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Jain PM, Nellikka A, Kammara R. Understanding bacteriocin heterologous expression: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:133916. [PMID: 39033897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are a diverse group of ribosomally synthesised antimicrobial peptides/proteins that play an important role in self-defence. They are widely used as bio-preservatives and effective substitutes for disease eradication. They can be used in conjunction with or as an alternative to antibiotics to minimize the risk of resistance development. There are remarkably few reports indicating resistance to bacteriocins. Although there are many research reports that emphasise heterologous expression of bacteriocin, there are no convincing reports on the significant role that intrinsic and extrinsic factors play in overexpression. A coordinated and cooperative expression system works in concert with multiple genetic elements encoding native proteins, immunoproteins, exporters, transporters and enzymes involved in the post-translational modification of bacteriocins. The simplest way could be to utilise the existing E. coli expression system, which is conventional, widely used for heterologous expression and has been further extended for bacteriocin expression. In this article, we will review the intrinsic and extrinsic factors, advantages, disadvantages and major problems associated with bacteriocin overexpression in E. coli. Finally, we recommend the most effective strategies as well as numerous bacteriocin expression systems from E. coli, Lactococcus, Kluveromyces lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris for their suitability for successful overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshi M Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-CFTRI, AcSIR, Mysore, India
| | - Anagha Nellikka
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-CFTRI, AcSIR, Mysore, India
| | - Rajagopal Kammara
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-CFTRI, AcSIR, Mysore, India.
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2
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Izhar MZ, Nawaz M, Yaqub T, Avais M, Anjum AA. In vitro characterization of probiotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum CM49 against selected cattle mastitogens. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:310. [PMID: 39174931 PMCID: PMC11340152 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine mastitis results in significant economic losses for the dairy industry globally due to milk production losses and decreased herd efficiency. This research aimed to isolate, select, and characterize indigenous lactobacilli with probiotic properties. A total of 40 lactobacilli were isolated from healthy milk samples of cattle and identified at the species level through 16S rDNA sequencing. All isolates were initially screened for antimicrobial activity, and selected isolates underwent in vitro assessment of probiotic properties. RESULTS Among the lactobacilli isolates, varying levels of activity (9 to 19 mm) against cattle mastitogens; Stapylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (Strep. dysgalactiae) were observed in the well diffusion assay. These isolates demonstrated auto-aggregation (ranging from 14.29 ± 0.96% to 62.11 ± 1.09%) and co-aggregate (ranging from 9.21 ± 0.14% to 55.74 ± 0.74%) with mastitogens after 2 h. Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarum CM49 showed sensitivity to most antibiotics tested and exhibited strong inhibitory effects, with mean log10 reductions of 3.46 for Staph. aureus, 2.82 for E. coli, and 1.45 for Strep. dysgalactiae in co-culture experiments. Furthermore, Lb. plantarum CM49 significantly decreased the adhesion rate of mastitogens on the bovine mammary cell line and mouse model, demonstrating its potential effectiveness in preventing mastitis. CONCLUSION It is concluded that Lb. plantarum CM49 has remarkable probiotic potential with activity against cattle mastitogens in the laboratory and cell culture and competitively excludes mastitogens from bovine mammary cells and ameliorates Staph. aureus-induced mastitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Izhar
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Yaqub
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Avais
- Department of Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Winther AR, Perrin A, Nordraak AOO, Kjos M, Porcellato D. An in vitro evaluation of the effect of antimicrobial treatment on bovine mammary microbiota. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18333. [PMID: 39112607 PMCID: PMC11306798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria have been an increasing problem in human medicine and animal husbandry since the introduction of antimicrobials on the market in the 1940s. Over the last decades, efforts to reduce antimicrobial usage in animal husbandry have been shown to limit the development of resistant bacteria. Despite this, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are still commonly detected and isolated worldwide. In this study, we investigated the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in bovine milk samples using a multiple approach based on culturing and amplicon sequencing. We first enriched milk samples obtained aseptically from bovine udders in the presence of two antimicrobials commonly used to treat mastitis and then described the resistant microbiota by amplicon sequencing and isolate characterization. Our results show that several commensal species and mastitis pathogens harbor antimicrobial resistance and dominate the enriched microbiota in milk in presence of antimicrobial agents. The use of the two different antimicrobials selected for different bacterial taxa and affected the overall microbial composition. These results provide new information on how different antimicrobials can shape the microbiota which is able to survive and reestablish in the udder and point to the fact that antimicrobial resistance is widely spread also in commensal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja R Winther
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Christian Magnus Falsens Vei 18, 1433, Ås, Norway.
| | - Aurelie Perrin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Christian Magnus Falsens Vei 18, 1433, Ås, Norway
- Institute Agro Dijon, 26 Bd Dr Petitjean, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - Anne O O Nordraak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Christian Magnus Falsens Vei 18, 1433, Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Morten Kjos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Christian Magnus Falsens Vei 18, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Davide Porcellato
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Christian Magnus Falsens Vei 18, 1433, Ås, Norway
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4
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Purgato GA, Píccolo MS, Moreira MAS, Pizziolo VR, Diaz-Muñoz G, Rossi CC, Diaz MAN. Isolation and identification of antimicrobial multicyclic terpenoids from the medicinal plant Salvia officinalis and development of a formulation against clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae077. [PMID: 39127610 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, particularly multi-drug resistant strains, presents significant challenges in dairy farming due to its role in causing bovine mastitis, which leads to substantial economic losses and limited treatment options. Seeking alternative therapies, we investigated the potential of a topical formulation derived from the medicinal herb Salvia officinalis to combat S. aureus growth and biofilms associated with bovine mastitis. Through systematic extraction in different solvents and fractionation by column chromatography, we isolated and identified three key multicyclic terpenoids-ferruginol, sugiol, and sclareol-exhibiting significant antimicrobial activity. The formulation effectively inhibited biofilm formation, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.09 to 0.74 mg ml-1 against clinical S. aureus strains, comparable to or lower than those of the pure compounds. Moreover, it displayed robust anti-adhesive properties, reducing biofilm formation by 20%-79% at subinhibitory concentrations. Furthermore, the formulation successfully disrupted pre-existing biofilms, achieving reductions ranging from 30% to 82%. Cytotoxicity assays confirmed the safety of the formulation on mammary epithelial cells, with cell viability maintained at 100% at MIC. Our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of Sa. officinalis-derived compounds in managing bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus, emphasizing their antimicrobial efficacy and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayra Soares Píccolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Virgínia Ramos Pizziolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Gaspar Diaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
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Hutu I, Lungu BC, Spataru II, Torda I, Iancu T, Barrow PA, Mircu C. Microbiological and Molecular Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Western Romanian Dairy Farms: An Epidemiological Approach. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2266. [PMID: 39123792 PMCID: PMC11311086 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial therapy is the most frequently used medical intervention for bovine mastitis in the dairy industry. This study aims to monitor the extent of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problem in Staphylococcus aureus in the dairy industry in Western Romania. Twenty farms were selected by random sampling in a transverse epidemiological study conducted across four counties in Western Romania and divided into livestock units. This study assessed the association between the resistance genes to phenotypic expression of resistance and susceptibility. Isolates of S. aureus were identified and q-PCR reactions were used to detect antibiotic resistance genes. One hundred and fifty bovine and 20 human samples were positive for S. aureus. Twenty five percent of bovine isolates (30/120) and none(0/30) of the human isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). All isolates were susceptible to fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin, netilmicin, and resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. S. aureus isolates regarded as phenotypically resistant (R) were influenced by the origin of the samples (human versus bovine, χ2 = 36.510, p = 0.013), whether they were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (χ2 = 108.891, p < 0.000), the county (χ2 = 103.282, p < 0.000) and farm of isolation (χ2 = 740.841, p < 0.000), but not by the size of the farm (χ2 = 65.036, p = 0.306). The multiple antibiotic resistance index was calculated for each sample as the number regarded as phenotypically resistant (R)/total antibiotics tested (MARI = 0.590 ± 0.023) was significantly higher (p < 0.000) inmethicillin-resistant S. aureus (0.898 ± 0.019) than non-methicillin-resistant S. aureus (0.524 ± 0.024) isolates. For the antibiotics tested, the total penetrance (P%) of the resistance genes was 59%, 83% for blaZ, 56% for cfr, 50% for erm(B), 53% for erm(C), 57% for mecA and 32% for tet(K). Penetrance can be used as a parameter for guidance towards a more accurate targeting of chemotherapy. P% in S. aureus was strongly positively correlated with the multiple antibiotic resistance index (r = +0.878, p < 0.000) with the potential to use the same limit value as an antibiotic management decision criterion. Considering cow mastitis, the penetrance value combined with the multiple antibiotic resistance index suggests that penetrance could serve as a useful parameter for more precise targeting of chemotherapy for S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Hutu
- “Horia Cernescu” Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.H.); (B.C.L.); (I.I.S.); (I.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Bianca Cornelia Lungu
- “Horia Cernescu” Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.H.); (B.C.L.); (I.I.S.); (I.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Ioana Irina Spataru
- “Horia Cernescu” Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.H.); (B.C.L.); (I.I.S.); (I.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Iuliu Torda
- “Horia Cernescu” Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.H.); (B.C.L.); (I.I.S.); (I.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Tiberiu Iancu
- Faculty of Agricultural Management, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Paul Andrew Barrow
- “Horia Cernescu” Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.H.); (B.C.L.); (I.I.S.); (I.T.); (C.M.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Rd., Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
| | - Calin Mircu
- “Horia Cernescu” Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “Regele Mihai I”, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.H.); (B.C.L.); (I.I.S.); (I.T.); (C.M.)
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Lian S, Zhang H, Wang Y, Song J, Liu P, Geng Z, Wu R, Wang D, Wang J. The BLV-miRNAs pathway of BLV inhibits the expression of Lactoferrin, Lactoperoxidase, Alpha-lactalbumin and Beta-lactoglobulin proteins. Vet Microbiol 2024; 295:110153. [PMID: 38889618 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a widespread virus that decreases milk production and quality in dairy cows. As crucial components of BLV, BLV-encoded microRNAs (BLV-miRNAs) affect BLV replication and may impact the synthesis of Lactoferrin (LTF), Lactoperoxidase (LPO), Alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA), and Beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG). In this study, we investigated the targeting relationship between BLV-miRNAs and LTF, LPO, alpha-LA, and beta-LG in cow's milk. Additionally, we investigated the possible mechanisms by which BLV reduces milk quality. The results showed that cow's milk had significantly lower levels of LTF, LPO, and alpha-LA proteins in BLV-positive cows than in BLV-negative cows. BLV-△miRNAs (miRNA-deleted BLV) enhanced the reduction of LPO, alpha-LA, and beta-LG protein levels caused by BLV infection. Multiple BLV-miRNAs have binding sites with LTF and LPO mRNA; however, only BLV-miR-B1-5 P has a targeting relationship with LPO mRNA. The results revealed that BLV-miR-B1-5 P inhibits LPO protein expression by targeting LPO mRNA. However, BLV does not directly regulate the expression of LTF, alpha-LA, or beta-LG proteins through BLV-miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; China Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; China Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yandi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; China Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jiahe Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; China Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; China Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zijian Geng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; China Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; China Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Jianfa Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; China Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China.
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Jiang H, Xu J, Xu X, Wei J, Liu J, Qin C, Miao W, Li L, Song X, Liu Q, Cui K, Li Z. Revealing microbial diversity in buffalo milk with high somatic cell counts: implications for mastitis diagnosis and treatment. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2537-2553. [PMID: 38874832 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most serious diseases that threatens the health of dairy animals. The somatic cell count (SCC) in milk is widely used to monitor mastitis. This study aimed to reveal the diversity of microorganisms in buffalo milk with high somatic cell count (SCC ≥ 3 × 105 cells/mL, n = 30) and low somatic cell count (SCC ≤ 5 × 104 cells/mL, n = 10), and identify the dominant bacteria that cause mastitis in a local buffalo farm. We also investigated the potential method to treat bacterial mastitis. The V3-V4 region of 16 S rDNA was sequenced. Results showed that, compared to the milk with low SCC, the high SCC samples showed lower microbial diversity, but a high abundance of bacteria and operational taxonomic units (OTUs). By in vitro isolation and culture, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found to be the leading pathogens, which is consistent with the 16 S rDNA sequencing data. We further isolated 3 of the main pathogens and established a pathogen detection method based on ELISA. In addition, the antibacterial effects of 10 antimicrobials and 15 Chinese herbal extracts were also investigated. Results showed that the microbial has developed tolerance to several of the antimicrobials. While the water extracts of Chinese herbal medicine such as Galla Chinensis, Coptis chinensis Franch, Terminalia chebula Retz, and Sanguisorba officinalis L can effectively inhibit the growth of main pathogens. This study provides novel insight into the microbial diversity in buffalo milk and a reference for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiayin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiaoxian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jue Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Chaobin Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenhao Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Reproduction and Breeding, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Xinhui Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 528225, Foshan, China
| | - Kuiqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 528225, Foshan, China.
| | - Zhipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Bao L, Zhao Y, Duan S, Wu K, Shan R, Liu Y, Yang Y, Chen Q, Song C, Li W. Ferroptosis is involved in Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis through autophagy activation by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112818. [PMID: 39083924 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Cell death caused by severe Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection is a fatal threat to humans and animals. However, whether ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, is involved in S. aureus-induced cell death and its role in S. aureus-induced diseases are unclear. Using a mouse mastitis model and mammary epithelial cells (MMECs), we investigated the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infection. The results revealed that S. aureus-induced ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro as demonstrated by dose-dependent increases in cell death; the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), the final product of lipid peroxidation; and dose-dependent decrease the production of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Treatment with typical inhibitors of ferroptosis, including ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and deferiprone (DFO), significantly inhibited S. aureus-induced death in MMECs. Mechanistically, treatment with S. aureus activated the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic initiation factor 2, α subunit (eIF2α)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) pathway, which subsequently upregulated autophagy and promoted S. aureus-induced ferroptosis. The activation of autophagy degraded ferritin, resulting in iron dysregulation and ferroptosis. In addition, we found that excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced ferroptosis and activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, manifesting as elevated p-PERK-p-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway protein levels. Collectively, our findings indicate that ferroptosis is involved in S. aureus-induced mastitis via ER stress-mediated autophagy activation, implying a potential strategy for the prevention of S. aureus-associated diseases by targeting ferroptosis. In conclusion, the ROS-ER stress-autophagy axis is involved in regulating S. aureus-induced ferroptosis in MMECs. These findings not only provide a new potential mechanism for mastitis induced by S. aureus but also provide a basis for the treatment of other ferroptotic-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Bao
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Yihong Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Shiyu Duan
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Keyi Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Ruping Shan
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Qiujie Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Changlong Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China.
| | - Wenjia Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China.
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Bujňáková D, Karahutová L. Molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolated from bovine mastitis. Res Vet Sci 2024; 177:105365. [PMID: 39053094 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococci are classified as one of the pathogens causing bovine mastitis that can pose not only an economic loss to the dairy farms, but a serious public-health threat based on their zoonotic potential. We focused to monitor phenotypes of the isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) from milk of cows with clinical mastitis, including antibiotic resistance, biofilm forming ability and the presence of biofilm- and toxin- related genes. From a total of 191 milk samples were identified as S. aureus - 12% (22 isolates) and S. haemolyticus - 6% (12 isolates). Automatic interpreted reading of the antibiogram evaluated potentially 12 isolates as methicillin-resistant S. aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci. Genotypically, the isolates were positive for blaZ and negative for mecA and mecC. Others important mechanisms were inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLSB) resistance with presence of msrA, ermC, vgaA. The most detected biofilm-associated and toxins genes were clfA, sdrD, sdrE, fnbpB, bbp, isdA, isdB, hla and see. S. aureus isolates were subjected to spa typing. It turned out that despite the strains coming from different farms, they were either resistant or sensitive to antibiotic, were all of the same spa-type t 10035. Our findings revealed the presence iMLSB, which, to our best knowledge, were described in Slovakian bovine staphylococci rarely. The majority of isolates were multidrug-resistant and carried multiple virulence genes, posing a potential public-health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobroslava Bujňáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4/6, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lívia Karahutová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4/6, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic.
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10
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de Souza MMS, Dubenczuk FC, Melo DA, Holmström TCN, Mendes MB, Reinoso EB, Coelho SMO, Coelho IS. Antimicrobial therapy approaches in the mastitis control driven by one health insights. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2024; 46:e002624. [PMID: 39104804 PMCID: PMC11299703 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of antimicrobials in the dairy production environment for mastitis control must take etiology, clinical signs, economic impacts, and regulatory frameworks into consideration. The objective of the present review is to highlight important aspects of the dynamics of antimicrobial use in dairy production and the potential impacts on the main pathogens circulating in this environment, considering the parameters set by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding the priority of monitoring as well as control strategies for these agents, such as the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus and the beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. Understanding the animal-environment-pathogen triad is crucial for establishing control measures and preventing the spread of bacterial resistance. Implementing mastitis prevention and control measures in dairy farms, considering process flow and personnel qualification, enables a reduction in antimicrobial usage and contributes to prevent the spread of resistant bacterial agents in the dairy production environment, minimizing the relapses and the chronicity of the infectious process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miliane Moreira Soares de Souza
- Veterinarian, DSc., Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária (DMIV), Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Carlos Dubenczuk
- Veterinarian, DSc. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Agrária (PPGCTIA), DMIV, IV, UFRRJ. Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Dayanne Araújo Melo
- Veterinarian, DSc., Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), DMIV, IV, UFRRJ. Seropédica, RJ. Brazil.
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11
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Akkou M, Titouche Y, Bentayeb L, Bes M, Laurent F, Ramdani-Bouguessa N. Risk factors for dairy cows mastitis in Algeria, antibiotic resistance and molecular typing of the causative Staphylococcus aureus. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10457-2. [PMID: 38963470 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Adoption of a rational management in dairy farms would improve the milk quality and farmers' income. In the current study, we aimed to describe bovine mastitis in 32 dairy herds, identify the main cow- and herd-associated risk factors, and analyze both epidemiological along with molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus infecting udders. Based on Californian Mastitis Test and clinical examination, the prevalence of mastitis in cows was 52.25% (116/222), of which 6.3% was clinical mastitis and 45.94% was subclinical mastitis. Overall, 218 (24.54%) quarters suffered from mastitis, whose 29.81% (65/218) infected with S. aureus. Mastitis was lowest in mid-lactation with OR = 0.371 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.141-0.976, and in cows separated from their calves (OR = 0.164, 95% CI 0.056-0.477) than suckler cows. Similar results were obtained from S. aureus related mastitis. To assess the genetic lineages of S. aureus isolates, we determined clonal complexes (CC) using DNA microarray hybridization profiles and performed spa typing. The strains were assigned to nine clonal complexes, and 19 spa types; with CC97 (44.77%), and CC22 (40.29%) were the most predominant lineages and t223 (40.29%), t7136 (10.44%), t359 (8.95%) and t267 (5.97%) were the most common spa types. A total of 88.05% (n = 59) isolates were resistant to at least one tested antibiotic while only 4.47% were multi-drug resistant strains. Higher rates of resistance were observed for penicillin (86.5%) and tetracycline (14.9%) respectively. Our results show the need for adoption of feasible mastitis program with special emphasis on sub-clinical mastitis and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Akkou
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies Related to Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Blida1, Blida, Algeria.
- Labotaory of Biology and Experimental Pharmacology, Yahia Farès University, Médéa, Algeria.
| | - Yacine Titouche
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Lamia Bentayeb
- Agro-food Department, Faculty of Natural and Life Science, University of Blida1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Michèle Bes
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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12
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Xue Y, Gao Y, Guo M, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Xia L, Ma J, Cheng Y, Wang H, Sun J, Wang Z, Yan Y. Phage cocktail superimposed disinfection: A ecological strategy for preventing pathogenic bacterial infections in dairy farms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118720. [PMID: 38537740 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is mainly caused by bacterial infection that has a highly impact on dairy production, affecting both economic viability and animal well-being. A cross-sectional study was conducted in dairy farms to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens associated with BM. The analysis revealed that Staphylococcus (49%), Escherichia (16%), Pseudomonas (11%), and Klebsiella (6%) were the primary bacterial pathogens associated with mastitis. A significant proportion of Staphylococcus strains displayed multiple drug resistance. The use of disinfectants is an important conventional measure to control the pathogenic bacteria in the environment. Bacteriophages (Phages), possessing antibacterial properties, are natural green and effective disinfectants. Moreover, they mitigate the risk of generating harmful disinfection byproducts, which are commonly associated with traditional disinfection methods. Based on the primary bacterial pathogens associated with mastitis in the investigation area, a phage cocktail, named SPBC-SJ, containing seven phages capable of lysing S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa was formulated. SPBC-SJ exhibited superior bactericidal activity and catharsis effect on pollutants (glass surface) compared to chemical disinfectants. Clinical trials confirmed that the SPBC-SJ-based superimposed disinfection group (phage combined with chemical disinfectants) not only cut down the dosage of disinfectants used, but significantly reduced total bacterial counts on the ground and in the feeding trough of dairy farms. Furthermore, SPBC-SJ significantly reduced the abundance of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas in the environment of the dairy farm. These findings suggest that phage-based superimposed disinfection is a promising alternative method to combat mastitis pathogens in dairy farms due to its highly efficient and environmentally-friendly properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Xue
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Ya Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Mengting Guo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Lu Xia
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Hengan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Jianhe Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Yaxian Yan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 201100, China.
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Zhuang C, Liu Y, Barkema HW, Deng Z, Gao J, Kastelic JP, Han B, Zhang J. Escherichia coli infection induces ferroptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-mediated mitophagy. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101921. [PMID: 38885732 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Iron overload causes mitochondrial damage, and then activates mitophagy, which may directly trigger and amplify ferroptosis. Our objective was to investigate whether Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from clinical bovine mastitis induces ferroptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) and if so, the underlying regulatory mechanism. E. coli infection caused mitochondrial damage, mitophagy, and ferroptosis. Rapamycin and chloroquine increased and suppressed ferroptosis, respectively, in E. coli-treated bMECs. Moreover, E. coli infection activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, but foscenvivint alleviated it. In conclusion, E. coli infection induced ferroptosis through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-promoted mitophagy, and it also suppressed GPX4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, PR China
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Zhaoju Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - John P Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China.
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14
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Tang X, Nan X, Jiang L, Wang H, Liu J, Yang L, Yao J, Xiong B. Nutrition, gastrointestinal microorganisms and metabolites in mastitis occurrence and control. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:220-231. [PMID: 38800734 PMCID: PMC11126769 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis affects almost all mammals including humans and dairy cows. In the dairy industry, bovine mastitis is a disease with a persistently high incidence, causing serious losses to the health of cows, the quality of dairy products, and the economy of dairy farms. Although local udder infection caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogens into the mammary gland was considered the main cause of mastitis, evidence has been established and continues to grow, showing that nutrition factors and gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) as well as their metabolites are also involved in the development of mammary inflammatory response. Suboptimal nutrition is recognized as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to mastitis in cattle, in particular the negative energy balance. The majority of data regarding nutrition and bovine mastitis involves micronutrients. In addition, the dysbiotic GM can directly trigger or aggravate mastitis through entero-mammary gland pathway. The decreased beneficial commensal bacteria, lowered bacterial diversity, and increased pathogens as well as proinflammatory metabolites are found in both the milk and gastrointestinal tract of mastitic dairy cows. This review discussed the relationship between the nutrition (energy and micronutrient levels) and mastitis, summarized the role of GM and metabolites in regulating mastitis. Meanwhile, several non-antibiotics strategies were provided for the prevention and alleviation of mastitis, including micronutrients, probiotics, short-chain fatty acids, high-fiber diet, inulin, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Isakova M, Oparina O, Belousov A, Lysova Y. Pharmacological composition based on bacteriocinnisin in experiments in vitro and in vivo. Open Vet J 2024; 14:1370-1383. [PMID: 39055763 PMCID: PMC11268911 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem related to the transmission of bacteria and genes between humans and animals. The development of new drugs with antimicrobial activity research is an urgent task of modern science. Aim The article presents data of in vitro and in vivo experiments on new pharmaceutical composition based on nisin. Methods The antimicrobial activity was studied on the mastitis pathogens. To identify microorganisms the Matrix-Assisted Lazer Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) (mass spectrometry) method was performed using. To determine sensitivity, the serial dilution method and the diffusion method were used. On laboratory animals, biochemical, hematological, and histological research methods were used. Female nonlinear white laboratory rats were used, which were divided into one control group and three experimental ones. Results "Duration" factor was statistically significant for the following indicators: hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and eosinophils. The "Dose" factor did not show significance for any indicator, which means that the effect was similar regardless of the dose chosen. When analyzing the biochemical indicators, significant differences were found in the "Duration" and "Dose" factors, in the direction of a decrease in the indicators of total protein, globulins, urea, and an increase in the concentration of alkaline phosphatase. When conducting histological studies in the first experimental group, it was established that there were no changes in the structural and functional units of the organs. In animals of the second experimental group, the presence of reversible pathological processes of a compensatory nature was noted. More profound changes in the structure of the studied organs were recorded in the third experimental group. Conclusion An in vitro study on cell cultures showed that the pharmacological composition has high antimicrobial activity against isolates from the mammary gland secretion of cows with mastitis. An in vivo study on laboratory animals showed that the developed composition belongs to the IV class of substances "low-hazard substances". Histological examination made it possible to select the safest dose of the pharmacological composition of no more than 500 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isakova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Oparina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Belousov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yana Lysova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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Camsing A, Phetburom N, Chopjitt P, Pumhirunroj B, Patikae P, Watwiengkam N, Yongkiettrakul S, Kerdsin A, Boueroy P. Occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bovine mastitis bacteria in Sakon Nakhon, Thailand. Vet World 2024; 17:1202-1209. [PMID: 39077446 PMCID: PMC11283618 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1202-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland of dairy cattle that causes economic losses due to poor quantity and quality of milk. The extensive or incorrect use of antibiotics has increased in the veterinary field, leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens worldwide. This study aimed to investigate bovine mastitis bacterial pathogens in Sakon Nakhon, Thailand. Materials and Methods A total of 35 dairy farms were screened for clinical and subclinical mastitis using the California Mastitis Test and clinical examination. Polymerase chain reaction was used to characterize bacterial species-induced mastitis (380 isolates) in cattle and antimicrobial resistance genes, and disk diffusion and broth microdilution were used to characterize antimicrobial susceptibility. Results The prevalence of Staphylococcus epidermidis (38.10%; 32/84)-induced mastitis in cattle was considerably high, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (33.33%), Streptococcus uberis (25%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.33%), and Staphylococcus aureus (4.76%). In this study, Staphylococcus spp. isolates demonstrated 100% susceptibility to cefoxitin, and no antibiotic-resistance genes were identified. Tetracycline (TET) and macrolide-resistant genes of Streptococcus spp. revealed that tetM was predominant in 55.63% (79/142), followed by tetS + erm(B) (16.90%). Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed the following resistance profiles to bacterial species: TET (85.92%), clindamycin (29.58%), erythromycin (15.49%), levofloxacin (14.08%), and penicillin (0%). Gram-negative bacterial isolates (K. pneumoniae [8.33%], Klebsiella variicola [2.38%], Klebsiella quasipneumoniae [1.19%], and Escherichia coli [1.19%]) were recovered and still susceptible to meropenem (100%), ceftazidime (97.06%), ceftriaxone (79.41%), and ciprofloxacin (79.41%). Conclusion This result suggested that mastitis pathogens in this area were susceptible to most antimicrobials, with the exception of streptococci against TET. In this study, limited data were available including one from small-holder dairy farms and study only dairy farms in Sakon Nakhon, Thailand. So, more farms should be included in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apinya Camsing
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Nattamol Phetburom
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Benjamabhorn Pumhirunroj
- Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Patinya Patikae
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Nattaya Watwiengkam
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
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17
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Zhu L, Lai Y, Li X, Ma H, Gong F, Sun X, Cao A, Jiang T, Han Y, Pan Z. Molecular and epidemiological characterization of Staphylococcus aureus causing bovine mastitis in China. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106640. [PMID: 38614437 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent pathogens in bovine mastitis, which leads to substantial financial losses for the dairy industry. RESULTS In this study, S. aureus (n = 72) was isolated from 18 dairy farms in 15 provinces across China in 2021. The identification of these isolates at the species level was achieved by employing 16S rRNA sequencing. An isothermal amplification method for auxiliary detection of S. aureus was established, which can be employed not only for laboratory detection but also for point-of-care testing (POCT). Molecular characteristics of S. aureus mastitis in Chinese dairy cows were determined through MLST and spa typing. Finally, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MRSA resistance genes were detected using MIC and PCR amplification techniques. 72 isolates were identified as 12 sequence types (STs) and 7 clonal complexes (CC). ST1/CC1 was the dominant prevalent accounting for 33.3 % of the total, and exhibiting a wide distribution range. In terms of spa types, t114 was the dominant type, accounting for 31.9 % of the total, followed by t529 as the second major type. Four S. aureus strains were classified as MRSA according to their levels of oxacillin resistance (MIC ≥4 μg/mL). Among these four MRSA strains, one of them was found to be mecA positive. However, the presence of drug-resistance genes mecA and mecC was not detected in the remaining three MRSA strains, indicating the possible existence of new resistance genes. CONCLUSIONS Our study investigated the prevalence of S. aureus mastitis in dairy cows in China, while also examined the molecular characteristics and MRSA strains. This information will help with the clinical monitoring, prevention, and control of S. aureus mastitis in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhu
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Lai
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuwen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengju Gong
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueqiang Sun
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiqiao Cao
- Shenzhen Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Institute of Quality & Safety Inspection and Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yintao Han
- Shenzhen Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Institute of Quality & Safety Inspection and Research, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zihao Pan
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Tiraboschi G, Isaac P, Breser ML, Angiolini V, Rodriguez-Berdini L, Porporatto C, Bohl LP. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3-mediated effects on bovine innate immunity and on biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cattle with mastitis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 240:106508. [PMID: 38521361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is one the most widespread and serious diseases in dairy cattle. Recurrent and chronic infections are often attributable to certain pathogenicity mechanisms in mastitis-causing pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp. These include growing in biofilm and invading cells, both of which make it possible to resist or evade antimicrobial therapies and the host's immune system. This study tested the effects of active vitamin D3 (i.e., calcitriol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) on the internalization and phagocytosis of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. isolated from animals with mastitis. Two established bovine cell lines were used: MAC-T (mammary epithelial cells) and BoMac (macrophages). Calcitriol (0-200 nM) did not affect the viability of MAC-T cells nor that of BoMac cells after 24 and 72 h. Concentrations of 0-100 mM for 24 h upregulated the expression of 24-hydroxylase in MAC-T cells, but did not alter that of VDR. Pre-treatment of the cells with calcitriol for 24 h decreased the internalization of S. aureus V329 into MAC-T cells (0-100 nM), and stimulated the phagocytosis of the same strain and of S. xylosus 4913 (0-10 nM). Calcitriol and two conditioned media, obtained by treating the cells with 25-200 nM of the metabolite for 24 h, were also assessed in terms of their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. Neither calcitriol by itself nor the conditioned media affected staphylococcal growth or biofilm formation (0-200 nM for 12 and 24 h, respectively). In contrast, the conditioned media (0-100 nM for 24 h) decreased the biomass of preformed non-aureus staphylococcal biofilms and killed the bacteria within them, without affecting metabolic activity. These effects may be mediated by reactive oxygen species and proteins with antimicrobial and/or antibiofilm activity. In short, calcitriol could make pathogens more accessible to antimicrobial therapies and enhance bacterial clearance by professional phagocytes. Moreover, it may modulate the host's endogenous defenses in the bovine udder and help combat preformed non-aureus staphylococcal biofilms (S. chromogenes 40, S. xylosus 4913, and/or S. haemolyticus 6). The findings confirm calcitriol's potential as an adjuvant to prevent and/or treat intramammary infections caused by Staphylococcus spp., which would in turn contribute to reducing antibiotic use on dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Tiraboschi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Isaac
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Laura Breser
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia Angiolini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucía Rodriguez-Berdini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carina Porporatto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Paola Bohl
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina.
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19
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Chen T, Liu S, Zhang S, Song H, Zhuang Y, Ma J, Xiao J, Wang J, Ma Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Li S, Cao Z. Initial diet shapes resistance-gene composition and fecal microbiome dynamics in young ruminants during nursing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172103. [PMID: 38556024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine how colostrum pasteurization affects resistance genes and microbial communities in calf feces. Forty female Holstein calves were randomly assigned to either the control (CON) group, which received unheated colostrum, or the pasteurized colostrum (PAT) group. The calves body weight was measured weekly before morning feeding. Calf starter intake were measured and recorded daily before morning feeding. Samples of colostrum were collected before feeding. Blood was collected on d 1 and 70 before morning feeding. Ten calves were randomly selected from each group (n = 20 calves total) for fecal sampling on d 3, 28, 56 and 70 for subsequent DNA extraction and metagenomic sequencing. Total bacterial counts in the colostrum were markedly higher in the CON group than in the PAT group. Pasteurized colostrum administration substantially reduced the ARO diversity and diminishes the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, thereby decreasing their contribution to resistance genes. Pasteurization also reduced glucoside hydrolase-66 activity in 3-day-old calves which led to an increase in the activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics, resulting in 52.63 % of PAT-enriched bacteria acquiring aminoglycoside resistance genes. However, from the perspective of overall microbial community, the proportion of aminoglycoside, beta-lactam and tetracycline resistance genes carried by microbial community in PAT group was lower than CON group (P < 0.05). Fecal samples from the PAT group contained greater abundances of Subdoligranulum (P < 0.05) and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group (P < 0.05) on days 28 and 70 compared to CON. Network analysis and abundance variations of the different bacteria obtained by linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed that pasteurized colostrum feeding reduced the interactions among related bacteria and maintained stability of the hind-gut microbiome. In conclusion, these findings underscore the intricate interactions between early diet, calf resistance-gene transmission and microbial dynamics, which should be carefully considered in calf-rearing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haotong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yimin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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20
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Vander Elst N. Bacteriophage-derived endolysins as innovative antimicrobials against bovine mastitis-causing streptococci and staphylococci: a state-of-the-art review. Acta Vet Scand 2024; 66:20. [PMID: 38769566 PMCID: PMC11106882 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-024-00740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage-encoded endolysins, peptidoglycan hydrolases breaking down the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall, represent a groundbreaking class of novel antimicrobials to revolutionize the veterinary medicine field. Wild-type endolysins exhibit a modular structure, consisting of enzymatically active and cell wall-binding domains, that enable genetic engineering strategies for the creation of chimeric fusion proteins or so-called 'engineered endolysins'. This biotechnological approach has yielded variants with modified lytic spectrums, introducing new possibilities in antimicrobial development. However, the discovery of highly similar endolysins by different groups has occasionally resulted in the assignment of different names that complicate a straightforward comparison. The aim of this review was to perform a homology-based comparison of the wild-type and engineered endolysins that have been characterized in the context of bovine mastitis-causing streptococci and staphylococci, grouping homologous endolysins with ≥ 95.0% protein sequence similarity. Literature is explored by homologous groups for the wild-type endolysins, followed by a chronological examination of engineered endolysins according to their year of publication. This review concludes that the wild-type endolysins encountered persistent challenges in raw milk and in vivo settings, causing a notable shift in the field towards the engineering of endolysins. Lead candidates that display robust lytic activity are nowadays selected from screening assays that are performed under these challenging conditions, often utilizing advanced high-throughput protein engineering methods. Overall, these recent advancements suggest that endolysins will integrate into the antibiotic arsenal over the next decade, thereby innovating antimicrobial treatment against bovine mastitis-causing streptococci and staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Vander Elst
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, Solnavägen 9, 17165, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Zhuang C, Zhang R, Bai J, Zhang X, Zhao J. Lycopene promoted M2 macrophage polarization via inhibition of NOTCH1-PI3K-mTOR-NF-κB-JMJD3-IRF4 pathway in response to Escherichia coli infection in J744A.1 cells. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:249. [PMID: 38713385 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) can induce severe clinical bovine mastitis, which is to blame for large losses experienced by dairy farms. Macrophage polarization into various states is in response to pathogen infections. Lycopene, a naturally occurring hydrocarbon carotenoid, relieved inflammation by controlling M1/M2 status of macrophages. Thus, we wanted to explore the effect of lycopene on polarization states of macrophages in E. coli-induced mastitis. Macrophages were cultivated with lycopene for 24, before E. coli inoculation for 6 h. Lycopene (0.5 μmol/L) significantly enhanced cell viabilities and significantly reduced lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in macrophages, whereas 2 and 3 μmol/L lycopene significantly enhanced LDH activities. Lycopene treatment significantly reduced the increase in LDH release, iNOS, CD86, TNF-α, IL-1β and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expressions in E. coli group. 0.5 μmol/L lycopene significantly increased E. coli-induced downregulation of CD206, arginase I (ARG1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), chitinase 3-like 3 (YM1), PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, jumonji domain-containing protein-3 (JMJD3) and interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) levels. Moreover, Ginkgolic acid C17:1 (a specific PTEN inhibitor), 740YPDGFR (a specific PI3K activator), SC79 (a specific AKT activator) or CHPG sodium salt (a specific NF-κB activator) significantly decreased CD206, AGR1, IDO and YM1 expressions in lycopene and E. coli-treated macrophages. Therefore, lycopene increased M2 macrophages via inhibiting NOTCH1-PI3K-mTOR-NF-κB-JMJD3-IRF4 pathway in response to E. coli infection in macrophages. These results contribute to revealing the pathogenesis of E. coli-caused bovine mastitis, providing the new angle of the prevention and management of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangang Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
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22
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Pokorska J, Sawicki S, Gabryś J, Kułaj D, Bauer EA, Lenart-Boroń A, Bulanda K, Kuchta-Gładysz M, Grzesiakowska A, Kemilew J, Barton PM, Lasek O, Bugno-Poniewierska M. The use of stem cells in the treatment of mastitis in dairy cows. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10349. [PMID: 38710789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease. The increase in antibiotic resistance of bacteria that cause mastitis means that cattle breeders would prefer to reduce the use of antibiotics. Recently, therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various sources have gained significant interest in the development of regenerative medicine in humans and animals, due to their extraordinary range of properties and functions. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of an allogeneic stem cells derived from bone marrow (BMSC) and adipose tissue (ADSC) in treating mastitis in dairy cattle. The research material consisted of milk and blood samples collected from 39 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows, 36 of which were classified as having mastitis, based on cytological evaluation of their milk. The experimental group was divided into subgroups according to the method of MSC administration: intravenous, intramammary, and intravenous + intramammary, and according to the allogeneic stem cells administered: BMSC and ADSC. The research material was collected at several time intervals: before the administration of stem cells, after 24 and 72 h, and after 7 days. Blood samples were collected to assess hematological parameters and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while the milk samples were used for microbiological assessment and to determine the somatic cells count (SCC). The administration of allogeneic MSCs resulted in a reduction in the total number of bacterial cells, Staphylococcus aureus, bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae group, and a systematic decrease in SCC in milk. The therapeutic effect was achieved via intravenous + intramammary or intramammary administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pokorska
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Sawicki
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Julia Gabryś
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Kułaj
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Agnieszka Bauer
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Lenart-Boroń
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Bulanda
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Kuchta-Gładysz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Grzesiakowska
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kemilew
- "Kemilew Stem Cells for Animals" Company, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Mikołaj Barton
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
- Kietrz Agricultural Combine LLC, ul. Zatorze 2, 48-130, Kietrz, Poland
| | - Olga Lasek
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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23
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Song X, Wang Y, Bai R, Pei X, Xu H, Zhu K, Wu C. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of common mastitis pathogens on large Chinese dairy farms. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:185-189. [PMID: 38646569 PMCID: PMC11026961 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of common mastitis pathogens on large Chinese dairy farms. A total of 673 isolates, including Staphylococcus aureus (14.41%, 97/673), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS, 52.30%, 352/673), Streptococcus agalactiae (5.64%, 38/673), non-agalactiae streptococci (7.42%, 50/673), Acinetobacter spp. (7.72%, 52/673), Escherichia spp. (6.39%, 43/673), and Klebsiella spp. (6.09%, 41/673), were collected from 15 large Chinese dairy farms in 12 provinces. The AMR profiles were measured using a microdilution method. Our results showed that more than 75% of Staph. aureus (87/97) and CNS (291/352) were resistant to penicillin (PEN). More than 30% of Escherichia spp. (15/43) showed resistance to ampicillin (AMP). However, less than 10% CNS and non-agalactiae streptococci showed resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC; 1/352; 0/50), cephalexin (LEX; 1/352; 0/50), ceftiofur (EFT; 10/352; 0/50), and rifaximin (RIX; 21/352; 2/50); less than 10% Staph. aureus showed resistance to AMC (1/97), oxacillin (OX; 3/97), LEX (1/97), EFT (2/97), and RIX (2/97); less than 10% Strep. agalactiae showed resistance to PEN (3/38), AMC (0/38), LEX (0/38), EFT (0/38), and RIX (0/38); and less than 10% Escherichia spp. showed resistance to AMC (1/43) and EFT (4/43). These results suggested that most mastitis pathogens were susceptible to most antimicrobials with exceptions of Staph. aureus tested against penicillin or ampicillin and CNS against penicillin or oxacillin. To control the AMR threat in Chinese dairy farms, a nationwide surveillance program for AMR of bovine mastitis pathogens is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Song
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Shandong Center for Quality Control of Feed and Veterinary Drug, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Rina Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Pei
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd., Hohhot 010110, PR China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd., Hohhot 010110, PR China
| | - Kui Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Congming Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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24
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Wu Y, Gao N, Sun C, Feng T, Liu Q, Chen WH. A compendium of ruminant gastrointestinal phage genomes revealed a higher proportion of lytic phages than in any other environments. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:69. [PMID: 38576042 PMCID: PMC10993611 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruminants are important livestock animals that have a unique digestive system comprising multiple stomach compartments. Despite significant progress in the study of microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) sites of ruminants, we still lack an understanding of the viral community of ruminants. Here, we surveyed its viral ecology using 2333 samples from 10 sites along the GIT of 8 ruminant species. RESULTS We present the Unified Ruminant Phage Catalogue (URPC), a comprehensive survey of phages in the GITs of ruminants including 64,922 non-redundant phage genomes. We characterized the distributions of the phage genomes in different ruminants and GIT sites and found that most phages were organism-specific. We revealed that ~ 60% of the ruminant phages were lytic, which was the highest as compared with those in all other environments and certainly will facilitate their applications in microbial interventions. To further facilitate the future applications of the phages, we also constructed a comprehensive virus-bacteria/archaea interaction network and identified dozens of phages that may have lytic effects on methanogenic archaea. CONCLUSIONS The URPC dataset represents a useful resource for future microbial interventions to improve ruminant production and ecological environmental qualities. Phages have great potential for controlling pathogenic bacterial/archaeal species and reducing methane emissions. Our findings provide insights into the virome ecology research of the ruminant GIT and offer a starting point for future research on phage therapy in ruminants. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Center for Artificial Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chuqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Center for Artificial Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Tong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Center for Artificial Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Center for Artificial Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
- Institution of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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25
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Nagasawa Y, Nakayama M, Kato Y, Ogawa Y, Aribam SD, Tsugami Y, Iwata T, Mikami O, Sugiyama A, Onishi M, Hayashi T, Eguchi M. A novel vaccine strategy using quick and easy conversion of bacterial pathogens to unnatural amino acid-auxotrophic suicide derivatives. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0355723. [PMID: 38385737 PMCID: PMC10986568 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03557-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel strategy for quick and easy preparation of suicide live vaccine candidates against bacterial pathogens. This method requires only the transformation of one or more plasmids carrying genes encoding for two types of biological devices, an unnatural amino acid (uAA) incorporation system and toxin-antitoxin systems in which translation of the antitoxins requires the uAA incorporation. Escherichia coli BL21-AI laboratory strains carrying the plasmids were viable in the presence of the uAA, whereas the free toxins killed these strains after the removal of the uAA. The survival time after uAA removal could be controlled by the choice of the uAA incorporation system and toxin-antitoxin systems. Multilayered toxin-antitoxin systems suppressed escape frequency to less than 1 escape per 109 generations in the best case. This conditional suicide system also worked in Salmonella enterica and E. coli clinical isolates. The S. enterica vaccine strains were attenuated with a >105 fold lethal dose. Serum IgG response and protection against the parental pathogenic strain were confirmed. In addition, the live E. coli vaccine strain was significantly more immunogenic and provided greater protection than a formalin-inactivated vaccine. The live E. coli vaccine was not detected after inoculation, presumably because the uAA is not present in the host animals or the natural environment. These results suggest that this strategy provides a novel way to rapidly produce safe and highly immunogenic live bacterial vaccine candidates. IMPORTANCE Live vaccines are the oldest vaccines with a history of more than 200 years. Due to their strong immunogenicity, live vaccines are still an important category of vaccines today. However, the development of live vaccines has been challenging due to the difficulties in achieving a balance between safety and immunogenicity. In recent decades, the frequent emergence of various new and old pathogens at risk of causing pandemics has highlighted the need for rapid vaccine development processes. We have pioneered the use of uAAs to control gene expression and to conditionally kill host bacteria as a biological containment system. This report proposes a quick and easy conversion of bacterial pathogens into live vaccine candidates using this containment system. The balance between safety and immunogenicity can be modulated by the selection of the genetic devices used. Moreover, the uAA-auxotrophy can prevent the vaccine from infecting other individuals or establishing the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nagasawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Momoko Nakayama
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kato
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Ogawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Swarmistha Devi Aribam
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusaku Tsugami
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Iwata
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Osamu Mikami
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aoi Sugiyama
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Megumi Onishi
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hayashi
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiro Eguchi
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Lisuzzo A, Laghi L, Fiore E, Cecchinato A, Bisutti V, Pegolo S, Giannuzzi D, Tessari R, Barberio A, Schiavon E, Mazzotta E, Tommasoni C, Gianesella M. Serum metabolome differences associated with subclinical intramammary infection caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and Prototheca spp. in multiparous dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1656-1668. [PMID: 37806625 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most significant diseases in dairy cows and causes several economic losses. Somatic cell count (SCC) is often used as an indirect diagnostic tool for mastitis, especially for subclinical mastitis (SCM) where no symptoms or signs can be detected. Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the main causes of contagious mastitis, and Prototheca spp. is an alga-inducing environmental mastitis that is not always correlated with increased milk SCC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the metabolomic profile of blood in relation to subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) in dairy cows. In addition, differences resulting from the etiologic agent causing mastitis were also considered. Forty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in mid and late lactation were enrolled in this cross-sectional design study. Based on the bacteriological examination of milk, the animals were divided into 3 groups: group CTR (control group; n = 16), group A (affected by SCM with IMI caused by Strep. agalactiae; n = 17), and group P (affected by SCM with IMI caused by Prototheca spp.; n = 7). Blood samples from the jugular vein were collected in tubes containing clot activator; the serum aliquot was stored until metabolomic analysis by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was conducted by fitting a linear model with the group as the fixed effect and SCC as the covariate. Forty-two metabolites were identified, and among them 10 were significantly different among groups. Groups A and P showed greater levels of His and lactose and lower levels of acetate, Asn, and dimethylamine compared with group CTR. Group A showed high levels of Val, and group P showed high levels of Cit and methylguanidine, as well as lower levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, allantoin, carnitine, citrate, and ethanol. These metabolites were related to ruminal fermentations, energy metabolism, urea synthesis and metabolism, immune and inflammatory response, and mammary gland permeability. These results suggest systemic involvement with subclinical IMI and that the metabolic profile of animals with SCM undergoes changes related to the etiological agent of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lisuzzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - L Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - E Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - A Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - V Bisutti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - S Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - D Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - R Tessari
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Barberio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - E Schiavon
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - E Mazzotta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - C Tommasoni
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Gianesella
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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Chen X, Zhao Z, Jiang X, Li J, Miao F, Yu H, Lin Z, Jiang P. The Complement Component 4 Binding Protein α Gene: A Versatile Immune Gene That Influences Lipid Metabolism in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2375. [PMID: 38397050 PMCID: PMC10889797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Complement component 4 binding protein α (C4BPA) is an immune gene which is responsible for the complement regulation function of C4BP by binding and inactivating the Complement component C4b (C4b) component of the classical Complement 3 (C3) invertase pathway. Our previous findings revealed that C4BPA was differentially expressed by comparing the transcriptome in high-fat and low-fat bovine mammary epithelial cell lines (BMECs) from Chinese Holstein dairy cows. In this study, a C4BPA gene knockout BMECs line model was constructed via using a CRISPR/Cas9 system to investigate the function of C4BPA in lipid metabolism. The results showed that levels of triglyceride (TG) were increased, while levels of cholesterol (CHOL) and free fatty acid (FFA) were decreased (p < 0.05) after knocking out C4BPA in BMECs. Additionally, most kinds of fatty acids were found to be mainly enriched in the pathway of the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and regulation of lipolysis in adipocyte. Meanwhile, the RNA-seq showed that most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are related to PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The expressions of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase 1 (HMGCS1), Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 (FADS1), and Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) significantly changed when the C4BPA gene was knocked out. Collectively, C4BPA gene, which is an immune gene, played an important role in lipid metabolism in BMECs. These findings provide a new avenue for animal breeders: this gene, with multiple functions, should be reasonably utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Fengshuai Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Haibin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ziwei Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Breeding Innovation, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.C.); (Z.Z.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (F.M.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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28
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Lyu CC, Ji XY, Che HY, Meng Y, Wu HY, Zhang JB, Zhang YH, Yuan B. CGA alleviates LPS-induced inflammation and milk fat reduction in BMECs through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25004. [PMID: 38317876 PMCID: PMC10838784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an easy clinical disease in dairy cows, which seriously affects the milk yield and quality of dairy cows. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenolic substance, is abundant in Eucommia ulmoides leaves and has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. Here, we explore whether CGA attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and decreased milk fat in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). 10 μg/mL LPS was used to induce mastitis in BMECs. QRT-PCR, Western blotting, oil red O staining, and triglyceride (TG) assay were used to examine the effects of CGA on BMECs, including inflammatory response, oxidative stress response, and milk fat synthesis. The results showed that CGA repaired LPS-induced inflammation in BMECs. The expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS was decreased, and the expression levels of CHOP, XCT, NRF2, and HO-1 were increased, which reduced the oxidative stress level of cells and alleviated the reduction of milk fat synthesis. In addition, the regulation of P65 phosphorylation by CGA suggests that CGA may exert its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study showed that CGA attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and restored the decrease in milk fat content in BMECs by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hao-Yu Che
- College of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yu Meng
- College of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Wu
- College of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- College of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
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Linehan K, Patangia DV, Ross RP, Stanton C. Production, Composition and Nutritional Properties of Organic Milk: A Critical Review. Foods 2024; 13:550. [PMID: 38397527 PMCID: PMC10887702 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk is one of the most valuable products in the food industry with most milk production throughout the world being carried out using conventional management, which includes intensive and traditional systems. The intensive use of fertilizers, antibiotics, pesticides and concerns regarding animal health and the environment have given increasing importance to organic dairy and dairy products in the last two decades. This review aims to compare the production, nutritional, and compositional properties of milk produced by conventional and organic dairy management systems. We also shed light on the health benefits of milk and the worldwide scenario of the organic dairy production system. Most reports suggest milk has beneficial health effects with very few, if any, adverse effects reported. Organic milk is reported to confer additional benefits due to its lower omega-6-omega-3 ratio, which is due to the difference in feeding practices, with organic cows predominantly pasture fed. Despite the testified animal, host, and environmental benefits, organic milk production is difficult in several regions due to the cost-intensive process and geographical conditions. Finally, we offer perspectives for a better future and highlight knowledge gaps in the organic dairy management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Linehan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Dhrati V. Patangia
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Reynolds Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (K.L.); (D.V.P.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 Y120 Cork, Ireland;
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
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30
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Ohba Y, Hayashi H, Kanda M, Nagano C, Yoshikawa S, Nakajima T, Matsushima Y, Koike H, Hayashi M, Yokoyama T, Sasamoto T. Simultaneous determination of five carbapenems, highly polar antibiotics, in milk by LC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:151-161. [PMID: 38252707 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2300338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The simultaneous determination of five carbapenems (biapenem, doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, and meropenem) in raw and pasteurised bovine milk samples using LC-MS/MS was achieved and validated. Chromatographic separation was conducted on an InertSustain® AQ-C18 column using 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Target compounds were extracted using acetonitrile/water (20:80, v/v). After the removal of lipids with acetonitrile-saturated hexane, the dissolved protein was denatured with acetic acid. A portion of the supernatant was passed through an Oasis® PRiME HLB cartridge to remove the matrix. This novel method was validated in accordance with the Japanese validation guidelines and exhibited good trueness, ranging from 86.3% to 96.2%, using matrix-matched calibration curves. The relative standard deviation of repeatability ranged from 1.0% to 6.3%, and that of within-laboratory reproducibility ranged from 1.6% to 7.1%. The limit of quantification was 1.0 µg kg-1 for all analytes. None of the 60 milk samples commercially available in Tokyo contained any analytes. This novel method exhibited high-quality performance and can easily be implemented for the routine monitoring of carbapenems, which are highly polar antibiotics in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Ohba
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Maki Kanda
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Nagano
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Koike
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoka Hayashi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takeo Sasamoto
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Panchal J, Patel A, Patel S, Goswami D. Understanding mastitis: Microbiome, control strategies, and prevalence - A comprehensive review. Microb Pathog 2024; 187:106533. [PMID: 38171428 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis significantly affects the udder tissue in dairy cattle, leading to inflammation, discomfort, and a decline in both milk yield and quality. The condition can be attributed to an array of microbial agents that access the mammary gland through multiple pathways. The ramifications of this ailment are not merely confined to animal welfare but extend to the financial viability of the livestock industry. This review offers a historical lens on mastitis, tracing its documentation back to 1851, and examines its global distribution with a focus on regional differences in prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. Specific microbial genes and communities implicated in both mastitis and AMR are explored, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae,Streptococcus dysagalactiae, Streptococcus uberis Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma bovis, Corynebacterium bovis, among others. These microorganisms have evolved diverse strategies to elude host immune responses and neutralize commonly administered antibiotics, complicating management efforts. The review aims a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and research gaps on mastitis and AMR, and to highlight the need for a One Health approach to address this global health issue. Such an approach entails multi-disciplinary cooperation to foster judicious antibiotic use, enhance preventive measures against mastitis, and bolster surveillance and monitoring of AMR in pathogens responsible for mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janki Panchal
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Arun Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar, 385505, Kamdhenu University, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar, 385505, Kamdhenu University, Gujarat, India
| | - Dweipayan Goswami
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
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32
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Yan R, Ji Z, Fan J, Li J, Ren Y. Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Lactobacilli-Based Teat Detergents for the Microbiota of Cows Teats Using an Untargeted Metabolomics Approach. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:103-115. [PMID: 37957117 PMCID: PMC10840472 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2305.05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Teat cleaning pre- and post-milking is important for the overall health and hygiene of dairy cows. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a teat detergents based on lactic acid bacteria according to changes in somatic cell count and cow-milk metabolites. Sixty-nine raw milk samples were collected from 11 Holstein-Friesian cows in China during 12 days of teat cleaning. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomic approach was applied to detect metabolomic differences after treatment with lactic acid bacteria and chemical teat detergents in cows with subclinical mastitis. The results suggest that the lactobacilli-based teat detergents could reduce somatic cell count and improve microhabitat of cow teat apex by adjusting the composition of metabolites. Furthermore, the somatic cell count could be decreased significantly within 10 days following the cleaning protocol. Lactic acid bacteria have the potential to be applied as a substitution to teat chemical detergents before and after milking for maintenance of healthy teats and breasts. Further, larger scale validation work is required to support the findings of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Biomass-Energy Conversion, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P.R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqing Ji
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Biomass-Energy Conversion, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P.R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, P.R. China
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Khan MZ, Huang B, Kou X, Chen Y, Liang H, Ullah Q, Khan IM, Khan A, Chai W, Wang C. Enhancing bovine immune, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses with vitamins, rumen-protected amino acids, and trace minerals to prevent periparturient mastitis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1290044. [PMID: 38259482 PMCID: PMC10800369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis, the inflammatory condition of mammary glands, has been closely associated with immune suppression and imbalances between antioxidants and free radicals in cattle. During the periparturient period, dairy cows experience negative energy balance (NEB) due to metabolic stress, leading to elevated oxidative stress and compromised immunity. The resulting abnormal regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), along with increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) are the key factors associated with suppressed immunity thereby increases susceptibility of dairy cattle to infections, including mastitis. Metabolic diseases such as ketosis and hypocalcemia indirectly contribute to mastitis vulnerability, exacerbated by compromised immune function and exposure to physical injuries. Oxidative stress, arising from disrupted balance between ROS generation and antioxidant availability during pregnancy and calving, further contributes to mastitis susceptibility. Metabolic stress, marked by excessive lipid mobilization, exacerbates immune depression and oxidative stress. These factors collectively compromise animal health, productive efficiency, and udder health during periparturient phases. Numerous studies have investigated nutrition-based strategies to counter these challenges. Specifically, amino acids, trace minerals, and vitamins have emerged as crucial contributors to udder health. This review comprehensively examines their roles in promoting udder health during the periparturient phase. Trace minerals like copper, selenium, and calcium, as well as vitamins; have demonstrated significant impacts on immune regulation and antioxidant defense. Vitamin B12 and vitamin E have shown promise in improving metabolic function and reducing oxidative stress followed by enhanced immunity. Additionally, amino acids play a pivotal role in maintaining cellular oxidative balance through their involvement in vital biosynthesis pathways. In conclusion, addressing periparturient mastitis requires a holistic understanding of the interplay between metabolic stress, immune regulation, and oxidative balance. The supplementation of essential amino acids, trace minerals, and vitamins emerges as a promising avenue to enhance udder health and overall productivity during this critical phase. This comprehensive review underscores the potential of nutritional interventions in mitigating periparturient bovine mastitis and lays the foundation for future research in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bingjian Huang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xiyan Kou
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Huili Liang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Adnan Khan
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenqiong Chai
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Hu X, He Z, Zhao C, He Y, Qiu M, Xiang K, Zhang N, Fu Y. Gut/rumen-mammary gland axis in mastitis: Gut/rumen microbiota-mediated "gastroenterogenic mastitis". J Adv Res 2024; 55:159-171. [PMID: 36822391 PMCID: PMC10770137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis is an inflammatory response in the mammary gland that results in huge economic losses in the breeding industry. The aetiology of mastitis is complex, and the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. It is commonly believed that mastitis is induced by pathogen infection of the mammary gland and induces a local inflammatory response. However, in the clinic, mastitis is often comorbid or secondary to gastric disease, and local control effects targeting the mammary gland are limited. In addition, recent studies have found that the gut/rumen microbiota contributes to the development of mastitis and proposed the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis. Combined with studies indicating that gut/rumen microbiota disturbance can damage the gut mucosa barrier, gut/rumen bacteria and their metabolites can migrate to distal extraintestinal organs. It is believed that the occurrence of mastitis is related not only to the infection of the mammary gland by external pathogenic microorganisms but also to a gastroenterogennic pathogenic pathway. AIM OF REVIEW We propose the pathological concept of "gastroenterogennic mastitis" and believe that the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis-mediated pathway is the pathological mechanism of "gastroenterogennic mastitis". KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW To clarify the concept of "gastroenterogennic mastitis" by summarizing reports on the effect of the gut/rumen microbiota on mastitis and the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis-mediated pathway to provide a research basis and direction for further understanding and solving the pathogenesis and difficulties encountered in the prevention of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Zhaoqi He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Caijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Kaihe Xiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China.
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China.
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Imklin N, Patikae P, Poomirut P, Arunvipas P, Nasanit R, Sajapitak S. Isolation of bacteriophages specific to bovine mastitis-causing bacteria and characterization of their lytic activity in pasteurized milk. Vet World 2024; 17:207-215. [PMID: 38406365 PMCID: PMC10884585 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.207-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Bovine mastitis is one of the most serious issues in dairy production. It is caused by contagious and coliform pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria raises urgent concerns in the field of drug treatment, thus requiring the exploration of alternative treatments. Bacteriophage therapy has been shown to be a promising alternative approach for the control of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. In this study, we aimed to isolate phages specific to contagious mastitis and coliform mastitis, characterize the isolated phages, and examine their ability to lyse bacteria in pasteurized milk samples. Materials and Methods The Staphylococcus phage vB_Sau-RP15 isolated from raw milk in our previous study was used in this study. Other three phages, vB_Eco-RN12i1, vB_Kpn-RN14i1, and vB_Ssc-RN20i3, were isolated from wastewater using E. coli 5823, K. pneumoniae 194, and Staphylococcus sciuri MM01 as hosts, respectively. The host range and efficiency of plating (EOP) were determined following phage isolation. Moreover, the lysis activities of these phages against their hosts were investigated in pasteurized milk using a multiplicity of infections (MOIs) of 10 and 100 at 37°C. Phages were applied using individual and combination phages. Results According to the EOP results, all phages showed high specificity to their respective hosts. They are tailed phages with distinct morphologies. Individual phage treatments in spiked pasteurized milk with their respective bacterial hosts significantly reduced the bacterial counts in both MOI conditions during the first 2 h of the treatment (approximately 1-8 log reduction compared to the control). Although these phages specifically infected only their hosts, the phage cocktail resulted in a better result compared to the use of individual phage. However, bacterial regrowth was observed in all experiments, which may be related to the development of phage-insensitive mutants. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the application of phages could be used to treat bovine mastitis. Phage cocktail is suitable to promote the efficacy of phage treatment in pasteurized milk. However, when considering the use of phages in dairy cows, certain phage properties in raw milk and in vivo and ex vivo should be highlighted to ensure their effectiveness as biocontrol agents for bovine mastitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napakhwan Imklin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Patinya Patikae
- Veterinary Clinical Study Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Peekarn Poomirut
- Veterinary Clinical Study Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pipat Arunvipas
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Rujikan Nasanit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Somchai Sajapitak
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Abdullahi IN, Latorre-Fernández J, Reuben RC, Trabelsi I, González-Azcona C, Arfaoui A, Usman Y, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Beyond the Wild MRSA: Genetic Features and Phylogenomic Review of mecC-Mediated Methicillin Resistance in Non- aureus Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci. Microorganisms 2023; 12:66. [PMID: 38257893 PMCID: PMC10818522 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin resistance, mediated by the mecA gene in staphylococci and mammaliicocci, has caused tremendous setbacks in the use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine due to its high potential of presenting the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Three other mec analogs exist, of which the mecC has evolutionary been associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in wild animals, thus loosely referred to as the wild MRSA. In this study, we present an epidemiological review and genomic analysis of non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci that carry the mecC-mediated methicillin resistance trait and determine whether this trait has any relevant link with the One Health niches. All previous studies (2007 till 2023) that described the mecC gene in non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci were obtained from bibliometric databases, reviewed, and systematically analyzed to obtain the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence determinants, mobilome, and other genetic contents. Moreover, core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis was used to assess the relatedness of these strains. Of the 533 articles analyzed, only 16 studies (on livestock, environmental samples, milk bulk tanks, and wild animals) were eligible for inclusion, of which 17 genomes from 6 studies were used for various in silico genetic analyses. Findings from this systematic review show that all mecC-carrying non-aureus staphylococci were resistant to only beta-lactam antibiotics and associated with the classical SCCmec XI of S. aureusLGA251. Similarly, two studies on wild animals reported mecC-carrying Mammaliicoccus stepanovicii associated with SCCmec XI. Nevertheless, most of the mecC-carrying Mammaliicoccus species presented an MDR phenotype (including linezolid) and carried the SCCmec-mecC hybrid associated with mecA. The phylogenetic analysis of the 17 genomes revealed close relatedness (<20 SNPs) and potential transmission of M. sciuri and M. lentus strains in livestock farms in Algeria, Tunisia, and Brazil. Furthermore, closely related M. sciuri strains from Austria, Brazil, and Tunisia (<40 SNPs) were identified. This systematic review enhances our comprehension of the epidemiology and genetic organization of mecC within the non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci. It could be hypothesized that the mecC-carrying non-aureus staphylococci are evolutionarily related to the wild MRSA-mecC. The potential implications of clonal development of a lineage of mecA/mecC carrying strains across multiple dairy farms in a vast geographical region with the dissemination of MDR phenotype is envisaged. It was observed that most mecC-carrying non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci were reported in mastitis cases. Therefore, veterinarians and veterinary microbiology laboratories must remain vigilant regarding the potential existence of mecA/mecC strains originating from mastitis as a potential niche for this resistance trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Javier Latorre-Fernández
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Rine Christopher Reuben
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Islem Trabelsi
- Bioresources, Environment and Biotechnology Laboratory, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia;
| | - Carmen González-Azcona
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ameni Arfaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Yahaya Usman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria;
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (J.L.-F.); (R.C.R.); (C.G.-A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
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Lin WC, Hsu KC, You MF, Lee KH, Chi CH, Chen JY. Octanoic acid promotes clearance of antibiotic-tolerant cells and eradicates biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from recurrent bovine mastitis. Biofilm 2023; 6:100149. [PMID: 37635811 PMCID: PMC10450856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy is the primary treatment for bovine mastitis, but the drawbacks of this strategy include poor cure rate and economic losses from the need to discard milk with antibiotic residues. Unfortunately, few other treatment options are currently available for mastitis. Failure of antibiotic treatments is often attributed to formation of bacterial biofilms and abscesses in the mammary gland tissue, which lead to chronic infections that are difficult to eradicate and drive recurrent disease. A major mastitis-causing pathogen (MCP) associated with biofilms in bovine mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, we demonstrate that octanoic acid has broad-spectrum microbicidal activity against MCPs and effectively inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation in milk (>50% inhibition at 3.13 mM). Octanoic acid effectively clears biofilms (95% eradication at 1X minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC) and infrequently induces S. aureus small colony variants (SCVs) that may cause recurrent mastitis. Additionally, octanoic acid rapidly kills persistent biofilm cells and cells with antibiotic tolerance (within 4 h). In contrast, antibiotics treated at >100X MBC cannot eradicate biofilms but do induce SCVs and antibiotic-tolerant cells. These effects may accelerate the transition from biofilm to chronic infection. Thus, octanoic acid exhibits bactericidal action against S. aureus biofilms, and it is less likely than antibiotic therapy to induce persistent cells and pathogen tolerance. Moreover, octanoic acid acts additively with antibiotics against S. aureus, and it attenuates tetracycline-induced virulence factor gene expression in S. aureus cells. According to these data, octanoic acid may prevent the pathological progression of bovine mastitis and offer a new strategy for treating the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Lin
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chen Hsu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng You
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hua Lee
- Hsin-Chu Branch Station, COA- TRI, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Hwa Chi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center and the Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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38
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Lu Y, Wang D, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Lu J, Zeng Z, Zeng D. Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of a Film-Forming Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Teat Disinfectant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17444. [PMID: 38139273 PMCID: PMC10743736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis caused by infectious pathogens can lead to a decline in production performance and an increase in elimination rate, resulting in huge losses to the dairy industry. This study aims to prepare a novel dairy cow teat disinfectant with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) as the main bactericidal component and to evaluate its bactericidal activity in vitro and its disinfection effect in dairy cow teats. PHMB disinfectant with a concentration of 3 g/L was prepared with PVA-1788, propylene glycol and glycerol as excipients. When the dilution ratio is 1:4800 and the action time is 5 min, the PHMB teat disinfectant can reduce the four types of bacteria (S. agalactiae ATCC 12386, S. dysgalactiae ATCC 35666, S. aureus ATCC 6538, and E. coli ATCC 8099) by 99.99%. PHMB teat disinfectant applied on the skin of rabbits with four bacteria types achieved an average log10 reduction greater than 4. After 30 s of PHMB teat disinfectant dipping, the bacteria of cow teats were counted prior to disinfection. The mean log10 reduction in bacteria on the skin surface of 12 cows ranged from 0.99 to 3.52 after applying the PHMB teat disinfectant for 10 min. After 12 h, the PHMB teat disinfectant achieved an average log10 reduction in bacteria from 0.27 to 0.68 (compared with that prior to disinfection). These results suggested that PHMB teat disinfection has the potential to prevent and treat mastitis-causing bacteria in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Di Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yueying Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaxuan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dongping Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Liu J, Liu H, Cao G, Cui Y, Wang H, Chen X, Xu F, Li X. Microbiota Characterization of the Cow Mammary Gland Microenvironment and Its Association with Somatic Cell Count. Vet Sci 2023; 10:699. [PMID: 38133250 PMCID: PMC10747812 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis is a common disease that threatens the welfare and health of dairy cows and causes huge economic losses. Somatic cell count (SCC) is the most suitable indirect index used to evaluate the degree of mastitis. To explore the relationship between SCC, diversity in the microbiome, and subclinical mastitis, we performed next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of cow's milk with different SCC ranges. The data obtained showed that the microbiota was rich and coordinated with SCC below 2 × 105. SCC above 2 × 105 showed a decrease in the diversity of microbial genera. When SCC was below 2 × 105, the phylum Actinobacteriota accounted for the most. When SCC was between 2 × 105 and 5 × 105, Firmicutes accounted for the most, and when SCC exceeded 5 × 105, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria accounted for the most. Pathogenic genera such as Streptococcus spp. were absent, while SCC above 2 × 105 showed a decrease in the diversity of microbial genera. SCC was positively correlated with the percentage of Romboutsia, Turicibacter, and Paeniclostridium and negatively correlated with the percentage of Staphylococcus, Psychrobacter, Aerococcus, and Streptococcus. Romboutsia decreased 6.19 times after the SCC exceeded 2 × 105; the SCC increased exponentially from 2 × 105 to 5 × 105 and above 1 × 106 in Psychrobacter. Analysis of the microbiota of the different SCC ranges suggests that the development of mastitis may not only be a primary infection but may also be the result of dysbiosis in the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.)
| | - Huan Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.)
| | - Guangjie Cao
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.)
| | - Yifang Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.)
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Xu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiubo Li
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
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Alessandri G, Sangalli E, Facchi M, Fontana F, Mancabelli L, Donofrio G, Ventura M. Metataxonomic analysis of milk microbiota in the bovine subclinical mastitis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad136. [PMID: 37880979 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis is one of the most widespread diseases affecting dairy herds with detrimental effects on animal health, milk productivity, and quality. Despite its multifactorial nature, the presence of pathogenic bacteria is regarded one of the main drivers of subclinical mastitis, causing a disruption of the homeostasis of the bovine milk microbial community. However, bovine milk microbiota alterations associated with subclinical mastitis still represents a largely unexplored research area. Therefore, the species-level milk microbiota of a total of 75 milk samples, collected from both healthy and subclinical mastitis-affected cows from two different stables, was deeply profiled through an ITS, rather than a traditional, and less informative, 16S rRNA gene microbial profiling. Surprisingly, the present pilot study not only revealed that subclinical mastitis is characterized by a reduced biodiversity of the bovine milk microbiota, but also that this disease does not induce standard alterations of the milk microbial community across stables. In addition, a flow cytometry-based total bacterial cell enumeration highlighted that subclinical mastitis is accompanied by a significant increment in the number of milk microbial cells. Furthermore, the combination of the metagenomic and flow cytometry approaches allowed to identify different potential microbial marker strictly correlated with subclinical mastitis across stables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Sangalli
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Mario Facchi
- DVM Bovine Practitioner "Bergamo Veterinari" Group, 24124 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- GenProbio srl, Via Nazario Sauro 3, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Kaseke TB, Chikwambi Z, Gomo C, Mashingaidze AB, Murungweni C. Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants on the management of mastitis in dairy cows: A systematic review. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2800-2819. [PMID: 37725398 PMCID: PMC10650345 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis is a disease of economic importance in dairy production systems. The common management regime for mastitis is the use of synthetic antibiotics, giving a new problem of antibiotic resistance. There is, therefore, a need to prospect for alternatives to conventional antibiotics from herbal plants. OBJECTIVES This systematic review evaluates the use of plants as alternatives for the control of mastitis in dairy cattle, focussing on the effectiveness of studied plants and plant-based products and possible implications on the use of these products in livestock health. METHODOLOGY The PRISMA model was implemented with searches done in five electronic databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Ovid and Research4Life. Data were extracted from 45 studies with 112 plant species from plant species belonging to 42 different families. The specific keywords were 'mastitis', 'dairy cows' and 'medicinal plants'. RESULTS The most cited plant species included Allium sativum L., Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus globulus Labill with the latter further exploring its components. Microbial species causing mastitis mainly were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extraction methods used included maceration approach using ethanol, methanol and water as solvents for phytochemicals and chromatographic techniques for essential oils. A few studies explored the mode of action, and toxicities of the herbal extracts as well as evaluating their efficacy in clinical trials using animal models. CONCLUSION Plants with defined levels of phytochemicals were essential sources of antibacterials. Standardisation of analytical methods is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinotenda Blessing Kaseke
- School of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of Animal Production and TechnologyChinhoyi University of TechnologyChinhoyiMashonaland WestZimbabwe
- School of Health Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of BiotechnologyChinhoyi University of TechnologyChinhoyiMashonaland WestZimbabwe
| | - Zedias Chikwambi
- School of Health Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of BiotechnologyChinhoyi University of TechnologyChinhoyiMashonaland WestZimbabwe
| | - Calvin Gomo
- School of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of Animal Production and TechnologyChinhoyi University of TechnologyChinhoyiMashonaland WestZimbabwe
| | - Arnold Bray Mashingaidze
- School of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of Crop Science and TechnologyChinhoyi University of TechnologyChinhoyiMashonaland WestZimbabwe
| | - Chrispen Murungweni
- School of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of Animal Production and TechnologyChinhoyi University of TechnologyChinhoyiMashonaland WestZimbabwe
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Özgüden-Akkoc CG, Mutlu AM, Keskin A, Yumuşak E, Akkoc A. Phenotypic evaluation of mast cells in bovine mammary tissue and mastitis in the context of fibrosis. J DAIRY RES 2023; 90:387-392. [PMID: 38186214 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029923000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This research paper addresses the hypothesis that mast cells (MCs) contribute to the formation of mammary fibrosis. MCs are important immune regulatory and immune modulatory cells that play major roles in the inflammatory process. Since there is no detailed knowledge, this research study aimed to comparatively investigate the presence, localization, and immunophenotypes of MCs in healthy and mastitic mammary tissues. A total of 264 mammary samples were evaluated for the examination of mast cells and fibrosis. The mean mast cell number in both acute and chronic mastitis samples were very significantly higher than the control group P < 0.001). A 7.9-fold increase in the number of mast cells was found when the chronic mastitis group was compared with the control (healthy) group. Immunohistochemistry revealed presence of all three immune phenotypes in control and mastitic mammary samples (tryptase + (MCT), chymase + (MCC) and both chymase and tryptase + (MCTC). The mean MCT, MCC, and MCTC numbers in the chronic mastitis group were found to be significantly higher than the control (P < 0.001 for all three phenotypes) but did not differ significantly between control and acute mastitis samples. When the mean numbers of MCT, MCC, and MCTC in the control group and chronic mastitis group were compared, a 10.5, 7.8, and a 4.1-fold increase was observed, respectively. The amount of connective tissue was strongly increased in tissues with chronic mastitis and a 3.01-fold increase was detected compared to the control group. A statistically significant relation was also found between the amount of fibrosis and the increased number of total MCs (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansel Güzin Özgüden-Akkoc
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Meriç Mutlu
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Institute, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Abdülkadir Keskin
- Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Yumuşak
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Institute, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Akkoc
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
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Guo Z, Ma Y, Jia Z, Wang L, Lu X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Hao H, Yu S, Wang Z. Crosstalk between integrin/FAK and Crk/Vps25 governs invasion of bovine mammary epithelial cells by S. agalactiae. iScience 2023; 26:107884. [PMID: 37766995 PMCID: PMC10520442 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) is a contagious obligate parasite of the udder in dairy cows. Here, we examined S. agalactiae-host interactions in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) in vitro. We found that S. agalactiae infected BMECs through laminin β2 and integrin. Crk, Vps25, and RhoA were differentially expressed in S. agalactiae-infected cells. S. agalactiae infection activated FAK and Crk. FAK deficiency decreased the number of intracellular S. agalactiae and Crk activation. Knockdown of Crk or Vps25 increased the level of intracellular S. agalactiae, whereas its overexpression had the opposite effect. RhoA expression and actin cytoskeleton were altered in S. agalactiae-infected BMECs. Crk and Vps25 interact in cells, and invaded S. agalactiae also activates Crk, allowing it to cooperate with Vps25 to defend against intracellular infection by S. agalactiae. This study provides insights into the mechanism by which intracellular infection by S. agalactiae is regulated in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- School of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuze Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zhibo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jining Normal University, Jining 012000, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shuixing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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Yao Y, Zhang Z, Yang Z. The combination of vaccines and adjuvants to prevent the occurrence of high incidence of infectious diseases in bovine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1243835. [PMID: 37885619 PMCID: PMC10598632 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1243835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global population grows, the demand for beef and dairy products is also increasing. The cattle industry is facing tremendous pressures and challenges. The expanding cattle industry has led to an increased risk of disease in cattle. These diseases not only cause economic losses but also pose threats to public health and safety. Hence, ensuring the health of cattle is crucial. Vaccination is one of the most economical and effective methods of preventing bovine infectious diseases. However, there are fewer comprehensive reviews of bovine vaccines available. In addition, the variable nature of bovine infectious diseases will result in weakened or even ineffective immune protection from existing vaccines. This shows that it is crucial to improve overall awareness of bovine vaccines. Adjuvants, which are crucial constituents of vaccines, have a significant role in enhancing vaccine response. This review aims to present the latest advances in bovine vaccines mainly including types of bovine vaccines, current status of development of commonly used vaccines, and vaccine adjuvants. In addition, this review highlights the main challenges and outstanding problems of bovine vaccines and adjuvants in the field of research and applications. This review provides a theoretical and practical basis for the eradication of global bovine infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Isaac P, Bohl LP, Romero CM, Rodríguez Berdini L, Breser ML, De Lillo MF, Orellano MS, Calvinho LF, Porporatto C. Teat-apex colonizer Bacillus from healthy cows antagonizes mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Res Vet Sci 2023; 163:104968. [PMID: 37573647 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent causal agent of bovine mastitis, which is largely responsible for milk production losses worldwide. The pathogen's ability to form stable biofilms facilitates intramammary colonization and may explain disease persistence. This virulence factor is also highly influential in the development of chronic intramammary infections refractory to antimicrobial therapy, which is why novel therapies that can tackle multiple targets are necessary. Since udder microbiota have important implications in mastitis pathogenesis, they offer opportunities to develop alternative prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. Here, we observed that a Bacillus strain from the teat apex of lactating cows was associated to reduce colonization by S. aureus. The strain, identified as Bacillus sp. H21, was able to antagonize in-formation or mature S. aureus biofilms associated to intramammary infections without affecting cell viability. When exploring the metabolite responsible for this activity, we found that a widespread class of Bacillus exopolysaccharide, levan, eliminated the pathogenic biofilm under evaluated conditions. Moreover, levan had no cytotoxic effects on bovine cellular lines at the biologically active concentration range, which demonstrates its potential for pathogen control. Our results indicate that commensal Bacillus may counteract S. aureus-induced mastitis, and could therefore be used in novel biotechnological strategies to prevent and/or treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Isaac
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María (IAPCByA-UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Paola Bohl
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María (IAPCByA-UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cintia Mariana Romero
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Lucía Rodríguez Berdini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Laura Breser
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María (IAPCByA-UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Florencia De Lillo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Orellano
- Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), Donostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain; POLYMAT, Donostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Luis Fernando Calvinho
- Departamento de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carina Porporatto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María (IAPCByA-UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Morales-Ubaldo AL, Rivero-Perez N, Valladares-Carranza B, Velázquez-Ordoñez V, Delgadillo-Ruiz L, Zaragoza-Bastida A. Bovine mastitis, a worldwide impact disease: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and viable alternative approaches. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 21:100306. [PMID: 37547227 PMCID: PMC10400929 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is globally considered one of the most important diseases within dairy herds, mainly due to the associated economic losses. The most prevalent etiology are bacteria, classified into contagious and environmental, with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common pathogens associated with mastitis cases. To date these pathogens are resistant to the most common active ingredients used for mastitis treatment. According to recent studies resistance to new antimicrobials has increased, which is why developing of alternative treatments is imperative. Therefore the present review aims to summarize the reports about bovine mastitis along 10 years, emphasizing bacterial etiology, its epidemiology, and the current situation of antimicrobial resistance, as well as the development of alternative treatments for this pathology. Analyzed data showed that the prevalence of major pathogens associated with bovine mastitis varied according to geographical region. Moreover, these pathogens are classified as multidrug-resistant, since the effectiveness of antimicrobials on them has decreased. To date, several studies have focused on the research of alternative treatments, among them vegetal extracts, essential oils, or peptides. Some other works have reported the application of nanotechnology and polymers against bacteria associated with bovine mastitis. Results demonstrated that these alternatives may be effective on bacteria associated with bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lizet Morales-Ubaldo
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P 43660, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Nallely Rivero-Perez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P 43660, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Valladares-Carranza
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P. 50200 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Valente Velázquez-Ordoñez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P. 50200 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Lucía Delgadillo-Ruiz
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, CP. 98068, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P 43660, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Gugjoo MB, Sakeena Q, Wani MY, Abdel-Baset Ismail A, Ahmad SM, Shah RA. Mesenchymal stem cells: A promising antimicrobial therapy in veterinary medicine. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106234. [PMID: 37442216 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to human and animal populations citing the limited available options. Alternative antimicrobial options or functional enhancement of currently available antimicrobials remains only options. One of the potential options seems stem cells especially the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that show antimicrobial properties. These cells additionally have pro-healing effects that may plausibly improve healing outcomes. MSCs antimicrobial actions are mediated either through direct cell-cell contact or their secretome that enhances innate immune mediated antimicrobial activities. These cells synergistically enhance efficacy of currently available antimicrobials especially against the biofilms. Reciprocal action from antimicrobials on the MSCs functionality remains poorly understood. Currently, the main limitation with MSCs based therapy is their limited efficacy. This demands further understanding and can be enhanced through biotechnological interventions. One of the interventional options is the 'priming' to enhance MSCs resistance and specific expression potential. The available literature shows potential antimicrobial actions of MSCs both ex vivo as well as in vivo. The studies on veterinary species are very promising although limited by number and extensiveness in details for their utility as standard therapeutic agents. The current review aims to discuss the role of animals in AMR and the potential antimicrobial actions of MSCs in veterinary medicine. The review also discusses the limitations in their utilization as standard therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qumaila Sakeena
- Division of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, FVSc & AH, Shuhama, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Mohd Yaqoob Wani
- Directorate of Extension Education, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Baset Ismail
- Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Shuhama, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Shuhama, J&K, 190006, India
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Li K, Ran X, Zeng Y, Li S, Hu G, Wang X, Li Y, Yang Z, Liu J, Fu S. Maslinic acid alleviates LPS-induced mice mastitis by inhibiting inflammatory response, maintaining the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and regulating intestinal flora. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110551. [PMID: 37406397 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis occurs frequently in breastfeeding women and not only affects the women's health but also hinders breastfeeding. Maslinic acid is a type of pentacyclic triterpenoid widely found in olives that has good anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to discuss the protective function of maslinic acid against mastitis and its underlying mechanism. For this, mice models of mastitis were established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results revealed that maslinic acid reduced the pathological lesions in the mammary gland. In addition, it reduced the generation of pro-inflammatory factors and enzymes (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX2) in both mice mammary tissue and mammary epithelial cells. The high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing of intestinal flora showed that in mice with mastitis, maslinic acid treatment altered β-diversity and regulated microbial structure by increasing the abundance of probiotics such as Enterobacteriaceae and downregulating harmful bacteria such as Streptococcaceae. In addition, maslinic acid protected the blood-milk barrier by maintaining tight-junction protein expression. Furthermore, maslinic acid downregulated mammary inflammation by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, AKT/NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways. Thus, in a mice model of LPS-induced mastitis, maslinic acid can inhibit the inflammatory response, protect the blood-milk barrier, and regulate the constitution of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Ran
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yiruo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shubo Li
- Liaoning Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Guiqiu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhanqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Nale JY, McEwan NR. Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1307. [PMID: 37627727 PMCID: PMC10451327 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a polymicrobial disease characterised by inflammation of the udders of dairy and beef cattle. The infection has huge implications to health and welfare of animals, impacting milk and beef production and costing up to EUR 32 billion annually to the dairy industry, globally. Bacterial communities associated with the disease include representative species from Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Actinomyces, Aerococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella and Proteus. Conventional treatment relies on antibiotics, but antimicrobial resistance, declining antibiotic innovations and biofilm production negatively impact therapeutic efficacy. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses which effectively target and lyse bacteria with extreme specificity and can be a valuable supplement or replacement to antibiotics for bovine mastitis. In this review, we provide an overview of the etiology of bovine mastitis, the advantages of phage therapy over chemical antibiotics for the strains and research work conducted in the area in various model systems to support phage deployment in the dairy industry. We emphasise work on phage isolation procedures from samples obtained from mastitic and non-mastitic sources, characterisation and efficacy testing of single and multiple phages as standalone treatments or adjuncts to probiotics in various in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo bovine mastitis infection models. Furthermore, we highlight the areas where improvements can be made with focus on phage cocktail optimisation, formulation, and genetic engineering to improve delivery, stability, efficacy, and safety in cattle. Phage therapy is becoming more attractive in clinical medicine and agriculture and thus, could mitigate the impending catastrophe of antimicrobial resistance in the dairy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Y. Nale
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Inverness IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK
| | - Neil R. McEwan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Aberdeen AB21 9YA, Scotland, UK;
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50
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Tommasoni C, Fiore E, Lisuzzo A, Gianesella M. Mastitis in Dairy Cattle: On-Farm Diagnostics and Future Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2538. [PMID: 37570346 PMCID: PMC10417731 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most important diseases in dairy cattle farms, and it can affect the health status of the udder and the quantity and quality of milk yielded. The correct management of mastitis is based both on preventive and treatment action. With the increasing concern for antimicrobial resistance, it is strongly recommended to treat only the mammary quarters presenting intramammary infection. For this reason, a timely and accurate diagnosis is fundamental. The possibility to detect and characterize mastitis directly on farm would be very useful to choose the correct management protocol. Some on-field diagnostic tools are already routinely applied to detect mastitis, such as the California Mastitis Test and on-farm culture. Other instruments are emerging to perform a timely diagnosis and to characterize mastitis, such as Infra-Red Thermography, mammary ultrasound evaluation and blood gas analysis, even if their application still needs to be improved. The main purpose of this article is to present an overview of the methods currently used to control, detect, and characterize mastitis in dairy cows, in order to perform a timely diagnosis and to choose the most appropriate management protocol, with a specific focus on on-farm diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tommasoni
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (E.F.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
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