nanoparticles, these PLA-grafted lignin nanoparticles could be uniformly dispersed in PLA for lignin contents up to 10 wt %. The addition of as little as the equivalent of 1 wt % of lignin of these nanoparticles effectively blocked transmission of 280 nm UV-light. At the same time, these blend films retained reasonable visible light transmittance. The optical properties of the PLA lignin blend films also benefited from the well-dispersed nature of the PLA-grafted nanoparticles, as evidenced by significantly higher visible light transmittance of blends of PLA and PLA-grafted nanoparticles, as compared to blends prepared from PLA with lignin or unmodified lignin nanoparticles. Finally, blending PLA with PLA-grafted lignin nanoparticles greatly augments the antioxidant activity of these films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Boarino
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aigoul Schreier
- Institut
des Matériaux, Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Station
12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Leterrier
- Institut
des Matériaux, Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Station
12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- . Phone: + 41 21 693 4866
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sugiarto S, Leow Y, Tan CL, Wang G, Kai D. How far is Lignin from being a biomedical material? Bioact Mater 2022; 8:71-94. [PMID: 34541388 PMCID: PMC8424518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a versatile biomass that possesses many different desirable properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-UV, and good biocompatibility. Natural lignin can be processed through several chemical processes. The processed lignin can be modified into functionalized lignin through chemical modifications to develop and enhance biomaterials. Thus, lignin is one of the prime candidate for various biomaterial applications such as drug and gene delivery, biosensors, bioimaging, 3D printing, tissue engineering, and dietary supplement additive. This review presents the potential of developing and utilizing lignin in the outlook of new and sustainable biomaterials. Thereafter, we also discuss on the challenges and outlook of utilizing lignin as a biomaterial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigit Sugiarto
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Yihao Leow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Chong Li Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Guan Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shu F, Jiang B, Yuan Y, Li M, Wu W, Jin Y, Xiao H. Biological Activities and Emerging Roles of Lignin and Lignin-Based Products─A Review. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4905-4918. [PMID: 34806363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive substances, displaying excellent biocompatibility, chemical stability, and processability, could be extensively applied in biomedicine and tissue engineering. In recent years, plant-based bioactive substances such as flavonoids, vitamins, terpenes, and lignin have received considerable attention due to their human health benefits and pharmaceutical/medical applications. Among them is lignin, an amorphous biomacromolecule mainly derived from the combinatorial radical coupling of three phenylpropane units (p-hydroxypenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl) during lignification. Lignin possesses intrinsic bioactivities (antioxidative, antibacterial, anti-UV activities, etc.) against phytopathogens. Lignin also enhances the plant resistance (adaptability) against environmental stresses. The abundant structural features of lignin offer other significant bioactivities including antitumor and antivirus bioactivities, regulation of plant growth, and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. This Review reports the latest research results on the bioactive potential of lignin and lignin-based substances in biomedicine, agriculture, and biomass conversion. Moreover, the interfacial reactions and bonding mechanisms of lignin with biotissue/cells and other constituents were also discussed, aiming at promoting the conversion or evolution of lignin from industrial wastes to value-added bioactive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.,Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mohan Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.,Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B5A3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chee PL, Sugiarto S, Yu Y, Tan YC, Ye E, Kai D, Loh XJ. Antioxidative and Anti‐UV Lignin Carrier for Peptide Delivery. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) A*STAR 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08‐03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Sigit Sugiarto
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) A*STAR 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08‐03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Yong Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) A*STAR 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08‐03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Ying Chuan Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) A*STAR 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08‐03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) A*STAR 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08‐03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) A*STAR 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08‐03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) A*STAR 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08‐03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Demir F. Formation and characterization of mechanochemically generated free lignin radicals from olive seeds. Turk J Chem 2021; 45:282-294. [PMID: 34104044 PMCID: PMC8164204 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2008-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, formation and quantification of mechanochemically generated free radicals of lignin were evaluated after the extraction of lignin from olive seeds and detailed lignin characterization was performed. Lignin was extracted from crushed olive seeds as an insoluble solid using Klason method. Isolated lignin was mechanochemically grinded under cryo conditions using Cryomill and particlesizes were determined by using Zeta Sizer, structural changes were followed by XRD and FTIR-ATR; thermal stabilities were tracked by TGA and DSC. In order to enable solubility demanding studies (such as 1H‑NMR and GPC), acylation of lignin was accomplished. ESR measurements were completed to prove the nature of the radicals. Free radicals cavenging activity of olive seed lignin was determined and quantified using 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Number of created mechanoradicals (per gram of olive seed lignin) was calculated from the corresponding UV‑Vis spectra. Finally, morphological changes of the lignin over cryomilling was evaluated using SEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thá EL, Matos M, Avelino F, Lomonaco D, Rodrigues-Souza I, Gagosian VSC, Cestari MM, Magalhães WLE, Leme DM. Safety aspects of kraft lignin fractions: Discussions on the in chemico antioxidant activity and the induction of oxidative stress on a cell-based in vitro model. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:977-986. [PMID: 33887289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex phenolic biopolymer present in plant cell walls and a by-product of the cellulose pulping industry. Lignin has functional properties, such as antioxidant activity, that make it a potential natural active ingredient for health-care products. However, not all safety aspects of lignin fractions have been adequately investigated. Herein, we evaluated the antioxidant and genotoxic potential of two hardwood kraft lignins (F3 and F5). The chemical characterization of F3 and F5 demonstrated their thermal stability and the presence of different phenolic units, while the DPPH assay confirmed the antioxidant activity of these lignin fractions. Despite being antioxidants in the DPPH assay, F3 and F5 were capable of generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently causing oxidative DNA damage (Comet assay) in HepG2 cells. The biological relevance of the DPPH assay might be uncertain in some cases; therefore, we suggest combining in chemico tests with biological system-based tests to determine efficacy and safety levels of lignins and define appropriate applications of lignins for consumer products. Moreover, kraft lignins obtained by acid precipitation may pose risks to human health; however, as genotoxicity is not the sole endpoint of toxicity required in hazard assessments, additional toxicological evaluations are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanoela Lundgren Thá
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mailson Matos
- Graduate Program in Engineering and Materials Science (PIPE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francisco Avelino
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE), Iguatu, CE, Brazil
| | - Diego Lomonaco
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry - Federal University of Ceará (UFCE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isisdoris Rodrigues-Souza
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Washington Luiz Esteves Magalhães
- Graduate Program in Engineering and Materials Science (PIPE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abiri R, Atabaki N, Sanusi R, Malik S, Abiri R, Safa P, Shukor NAA, Abdul-Hamid H. New Insights into the Biological Properties of Eucalyptus-Derived Essential Oil: A Promising Green Anti-Cancer Drug. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1877300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rambod Abiri
- Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE 43400 UPM, Malaysia
| | - Narges Atabaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE 43400 UPM, Malaysia
| | - Ruzana Sanusi
- Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE 43400 UPM, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Management, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang DE 43400 UPM, Malaysia
| | - Sonia Malik
- Health Science Graduate Program, Biological & Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhao, Sao Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parastoo Safa
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE 43400 UPM, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aini Ab Shukor
- Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE 43400 UPM, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Management, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang DE 43400 UPM, Malaysia
| | - Hazandy Abdul-Hamid
- Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE 43400 UPM, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Management, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang DE 43400 UPM, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Beckers S, Peil S, Wurm FR. Pesticide-Loaded Nanocarriers from Lignin Sulfonates-A Promising Tool for Sustainable Plant Protection. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:18468-18475. [PMID: 33381356 PMCID: PMC7756456 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a promising feedstock in sustainable formulations for agrochemicals not only because of its biodegradability but also because the biopolymer occurs naturally in the cell wall of plants and therefore is renewable and abundant. We used different lignin sulfonates to prepare stable aqueous dispersions of lignin nanocarriers loaded with agrochemicals by interfacial cross-linking in a direct miniemulsion. Despite the differences in structure and functionality, different lignin sulfonates were successfully methacrylated and degrees of methacrylation (>70%) were achieved. The resulting methacrylated lignin sulfonates were water-soluble and exhibited interfacial activity; they were used as reactive surfactants to stabilize oil droplets (cyclohexane or olive or rapeseed oil) loaded with a dithiol cross-linker [EDBET, 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylthiol)] and a hydrophobic cargo (the fluorescent dye 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-phenyl-4,4-difluoroboradiazaindacene or the commercial fungicides prothioconazole and pyraclostrobin). After the addition of a water-soluble base, the thia-Michael addition was initiated at the droplet interface and produced lignin sulfonate nanocarriers with a core-shell structure within oily core and a cross-linked shell. Nanocarriers with diameters of ca. 200-300 nm were prepared; encapsulation efficiencies between 65 and 90% were achieved depending on the cargo. When the amount of the cross-linker was varied, the resulting lignin nanocarriers allowed a controlled release of loaded cargo by diffusion over a period of several days. The strategy proves the potential of lignin sulfonates as a feedstock for delivery systems for advanced plant protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Beckers
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Peil
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Sustainable
Polymer Chemistry Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, Universiteit
Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500
AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Freitas FMC, Cerqueira MA, Gonçalves C, Azinheiro S, Garrido-Maestu A, Vicente AA, Pastrana LM, Teixeira JA, Michelin M. Green synthesis of lignin nano- and micro-particles: Physicochemical characterization, bioactive properties and cytotoxicity assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1798-1809. [PMID: 32961194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lignin particles (LPs) have gained prominence due to their biodegradability and bioactive properties. LP production at nano and micro scale produced from organosolv lignin and the understanding of size's effect on their properties is unexplored. This work aimed to produce and characterize lignin nanoparticles and microparticles using a green synthesis process, based on ethanol-solubilized lignin and water. Spherical shape LPs, with a mean size of 75 nm and 215 nm and with a low polydispersity were produced, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. LPs thermal stability improved over raw lignin, and the chemical structure of lignin was not affected by the production method. The antimicrobial tests proved that LPs presented a bacteriostatic effect on Escherichiacoli and Salmonella enterica. Regarding the antioxidant potential, LPs had a good antioxidant activity that increased with the reaction time and LPs concentration. LPs also presented an antioxidant effect against intracellular ROS, reducing the intracellular ROS levels significantly. Furthermore, the LPs showed a low cytotoxic effect in Caco-2 cell line. These results showed that LPs at different scales (nano and micro) present biological properties and are safe to be used in different high value industrial sectors, such as biomedical, pharmaceutical and food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa M C Freitas
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Cerqueira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina Gonçalves
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sarah Azinheiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - António A Vicente
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo M Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Michele Michelin
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
In vitro cytotoxicity studies of industrial Eucalyptus kraft lignins on mouse hepatoma, melanoma and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:353-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
16
|
Ganewatta MS, Lokupitiya HN, Tang C. Lignin Biopolymers in the Age of Controlled Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1176. [PMID: 31336845 PMCID: PMC6680560 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers made from natural biomass are gaining interest due to the rising environmental concerns and depletion of petrochemical resources. Lignin isolated from lignocellulosic biomass is the second most abundant natural polymer next to cellulose. The paper pulp process produces industrial lignin as a byproduct that is mostly used for energy and has less significant utility in materials applications. High abundance, rich chemical functionalities, CO2 neutrality, reinforcing properties, antioxidant and UV blocking abilities, as well as environmental friendliness, make lignin an interesting substrate for materials and chemical development. However, poor processability, low reactivity, and intrinsic structural heterogeneity limit lignins' polymeric applications in high-performance advanced materials. With the advent of controlled polymerization methods such as ATRP, RAFT, and ADMET, there has been a great interest in academia and industry to make value-added polymeric materials from lignin. This review focuses on recent investigations that utilize controlled polymerization methods to generate novel lignin-based polymeric materials. Polymers developed from lignin-based monomers, various polymer grafting technologies, copolymer properties, and their applications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra S Ganewatta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Ingevity Corporation, 5255 Virginia Avenue, North Charleston, SC 29406, USA.
| | - Hasala N Lokupitiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saha M, Saynik PB, Borah A, Malani RS, Arya P, Shivangi, Moholkar VS. Dioxane-based extraction process for production of high quality lignin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Siddiqui L, Mishra H, Mishra PK, Iqbal Z, Talegaonkar S. Novel 4-in-1 strategy to combat colon cancer, drug resistance and cancer relapse utilizing functionalized bioinspiring lignin nanoparticle. Med Hypotheses 2018; 121:10-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
Farooq M, Zou T, Riviere G, Sipponen MH, Österberg M. Strong, Ductile, and Waterproof Cellulose Nanofibril Composite Films with Colloidal Lignin Particles. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:693-704. [PMID: 30358992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Brittleness has hindered commercialization of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films. The use of synthetic polymers and plasticizers is a known detour that impairs biodegradability and carbon footprint of the product. Herein, we utilize a variety of softwood Kraft lignin morphologies to obtain strong and ductile CNF nanocomposite films. An optimum 10 wt % content of colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) produced films with nearly double the toughness compared to a CNF film without lignin. CLPs rendered the films waterproof, provided antioxidant activity and UV-shielding with better visible light transmittance than obtained with irregular lignin aggregates. We conclude based on electron microscopy, dynamic water sorption analysis, and tp-DSC that homogeneously distributed CLPs act as ball bearing lubricating and stress transferring agents in the CNF matrix. Overall, our results open new avenues for the utilization of lignin nanoparticles in biopolymer composites equipped with versatile functionalities for applications in food packaging, water purification, and biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering , Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems , Vuorimiehentie 1 , 02150 Espoo , Finland
| | - Tao Zou
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering , Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems , Vuorimiehentie 1 , 02150 Espoo , Finland
| | - Guillaume Riviere
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering , Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems , Vuorimiehentie 1 , 02150 Espoo , Finland
| | - Mika H Sipponen
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering , Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems , Vuorimiehentie 1 , 02150 Espoo , Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering , Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems , Vuorimiehentie 1 , 02150 Espoo , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Buono P, Duval A, Avérous L, Habibi Y. Clicking Biobased Polyphenols: A Sustainable Platform for Aromatic Polymeric Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:2472-2491. [PMID: 29862669 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, tannins, and cashew nut shell liquid are considered the main sources of aromatic-based macromolecules. They represent an abundant alternative feedstock for the elaboration of aromatic chemicals and polymers, with a view to replacing some fossil-based fractions. Located in different tissues of plants, these compounds, with a large diversity and structural complexity, have, to date, been considered as byproducts derived from fractionation-separation industrial processes with low added value. In the last decade, the use of click chemistry as a tool for the synthesis of controlled macromolecular architectures has seen much development in fundamental and applied research for a wide range of applications. It could represent a valid solution to overcome the main limitations encountered in the chemical modification of natural sources of chemicals, with an environmentally friendly approach to create new substrates for the development of innovative polymers and materials. After a brief description of the main aromatic biopolymers, including the main extraction techniques, along with their structure and their properties, this Review describes chemical modifications that have mainly been focused on natural polyphenols, with the aim of introducing clickable groups, and their further use for the synthesis of biobased materials and additives. Special emphasis is given to several as-yet unexplored chemical features that could contribute to further fundamental and applied materials science research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Buono
- Department of Materials Research and Technology (MRT), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Antoine Duval
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67087, France
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67087, France
| | - Youssef Habibi
- Department of Materials Research and Technology (MRT), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qin Z, Zhang ZG, Liu HM, Qin GY, Wang XD. Acetic acid lignins from Chinese quince fruit (Chaenomeles sinensis): effect of pretreatment on their structural features and antioxidant activities. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24923-24931. [PMID: 35542132 PMCID: PMC9082293 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, three pretreatment processes were evaluated for their effects on the structural features and antioxidant activities of lignins extracted by the acetosolv process from the fruit of Chinese quince. The three pretreatments included dephenolization, sugar removal, and multiple processes (a combination of both dephenolization and sugar removal). The results showed that after sugar removal pretreatment, the carbohydrate content, the molecular weight and S/G value of the lignin fractions decreased. However, after dephenolization pretreatment, the carbohydrate content and the molecular weight of the lignin fractions increased. After sugar removal and dephenolization, there were increases in the temperatures corresponding to the maximal rate of decomposition (DTGmax) in all lignin fractions. The radical scavenging index of lignin after sugar removal pretreatment was higher compared to other pretreatments and no treatment. The results of these tests showed that sugar removal, as a pretreatment, enhanced lignin extraction, yielding pure and highly functional lignins. Additionally, dephenolization or multiple process were beneficial to the acquisition of macromolecular lignins. All the results provided references for the biorefinery of biomass rich in polyphenol and sugar compounds. Three pretreatments, including sugar removal, dephenolization and multiple processes, are applied on the lignin extraction from Chinese quince fruits.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Qin
- School of Physics and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
- College of Food Science and Technology
| | - Zhao-Guo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- College of International Education
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- College of International Education
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
| | - Guang-Yong Qin
- School of Physics and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
| | - Xue-De Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- College of International Education
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Toward Complete Utilization of Miscanthus in a Hot-Water Extraction-Based Biorefinery. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Miscanthus (Miscanthus sp. Family: Poaceae) was hot-water extracted (two h, at 160 °C) at three scales: laboratory (Parr reactor, 300 cm3), intermediate (M/K digester, 4000 cm3), and pilot (65 ft3-digester, 1.841 × 106 cm3). Hot-water extracted miscanthus, hydrolyzate, and lignin recovered from hydrolyzate were characterized and evaluated for potential uses aiming at complete utilization of miscanthus. Effects of scale-up on digester yield, removal of hemicelluloses, deashing, delignification degree, lignin recovery and purity, and cellulose retention were studied. The scale-dependent results demonstrated that before implementation, hot-water extraction (HWE) should be evaluated on a scale larger than a laboratory scale. The production of energy-enriched fuel pellets from hot-water extracted miscanthus, especially in combination with recovered lignin is recommended, as energy of combustion increased gradually from native to hot-water extracted miscanthus to recovered lignin. The native and pilot-scale hot-water extracted miscanthus samples were also subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using a cellulase-hemicellulase cocktail, to produce fermentable sugars. Hot-water extracted biomass released higher amount of glucose and xylose verifying benefits of HWE as an effective pretreatment for xylan-rich lignocellulosics. The recovered lignin was used to prepare a formaldehyde-free alternative to phenol-formaldehyde resins and as an antioxidant. Promising results were obtained for these lignin valorization pathways.
Collapse
|
23
|
Beisl S, Friedl A, Miltner A. Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2367. [PMID: 29117142 PMCID: PMC5713336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nanosize lignin has recently gained interest due to improved properties compared to standard lignin available today. As the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, lignin is readily available but used for rather low-value applications. This review focuses on the application of micro- and nanostructured lignin in final products or processes that all show potential for high added value. The fields of application are ranging from improvement of mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites, bactericidal and antioxidant properties and impregnations to hollow lignin drug carriers for hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. Also, a carbonization of lignin nanostructures can lead to high-value applications such as use in supercapacitors for energy storage. The properties of the final product depend on the surface properties of the nanomaterial and, therefore, on factors like the lignin source, extraction method, and production/precipitation methods, as discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Beisl
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anton Friedl
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Angela Miltner
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fermented pomegranate wastes as sustainable source of ellagic acid: Antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory action, and controlled release under simulated digestion conditions. Food Chem 2017; 246:129-136. [PMID: 29291831 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Wastes deriving from production of wines by yeast fermentation of Punica granatum (fermented pomegranate wastes, FPW) showed a marked antioxidant activity in a series of conventional chemical tests. HPLC/MS analysis of the methanol extract showed the presence of ellagic acid (EA) as the main phenolic component at levels up to 40% on a w/w basis. Experiments using murine macrophages showed that FPW extract is able to reduce the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS. A remarkable increase in the antioxidant properties and extractable EA content was observed following acid hydrolytic treatment of FPW. Under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, EA was slowly released from FPW up to 80% of the overall content over 2 h incubation at the slightly alkaline pHs simulating the small intestine environment, suggesting a potential of the material in nutraceuticals and other applications.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bahi A, Shao J, Mohseni M, Ko FK. Membranes based on electrospun lignin-zeolite composite nanofibers. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
26
|
Rak MJ, Friščić T, Moores A. One-step, solvent-free mechanosynthesis of silver nanoparticle-infused lignin composites for use as highly active multidrug resistant antibacterial filters. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylamide embedded silver nanoparticles were synthesized from silver salts in a solvent-free fashion by ball milling mechanochemistry, with lignin as a biodegradable reducer, and used as highly efficient antibacterial plugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika J. Rak
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aura AM, Niemi P, Mattila I, Niemelä K, Smeds A, Tamminen T, Faulds C, Buchert J, Poutanen K. Release of small phenolic compounds from brewer's spent grain and its lignin fractions by human intestinal microbiota in vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9744-9753. [PMID: 24028071 DOI: 10.1021/jf4024195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG), the major side-stream from brewing, is rich in protein, lignin, and nonstarch polysaccharides. Lignin is a polyphenolic macromolecule considered resilient toward breakdown and utilization by colon microbiota, although some indications of release of small phenolic components from lignin in animals have been shown. The aim of this study was to investigate if the human intestinal microbiota can release lignans and small phenolic compounds from whole BSG, a lignin-enriched insoluble fraction from BSG and a deferuloylated fraction, in a metabolic in vitro colon model. The formation of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was also investigated. More lignin-related monomers and dilignols were detected from the lignin-enriched fraction than from BSG or deferuloylated BSG. SCFA formation was not suppressed by any of the fractions. It was shown that small lignin-like compounds were released from these samples in the in vitro colon model, originating most likely from lignin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marja Aura
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Núñez-Flores R, Castro A, López-Caballero M, Montero P, Gómez-Guillén M. Functional stability of gelatin–lignosulphonate films and their feasibility to preserve sardine fillets during chilled storage in combination with high pressure treatment. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
29
|
Núñez-Flores R, Giménez B, Fernández-Martín F, López-Caballero M, Montero M, Gómez-Guillén M. Physical and functional characterization of active fish gelatin films incorporated with lignin. Food Hydrocoll 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
30
|
Cazacu G, Capraru M, Popa VI. Advances Concerning Lignin Utilization in New Materials. ADVANCES IN NATURAL POLYMERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-20940-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
31
|
Antioxidant activities of lignin extracted from sugarcane bagasse via different chemical procedures. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:1116-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
32
|
Lu Q, Zhu M, Zu Y, Liu W, Yang L, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Li W. Comparative antioxidant activity of nanoscale lignin prepared by a supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process with non-nanoscale lignin. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
33
|
Núñez-Flores R, Giménez B, Fernández-Martín F, López-Caballero M, Montero M, Gómez-Guillén M. Role of lignosulphonate in properties of fish gelatin films. Food Hydrocoll 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
34
|
Bunzel M, Schüssler A, Tchetseubu Saha G. Chemical characterization of Klason lignin preparations from plant-based foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12506-13. [PMID: 22040454 DOI: 10.1021/jf2031378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the accuracy of the Klason lignin method as applied for the determination of lignin contents in plant based-food products, Klason lignin preparations from curly kale, pears, whole wheat grains, and corn bran were chemically characterized. Characterization included routine ash and protein determinations and the extraction of fat/waxes as well as cutin/suberin depolymerization and extraction of the liberated monomers. Fat/wax and cutin/suberin amounts in the Klason lignin preparations were determined gravimetrically, and their compositions were analyzed by using GC-MS. Typical fat, wax, and cutin (and suberin) constituents such as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, hydroxy and/or epoxy fatty acids, and phenolic acids were identified in all samples, whereas the detection of long-chain hydrocarbons, alcohols, and ketones, sterols, stanols, and dioic acids was dependent on the sample analyzed. Estimation of the contribution of non-lignin compounds to the Klason lignin contents reduced the noncorrected Klason lignin contents of the insoluble fibers from 28.7% (kale), 22.8% (pear), 14.8% (wheat), and 9.9% (corn) to maximum lignin contents of 6.5% (kale), 16.4% (pear), 4.9% (wheat), and 2.3% (corn). These data demonstrate that certain commonly used statements such as "cereal brans are highly lignified" need to be revised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition-CFANS, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Lignin is by far the most abundant substance based on aromatic moieties in nature, and the largest contributor to soil organic matter. Millions of tonnes of several lignin preparations are produced by the paper industry every year, and a minimal amount of lignin is isolated by direct extraction of lignin from plants. Lignin is used either directly or chemically modified, as a binder, dispersant agent for pesticides, emulsifier, heavy metal sequestrant, or component for composites and copolymers. For value-added applications of lignin to be improved, medium- and long-term conversion technologies must be developed, especially for the preparation of low-molecular-weight compounds as an alternative to the petrochemical industry.
Collapse
|
36
|
Lábaj J, Slamenová D, Lazarová M, Kosíková B. Induction of DNA-lesions in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes by different genotoxins and their reduction by lignin given either as a dietary component or in in vitro conditions. Nutr Cancer 2007; 57:209-15. [PMID: 17571955 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701277643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our investigation was to verify the protective effect of lignin on DNA in rat hepatocytes damaged by 3 different genotoxins attacking DNA in a different manner. Hydrogen peroxide was used for induction of direct single strand breaks of DNA, visible light-excited methylene blue for induction of oxidized DNA lesions and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane for induction of alkali-labile DNA lesions. Hepatocytes were pre-treated with lignin either immediately after isolation, i.e., in in vitro conditions, or the hepatocytes were isolated from rats fed a lignin enriched diet for 21 days (ex vivo conditions). The protective effect of lignin applied to hepatocytes by the first or by the second approach was tested on the level of DNA using classical and modified single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). We found that lignin applied by each way significantly reduced the level of direct DNA strand breaks induced by H2O2, alkali-labile sites of DNA induced by DBCP as well as oxidative DNA lesions induced by visible light-excited methylene blue. These results confirm that lignin represents a very important micronutrient in our vegetable food, protecting DNA against damaging effects of different genotoxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Lábaj
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hromádková Z, Ebringerová A, Malovíková A. The Structural, Molecular and Functional Properties of Lignin-Containing Beechwood Glucuronoxylan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200551403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
38
|
Butler LM, Koh WP, Lee HP, Yu MC, London SJ. Dietary fiber and reduced cough with phlegm: a cohort study in Singapore. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:279-87. [PMID: 15117740 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200306-789oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is the major risk factor for chronic respiratory symptoms, but dietary factors may also play a role. Most studies of diet and lung disease have been cross-sectional and conducted in populations with a Western-style diet. We analyzed the relation between dietary intake at baseline and new onset of cough with phlegm in a population-based cohort of 63,257 middle-aged Chinese men and women initiated in Singapore between 1993 and 1998. Beginning in 1999, we ascertained respiratory symptoms by telephone interview and have identified 571 incident cases of cough with phlegm among the 49,140 cohort members with completed follow-up. Nonstarch polysaccharides, a major component of dietary fiber, total fruit, and soy isoflavones had the strongest associations. Odds ratios comparing highest and lowest quartiles after adjustment for age, sex, dialect group, total energy intake, and smoking were 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47, 0.78; p for trend < 0.001) for nonstarch polysaccharides, 0.67 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.87; p for trend = 0.006) for fruit, and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.86; p for trend = 0.001) for soy isoflavones. These data suggest that a diet high in fiber from fruit and, possibly, soyfoods may reduce the incidence of chronic respiratory symptoms. Associated nutrients, such as flavonoids, may contribute to this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley M Butler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Boby RG, Indira M. The impact of cyanoglycoside rich fraction isolated from Cassava (Manihot esculenta) on alcohol induced oxidative stress. Toxicon 2004; 42:367-72. [PMID: 14505936 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of feeding a cassava (Manihot esculenta) rich diet on alcohol induced peroxidative damages were investigated in male albino rats. Rats were divided into four groups and maintained for 60 days as follows. (1) CONTROL GROUP: cassava free diet, (2) alcohol group: cassava free diet+ethanol (4 g/kg body wt/day), (3) cassava group: cassava diet and (4) alcohol+cassava group: cassava diet+ethanol (4 g/kg body wt/day). Results revealed that alcohol induced significant lipid peroxidation, since the lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes were elevated in the liver. The activities of free radical scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione reductase were reduced and glutathione content was decreased in the liver. But the co-administration of a cassava rich diet increased the activity of free radical scavenging enzymes and glutathione content. The level of lipid peroxides in the liver was also decreased on co-administration of cassava. But the oxidative damage caused by cassava was potentiated by alcohol administration. These studies suggested that consumption of alcohol along with cassava offered some protection against the alcohol induced oxidative stress. So we isolated the cyanoglycoside rich fraction from cassava and its impact on rats administered alcohol was also investigated. The results revealed that alcohol induced oxidative stress was potentiated by the co-administration of cyanoglycoside rich fraction. These studies suggested that the fiber and antioxidant vitamins present in the cassava may be playing a protective role against the alcohol induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R G Boby
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, 695 581 Trivandrum, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lábaj J, Slamenová D, Kosikova B. Reduction of Genotoxic Effects of the Carcinogen N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine by Dietary Lignin in Mammalian Cells Cultured In Vitro. Nutr Cancer 2003; 47:95-103. [PMID: 14769543 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc4701_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the protective effect of several lignin polymers against the genotoxic effect of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was tested in hamster lung V79 cells and human colon Caco-2 cells. Preculturing of cells with sublethal, nongenotoxic concentrations of the lignins A, B, and C (50 microg/ml) was found to decrease significantly the level of DNA strand breaks in both hamster and human cells treated with MNNG. Lignin A also reduced MNNG-induced gene mutations in V79 cells. As in addition to alkyl lesions MNNG gives rise to hydroxyl free radicals (OH) and nitrogen-centered free radicals (NR), we tried to determine whether antimutagenicity of lignin A was connected only with the well-known ability of lignin to bind MNNG molecules or also with its antioxidative effects. The use of the modified comet assay technique proved that preculturing of hamster V79 cells with lignin A resulted in a significant decrease of the level of DNA strand breaks originating from oxidized DNA bases. Therefore, we suggest that the antimutagenic effect of lignin A against MNNG is associated with both adsorptive and antioxidative action. This study also showed that the presence of lignin A neither helped to renew DNA replication nor influenced the kinetics of DNA rejoining in MNNG-treated V79 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Lábaj
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlárska 7, 833 91 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jeng JH, Chen SY, Liao CH, Tung YY, Lin BR, Hahn LJ, Chang MC. Modulation of platelet aggregation by areca nut and betel leaf ingredients: roles of reactive oxygen species and cyclooxygenase. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 32:860-71. [PMID: 11978487 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There are 2 to 6 billion betel quid (BQ) chewers in the world. Areca nut (AN), a BQ component, modulates arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, which is crucial for platelet function. AN extract (1 and 2 mg/ml) stimulated rabbit platelet aggregation, with induction of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production. Contrastingly, Piper betle leaf (PBL) extract inhibited AA-, collagen-, and U46619-induced platelet aggregation, and TXB2 and prostaglandin-D2 (PGD2) production. PBL extract also inhibited platelet TXB2 and PGD2 production triggered by thrombin, platelet activating factor (PAF), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), whereas little effect on platelet aggregation was noted. Moreover, PBL is a scavenger of O2(*-) and *OH, and inhibits xanthine oxidase activity and the (*)OH-induced PUC18 DNA breaks. Deferoxamine, 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) and neomycin prevented AN-induced platelet aggregation and TXB2 production. Indomethacin, genistein, and PBL extract inhibited only TXB2 production, but not platelet aggregation. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and dimethylthiourea (DMT) showed little effect on AN-induced platelet aggregation, whereas catalase and DMT inhibited the AN-induced TXB2 production. These results suggest that AN-induced platelet aggregation is associated with iron-mediated reactive oxygen species production, calcium mobilization, phospholipase C activation, and TXB2 production. PBL inhibited platelet aggregation via both its antioxidative effects and effects on TXB2 and PGD2 production. Effects of AN and PBL on platelet aggregation and AA metabolism is crucial for platelet activation in the oral mucosa and cardiovascular system in BQ chewers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dental Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ferguson LR, Chavan RR, Harris PJ. Changing concepts of dietary fiber: implications for carcinogenesis. Nutr Cancer 2002; 39:155-69. [PMID: 11759275 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc392_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The dietary fiber (DF) hypothesis suggested that DF, as plant cell walls, protected against colorectal cancer. The implicit assumption in much historic literature was that the readily analyzed and quantified nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) component was critical in cancer protection. However, the presence of polymeric phenolic components such as lignin or suberin has profound effects on the physicochemical properties of the cell walls and largely determines their physiological properties in humans. In certain groups of food plants, degradation of cell walls that contain neither lignin nor suberin releases ferulic acid and other hydroxycinnamic acids. These acids have antioxidant, antimutagenic, and other anticancer effects, including modulation of gene expression and immune response. Reexamination of literature on cancer protection suggests that plant cell walls containing significant amounts of phenolic components may be the most likely to protect against cancer. In the last 30 years, the definition of DF has been incrementally expanded to incorporate NSP extracted from plant cell walls and from sources other than plant cell walls, then resistant starch, and most recently nondigestible oligosaccharides. On the early definitions, increased consumption of DF could only be achieved by increasing the intake of whole grains, brans, or other food plant material that would increase the intake of plant cell walls containing significant amounts of phenolic components. However, the new definitions make it possible to increase "dietary fiber" without consuming any such materials. We suggest that this could have negative connotations for cancer risk in human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L R Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Plant peroxidases: Versatile catalysts in the synthesis of bioactive natural products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(02)80047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
44
|
Abstract
Whole grains provide a wide range of nutrients and phytochemicals that optimize health. Epidemiologic studies support the protectiveness of whole grain consumption for cardiovascular disease and cancer. Dietary guidance endorses increased whole grains in our diet. A crucial question remaining is the effect of processing of whole grains on their content of nutrients and phytochemicals. Although processing is often considered to be a negative attribute in nutrition, and some forms of processing reduce nutritional value, many factors support the importance of processing of grains to enhance grain consumption. First, whole grains as harvested are generally not consumed directly by humans but require some processing prior to consumption. While refining, that is, removal of the bran and the germ, reduces the nutrient content of grain, milling of grains otherwise concentrates desirable grain components and removes poorly digested compounds and contaminants. Cooking of grains generally increases digestibility of nutrients and phytochemicals. Studies in both animal models and humans support the notion that processed grains are often nutritionally superior to unprocessed grains, probably because of enhanced nutrient bioavailability in processed grains. Processing of grains also provides shelf-stable products that are convenient and good tasting for consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Slavin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Krizková L, Lopes MH, Polónyi J, Belicová A, Dobias J, Ebringer L. Antimutagenicity of a suberin extract from Quercus suber cork. Mutat Res 1999; 446:225-30. [PMID: 10635345 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(99)00190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The possible protective effect of a suberin extract from Quercus suber cork on acridine orange (AO)-, ofloxacin- and UV radiation-induced mutagenicity (bleaching activity) in Euglena gracilis was examined. To our knowledge, the present results are the first attempt to analyse suberin in relation to mutagenicity of some chemicals. Suberin exhibits a significant dose-dependent protective effect against AO-induced mutagenicity and the concentration of 500 micrograms/ml completely eliminates the Euglena-bleaching activity of AO. The mutagenicity of ofloxacin is also significantly reduced in the presence of suberin (125, 250 and 500 micrograms/ml). However, the moderate protective effect of suberin on UV radiation-induced mutagenicity was observed only at concentrations 500 and 1000 micrograms/ml. Our data shows that suberin extract from Q. suber cork possess antimutagenic properties and can be included in the group of natural antimutagens acting in a desmutagenic manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Krizková
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lund EK, Wharf SG, Fairweather-Tait SJ, Johnson IT. Oral ferrous sulfate supplements increase the free radical-generating capacity of feces from healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69:250-5. [PMID: 9989688 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/69.2.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most dietary iron remains unabsorbed and hence may be available to participate in Fenton-driven free radical generation in conjunction with the colonic microflora, leading to the production of carcinogens or direct damage to colonocytes. OBJECTIVE Our aims were to measure the proportion of fecal iron available to participate in free radical generation and to determine the effect of an oral supplement of ferrous sulfate on free radical generation. DESIGN Eighteen healthy volunteers recorded their food intake and collected fecal samples before, during, and after 2 wk of supplementation (19 mg elemental Fe/d). Total, free, and weakly chelated fecal iron were measured and free radical production was determined by using an in vitro assay with dimethyl sulfoxide as a free radical trap. RESULTS Fecal iron increased significantly during the period of supplementation and returned to baseline within 2 wk. The concentration of weakly bound iron in feces (approximately 1.3% of total fecal iron) increased from 60 micromol/L before to 300 micromol/L during supplementation, and the production of free radicals increased significantly (approximately 40%). Higher-carbohydrate diets were associated with reduced free radical generation. CONCLUSION Unabsorbed dietary iron may increase free radical production in the colon to a level that could cause mucosal cell damage or increased production of carcinogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E K Lund
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|