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Yamashita Y, Umemura Y. Effect of High-Intensity With Short-Duration Re-Warm-Up on Subsequent Performance in a Cold Environment. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:e280-e287. [PMID: 38595296 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Yamashita, Y and Umemura, Y. Effect of high-intensity with short-duration re-warm up on subsequent performance in a cold environment. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): e280-e287, 2024-The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity, short-duration re-warm-up (RW) during half time (HT) on subsequent performance in a cold environment. Eleven male subjects (age, 21 ± 2 years; height, 172.4 ± 4.5 cm; body mass, 65.6 ± 7.1 kg; V̇ o2 max, 47.5 ± 4.8 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ) performed 2 experimental trials comprising 40 minutes of intermittent cycling exercise, which consisted of 15-second rest, 25-second unloading cycling, 10-second high-intensity cycling, and 70-second moderate-intensity cycling as the first half. In the second half, a cycling intermittent-sprint protocol (CISP) was performed, separated by a 15-minute HT period in cold conditions (5 °C, 50% relative humidity). Two experimental trials were included in a random order: (a) approximately 1 minute of high-intensity, short-duration RW (3 sets of 3-second maximal pedaling [body weight × 0.075 kp]) trial high-intensity intermittent cycling trials (HII); (b) 15 minutes of seated rest trial (CON). Cycling intermittent-sprint protocol consisted of 10 sets of a 2-minute exercise protocol, and each set consisted of 10-second rest, 5-second maximal pedaling (body weight × 0.075 kp), and 105-second active recovery at 50% maximum oxygen uptake (V̇ o2 max). Peak power output of 5-second maximal pedaling during CISP was higher in HII trials than in CON trials (HII: 807 ± 81 W, CON: 791 ± 78 W, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in rectal temperature between trial types ( p > 0.05). These results suggest that high-intensity, short-duration RW may be a useful HT strategy for improving subsequent performance in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Yamashita
- Laboratory for Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics, Graduate School of Health and Sports Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
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Donnan KJ, Williams EL, Stanger N. The effect of exercise-induced fatigue and heat exposure on soccer-specific decision-making during high-intensity intermittent exercise. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279109. [PMID: 36520792 PMCID: PMC9754236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming and the globalisation of sport has increased the prevalence of sports competitions being held in hot environments. However, there is currently limited research investigating the impact of the heat on soccer-specific decision-making skills during exercise reflective of the physical demands of match-play. Therefore, the effects of heat exposure on physical and soccer-specific decision-making performance, biological markers (i.e., metanephrines), appraisal (i.e., challenge vs. threat) and affective states, during prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise were investigated. Nine well-trained male soccer players completed a 92-min cycling intermittent sprint protocol (CISP), whilst simultaneously responding to a series of soccer-specific decision-making trials at various time points, in two temperature conditions: hot (32°C, 50%rh) and temperate (18°C, 50%rh). Results showed that decision-making score (p = .030) was impaired in the hot compared to the temperate condition. There was a reduced workload in the second half during the hot condition (p = .016), which coincided with a heightened threat state (p = .007) and more unpleasant feelings (p = .008) experienced in the hot, compared to temperate, condition. Furthermore, plasma normetanephrine (NMET) was higher at half-time (p = .012) and post-CISP (p ≤ .001). Also, plasma metanephrine (MET) was higher post-CISP (p = .009) in the hot compared to temperate condition, reflecting a heightened stress response. Our findings highlight the need for practitioners to consider the detrimental effects heat exposure can have on both physical and decision-making performance when looking to facilitate performance in hot conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J. Donnan
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Emily L. Williams
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Stanger
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Roriz M, Brito P, Teixeira FJ, Brito J, Teixeira VH. Performance effects of internal pre- and per-cooling across different exercise and environmental conditions: A systematic review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:959516. [PMID: 36337635 PMCID: PMC9632747 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.959516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise in a hot and humid environment may endanger athlete's health and affect physical performance. This systematic review aimed to examine whether internal administration of ice, cold beverages or menthol solutions may be beneficial for physical performance when exercising in different environmental conditions and sports backgrounds. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases, from inception to April 2022, to identify studies meeting the following inclusion criteria: healthy male and female physically active individuals or athletes (aged ≥18 years); an intervention consisting in the internal administration (i.e., ingestion or mouth rinse) of ice slush, ice slurry or crushed ice and/or cold beverages and/or menthol solutions before and/or during exercise; a randomized crossover design with a control or placebo condition; the report of at least one physical performance outcome; and to be written in English. Our search retrieved 2,714 articles in total; after selection, 43 studies were considered, including 472 participants, 408 men and 64 women, aged 18-42 years, with a VO2max ranging from 46.2 to 67.2 mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1. Average ambient temperature and relative humidity during the exercise tasks were 32.4 ± 3.5°C (ranging from 22°C to 38°C) and 50.8 ± 13.4% (varying from 20.0% to 80.0%), respectively. Across the 43 studies, 7 exclusively included a menthol solution mouth rinse, 30 exclusively involved ice slurry/ice slush/crushed ice/cold beverages intake, and 6 examined both the effect of thermal and non-thermal internal techniques in the same protocol. Rinsing a menthol solution (0.01%) improved physical performance during continuous endurance exercise in the heat. Conversely, the ingestion of ice or cold beverages did not seem to consistently increase performance, being more likely to improve performance in continuous endurance trials, especially when consumed during exercises. Co-administration of menthol with or within ice beverages seems to exert a synergistic effect by improving physical performance. Even in environmental conditions that are not extreme, internal cooling strategies may have an ergogenic effect. Further studies exploring both intermittent and outdoor exercise protocols, involving elite male and female athletes and performed under not extreme environmental conditions are warranted. Systematic review registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021268197], identifier [CRD42021268197].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Roriz
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto (FCNAUP), Porto, Portugal
- Futebol Clube do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Brito
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Filipe J. Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
- Atlântica, Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, Barcarena, Portugal
- Bettery Lifelab, Bettery S.A., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Vitor Hugo Teixeira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto (FCNAUP), Porto, Portugal
- Futebol Clube do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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Effect of High-Intensity, Intermittent, Short-Duration Re-Warming up on Cycling Sprint Performance. J Hum Kinet 2022; 83:131-141. [PMID: 36157948 PMCID: PMC9465751 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of warming up again during half-time (i.e., re-warm up [RW]) with high-intensity, intermittent, short-duration exercise on cycling sprint performance. Participants (male, n = 10) performed intermittent cycling exercise for 40 min, followed by a 15-min half-time period with either rest only (control trials [CON]) or rest followed by a RW (three intervals of 3 s of maximal-effort cycling and 27 s of rest [HII]), after which participants performed the Cycling Intermittent-Sprint Protocol (CISP) to evaluate their sprint performance (17.0 ± 1.4°C, 44.2 ± 7.0% relative humidity). CISP intervals comprised 10 s rest, 5 s maximal effort cycling, and 105 s active recovery at 50% of the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and were repeated 10 times. All participants performed both trial variations in randomized order. Peak power output of 5-s cycling sprints during the CISP were significantly higher in HII trials than those in CON trials (CON: 813 ± 109 W, HII: 836 ± 118 W, p < 0.05). Oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration, and the rating of perceived exertion at the beginning of the second half after the RW were significantly higher in HII trials than those in CON trials (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the RW with intermittent, high-intensity, short-duration exercise improved subsequent cycling sprint performance in a thermoneutral environment and may represent a new useful RW strategy.
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Validity of the Favero Assioma Duo Power Pedal System for Measuring Power Output and Cadence. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21072277. [PMID: 33805150 PMCID: PMC8037746 DOI: 10.3390/s21072277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cycling power meters enable monitoring external loads and performance changes. We aimed to determine the concurrent validity of the novel Favero Assioma Duo (FAD) pedal power meter compared with the crank-based SRM system (considered as gold standard). Thirty-three well-trained male cyclists were assessed at different power output (PO) levels (100-500 W and all-out 15-s sprints), pedaling cadences (75-100 rpm) and cycling positions (seating and standing) to compare the FAD device vs. SRM. No significant differences were found between devices for cadence nor for PO during all-out efforts (p > 0.05), although significant but small differences were found for efforts at lower PO values (p < 0.05 for 100-500 W, mean bias 3-8 W). A strong agreement was observed between both devices for mean cadence (ICC > 0.87) and PO values (ICC > 0.81) recorded in essentially all conditions and for peak cadence (ICC > 0.98) and peak PO (ICC > 0.99) during all-out efforts. The coefficient of variation for PO values was consistently lower than 3%. In conclusion, the FAD pedal-based power meter can be considered an overall valid system to record PO and cadence during cycling, although it might present a small bias compared with power meters placed on other locations such as SRM.
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Donnan K, Williams EL, Stanger N. The Effects of Heat Exposure During Intermittent Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Performance Among Team Sport Athletes. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 128:439-466. [PMID: 33076764 PMCID: PMC7859587 DOI: 10.1177/0031512520966522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of heat exposure on physical and
cognitive performance during an intermittent exercise protocol so as
to reflect the incremental fatigue experienced during team sports.
Twelve well-trained male team sport players completed an 80-minute
cycling intermittent sprint protocol (CISP), alongside computerized
vigilance and congruent (i.e., simple) and incongruent (i.e., complex)
Stroop tasks of cognitive functioning, in two counterbalanced
temperature conditions; hot (32°C[50%rh]) and control (18°C[50%rh]).
Incongruent Stroop accuracy declined over time
(p = .002), specifically in the second
(Mdiff = –3.75,
SD = 0.90%, p = .009) and
third (Mdiff = –4.58,
SD = 1.22%, p = .019) quarters
compared to the first quarter of the CISP; but there were no
differences between temperature conditions. Congruent Stroop reaction
time (RT) was quicker in the second quarter of exercise in the hot
condition (M = 561.99,
SD = 112.93 ms) compared to the control condition
(M=617.80, SD = 139.71 ms;
p = .022), but no differences were found for
congruent Stroop accuracy nor vigilance measures. Additionally, peak
power output was lower during the third quarter of the CISP in the hot
condition (M = 861.31,
SD = 105.20 W) compared to the control condition
(M = 900.68, SD = 114.84 W;
p < .001). Plasma normetanephrine and
metanephrine concentrations increased from pre- to post-CISP
(Mdiff = +616.90,
SD = 306.99, p < .001; and
Mdiff = +151.23,
SD = 130.32, p = .002,
respectively), with a marginal interaction suggesting a higher
normetanephrine increase from pre- to post-CISP in the hot versus the
control condition (p = .070). Our findings suggest
that accuracy for more complex decisions suffered during prolonged
high-intensity intermittent exercise, perhaps due to exercise-induced
catecholamine increases. Athletes may have also reduced physical
effort under increased heat exposure, indicating how cognitive
performance may be sustained in physically demanding environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Donnan
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Emily L Williams
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Stanger
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Nakamura D, Tanabe Y, Arimitsu T, Hasegawa H, Takahashi H. Low caffeine dose improves intermittent sprint performance in hot and humid environments. J Therm Biol 2020; 93:102698. [PMID: 33077119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
While the effects of caffeine have been evaluated in relation to endurance exercise, few studies have assessed the ergogenic effects of low caffeine doses on intermittent exercise performance in hot and humid environments. Thus, we aimed to determine the effects of low-dose caffeine supplementation on intermittent exercise performance under these conditions. Eight male soccer players (age, 19.9 ± 0.3 years; height, 173.7 ± 6.3 cm; body mass, 65.1 ± 5.5 kg; V˙O2max, 50.0 ± 3.1 mL ⋅ kg-1⋅ min-1) participated in this double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. Caffeine was orally administered at 60 min before exercise (dosage, 3 mg ⋅ kg-1). The participants completed a 90-min intermittent sprint cycling protocol under two conditions (after receiving caffeine and placebo) at 32 °C and at 70% relative humidity. A significant improvement in the total amount of work was observed in the caffeine condition compared to the placebo condition (155.0 ± 15.8 vs 150.8 ± 14.5 kJ, respectively; p < 0.05, d = 0.28). In contrast, the rectal temperature measured at the end of exercise showed no significant difference between the conditions (38.9 ± 0.4 °C and 38.7 ± 0.5 °C in the caffeine and placebo conditions, respectively; p > 0.05, d = 0.57). Other thermal responses, such as the mean skin temperature, heart rate, or sweat volume, were not significantly different between these conditions. These results suggested that a low caffeine dose improved the intermittent sprint performance and the reasons could be explained by the fact that a low caffeine dose ingestion did not affect the thermoregulatory responses compared to the placebo condition and, thus, did not attenuate its ergogenic effect on exercise in hot and humid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nakamura
- Rikkyo research institute of Wellness, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, 171-8501 Tokyo, Japan; Wheathernews Inc., Makuhari Techno Garden, Nakase 1-3 Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, 261-0023, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Yoko Tanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences at University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuma Arimitsu
- Faculty of Health Care, Department of Human Health Hachinohe Gakuin University, 13-98 Oazamihono, Hachinohe, 031-8588, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS), 3-15-1 Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056, Japan
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Yanaoka T, Hamada Y, Fujihira K, Yamamoto R, Iwata R, Miyashita M, Hirose N. High-intensity cycling re-warm up within a very short time-frame increases the subsequent intermittent sprint performance. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 20:1307-1317. [PMID: 31914360 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1713901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of high-intensity cycling re-warm up (RW) within a very short time-frame on the subsequent intermittent sprint performance. Twelve active males completed three trials in random order: control (CON); 3-min RW at 30% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (RW30); and 1-min RW at 90% of VO2max (RW90). During the experimental trials, participants performed 40-min intermittent cycling exercise followed by 15-min rest. During the rest period, participants completed CON, RW30, or RW90. After the rest period, participants performed the Cycling Intermittent-Sprint Protocol (CISP), which consisted of 10-s rest, 5-s maximal sprint, and 105-s active recovery with the cycles repeated over 10 min. The mean work during sprint for the CISP was significantly higher in both RW trials than in the CON trial (mean±standard deviation; CON: 3539±698 J; RW30: 3724±720 J; RW90: 3739±736 J; p<0.05). The mean electromyogram amplitude during the sprint for the CISP was higher in the RW30 trial than in the CON trial; however, there was no significant difference between the two trials (p=0.06). The mean median frequency during sprint for the CISP was significantly higher in the RW90 trial than in the other trials (p<0.05). Rectal temperature did not differ among the three trials. Oxygenated haemoglobin during the initial 30 s of the CISP was significantly higher in the RW90 trial than in the CON trial (p<0.05). Compared with seated rest, RW, irrespective of whether it comprised 1-min at 90% of VO2max or 3-min at 30% of VO2max, increased the subsequent intermittent sprint performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Yanaoka
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.,Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Hamada
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujihira
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Risa Iwata
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Norikazu Hirose
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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Gibson OR, Wrightson JG, Hayes M. Intermittent sprint performance in the heat is not altered by augmenting thermal perception via L-menthol or capsaicin mouth rinses. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:653-664. [PMID: 30580384 PMCID: PMC6394657 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cooling sensations elicited by mouth rinsing with L-menthol have been reported as ergogenic. Presently, responses to L-menthol mouth rinsing during intermittent sprint performance (ISP) in the heat are unknown and the impact of increased thermal perception on ISP via capsaicin has also not been quantified. This experiment aimed to identify whether eliciting cooling/warming sensations via L-menthol/capsaicin would alter ISP in the heat. Method Fourteen participants (mass = 72 ± 9 kg, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot {V}{{\text{O}}_{2{\text{peak}}}}$$\end{document}V˙O2peak = 3.30 ± 0.90 L min−1), undertook four experimental trials, involving 40 min of ISP in hot conditions (40.2 ± 0.6 °C, 42 ± 2% R.H.) with mouth rinsing (25 mL, 6 s) at the protocol onset, and every 10 min thereafter. Cooling (0.01% L-menthol; MEN), warming (0.2% capsaicin; CAP), placebo (0.3 sham-CHO; PLA), and control (water; CON) mouth rinses were utilized. Performance was quantified via power (PP) and work done (WD) during sprints. Heart rate (HR), core (Trec) and skin (Tskin) temperature, perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (Tsens), and comfort (Tcom) were measured at 10 min intervals. Sweat rate (whole-body sweat rate) was calculated from ∆mass. Result PP reduced over time (P < 0.05); however, no change was observed between trials for PP or WD (P > 0.05). Tcom increased over time and was lower in MEN (2.7 ± 1.1; P < 0.05) with no difference between CAP (3.1 ± 1.2), PLA (3.2 ± 1.3) and CON (3.1 ± 1.3). RPE, Tsens HR, Trec, and Tskin increased over time (P < 0.05) with no between trial differences (P > 0.05). Conclusion Despite improved thermal comfort via L-menthol, ISP did not improve. Capsaicin did not alter thermal perception or ISP. The reduction in ISP over time in hot conditions is not influenced by thermal perception. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00421-018-4055-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Gibson
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK. .,Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
| | - J G Wrightson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - M Hayes
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
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Yanaoka T, Hamada Y, Kashiwabara K, Kurata K, Yamamoto R, Miyashita M, Hirose N. Very-Short-Duration, Low-Intensity Half-Time Re-warm up Increases Subsequent Intermittent Sprint Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:3258-3266. [PMID: 30199447 PMCID: PMC6221412 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Yanaoka, T, Hamada, Y, Kashiwabara, K, Kurata, K, Yamamoto, R, Miyashita, M, and Hirose, N. Very-short-duration, low-intensity half-time re-warm up increases subsequent intermittent sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3258-3266, 2018-This study investigated the effect of very-short-duration, low-intensity half-time re-warm up (RW) on subsequent intermittent sprint performance. Using a randomized cross-over design, 11 healthy men performed 3 trials. In the experimental trials, participants performed the first 40-minute intermittent exercise followed by a 15-minute half-time. The interventions at half-time were 15 minutes of seated rest (control), 3 minutes of moderate-intensity RW (cycling at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake [V[Combining Dot Above]O2max]; [60% RW]), and 3 minutes of low-intensity RW (cycling at 30% of V[Combining Dot Above]O2max; [30% RW]). After half-time, participants performed the Cycling Intermittent-Sprint Protocol (CISP), which consisted of 10 seconds of rest, 5 seconds of maximal sprint, and 105 seconds of active recovery at 50% of V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, with the cycles repeated over the 20-minute duration. The mean work and electromyogram amplitude during the sprint in the CISP were higher in both RW trials than in the control trial (p < 0.05). Muscle temperature, estimated from the skin temperature, at 60 minutes was higher in the 60% RW trial than in the control and 30% RW trials (p < 0.05). The mean change in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration during active recovery at 55-65 minutes tended to be higher in both RW trials than in the control trial (60% RW trial: p = 0.06, 30% RW trial: p = 0.06). In conclusion, very-short-duration, low-intensity RW increased intermittent sprint performance after the half-time, in comparison with a traditional passive half-time practice, and was as effective as a moderate-intensity RW when matched for total duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Yanaoka
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Hamada
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kashiwabara
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuran Kurata
- Graduate School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Norikazu Hirose
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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11
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Kons RL, Ache-Dias J, Detanico D, Barth J, Dal Pupo J. Is Vertical Jump Height an Indicator of Athletes' Power Output in Different Sport Modalities? J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:708-715. [PMID: 29466272 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Kons, RL, Ache-Dias, J, Detanico, D, Barth, J, and Dal Pupo, J. Is vertical jump height an indicator of athletes' power output in different sports modalities? J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 708-715, 2018-This study aimed to identify whether the ratio standard is adequate for the scaling of peak power output (PPO) for body mass (BM) in athletes of different sports and to verify classification agreement for athletes involved in different sports using PPO scaled for BM and jump height (JH). One hundred and twenty-four male athletes divided into 3 different groups-combat sports, team sports, and runners-participated in this study. Participants performed the countermovement jump on a force plate. Peak power output and JH were calculated from the vertical ground reaction force. We found different allometric exponents for each modality, allowing the use of the ratio standard for team sports. For combat sports and runners, the ratio standard was not considered adequate, and therefore, a specific allometric exponent for these 2 groups was found. Significant correlations between adjusted PPO for BM (PPOADJ) and JH were found for all modalities, but it was higher for runners (r = 0.81) than team and combat sports (r = 0.63 and 0.65, respectively). Moderate agreement generated by the PPOADJ and JH was verified in team sports (k = 0.47) and running (k = 0.55) and fair agreement in combat sports (k = 0.29). We conclude that the ratio standard seems to be suitable only for team sports; for runners and combat sports, an allometric model seems adequate. The use of JH as an indicator of power output may be considered reasonable only for runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Kons
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Ache-Dias
- Catarinense Federal Institute-IFC, Araquari Campus, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniele Detanico
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Barth
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Juliano Dal Pupo
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Rankin P, Lawlor MJ, Hills FA, Bell PG, Stevenson EJ, Cockburn E. The effect of milk on recovery from repeat-sprint cycling in female team-sport athletes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:113-122. [PMID: 28972854 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of milk following eccentric exercise attenuates the effects of muscle damage in team-sport athletes. However, participation in team sport involves both concentric-eccentric loading and metabolic stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of postexercise milk consumption on recovery from a cycling protocol designed to simulate the metabolic demands of team sport. Ten female team-sport athletes participated in a randomised crossover investigation. Upon completion of the protocol participants consumed 500 mL of milk (MILK) or 500 mL of an energy-matched carbohydrate (CHO) drink. Muscle function (peak torque, rate of force development, countermovement jump, 20-m sprint), muscle soreness and tiredness, serum creatine kinase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and measures of oxidative stress (protein carbonyls and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio) were determined at pre-exercise and 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h postexercise. MILK had a possible beneficial effect in attenuating losses in peak torque (180°/s) from baseline to 24 h (3.2% ± 7.8% vs. -6.2% ± 7.5%, MILK vs. CHO) and a possible beneficial effect in minimising soreness (baseline-48 h; baseline-72 h) and tiredness (baseline-24 h; baseline-72 h). There was no change in oxidative stress following the exercise protocol, though a likely benefit of milk was observed for GSH/GSSG ratio at baseline-24 h (0.369 ×/÷ 1.89, 1.103 ×/÷ 3.96, MILK vs. CHO). MILK had an unclear effect on all other variables. Consumption of 500 mL of milk after repeat sprint cycling had little to no benefit in minimising losses in peak torque or minimising increases in soreness and tiredness and had no effect on serum markers of muscle damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rankin
- a Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow R93 V960, Ireland.,b School of Biomedical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.,c London Institute of Sport, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Michael J Lawlor
- a Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow R93 V960, Ireland
| | - Frank A Hills
- d Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Phillip G Bell
- e GlaxoSimthKline Human Performance Laboratory, Brentford, London TW8 9DA, UK
| | - Emma J Stevenson
- f Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emma Cockburn
- b School of Biomedical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.,c London Institute of Sport, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
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Ache-Dias J, Dal Pupo J, Gheller RG, Külkamp W, Moro ARP. Power Output Prediction From Jump Height and Body Mass Does Not Appropriately Categorize or Rank Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:818-24. [PMID: 26332774 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were (a) to verify the agreement of categorization and ranks based on the actual power output measured by a force plate (PPact) and the estimated power output (PPest) from jump height and body mass (BM), and (b) to verify whether the ratio standard is adequate to scale the PPact for BM. The countermovement jumps of 309 male athletes were analyzed. The athletes were first categorized into tertiles (superior, intermediate, and inferior) according to PPact and PPest. After that the athletes were ranked (highest to lowest power output) according to PPact and PPest. The PPest equation explained 81% of PPact variance (standard error of estimate = 277.4 W). The PPest (3,757.1 ± 579.8 W) displayed similar mean values compared with PPact (3,757.1 ± 642.3 W). However, the agreement between the categories generated by PPact and PPest was only moderate (k = 0.6; p < 0.01), and in the intermediate tertile, the categorization differs 38.8%. The agreement between the ranks analyzed from a Bland-Altman plot shows bias zero, but a wide limits of agreement (81 ranks; 26.2%). For the PPact scaling, the ratio standard may be considered as an adequate method for removing the BM effect, considering the lack of correlation between the scaled PPact (PPact/BM) and BM, and also the confirmation of Tanner's special circumstance. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the athlete's power output was not appropriately categorized or ranked when using PPest. Furthermore, the use of the scaled PPact is recommended to fairly compare athletes with different BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ache-Dias
- 1Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; and 2Center of Health Science and Sports, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Miller P, Robinson AL, Sparks SA, Bridge CA, Bentley DJ, McNaughton LR. The Effects of Novel Ingestion of Sodium Bicarbonate on Repeated Sprint Ability. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:561-8. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Validity and reliability of the look Keo power pedal system for measuring power output during incremental and repeated sprint cycling. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2014; 10:39-45. [PMID: 24896154 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Power meters have traditionally been integrated into the crank set, but several manufacturers have designed new systems located elsewhere on the bike, such as inside the pedals. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Keo power pedals during several laboratory cycling tasks. METHODS Ten active male participants (mean ± SD age 34.0 ± 10.6 y, height 1.77 ± 0.04 m, body mass 76.5 ± 10.7 kg) familiar with laboratory cycling protocols completed this study. Each participant was required to complete 2 laboratory cycling trials on an SRM ergometer (SRM, Germany) that was also fitted with the Keo power pedals (Look, France). The trials consisted of an incremental test to exhaustion followed by 10 min rest and then three 10-s sprint tests separated by 3 min of cycling at 100 W. RESULTS Over power ranges of 75 to 1147 W, the Keo power-pedal system produced typical error values of 0.40, 0.21, and 0.21 for the incremental, sprint, and combined trials, respectively, compared with the SRM. Mean differences of 21.0 and 18.6 W were observed between trials 1 and 2 with the Keo system in the incremental and combined protocols, respectively. In contrast, the SRM produced differences of 1.3 and 0.6 W for the same protocols. CONCLUSIONS The power data from the Keo power pedals should be treated with some caution given the presence of mean differences between them and the SRM. Furthermore, this is exacerbated by poorer reliability than that of the SRM power meter.
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The influence of hot humid and hot dry environments on intermittent-sprint exercise performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2013; 9:387-96. [PMID: 23412624 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2012-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of a hot humid (HH) compared with a hot dry (HD) environment, matched for heat stress, on intermittent-sprint performance. In comparison with HD, HH environments compromise evaporative heat loss and decrease exercise tolerance. It was hypothesized that HH would produce greater physiological strain and reduce intermittent-sprint exercise performance compared with HD. METHOD Eleven male team-sport players completed the cycling intermittent-sprint protocol (CISP) in 3 conditions, temperate (TEMP; 21.2°C ± 1.3°C, 48.6% ± 8.4% relative humidity [rh]), HH (33.7°C ± 0.5°C, 78.2% ± 2.3% rh), and HD (40.2°C ± 0.2°C, 33.1% ± 4.9% rh), with both heat conditions matched for heat stress. RESULTS All participants completed the CISP in TEMP, but 3 failed to completed the full protocol of 20 sprints in HH and HD. Peak power output declined in all conditions (P < .05) but was not different between any condition (sprints 1-14 [N = 11]: HH 1073 ± 150 W, HD 1104 ± 127 W, TEMP, 1074± 134; sprints 15-20 [N = 8]: HH 954 ± 114 W, HD 997 ± 115 W, TEMP 993 ± 94; P > .05). Physiological strain was not significantly different in HH compared with HD, but HH was higher than TEMP (P < .05). CONCLUSION Intermittent-sprint exercise performance of 40 min duration is impaired, but it is not different in HH and HD environments matched for heat stress despite evidence of a trend toward greater physiological strain in an HH environment.
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