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McGinley JJ, Randoing B, Saleem L, Podvin C, Ellis HB, Wilson PL, Ulman S. Lower-Quarter Y-Balance Test Differs by Age: Younger Athletes May Not Be Generalized to High School-Aged Counterparts. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:989-996. [PMID: 39268227 PMCID: PMC11392459 DOI: 10.26603/001c.120898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Given rising youth sport participation, 8 to 10-year-olds increasingly display comparable lower-extremity injury incidence to 11 to 17-year-olds and require effective return to sport criteria. One such criterion which quantifies dynamic stability is the Y-Balance Test (YBT), though it has not been validated in children under age 11. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of 8 to 10-year-old patients on the YBT after lower-extremity injury and determine how these results compare to larger samples of age-grouped athletes within the validated 11 to 17-year-old range. It was hypothesized that 8 to 10-year-olds would display different normalized YBT distances compared to 11 to 17-year-olds. Study Design Cross-sectional Study. Methods Patients (N=1093) aged 8 to 17 who presented to a pediatric sports medicine practice with a lower-extremity injury and completed the YBT between December 2015-May 2021 were included. Anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral YBT scores were collected at return-to-sport for affected and unaffected limbs. Scores were normalized to limb length, and composite scores were created. Between-limb differences were calculated in groups of ages 8-10, 11-12, 13-14, and 15-17. Groups were also evaluated for differences by sex. Results A rise in performance was observed in unaffected limb anterior reach from ages 8 to 10 years to 11 to 12 years followed by a subsequent significant decrease at older ages (p<0.001). Affected limb anterior reach differed between the youngest group and two oldest groups (p=0.004). Anterior and composite difference were significantly different between the oldest three groups (p=0.014 anterior; p=0.024 composite). No differences were observed between sexes in 8 to 10-year-olds, though 11 to 12-year-old females reached further during all eight distances. In the older three groups, males generally displayed greater between-limb differences. Conclusion YBT scores, specifically anterior reach, demonstrated inconsistency by age and sex across a large adolescent cohort. Existing return-to-sport standards should not be used with younger athletes, and individual validation is required. Level of Evidence Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J McGinley
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine Scottish Rite for Children
| | - Ben Randoing
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine Scottish Rite for Children
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University
| | - Laura Saleem
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine Scottish Rite for Children
| | - Caroline Podvin
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine Scottish Rite for Children
| | - Henry B Ellis
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine Scottish Rite for Children
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Philip L Wilson
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine Scottish Rite for Children
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Sophia Ulman
- Center for Excellence in Sports Medicine Scottish Rite for Children
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
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2
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Loose O, Eberhardt O, Wirth T, Fernandez F. [Ligamentous and meniscal injuries of the pediatric knee joint]. ORTHOPADIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 53:557-566. [PMID: 39133302 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-024-04539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Intraligamentous injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus injuries are rare in children and adolescents and often occur as a result of sports injuries. Clinically, they usually present as a hemarthrosis. The diagnosis of choice is the MRI examination. Surgical treatment of intraligamentary ACL injuries using the transphyseal technique is now also the gold standard treatment for children and adolescents, leg axis and length checks are necessary after surgery until growth is complete. Meniscus injuries are also addressed surgically. Postoperative follow-up treatment and rehabilitation are particularly important in order to prevent reinjury. The disc meniscus is a special entity and is also treated surgically if it is symptomatic. Isolated collateral ligament and posterior cruciate ligament ruptures are rarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Loose
- Klinikum Stuttgart, Orthopädische Klinik Olgahospital, Kriegsbergstr. 62, 70174, Stuttgart, Deutschland.
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland.
| | - Oliver Eberhardt
- Klinikum Stuttgart, Orthopädische Klinik Olgahospital, Kriegsbergstr. 62, 70174, Stuttgart, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Klinikum Stuttgart, Orthopädische Klinik Olgahospital, Kriegsbergstr. 62, 70174, Stuttgart, Deutschland
| | - Francisco Fernandez
- Klinikum Stuttgart, Orthopädische Klinik Olgahospital, Kriegsbergstr. 62, 70174, Stuttgart, Deutschland
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3
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Ramos AP, de Mesquita RS, Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Okubo R. FIFA 11+ KIDS in the prevention of soccer injuries in children: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:413. [PMID: 39026353 PMCID: PMC11264619 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "FIFA 11+" is an injury prevention program conceived for soccer athletes aged over 14. The use of FIFA 11+ Kids in soccer was associated with a reduction of the overall risk of injuries in children by 48%, and of 74% for serious injuries. However, to the best of our knowledge, a systematic review of the literature on the effects of FIFA 11+ Kids is still missing. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to ascertain the benefits of the "FIFA 11+ KIDS" program in children who practice soccer. METHODS This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA recommendations and prospectively registered in PROSPERO. The electronic search was conducted in the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Medline via Ovid, EMBASE and SportDiscuss via EBSCO. Database searches were performed in January 2024. This review included studies that evaluated the effects of the "FIFA 11+ KIDS" program. Eligible studies had to describe program implementation and the mean age of the children. RESULTS A total of 11 articles were included in this systematic review from a pool of 8513 articles screened across various databases. These articles involved over 10,000 young participants from 8 countries, primarily aged 7-14 years, with the majority being soccer athletes. Study quality varied, with four categorized as high, four as good, and three as fair quality. Objectives varied across studies, with four focusing on FIFA 11+ Kids' efficacy in injury prevention, five examining its impact on performance and physical abilities, and two assessing its effects on children's focus and attention skills. Notably, injury prevention studies reported around a 50% reduction in overall injuries and nearly 60% in severe injuries, with a dose-response relationship observed with increased weekly sessions. Significant improvements were noted in physical and functional tests such as the Y balance, jump tests, and various soccer skills, along with positive effects on children's focus and attention, as indicated by 13-18% improvements in Attention Scale for Elementary School Children (ASESC) scores. CONCLUSION The FIFA 11+ KIDS injury prevention program appears to be effective in reducing injuries in young football players. This can positively influence player and team overall performance and might support the long-term athlete development of these young athletes. These findings highlight the importance and necessity of injury prevention in young athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Ramos
- Departament of Physiotherapy, University of South of Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Raphael Schmidt de Mesquita
- Physical Therapy Graduate Program, Department of Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Via Lorenz Böhler 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke on Trent, ST4 7QB, England
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, E1 4DG, England
| | - Rodrigo Okubo
- Physical Therapy Graduate Program, Department of Physiotherapy, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Garcia-Carrillo E, Ramirez-Campillo R, Izquierdo M, Elnaggar RK, Afonso J, Peñailillo L, Araneda R, Ebner-Karestinos D, Granacher U. Effects of Therapies Involving Plyometric-Jump Training on Physical Fitness of Youth with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:152. [PMID: 38921846 PMCID: PMC11207881 DOI: 10.3390/sports12060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of plyometric-jump training (PJT) on the physical fitness of youth with cerebral palsy (CP) compared with controls (i.e., standard therapy). The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. Eligibility was assessed using the PICOS approach. Literature searches were conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. Methodological study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Data were meta-analyzed by applying a random-effects model to calculate Hedges' g effect sizes (ES), along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The impact of heterogeneity was assessed (I2 statistic), and the certainty of evidence was determined using the GRADE approach. Eight randomized-controlled studies with low-to-moderate methodological quality were included, involving male (n = 225) and female (n = 138) youth aged 9.5 to 14.6 years. PJT interventions lasted between 8 and 12 weeks with 2-4 weekly sessions. Compared with controls, PJT improved the muscle strength (ES = 0.66 [moderate], 95% CI = 0.36-0.96, p < 0.001, I2 = 5.4%), static (ES = 0.69 [moderate], 95% CI= 0.33-1.04, p < 0.001, I2 = 0.0%) and dynamic balance (ES = 0.85 [moderate], 95% CI = 0.12-1.58, p = 0.023, I2 = 81.6%) of youth with CP. Therefore, PJT improves muscle strength and static and dynamic balance in youth with CP compared with controls. However, more high-quality randomized-controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed to provide a more definitive recommendation regarding the use and safety of PJT to improve measures of physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Exal Garcia-Carrillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile; (E.G.-C.); (R.R.-C.); (L.P.); (R.A.); (D.E.-K.)
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile; (E.G.-C.); (R.R.-C.); (L.P.); (R.A.); (D.E.-K.)
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Ragab K. Elnaggar
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - José Afonso
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Luis Peñailillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile; (E.G.-C.); (R.R.-C.); (L.P.); (R.A.); (D.E.-K.)
| | - Rodrigo Araneda
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile; (E.G.-C.); (R.R.-C.); (L.P.); (R.A.); (D.E.-K.)
| | - Daniela Ebner-Karestinos
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile; (E.G.-C.); (R.R.-C.); (L.P.); (R.A.); (D.E.-K.)
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, 79102 Freiburg, Germany
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Foqha BM, Schwesig R, Ltifi MA, Bartels T, Hermassi S, Aouadi R. A 10-week FIFA 11+ program improves the short-sprint and modified agility T-test performance in elite seven-a-side soccer players. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1236223. [PMID: 38098808 PMCID: PMC10719933 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1236223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess the effects of 10 weeks of FIFA 11+ training on the physical performance of elite seven-a-side soccer players. Methods: Twenty-five seven-a-side soccer players were recruited from two senior national teams. The players completed the following protocols during 10 weeks of training: a) FIFA 11+: The FIFA group (n = 13) underwent the FIFA 11+ program combined with regular soccer training; b) Dynamic conventional warm-up: The control group (n = 12) underwent regular soccer training. Their ability was validated using a pre-test followed by a post-test to measure the sprint performance (5-, 10-, and 20-m sprints), a modified agility T-test (MAT), and a five-jump test (FJT). Results: A comparison of pre- and post-tests for physical performance in each group demonstrated that the FIFA 11+ warm-up significantly improved the 10-m sprinting performance (p = 0.034; F = 5.04; ηp 2 = 0.17) and reduced the time spent to perform the MAT (p = 0.000; F = 23.16; ηp 2 = 0.52) in the FIFA group compared with the control group; however, no significant changes were observed in the 5- and 20-m sprints and FJT. Conclusion: The main findings of this research showed that the 10-week FIFA 11+ program led to significant improvements in the 10-m sprint and MAT compared to regular training among elite seven-a-side soccer players. Given these positive outcomes, further studies on the practical implementation and optimization of the FIFA 11+ program are warranted to provide valuable guidance for coaches and athletes, seeking to maximize its benefits in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Mohammed Foqha
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) “Sport Performance, Health and Society”, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - René Schwesig
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Mohamed Amine Ltifi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) “Sport Performance, Health and Society”, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Bartels
- Center of Joint Surgery, MVZ Sports Clinic Halle GmbH, Halle, Germany
| | - Souhail Hermassi
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ridha Aouadi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) “Sport Performance, Health and Society”, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
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Williams MD, Hammond A, Moran J. Beyond athletic development: The effects of parkour-based versus conventional neuromuscular exercises in pre-adolescent basketball players. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288439. [PMID: 37437087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a parkour-based warm-up to a conventional neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up on the athletic capabilities of youth basketball players. This was examined through two arms: In Investigation 1, the aims were to measure the effects of the two warm-ups on physical measures of athletic performance in prepubescent basketball players. Using post-intervention semi-structured interviews, Investigation 2 aimed to gain insights from the players in relation to the perceived benefits of the two warm-ups. Pre-adolescent children were recruited from two youth level basketball teams. Participants from one club were randomly assigned to either a conventional NMT warm-up group or a parkour warm-up group, while a control group was formed of participants from the second club. Participants of both experimental groups were required to complete a 15-minute warm-up once per week before their regular basketball practice across 8-weeks. For both groups, the coach adopted the same pedagogical approach, utilising a guided discovery strategy. Pre-post test measures of overhead squat performance, countermovement jump, and 10-metre sprint speed were recorded in all three groups. Additionally, pre-post measures were recorded for a timed parkour-based obstacle course for the two experimental groups. No significant between-group differences were found between pre- and post-test measures. However, analysis using Cohen's d effect sizes revealed improvements in both intervention groups versus the control. Moreover, between group effect size differences were observed between the two experimental groups. Following the intervention, participants from both experimental groups were also invited to take part in a post-intervention semi-structured interview to discuss their experiences. The thematic analysis of these semi-structured interviews revealed three higher order themes: Enjoyment; Physical literacy; and Docility; of which the two former themes appear to align to constructs relating to the wider concept of physical literacy. In summary, warm-ups designed to improve athleticism can include less structured and more diverse movement skills than are typical of conventional NMT warm-ups. Specifically, we provide evidence that advocates for warm ups that include parkour-related activities alongside conventional NMT exercises to preserve physical fitness qualities and to simultaneously evoke a sense of enjoyment, fun, and purpose. The benefit of such activities may extend beyond athletic development and, more broadly, contribute to the development of physical literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark David Williams
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
- Department of Sport, Health and Wellbeing, Writtle University College, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
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Jimenez-Garcia JA, Miller MB, DeMont RG. Effects of Multicomponent Injury Prevention Programs on Children and Adolescents' Fundamental Movement Skills: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:705-719. [PMID: 36527377 PMCID: PMC10580683 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221146434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are essential to participate in physical activity. Understanding the effects of multicomponent injury prevention programs (MIPP) on FMS may help promote safe physical activity. Our objective was to synthesize the evidence on the effects of MIPP on biomechanical outcomes and neuromuscular performance measured on children and adolescents while performing FMS. DATA SOURCE We searched PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA We included peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials, published in English, that analyzed the effects of MIPP on biomechanics and neuromuscular performance of FMS in participants under 18 years of age. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers screened the articles, assessed the quality of the evidence using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and synthesized the data. DATA SYNTHESIS We conducted meta-analyses and reported the characteristics, outcomes, and risk of bias of studies. RESULTS We included 27 articles that reported data from 1,427 participants. Positive effects on FMS were reported in 23 of the 27 included articles. Vertical Jump, running speed, acceleration, and dynamic balance presented positive-significant pooled effect sizes. Dribbling and horizontal jump presented non-significant pooled effect sizes. CONCLUSION MIPP can positively affect FMS in children and adolescents in sports-related settings. Lack of participant compliance and implementation fidelity may affect MIPP effectiveness. Including MIPP in physical literacy interventions, physical education classes, and organized physical activity may lead to functional adaptations that help promote safe physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Jimenez-Garcia
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew B. Miller
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Richard G. DeMont
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Molinaro L, Taborri J, Pauletto D, Guerra V, Molinaro D, Sicari G, Regina A, Guerra E, Rossi S. Measuring the Immediate Effects of High-Intensity Functional Training on Motor, Cognitive and Physiological Parameters in Well-Trained Adults. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3937. [PMID: 37112276 PMCID: PMC10142119 DOI: 10.3390/s23083937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The importance of physical activity has been widely demonstrated both in clinics and in sports. One of the new frontier training programs is high-intensity functional training (HIFT). The immediate effects of HIFT on the psychomotor and cognitive performance of well-trained people are still not clear. This paper aims to evaluate the immediate effects induced by HIFT on blood lactate levels, physical performance in terms of body stability and jump ability, and cognitive performance in terms of reaction time. Nineteen well-trained participants were enrolled in the experimental studies and asked to execute six repetitions of a circuit training. Data were gathered both in a pre-training session and after each one of the circuit repetitions. An immediate significant increase with respect to the baseline was observed during the first repetition, with a further increase after the third one. No effects on jump ability were found, whereas a deterioration in body stability was found. Positive immediate effects on cognitive performance in terms of accuracy and speed in task execution were assessed. The findings can be exploited by trainers during coaching to optimize the design of training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Molinaro
- Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIM), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Juri Taborri
- Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIM), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Rossi
- Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIM), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
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Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on the Reactive Strength Index in Healthy Individuals Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:1029-1053. [PMID: 36906633 PMCID: PMC10115703 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reactive strength index (RSI) is meaningfully associated with independent markers of athletic (e.g., linear sprint speed) and neuromuscular performance [e.g., stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)]. Plyometric jump training (PJT) is particularly suitable to improve the RSI due to exercises performed in the SSC. However, no literature review has attempted to meta-analyse the large number of studies regarding the potential effects of PJT on the RSI in healthy individuals across the lifespan. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to examine the effects of PJT on the RSI of healthy individuals across the lifespan compared with active/specific-active controls. METHODS Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched up to May 2022. According to the PICOS approach, the eligibility criteria were: (1) healthy participants, (2) PJT interventions of ≥ 3 weeks, (3) active (e.g., athletes involved in standard training) and specific-active (e.g., individuals using heavy resistance training) control group(s), (4) a measure of jump-based RSI pre-post training, and (5) controlled studies with multi-groups in randomised and non-randomised designs. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the risk of bias. The random-effects model was used to compute the meta-analyses, reporting Hedges' g effect sizes (ES) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Subgroup analyses were performed (chronological age; PJT duration, frequency, number of sessions, total number of jumps; randomization). A meta-regression was conducted to verify if PJT frequency, duration, and total number of sessions predicted the effects of PJT on the RSI. Certainty or confidence in the body of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Potential adverse health effects derived from PJT were researched and reported. RESULTS Sixty-one articles were meta-analysed, with a median PEDro score of 6.0, a low risk of bias and good methodological quality, comprising 2576 participants with an age range of 8.1-73.1 years (males, ~ 78%; aged under 18 years, ~ 60%); 42 studies included participants with a sport background (e.g., soccer, runners). The PJT duration ranged from 4 to 96 weeks, with one to three weekly exercise sessions. The RSI testing protocols involved the use of contact mats (n = 42) and force platforms (n = 19). Most studies reported RSI as mm/ms (n = 25 studies) from drop jump analysis (n = 47 studies). In general, PJT groups improved RSI compared to controls: ES = 0.54, 95% CI 0.46-0.62, p < 0.001. Training-induced RSI changes were greater (p = 0.023) for adults [i.e., age ≥ 18 years (group mean)] compared with youth. PJT was more effective with a duration of > 7 weeks versus ≤ 7 weeks, > 14 total PJT sessions versus ≤ 14 sessions, and three weekly sessions versus < three sessions (p = 0.027-0.060). Similar RSI improvements were noted after ≤ 1080 versus > 1080 total jumps, and for non-randomised versus randomised studies. Heterogeneity (I2) was low (0.0-22.2%) in nine analyses and moderate in three analyses (29.1-58.1%). According to the meta-regression, none of the analysed training variables explained the effects of PJT on RSI (p = 0.714-0.984, R2 = 0.0). The certainty of the evidence was moderate for the main analysis, and low-to-moderate across the moderator analyses. Most studies did not report soreness, pain, injury or related adverse effects related to PJT. CONCLUSIONS The effects of PJT on the RSI were greater compared with active/specific-active controls, including traditional sport-specific training as well as alternative training interventions (e.g., high-load slow-speed resistance training). This conclusion is derived from 61 articles with low risk of bias (good methodological quality), low heterogeneity, and moderate certainty of evidence, comprising 2576 participants. PJT-related improvements on RSI were greater for adults versus youths, after > 7 training weeks versus ≤ 7 weeks, with > 14 total PJT versus ≤ 14 sessions, and with three versus < three weekly sessions.
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Zilles G, Grim C, Wegener F, Engelhardt M, Hotfiel T, Hoppe MW. [Groin pain in sports games: a systematic review]. SPORTVERLETZUNG SPORTSCHADEN : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT FUR ORTHOPADISCH-TRAUMATOLOGISCHE SPORTMEDIZIN 2023; 37:18-36. [PMID: 36878218 DOI: 10.1055/a-1912-4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sports games, epidemiological data show that groin pain is relatively common and can lead to repeated loss of time. Consequently, it is essential to be aware of the evidence-based prevention strategies. The aim of this systematic review was to examine risk factors and prevention strategies for groin pain and to rank them based on their evidence in sports games. METHODS The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, using a PICO-scheme in the PubMed, Web of Science and SPOLIT databases. We included all available intervention and observational studies on the influence of risk factors and prevention strategies on groin pain in sports games. The methodological quality and level of evidence was assessed using the PEDro-Scale and OCEBM model, respectively. Finally, the quantity, quality and level of evidence was used to rank each risk factor for its grade. RESULTS Moderate evidence was found for four risk factors that significantly influence the risk of groin pain: male sex, previous groin pain, hip adductor strength and not participating in the FIFA 11+ Kids. Moreover, moderate evidence was found for the following non-significant risk factors: older age, body height and weight, higher BMI, body fat percentage, playing position, leg dominance, training exposure, reduced hip abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, and internal rotation-ROM, hip flexor strength, hip abductor, adductor, flexor and core strengthening with balance exercises, clinical hip mobility tests and physical capacities. CONCLUSION The identified risk factors can be considered when developing prevention strategies to reduce the risk of groin pain in sports games. Thereby, not only the significant, but also the non-significant risk factors should be considered for prioritisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zilles
- Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY
| | - Casper Grim
- Osnabrücker Zentrum für Muskuloskelettale Chirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GERMANY
| | - Florian Wegener
- Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY
| | - Martin Engelhardt
- Osnabrücker Zentrum für Muskuloskelettale Chirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GERMANY
| | - Thilo Hotfiel
- Osnabrücker Zentrum für Muskuloskelettale Chirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GERMANY
| | - Matthias Wilhelm Hoppe
- Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaft, Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, GERMANY
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11
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Heering T, Lander N, Barnett LM, Duncan MJ. What is needed to reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in children? - Hearing from experts. Phys Ther Sport 2023. [PMID: 36863189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are an emerging health problem in children. Acknowledging considerable gaps in knowledge, the aim of this study was to examine the current knowledge on childhood ACL injury, and to explore risk assessment and reduction strategies, with experts in the research community. DESIGN Qualitative study; semi-structured expert interviews. METHODS Interviews with seven international, multidisciplinary academic experts were conducted from February until June 2022. A thematic analysis approach organized verbatim quotes into themes using Nvivo Software. RESULTS Gaps in knowledge on the actual injury mechanism, and influence of physical activity behaviours, constrain targeted risk assessment and reduction strategies in childhood ACL injuries. Strategies to examine and reduce the risk of ACL injury included: examining an athletes' whole-body performance, moving from constraint (e.g., squat) to less constraint (e.g., single-leg) tasks, making assessments into children's context, building a movement repertoire at young age, performing risk reduction programs, multiple sports, and prioritising rest. CONCLUSION Research is urgently warranted on the actual injury mechanism, reasons for ACL injuries in children, and potential risk factors to update risk assessment and reduction strategies. Further, educating stakeholders on risk reduction strategies could be essential to address the increasing occurrence of childhood ACL injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Heering
- Coventry University, Centre of Sport, Exercise and Life Science, Coventry, UK; Deakin University, School of Health and Social Development, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Deakin University, Institute for Health Transformation, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Natalie Lander
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Australia
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Deakin University, School of Health and Social Development, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Deakin University, Institute for Health Transformation, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Australia
| | - Michael J Duncan
- Coventry University, Centre of Sport, Exercise and Life Science, Coventry, UK
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12
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Franchina M, Turati M, Tercier S, Kwiatkowski B. FIFA 11+ Kids: Challenges in implementing a prevention program. J Child Orthop 2023; 17:22-27. [PMID: 36755560 PMCID: PMC9900015 DOI: 10.1177/18632521221149057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Soccer is a popular sport among children and adolescents that exposes to a high risk of injury. Several prevention programs, including the FIFA 11+ Kids program have been developed to decrease this injury rate. The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge and use of the FIFA 11+ Kids program among soccer coaches of skeletally immature soccer players in a Swiss canton and analyze difficulties of implementing such a prevention program. Materials & methods First, an online survey was sent to all soccer coaches involved in Swiss training programs for male players from 7 to 13 years of age. Coaches were identified through existing Swiss coaching networks. A total of 237 coaches completed the survey. Second, the FIFA 11+ Kids program was implemented in three soccer teams (players from 7 to 13 years of age) during 6 months in the same canton. Utilization of FIFA 11+ Kids program and compliance of coaches were recorded by the research staff. Results Around 84% of the included coaches in the survey were certified. Of those, 59% had been taught injury prevention during their course(s). Only 14% of the included coaches knew one of the FIFA programs (11, 11+, 11+ Kids), of those, about one-third (10 out of 237) used the FIFA 11+ Kids program. After 6 months, none of the soccer coaches applied the entire FIFA 11+ Kids program twice a week. One coach had completely abandoned the program. The main reasons for their disapproval were the time and surveillance needed and the players' lack of motivation. They stated, however, that the exercises were good if used occasionally. Conclusion Injury prevention should be integrated in every soccer coach education courses. An adaptation of the FIFA 11+ Kids program should be considered, especially for the youngest players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Turati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Orthopedic Department, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- Transalpine Center of Pediatric Sports Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Couple Enfant, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Tercier
- SportAdo Centre, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pediatric Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Unit, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Kwiatkowski
- Pediatric Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Unit, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Ramirez-Campillo R, García-Hermoso A, Moran J, Chaabene H, Negra Y, Scanlan AT. The effects of plyometric jump training on physical fitness attributes in basketball players: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:656-670. [PMID: 33359798 PMCID: PMC9729929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of experimental evidence examining the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on physical fitness attributes in basketball players; however, this evidence has not yet been comprehensively and systematically aggregated. Therefore, our objective was to meta-analyze the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes in basketball players, in comparison to a control condition. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, up to July 2020. Peer-reviewed controlled trials with baseline and follow-up measurements investigating the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes (muscle power, i.e., jumping performance, linear sprint speed, change-of-direction speed, balance, and muscle strength) in basketball players, with no restrictions on their playing level, sex, or age. Hedge's g effect sizes (ES) were calculated for physical fitness variables. Using a random-effects model, potential sources of heterogeneity were selected, including subgroup analyses (age, sex, body mass, and height) and single training factor analysis (program duration, training frequency, and total number of training sessions). Computation of meta-regression was also performed. RESULTS Thirty-two studies were included, involving 818 total basketball players. Significant (p < 0.05) small-to-large effects of PJT were evident on vertical jump power (ES = 0.45), countermovement jump height with (ES = 1.24) and without arm swing (ES = 0.88), squat jump height (ES = 0.80), drop jump height (ES = 0.53), horizontal jump distance (ES = 0.65), linear sprint time across distances ≤10 m (ES = 1.67) and >10 m (ES = 0.92), change-of-direction performance time across distances ≤40 m (ES = 1.15) and >40 m (ES = 1.02), dynamic (ES = 1.16) and static balance (ES = 1.48), and maximal strength (ES = 0.57). The meta-regression revealed that training duration, training frequency, and total number of sessions completed did not predict the effects of PJT on physical fitness attributes. Subgroup analysis indicated greater improvements in older compared to younger players in horizontal jump distance (>17.15 years, ES = 2.11; ≤17.15 years, ES = 0.10; p < 0.001), linear sprint time >10 m (>16.3 years, ES = 1.83; ≤16.3 years, ES = 0.36; p = 0.010), and change-of-direction performance time ≤40 m (>16.3 years, ES = 1.65; ≤16.3 years, ES = 0.75; p = 0.005). Greater increases in horizontal jump distance were apparent with >2 compared with ≤2 weekly PJT sessions (ES = 2.12 and ES = 0.39, respectively; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Data from 32 studies (28 of which demonstrate moderate-to-high methodological quality) indicate PJT improves muscle power, linear sprint speed, change-of-direction speed, balance, and muscle strength in basketball players independent of sex, age, or PJT program variables. However, the beneficial effects of PJT as measured by horizontal jump distance, linear sprint time >10 m, and change-of-direction performance time ≤40 m, appear to be more evident among older basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain; Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14469, Germany; High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Kef, University of Jendouba, La Manouba 8189, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Negra
- Research Unit (UR 17JS01, Sport Performance, Health & Society), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of "La Manouba", Rockhampton 2037, Tunisia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, QLD 4702, Australia
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14
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Yang J, Wang Y, Chen J, Yang J, Li N, Wang C, Liao Y. Effects of the "FIFA11+ Kids" Program on Injury Prevention in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12044. [PMID: 36231344 PMCID: PMC9566496 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
FIFA11+ Kids is a warm-up program specially designed to prevent football injuries in children. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of FIFA11+ Kids on injury prevention in young football players. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from 1 January 2016 to 24 August 2022. The primary outcome was overall injuries, and the secondary outcomes were severe, ankle, knee, and lower extremity injuries. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated for each outcome. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A total of 230 articles were screened, 6 of which were finally included in the meta-analysis. Compared with normal warm-up training, FIFA11+ Kids significantly reduced overall injury risk (RR = 0.52 [95% CI, 0.44-0.62]; p < 0.00001), severe injury risk (RR = 0.33 [95% CI, 0.18-0.61]; p = 0.0004), lower extremity injury risk (RR = 0.51 [95% CI, 0.41-0.65]; p < 0.00001), knee injury risk (RR = 0.45 [95% CI, 0.29-0.72]; p = 0.0009), and ankle injury risk (RR = 0.56 [95% CI, 0.35-0.89]; p = 0.01) in young football players. FIFA11+ Kids was found to be an effective approach to decrease the injury risk among young football players, which is worth generalizing extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinqi Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanpeng Liao
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
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15
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Al Attar WSA, Bizzini M, Alzahrani H, Alarifi S, Ghulam H, Alyami M, Alzhrani M, Sanders RH. The FIFA 11+ Kids Injury Prevention Program Reduces Injury Rates Among Male Children Soccer Players: A Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial. Sports Health 2022; 15:397-409. [PMID: 35903029 PMCID: PMC10170224 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221109224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ Kids is an exercise-based injury prevention program developed by an international group of experts to prevent injuries among child soccer players. HYPOTHESIS It was hypothesized that the FIFA 11+ Kids program would be more effective than performing a typical warm-up regimen in reducing overall injuries among soccer players aged 7 to 13 years. STUDY DESIGN A clustered randomized controlled trial. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1. METHODS A total of 94 boys' soccer teams, including 780 players, were randomly allocated into an experimental or control group. Complete datasets were collected from 45 teams (377 players) and 43 teams (363 players) in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group underwent the FIFA 11+ Kids program as a warm-up during training sessions and matches at least twice a week, and the control group continued performing their usual warm-ups. Participants were prospectively followed during 1 season (6 months). The primary outcomes included the incidence of overall and recurrent injuries and their mechanism and severity. The secondary outcome was the rate of compliance with the intervention program. RESULTS A total of 43 injuries were reported in the experimental group in 50,120 hours of exposure (0.85 injuries/1000 exposure hours). A total of 86 injuries were reported in the control group in 42,616 hours of exposure (2.01 injuries/1000 exposure hours). The injury risk ratio was 0.43 (0.29-0.61), suggesting that the experimental group experienced 57% fewer injuries than those in the control group. CONCLUSION The FIFA 11+ Kids program reduced overall injury rates in children playing soccer more than the usual warm-ups. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this study provide evidence for children's coaches to consider including the FIFA 11+ Kids program in their warm-up regimen. Such a program may prevent injury risk and decrease absenteeism and injury-related financial burdens.
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16
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Kolokythas N, Metsios GS, Galloway SM, Allen N, Wyon MA. Neuromuscular Training in Pre-Professional Ballet Dancers: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial. J Dance Med Sci 2022; 26:181-190. [PMID: 35697491 DOI: 10.12678/1089-313x.091522e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well documented that there is high prevalence of injuries in pre-professional and professional ballet dancers. Current evidence from high in quality and quantity research on injury prevention in sport indicates that interventions can reduce injury risks by 30% to 50%. Injury prevention research in dance is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility (adherence, fidelity, and practicality) of a randomized controlled trial for the utilization of neuromuscular training in pre-professional ballet dancers. METHODS A convenience sample of 22 pre-professional ballet dancers were randomized into an intervention and control group. The intervention group took part in a neuromuscular-based training workout, five times per week before the ballet class, for 10 weeks. The intervention was an adaptation of the FIFA 11+, an injury prevention intervention and is called 11+ Dance. The intervention consisted of low intensity bodyweight exercises that lasted 20 to 30 minutes performed daily. RESULTS Intervention adherence was 38% ± 8%, with higher participation at the beginning of the study. Attendance for post-testing was low 45% and 36% for the intervention and control group, respectively, mainly due to injury. There were no adverse effects reported, however, the participants reported delayed onset muscle soreness at the beginning of the intervention, indicating that there may be a potential training effect. Fear of muscle hypertrophy and fatigue were also reported as reasons for attrition. The repeated measures ANOVA revealed statistically non-significant differences for the countermovement jump F(1, 9) = 0.36, p = 0.564, 𝜂2p = 0.04; reactive strength index F(1, 7) = 0.02, p = 0.885, 𝜂2p = 0.003; and the isometric mid-thigh pull F(1, 12) = 0.002, p = 0.967, 𝜂2p = 0.000. CONCLUSION The results of the study, together with the feedback from the participants, suggest that some protocol modifications are necessary for the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial in a pre-professional setting. The current trial has produced valuable information for the intervention frequency and load prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Kolokythas
- Elmhurst Ballet School, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - George S Metsios
- Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun M Galloway
- Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Allen
- National Institute of Dance Medicine and Science, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Royal Ballet, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Wyon
- National Institute of Dance Medicine and Science, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.,Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
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17
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Evaluation of the Quality of Football Teaching in Colleges and Universities Based on Artificial Neural Networks. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:8001252. [PMID: 35669641 PMCID: PMC9166992 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Every country is developing under the concept of artificial intelligence. Many countries are already working on student monitoring systems that allow them to control the student's mentality and analyze each student's behavior with the help of a wireless headband. There is certain high-tech education within the country in a maximum number of schools, which can be considered robotic monetization. With the help of tiny robots inside the classrooms, each student's activeness and engagement level in the classes are captured and submitted to the teacher. All these practical applications help us imagine that there will be a massive response to artificial intelligence in the future of this world. On the other hand, sports management is a critical issue to consider for the country's growth. This research evaluates the quality of football teaching by implementing an Artificial Neural Network model for online mode of education. The proposed model functions with the implementation of Association Rule Mining (ARM) in the intelligent system to monitor the activities of the player by training with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The proposed model is compared with the existing K-Mean algorithm, and it is observed that the proposed model has achieved an accurate evaluation of 99.6%.
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18
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Leppänen M, Uotila A, Tokola K, Forsman-Lampinen H, Kujala UM, Parkkari J, Kannus P, Pasanen K, Vasankari T. Players with high physical fitness are at greater risk of injury in youth football. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1625-1638. [PMID: 35621388 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate physical fitness, football-specific skills, and their association with injury risk in youth football. Altogether 447 male and female players aged 9-14 years (median 12 years) participated in performance tests and prospective follow-up. The physical fitness tests included five-jump test for distance, 30-m sprint, football-specific figure of eight agility, countermovement jump, and Yo-Yo intermittent endurance test level 1. The football-specific skill tests included dribbling and passing tests. Injuries and exposure were registered during the 20-week follow-up. Our candidate risk factors were low/high level of physical fitness measured with a composite score of physical fitness tests and low/high level of football-specific skills measured with a composite score of dribbling and passing tests. Secondarily, we investigated performance in individual tests and their association with injury risk. During the follow-up, players reported 565 injuries (264 acute and 301 overuse injuries). High level of physical fitness was associated with increased rate of all injuries (age-, sex-, and mean team exposure-adjusted IRR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04-1.58). The level of football-specific skills had no influence on the overall injury rate. Burden of overuse injuries, but not acute injuries was significantly higher in most fit players compared with the players in the reference group (IRR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.04-4.24). In conclusion, most fit players were at greater risk of sustaining injuries in youth competitive football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Leppänen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland.,Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aliisa Uotila
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pekka Kannus
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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19
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[Management status of anterior cruciate ligament injury in children and adolescents]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2022; 36:495-499. [PMID: 35426291 PMCID: PMC9011077 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202112006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the current management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in children and adolescents, in order to provide reference for the management of ACL injury in children and adolescents. METHODS The relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years was extensively accessed to summarize the management status of ACL injury in children and adolescent. RESULTS The number of ACL injury in children and adolescents is increasing every year. The diagnosis of ACL mainly depends on symptoms and signs. Rehabilitation, physeal-sparing techniques, partial transphyseal techniques, all-epiphyseal techniques, and transphyseal techniques are used to treat ACL injury in children and adolescents. CONCLUSION Dynamic monitoring of knee joint in children and adolescents should be strengthened. The best treatment for ACL injury in children and adolescents is selected according to the patients' actual age, bone age, Tanner stage, and physiological conditions such as menstruation, body growth speed, and other characteristics.
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20
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Takei S, Torii S, Taketomi S, Iwanuma S, Tojima M, Otomo M, Iizuka S, Tanaka S. Is Increased Kicking Leg Iliopsoas Muscle Tightness a Predictive Factor for Developing Spondylolysis in Adolescent Male Soccer Players? Clin J Sport Med 2022; 32:e165-e171. [PMID: 33844489 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify predictive risk factors of lumbar stress (LS) fracture developing from an asymptomatic stress reaction of the pedicle among adolescent male soccer players. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Amateur Japanese adolescent male soccer team. PARTICIPANTS Japanese adolescent male soccer players (n = 195) aged 12 to 13 years. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Height, body weight, body mass index, muscle tightness of both lower extremities (iliopsoas, hamstrings, and quadriceps), lumbar bone mineral content, developmental age, and lumbar lordosis angle were measured as baseline measurements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES DEPENDENT VARIABLE Players who were diagnosed with an asymptomatic stress reaction of the lumbar spine pedicle at baseline were followed; extension-based lumbar pain was defined 1 year after the baseline. The players were assigned to the LS fracture or control (CON) group at follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, 40 boys were diagnosed with an asymptomatic stress reaction of the lumbar spine pedicle. The difference in muscle tightness between the kicking leg and supporting leg was significantly different (P = 0.012) between the LS (n = 16) and CON (n = 22) groups. Increase in iliopsoas muscle tightness in the kicking leg was a predictive risk factor of developing extension-based lumbar pain after adjusting for developmental age and body mass index (odds ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.27). CONCLUSIONS Development of extension-based lumbar pain from an asymptomatic stress reaction of the pedicle among adolescent male soccer players was associated with increased iliopsoas muscle tightness of the kicking leg relative to that of the supporting leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seira Takei
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Suguru Torii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuji Taketomi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Iwanuma
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Faculty of Education and Human Sciences, Department of School Education, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Tojima
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- School of Human and Social Sciences, Tokyo International University, Saitama, Japan ; and
| | - Mana Otomo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Japan Institute of Sport Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iizuka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Japan Institute of Sport Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Li Y, Liu X, Luo X, Guo C. Effect of Tai Chi combined with Kinesio taping on posture control of football players with FAI: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:162. [PMID: 35183232 PMCID: PMC8858540 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional ankle instability (FAI) of college football players is an important risk factor affecting their training and competition. Physical therapy and appropriate sports intervention can improve the stability of FAI patients. Previous studies have shown that Tai Chi (TC) and Kinesio taping (KT) can improve the posture control ability of FAI patients. However, whether Tai Chi combined with Kinesio taping effect patch can be used as an effective exercise for rehabilitation of college football players with FAI is not yet proven. Methods/design Fifty-three FAI college football players were randomly assigned to 3 groups: TC+KT (n = 20); TC+KTp (placebo Kinesio taping, KTp, placebo) (n = 17), and KT (n = 16). The TC+KT group received TC and KT functional correction technical intervention, the TC+KTp group received TC and placebo KT technical intervention, and the KT group received KT functional correction technical intervention. Each of the three groups received 30 min each time, 3 times a week, for a total of 6 weeks of intervention training. Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and UniPedal Stance Test (UST) at baseline (before), 4 weeks after intervention (middle), and 6 weeks after intervention (after) and Toe Touch Test (TTT) were evaluated. Discussion For the first time in this trial, the impact will be evaluated. If the results are the same as expected, they will provide evidence that Tai Chi combined with Kinesio taping sticking intervention can promote the posture control of college football players with FAI. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900027253. Registered on 6 November 2019. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06083-5.
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22
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Veith S, Whalan M, Williams S, Colyer S, Sampson JA. Part 2 of the 11+ as an effective home-based exercise programme in elite academy football (soccer) players: a one-club matched-paired randomised controlled trial. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2022; 5:339-346. [PMID: 35077306 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1874616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background:Although the 11+ is known to reduce injuries and improve performance in adolescent footballers, its duration presents a notable barrier to implementation. Hence, this study investigated injury and performance outcomes when 65 elite male academy footballers either performed Part 2 3x/week at training (TG) or at home (HG).Methods:Time to stabilisation (TTS), eccentric hamstring strength (EH-S) and countermovement jump height (CMJ-H) were collected 4 times during the 2019 football season. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate main and interaction effects of group and time. Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to account for multiple comparisons. Differences in time loss and medical attention injuries were determined using a two-tailed Z test for a comparison of rates.Results:Relative to baseline, EH-S (HG 4.3 kg, 95% CI 3 to 5.7, p < 0.001; TG 5.5 kg, 95% CI 4.3 to 6.6, p < 0.001) and CMJ-H (HG 3.5 cm, 95% CI 2.2 to 4.7, p < 0.001; TG 3.2 cm, 95% CI 2.2 to 4.3, p < 0.001) increased, with no difference between groups observed at the end of the season. All injury outcomes were similar.Conclusion: Rescheduling Part 2 did not affect performance or increased injury risks in academy footballers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Veith
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Physiology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Medical Department, Sydney Football Club, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Whalan
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Physiology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,NSW Football Medicine Association, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - John A Sampson
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Physiology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,NSW Football Medicine Association, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Arundale AJH, Silvers-Granelli HJ, Myklebust G. ACL injury prevention: Where have we come from and where are we going? J Orthop Res 2022; 40:43-54. [PMID: 33913532 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common and severe knee injuries across sports. As such, ACL injury prevention has been a focus of research and sports medicine practice for the past three-plus decades. Examining the current research and identifying both clinical strategies and research gaps, the aim of this review is to empower clinicians and researchers with knowledge of where the ACL injury prevention literature is currently and where it is going in the future. This paper examines the mechanism of ACL injury prevention, screening, implementation, compliance, adherence, coronavirus, and areas of future research. Clinical significance: The time lag between research and practical implementation in general healthcare settings can be as long as 17 years; however, athletes playing sports today are unable to wait that long. With effective programs already established, implementation and adherence to these programs is essential. Strategies such as coaching education, increasing awareness of free programs, identifying barriers, and overcoming implementation obstacles through creative collaboration are just a few ways that could help improve both ACL injury prevention implementation and adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J H Arundale
- Department of Rehabilitation, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA.,Red Bull Athlete Performance Center, Red Bull GmBH, Thalgua, Austria
| | - Holly J Silvers-Granelli
- Velocity Physical Therapy, Santa Monica, California, USA.,Major League Soccer, Medical Research Committee, New York, New York, USA
| | - Grethe Myklebust
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Grygorowicz M, Wiernicka M, Wiernicka M. Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness of Injury Prevention Interventions in Soccer-Evidence Why Health Agencies Should Address It. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11901. [PMID: 34831654 PMCID: PMC8624619 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soccer injuries are a recognized problem worldwide. Several injury prevention programs have been confirmed to reduce the number of injuries in female and male players. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data about their cost, burden, and benefit for the health care system. In this paper we aim to systematically review the literature and critically evaluate the economic quality of injury prevention interventions implemented across different populations of soccer players. Web of Science, Medline, SPORTDiscus, Ovid, and other databases were searched from January 2011 through July 2021. Research articles were only selected for analysis if they focused on the cost-effectiveness of injury prevention, were experimental papers written in English, and were published following the peer-review process. Three cluster RCT and one retrospective study met the criteria. Cost data on incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were extracted. The included studies had a good/average quality of economic evaluation. Based on ICERs, injury prevention interventions were cost-effective in three out of the three comparisons. One study did not report the ICER value. However, since economic analyses were reported with varying methodological approaches and results, more data are required to recognize the cost-effectiveness of soccer-specific injury prevention interventions and their benefit for the health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Grygorowicz
- Department of Physiotherapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Rehasport Clinic FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Sports Science Research Group, 60-201 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Wiernicka
- Department of Kinesiotherapy Developmental Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland;
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25
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Ramachandran AK, Singh U, Ramirez-Campillo R, Clemente FM, Afonso J, Granacher U. Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Balance Performance in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:730945. [PMID: 34744772 PMCID: PMC8564501 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postural balance represents a fundamental movement skill for the successful performance of everyday and sport-related activities. There is ample evidence on the effectiveness of balance training on balance performance in athletic and non-athletic population. However, less is known on potential transfer effects of other training types, such as plyometric jump training (PJT) on measures of balance. Given that PJT is a highly dynamic exercise mode with various forms of jump-landing tasks, high levels of postural control are needed to successfully perform PJT exercises. Accordingly, PJT has the potential to not only improve measures of muscle strength and power but also balance. Objective: To systematically review and synthetize evidence from randomized and non-randomized controlled trials regarding the effects of PJT on measures of balance in apparently healthy participants. Methods: Systematic literature searches were performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. A PICOS approach was applied to define inclusion criteria, (i) apparently healthy participants, with no restrictions on their fitness level, sex, or age, (ii) a PJT program, (iii) active controls (any sport-related activity) or specific active controls (a specific exercise type such as balance training), (iv) assessment of dynamic, static balance pre- and post-PJT, (v) randomized controlled trials and controlled trials. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. This meta-analysis was computed using the inverse variance random-effects model. The significance level was set at p <0.05. Results: The initial search retrieved 8,251 plus 23 records identified through other sources. Forty-two articles met our inclusion criteria for qualitative and 38 for quantitative analysis (1,806 participants [990 males, 816 females], age range 9-63 years). PJT interventions lasted between 4 and 36 weeks. The median PEDro score was 6 and no study had low methodological quality (≤3). The analysis revealed significant small effects of PJT on overall (dynamic and static) balance (ES = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.32-0.61; p < 0.001), dynamic (e.g., Y-balance test) balance (ES = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.30-0.71; p < 0.001), and static (e.g., flamingo balance test) balance (ES = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.31-0.67; p < 0.001). The moderator analyses revealed that sex and/or age did not moderate balance performance outcomes. When PJT was compared to specific active controls (i.e., participants undergoing balance training, whole body vibration training, resistance training), both PJT and alternative training methods showed similar effects on overall (dynamic and static) balance (p = 0.534). Specifically, when PJT was compared to balance training, both training types showed similar effects on overall (dynamic and static) balance (p = 0.514). Conclusion: Compared to active controls, PJT showed small effects on overall balance, dynamic and static balance. Additionally, PJT produced similar balance improvements compared to other training types (i.e., balance training). Although PJT is widely used in athletic and recreational sport settings to improve athletes' physical fitness (e.g., jumping; sprinting), our systematic review with meta-analysis is novel in as much as it indicates that PJT also improves balance performance. The observed PJT-related balance enhancements were irrespective of sex and participants' age. Therefore, PJT appears to be an adequate training regime to improve balance in both, athletic and recreational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Utkarsh Singh
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Santiago, Chile
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Afonso
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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26
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Plisky P, Schwartkopf-Phifer K, Huebner B, Garner MB, Bullock G. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Y-Balance Test Lower Quarter: Reliability, Discriminant Validity, and Predictive Validity. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:1190-1209. [PMID: 34631241 PMCID: PMC8486397 DOI: 10.26603/001c.27634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in dynamic neuromuscular control have been associated with post-injury sequelae and increased injury risk. The Y-Balance Test Lower Quarter (YBT-LQ) has emerged as a tool to identify these deficits. PURPOSE To review the reliability of the YBT-LQ, determine if performance on the YBT-LQ varies among populations (i.e., sex, sport/activity, and competition level), and to determine the injury risk identification validity of the YBT-LQ based on asymmetry, individual reach direction performance, or composite score. STUDY DESIGN Systematic Review. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed of 10 online databases from inception to October 30, 2019. Only studies that tested dynamic single leg balance using the YBT-LQ were included. Studies were excluded if the Y-Balance Test kit was not utilized during testing or if there was a major deviation from the Y-Balance test procedure. For methodological quality assessment, the modified Downs and Black scale and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used. RESULTS Fifty-seven studies (four in multiple categories) were included with nine studies assessing reliability, 36 assessing population differences, and 16 assessing injury prediction were included. Intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.85-0.91. Sex differences were observed in the posteromedial direction (males: 109.6 [95%CI 107.4-111.8]; females: 102.3 [95%CI 97.2-107.4; p = 0.01]) and posterolateral direction (males: 107.0 [95%CI 105.0-109.1]; females: 102.0 [95%CI 97.8-106.2]). However, no difference was observed between sexes in the anterior reach direction (males: 71.9 [95%CI 69.5-74.5]; females: 70.8 [95%CI 65.7-75.9]; p=0.708). Differences in composite score were noted between soccer (97.6; 95%CI 95.9-99.3) and basketball (92.8; 95%CI 90.4-95.3; p <0.01), and baseball (97.4; 95%CI 94.6-100.2) and basketball (92.8; 95%CI 90.4-95.3; p=0.02). Given the heterogeneity of injury prediction studies, a meta-analysis of these data was not possible. Three of the 13 studies reported a relationship between anterior reach asymmetry reach and injury risk, three of 10 studies for posteromedial and posterolateral reach asymmetry, and one of 13 studies reported relationship with composite reach asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS There was moderate to high quality evidence demonstrating that the YBT-LQ is a reliable dynamic neuromuscular control test. Significant differences in sex and sport were observed. If general cut points (i.e., not population specific) are used, the YBT-LQ may not be predictive of injury. Clinical population specific requirements (e.g., age, sex, sport/activity) should be considered when interpreting YBT-LQ performance, particularly when used to identify risk factors for injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1b.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Garrett Bullock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford
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27
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Gender Differences in Attention Adaptation after an 8-Week FIFA 11 + for Kids Training Program in Elementary School Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090822. [PMID: 34572254 PMCID: PMC8472359 DOI: 10.3390/children8090822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
School-based exercise intervention is recognized as an optimal tool for enhancing attentional performance in healthy school children. However, gender differences in the training adaptation regarding attentional capacities have not been elucidated clearly in the current literature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ for Kids training program on attentional performance in schoolboys and girls. Based on a quasi-experimental design, fifty-two children registered in year five of elementary school were assigned into the following groups: training boys (n = 13), training girls (n = 13), control boys (n = 13), and control girls (n = 13). The training groups undertook an 8-week FIFA 11+ Kids intervention with a training frequency of five times per week, whereas the control groups were deprived of any exercise during the study period. All the participants maintained their regular physical activity and weekly physical education (PE) lessons (two 50-min lessons per week of school curriculum) during the training period. The Chinese version of the Attention Scale for Elementary School Children (ASESC) test was used for attentional assessment at the baseline and one week after the interventional period. The Kruskal–Wallis H test was used for between-group comparison, whereas the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for within-group comparison. Significant differences in total scale, focused attention, selective attention, and alternating attention were found in group comparisons (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the training children significantly increased their values in relation to total scale, focused attention, sustained attention, and selective attention (p < 0.05). Only training girls significantly improved their divided attention after the training period (p < 0.001, MD = −0.77, ES = −0.12). In conclusion, the FIFA 11+ for Kids is an effective school-based exercise intervention for attentional improvement in school children. The schoolgirls demonstrated a positive outcome regarding divided attention after the interventional period.
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28
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Bulow A, Anderson JE, Leiter JRS, MacDonald PB, Peeler JD. Safety and Effectiveness of a Perturbation-based Neuromuscular Training Program on Dynamic Balance in Adolescent Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:1001-1015. [PMID: 34386279 PMCID: PMC8329312 DOI: 10.26603/001c.25685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent females are at much greater risk for ACL injury than their male counterparts when participating in the same sports. Preventative and pre-operative rehabilitation neuromuscular (NM) exercise programs are often recommended to improve knee function and reduce injury rates. The effectiveness of perturbation-based NM training program has been established in an adult population but has yet to be investigated in the at-risk adolescent female population. PURPOSE To determine the effectiveness of a perturbation-based NM exercise program in a group of physically active adolescent females. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized trial. METHODS Twenty-four healthy and an exploratory group of 10 ACL-injured females (ages 12-18) were equally randomized into a perturbation-based NM training or control group and evaluated before and after a five-week intervention period. The primary outcome of dynamic balance was measured using the Y-Balance test (YBT); secondary outcome measures included lower limb strength, proprioception, and flexibility. RESULTS The perturbation-based NM training intervention was safely completed by all participants but had no significant effect on YBT scoring, lower limb strength, proprioception or flexibility in either the healthy or ACL-injured groups. CONCLUSIONS Perturbation-based NM training is safe, but may offer little preventative benefit for healthy or pre-operative rehabilitation benefit for ACL-injured adolescent females. Future research should examine whether the effectiveness of perturbation-based NM training is influenced by the length of the training intervention, training intensity, or when it is combined with other forms of prophylactic or pre-surgical rehabilitation frequently used with at-risk adolescent females who regularly participate in sport. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Peeler
- Human Anatomy & Cell Science, University of Manitoba; Pan Am Clinic
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29
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Silvers-Granelli H. Why Female Athletes Injure Their ACL's More Frequently? What can we do to mitigate their risk? Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:971-977. [PMID: 34386276 PMCID: PMC8329328 DOI: 10.26603/001c.25467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Silvers-Granelli
- Velocity Physical Therapy, Santa Monica, CA; Major League Soccer Medical Research Committee, New York, New York
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30
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Effects of a Neuromuscular Warm-Up Program in Youth Female Soccer Players. J Hum Kinet 2021; 79:29-40. [PMID: 34400984 PMCID: PMC8336551 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of different warm-up injury prevention routines in youth female soccer players have been demonstrated in the literature, however, there is a paucity of information regarding the effects that these kinds of programs have on soccer-specific physical performance variables. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week neuromuscular warm-up program on physical performance in youth female soccer players. Players (age: 13.94 ± 0.82 years) were divided into two groups. One group performed a neuromuscular activation program (n = 21) twice per week whereas the other group (control, n = 17) continued with their habitual warm-up routine for the same duration. Both groups of players performed strength, jumping and balance tests before and after the intervention period. Substantially greater improvements were detected in the mean velocity for the squat (p < 0.001; Effect Size = 0.95) and the hip thrust (p < 0.001; Effect Size = 0.51) in the experimental group in comparison to the control group. In addition, after the intervention period players in the experimental group showed an increase in the jumping height in the unloaded double-leg and single-leg counter-movement jumps (p = 0.003-0.012; Effect Size = 0.42-0.46). The results of this study provide evidence that a 12-week neuromuscular warm-up program can be effective to improve different physical performance variables in youth female soccer players.
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31
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Williams MD, Ramirez-Campillo R, Chaabene H, Moran J. Neuromuscular Training and Motor Control in Youth Athletes: A Meta-Analysis. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:1975-1997. [PMID: 34293993 PMCID: PMC8414837 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211029006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our purpose in this review was to determine the effects of bodyweight-only neuromuscular training (NMT) programs on motor control of movement among youth athletes. We searched three electronic databases (CrossRef, Google Scholar, and PubMed), using the following inclusion criteria for selecting research studies: (a) healthy male and female participants aged 8-18 years who were engaged in organized sports; (b) interventions up to 16-weeks duration; (c) incorporation of a control group; and (d) interventions that utilized only exercises using participants' body mass. We calculated pooled estimates of effect sizes (standardized mean difference) for changes in motor control across nine studies (12 comparisons) using the inverse-variance random effects model for meta-analyses and 95% confidence intervals. Among the nine studies included in our meta-analysis, there was a moderate, significant effect in favor of neuromuscular training programs (0.79 [95% CI: 0.38, 1.20], Z = 3.76 [p = 0.0002]) on motor control. Heterogeneity was high and significant (I2= 77% [p = 0.00001]). Moderator analyses for age and stature revealed NMT programs to be more effective in younger, shorter, and lighter individuals. We found larger effect sizes in males, and for programs >8 weeks in duration. We concluded that the older and heavier an individual is, the less effective bodyweight-only NMT programs became, particularly for female participants. These results reinforce the notion that exercise to enhance motor control should be emphasized during pre-adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark David Williams
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Laboratory of Measurement and Assessment in Sport, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, Universidad de Los Lagos (University of Los Lagos), Osorno, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Mayor. Santiago, Chile
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
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32
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Effects of 8-Week FIFA 11+ for Kids Intervention on Physical Fitness and Attention in Elementary School Children. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:686-693. [PMID: 33894690 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychological and physiological adaptations in response to the FIFA 11+ for kids (FIFA11+kid) program has not been examined in school children. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8-week FIFA11+kid intervention on physical fitness and attentional capacity in elementary school children. METHODS A total of 55 elementary school students voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were assigned to either the FIFA11+kid (n = 28, 5 times per week) or the control (n = 27) group. At baseline and after 8 weeks, all participants were asked to perform a battery of physical fitness tests (sit-and-reach, broad jump, sit-up test, and 800-m run) and the Attention Scale for Elementary School Children, including 5 subscales: focused, sustained, selective, alternating, and divided attentions. RESULTS The FIFA11+kid group demonstrated larger pre-post change in sit-and-reach (P < .001) and sit-up test (P < .001) than that of control group. Moreover, the FIFA11+kid group demonstrated large improvements pre-post change in Attention Scale for Elementary School Children scores of total score (P < .001), focused (P < .001), sustained (P < .001), and selective attentions (P < .001) compared with the control group. CONCLUSION A total of 8 weeks of FIFA11+kid exercise intervention can improve general physical fitness and attentional capacities in elementary school children.
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33
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Ramirez-Campillo R, Castillo D, Raya-González J, Moran J, de Villarreal ES, Lloyd RS. Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Jump and Sprint Performance in Young Male Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2021; 50:2125-2143. [PMID: 32915430 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even from a young age, modern soccer requires high levels of physical fitness development, particularly jumping and sprinting. Plyometric jump training (PJT), combined with young athletes' regular soccer sessions, has the potential to improve jumping and sprinting. However, studies exploring the effects of PJT are generally limited by small sample sizes. This problem of underpowered studies may, thus, be resolved by pooling study results in a meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis (SRMA) was to assess the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on jumping and sprinting among young male soccer players. METHODS The SRMA included peer-reviewed articles that incorporated PJT in healthy players (i.e., < 23 years of age), a control group, and a measure of jumping or sprinting. Means and standard deviations of outcomes were converted to Hedges' g effect sizes (ES), using the inverse variance random-effects model. Moderator analyses were conducted for PJT duration, frequency, total number of sessions, participants' chronological age, and FIFA age categories (i.e., U-17 vs. U-20 vs. U-23). A multivariate random-effects meta-regression was also conducted. RESULTS Thirty-three studies were included, comprising 1499 participants. PJT improved vertical jump tests (ES = 0.60-0.98; all p < 0.01) and linear sprint performance (ES = 0.60-0.98; p < 0.03). Interventions of > 7 weeks and > 14 PJT sessions induced greater effects compared to PJT with ≤ 7 weeks and ≤ 14 total sessions on 10-m sprint performance (between group p = 0.038). CONCLUSION PJT is effective in improving jumping and sprinting performance among young male soccer players. Greater 10-m linear sprinting improvements were noted after interventions > 7-week duration and > 14 sessions, suggesting a greater return from exposure to longer PJT interventions, partially in support for the adoption of a long-term approach to athletic development in young athletes. However, with reference to the findings of the meta-regression, and those from the remaining subgroup and single factors analysis, a robust confirmation regarding the moderator role of participant's age or PJT configuration effects on young soccer player's fitness qualities needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile. .,Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Rhodri S Lloyd
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.,Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Ramirez-Campillo R, García-de-Alcaraz A, Chaabene H, Moran J, Negra Y, Granacher U. Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Physical Fitness in Amateur and Professional Volleyball: A Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:636140. [PMID: 33716784 PMCID: PMC7952872 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.636140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on measures of physical fitness in amateur and professional volleyball players. A systematic electronic literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Controlled studies including pre-to-post intervention tests of physical fitness and involving healthy volleyball players regardless of age and sex were considered. A random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes (ES) between intervention and control groups. Moderator analyses considered programme duration, training frequency, total number of training sessions and jumps, participants' sex, age, and expertise level. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Eighteen moderate-to-high quality (median of 5 PEDro points) studies were eligible, comprising a total of 746 athletes. None of the included studies reported injuries related to the PJT intervention. The main findings showed small-to-moderate effects (p < 0.05) of PJT on linear sprint speed (ES = 0.70), squat jump (ES = 0.56), countermovement jump (CMJ) (ES = 0.80), CMJ with arm swing (ES = 0.63), drop jump (ES = 0.81), and spike jump height (ES = 0.84). Sub-analyses of moderator factors included 48 data sets. Only age had a significant effect on CMJ performance. Participants aged ≥16 years achieved greater improvements in CMJ performance compared to <16 years old (ES = 1.28 and 0.38, respectively; p = 0.022). No significant differences (p = 0.422) were identified between amateur (ES = 0.62) and professional volleyball players (ES = 1.01). In conclusion, PJT seems safe and is effective in improving measures of physical fitness in amateur and professional volleyball players, considering studies performed in both male and female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio García-de-Alcaraz
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain.,LFE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yassine Negra
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) ≪Sport Performance, Health & Society≫, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of "La Manouba", Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Best N, Nisser M, Loudovici-Krug D. [The Jena standing stability (JESS) score : Development, standard value generation and clinical applicability of a score for evaluation of standing stability]. Z Rheumatol 2021; 80:85-95. [PMID: 32157383 PMCID: PMC7873111 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-020-00765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Der Stand bzw. das Stehen kann neben den von Janda beschriebenen Bewegungsstereotypen ebenfalls als motorischer Prozess begriffen werden. Atypische Belastungen während des Stehens führen zur Überbeanspruchung myofaszialer Strukturen und zu Schmerz. Die Suche nach einer dezidierten Untersuchungsmöglichkeit mit der Aussicht auf individuelle Therapieempfehlungen, war Anlass für die Erarbeitung dieses Scores. Methodik Es wurden 80 gesunde Probanden mittels etablierter sowie anteilig neu beschriebener Testverfahren auf ihre Standstabilität hin untersucht. Die gleichgewichteten Ergebnisse wurden zu einem Score zusammengefasst und dessen Normwerte bestimmt. Ergebnisse Für die Altersklasse der 18- bis 44-Jährigen ist die Norm das Erfüllen von 10 der insgesamt 13 Einzelaufgaben. Für die 45- bis 59-Jährigen sind nach aktuellen Messungen 8 von 13 erreichten Punkten die Norm. In der Altersgruppe ab dem 60. Lebensjahr können bisher keine belastbaren Aussagen getroffen werden. Diskussion Belastbare Daten liefert die Altersgruppe bis 44 Jahre. Die Altersgruppe darüber zeigt zumindest einen deutlichen Trend. Die existierenden Tests bzw. Scores setzten sich verstärkt mit dem Sturzrisiko und der Geschicklichkeit bei Bewegungen und komplexen Aufgaben auseinander. Der Stand als motorischer Stereotyp wurde bisher noch nicht beschrieben. Nach einer Untersuchung mittels Jenaer-Stand-Stabilitäts-Score (JESS-Score) ist es möglich, Aussagen zu individuellen Therapieschwerpunkten zu treffen. Schlussfolgerungen Der JESS-Score stellt einen praktikablen Test zur Verifizierung des Standstereotyps dar. Die Erweiterung der Normgruppe durch Einschluss weiterer Studienteilnehmer wird über eine Verstetigung oder Modifikation der aktuellen Ergebnisse entscheiden. Die Testung weiterer Kohorten wird zeigen, inwieweit diese Items sensitiv für Veränderungen durch Trainingsmethoden sind und ob mit dem Score auch klinische Änderungen kongruent abgebildet werden können.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Best
- Institut für Physiotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Deutschland. .,Institut für Physiotherapie, Posture and Motion Group, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland.
| | - M Nisser
- Institut für Physiotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Deutschland
| | - D Loudovici-Krug
- Institut für Physiotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Deutschland.,Forschungsberatungsstelle der Ärztevereinigung für Manuelle Medizin (ÄMM), Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Deutschland
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Lindblom H, Waldén M, Hägglund M. Performance Effects with Injury Prevention Exercise Programmes in Male Youth Football Players: A Randomised Trial Comparing Two Interventions. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2020; 6:56. [PMID: 33226542 PMCID: PMC7683691 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased performance from injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) may affect injury risks positively and support the implementation of IPEPs. The primary aim was to study the performance effects of injury prevention exercises from two different IPEPs, the Knee Control IPEP and the further developed Knee Control+ IPEP, in youth male football players, and the secondary aim was to compare potential differences in performance effects between the IPEPs. METHODS Four male youth football teams were tested for agility, hop and sprint performance at the start of the second half of the competitive season and after the end of the 8-week season. Per randomisation, two teams used Knee Control and two teams Knee Control+. RESULTS In total, 47 players executed a median of 13 IPEP sessions (range 11-21 sessions). No improvements in performance were seen in the group as a whole. The intervention groups showed small declines in sprint and agility performance. There was a significant between-group difference in change for the 505 agility test, with improved performance in the Knee Control and worse performance in the Knee Control+ group, ΔKC vs KC+ = - 0.012 (95% CI - 0.19 to -0.04), d = 0.98. CONCLUSIONS No clinically meaningful performance effects were seen from the Knee Control or Knee Control+ IPEP in youth male athletes and no meaningful differences were seen between Knee Control and Knee Control+ regarding effects on performance tests. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03251404 . Registered on 16 August 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lindblom
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Waldén
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Unit of Public Health, Division of Society and Health, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hässleholm-Kristianstad Hospitals, Hässleholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Rasica L, Porcelli S, Minetti AE, Pavei G. Biomechanical and metabolic aspects of backward (and forward) running on uphill gradients: another clue towards an almost inelastic rebound. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2507-2515. [PMID: 32840696 PMCID: PMC7557486 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE On level, the metabolic cost (C) of backward running is higher than forward running probably due to a lower elastic energy recoil. On positive gradient, the ability to store and release elastic energy is impaired in forward running. We studied running on level and on gradient to test the hypothesis that the higher metabolic cost and lower efficiency in backward than forward running was due to the impairment in the elastic energy utilisation. METHODS Eight subjects ran forward and backward on a treadmill on level and on gradient (from 0 to + 25%, with 5% step). The mechanical work, computed from kinematic data, C and efficiency (the ratio between total mechanical work and C) were calculated in each condition. RESULTS Backward running C was higher than forward running at each condition (on average + 35%) and increased linearly with gradient. Total mechanical work was higher in forward running only at the steepest gradients, thus efficiency was lower in backward running at each gradient. CONCLUSION Efficiency decreased by increasing gradient in both running modalities highlighting the impairment in the elastic contribution on positive gradient. The lower efficiency values calculated in backward running in all conditions pointed out that backward running was performed with an almost inelastic rebound; thus, muscles performed most of the mechanical work with a high metabolic cost. These new backward running C data permit, by applying the recently introduced 'equivalent slope' concept for running acceleration, to obtain the predictive equation of metabolic power during level backward running acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rasica
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - S Porcelli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A E Minetti
- Laboratory of Physiomechanics of Locomotion, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Physiology Division, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pavei
- Laboratory of Physiomechanics of Locomotion, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Physiology Division, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Ling DI, Boyle C, Janosky J, Chang B, Roselaar N, Kinderknecht J, Marx RG. Feedback cues improve the alignment and technique of children performing ACL injury prevention exercises. J ISAKOS 2020; 6:3-7. [PMID: 33833039 DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2020-000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The appropriateness of neuromuscular training exercises across different age groups has not yet been investigated, particularly in younger children. The purpose of this study was to determine which neuromuscular training exercises can be performed with proper neutral alignment in various age groups. METHODS Seven exercises were selected for evaluation in children ranging from 8 to 17 years of age who were recruited from schools and youth sports organisations. Participants completed two trials of each exercise and were judged on maintaining neutral body alignment after receiving visual/verbal instruction on the first trial and feedback cues on the second trial. Three evaluators judged each exercise, which was deemed as correct when at least two evaluators agreed that neutral alignment was maintained. Comparisons were made across ages and between sex using the χ² test or Fisher's exact test. The proportions of participants who performed the exercise correctly were also compared before and after feedback cues were provided. RESULTS A total of 360 participants were evaluated (8-11 years: 165, 54% female; 12-15 years: 136, 40% female, 16-17 years: 59, 53% female). There were no significant differences in performance across ages and sex for nearly all exercises. The majority of children were not able to complete the exercises with proper alignment. The use of feedback cues significantly increased the proportion of participants who correctly completed the exercise (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the importance of training coaches and physical education teachers to provide cues that reinforce proper technique during anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention exercises. Children should perform common neuromuscular training exercises with feedback on proper technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV (case series).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne I Ling
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caroline Boyle
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Janosky
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brenda Chang
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Naomi Roselaar
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - James Kinderknecht
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert G Marx
- Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Fernandez-Fernandez J, García-Tormo V, Santos-Rosa FJ, Teixeira AS, Nakamura FY, Granacher U, Sanz-Rivas D. The Effect of a Neuromuscular vs. Dynamic Warm-up on Physical Performance in Young Tennis Players. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2776-2784. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Molinaro L, Taborri J, Montecchiani M, Rossi S. Assessing the Effects of Kata and Kumite Techniques on Physical Performance in Elite Karatekas. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3186. [PMID: 32503343 PMCID: PMC7309074 DOI: 10.3390/s20113186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at assessing physical performance of elite karatekas and non-karatekas. More specifically, effects of kumite and kata technique on joint mobility, body stability, and jumping ability were assessed by enrolling twenty-four karatekas and by comparing the results with 18 non-karatekas healthy subjects. Sensor system was composed by a single inertial sensor and optical bars. Karatekas are generally characterized by better motor performance with respect nonkaratekas, considering all the examined factors, i.e., mobility, stability, and jumping. In addition, the two techniques lead to a differentiation in joint mobility; in particular, kumite athletes are characterized by a greater shoulder extension and, in general, by a greater value of preferred velocity to perform joint movements. Conversely, kata athletes are characterized by a greater mobility of the ankle joint. By focusing on jumping skills, kata technique leads to an increase of the concentric phase when performing squat jump. Finally, kata athletes showed better stability inclosed eyes condition. The outcomes reported here can be useful for optimizing coaching programs for both beginners and karatekas based on the specific selected technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Molinaro
- Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIM), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.M.); (S.R.)
- Motustech – Sport & Health Technology c/o Marilab, 00121 Ostia Lido, Rome, Italy
| | - Juri Taborri
- Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIM), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Massimo Montecchiani
- FIAMME ORO – Polizia di Stato, 00148 Rome, Italy;
- FIJLKAM – Italian Federation of Judo, Wrestling, Karate and Martial Arts, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Rossi
- Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIM), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.M.); (S.R.)
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Lopes M, Oliveira J, Ribeiro F. Injury prevention in futsal players: is the FIFA 11+ a simple answer to a complex problem? PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2020.1731177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mário Lopes
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Oliveira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ribeiro
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Till K, Eisenmann J, Emmonds S, Jones B, Mitchell T, Cowburn I, Tee J, Holmes N, Lloyd RS. A Coaching Session Framework to Facilitate Long-Term Athletic Development. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ramirez‐Campillo R, Moran J, Chaabene H, Granacher U, Behm DG, García‐Hermoso A, Izquierdo M. Methodological characteristics and future directions for plyometric jump training research: A scoping review update. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:983-997. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramirez‐Campillo
- Laboratory of Human Performance. Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group Department of Physical Activity Sciences Universidad de Los Lagos Osorno Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences University of Essex Colchester UK
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences Research Focus Cognitive Sciences University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education Kef University of Jendouba Jendouba Tunisia
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences Research Focus Cognitive Sciences University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - David G. Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s Canada
| | - Antonio García‐Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN) IdiSNA Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) Pamplona Spain
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH Santiago Chile
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN) IdiSNA Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) Pamplona Spain
- Grupo GICAEDS. Programa de Cultura Física Deporte y Recreación Universidad Santo Tomás Bogotá Colombia
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Ling DI, Cepeda NA, Marom N, Jivanelli B, Marx RG. Injury prevention programmes with plyometric and strengthening exercises improve on-field performance: a systematic review. J ISAKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2019-000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
ImportanceInjury prevention programmes (IPPs) have been demonstrated to be highly efficacious in protecting young athletes from anterior cruciate ligament and other lower-extremity injuries. However, the effectiveness of these programme in practice has been limited due to poor adherence among coaches of organised sports teams.ObjectiveA change in messaging from injury reduction to performance enhancement may be an effective strategy for improving adherence. We conducted a systematic review to address whether implementing IPP can also provide benefits on sports performance as measured by on-field tests.Evidence reviewData Sources: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 2000 to August 2018.Study Selection: English-language studies were selected if they evaluated on-field performance testing before and after participation in the IPP or compared with another programme/control. No limitations were placed on study design or study population. Studies were excluded if they evaluated programme without an explicit focus on injury prevention or reported on injury risk factors that were not related to athletic performance.Study designSystematic reviewData extractionStudy design, population, sport and level, comparison group and duration/frequency of the IPP were extracted from full-text articles. The results of performance testing were summarised into the following categories: balance, sprinting, agility, jumping, physical fitness and sport-specific skills.FindingsThe evidence shows that IPP can have beneficial effects on measures of sports performance and physical fitness. Factors that resulted in significant improvement included longer frequency and duration of the programme, as well as inclusion of plyometric and muscle strengthening exercises.ConclusionsThere is a wide variety of measures used for athletic performance. IPPs that are done more frequently for longer durations and that include strengthening and plyometric exercises have been shown to improve athletic performance. Enhanced performance with tests that can be conducted on the field with existing equipment may help convince coaches and athletes to improve adherence with the IPP exercises.Level of evidenceLevel II
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Gee TI, Morrow RA, Stone MR, Bishop DC. A neuromuscular training program enhances dynamic neuromuscular control and physical performance in court‐sport athletes. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I. Gee
- School of Sport and Exercise Science University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
| | - Ryan A. Morrow
- School of Sport and Exercise Science University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
| | - Mark R. Stone
- School of Sport and Wellbeing University of Central Lancashire Preston UK
| | - Daniel C. Bishop
- School of Sport and Exercise Science University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
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Zarei M, Abbasi H, Daneshjoo A, Gheitasi M, Johari K, Faude O, Rommers N, Rössler R. The Effect of the "11+ Kids" Program on the Isokinetic Strength of Young Football Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:25-30. [PMID: 30958052 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The "11+ Kids" injury-prevention program has been shown to reduce injuries and related costs in youth football players less than 14 y of age. A major argument to convince coaches to use this exercise-based injury-prevention program is a potential performance enhancement of the players. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the "11+ Kids" program on isokinetic strength. METHODS Two teams were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group replaced their warm-up by the "11+ Kids" and the control group warmed up as usual. Two days before and after the 10-wk intervention, isokinetic strength of the hip adductors and abductors, knee flexors and extensors, and ankle invertors and evertors was tested. RESULTS Thirty-one players (mean age 11.5 [0.8] y) completed the study. The intervention group showed large improvements in all isokinetic strength measures (P < .001 for all measures; Cohen d = 0.8-1.4), whereas the control group only showed negligible to medium positive effects (P values ranging from .006 to .718; Cohen d = -0.1 to 0.7). The intervention was beneficial compared with the control group regarding isokinetic strength of the hip adductors (P < .001), knee flexors (P = .002), and ankle evertors (P < .001) and invertors (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS Given the relatively short intervention period of 10 wk, the observed improvements relate to a practically meaningful effect of the intervention. The gain in strength may improve players' performance and may contribute to a reduction of injury risk in the long-term application.
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Zarei M, Abbasi H, Namazi P, Asgari M, Rommers N, Rössler R. The 11+ Kids warm-up programme to prevent injuries in young Iranian male high-level football (soccer) players: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 23:469-474. [PMID: 31859034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of the 11+ Kids warm-up programme regarding injury reduction in male high-level children's football players. DESIGN Cluster-randomised controlled trial. METHOD Male youth football teams of Iran's high-level football schools were invited to participate. Inclusion criteria were: teams are competing in the highest league of their province; players are between 7 and 14 years old; regular training takes place at least twice per week. Teams were excluded if they used an injury prevention measure. Participating clubs were randomised to an intervention (INT, N = 20 teams) and a control group (CON, N = 22 teams), stratified by the number of teams and the age group. The groups were blinded against each other. The follow-up period was one season (9 months). INT replaced their warm-up by 11+ Kids. CON performed a standard warm-up programme. The primary outcome was the injury incidence density (injuries per 1000 h of football exposure), compared between groups by incidence rate ratios (RR). RESULTS In total, 64,047 h of football exposure of 962 players (INT = 443 players, 31,934 h of football, CON = 519 players, 32,113 h of football) were recorded. During the study, 90 (INT = 30; CON = 60) injuries occurred. The overall injury incidence density in INT was reduced by 50% compared to CON (RR 0.50; 95%-CI 0.32, 0.78). No injuries occurred during the execution of the intervention exercises. CONCLUSIONS The 11+ Kids reduces injuries in high-level children's football players, thus supporting player health and potentially performance and player development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Zarei
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation and Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Abbasi
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Namazi
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation and Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Asgari
- Institute of Sport and Sports Science, TU Dortmund University, Germany
| | - Nikki Rommers
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium; Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Belgium; Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports & Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Roland Rössler
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports & Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Netherlands; Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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Uthoff A, Oliver J, Cronin J, Winwood P, Harrison C. Backward Running: The Why and How to Program for Better Athleticism. Strength Cond J 2019. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lopes M, Simões D, Rodrigues JM, Costa R, Oliveira J, Ribeiro F. The FIFA 11+ does not alter physical performance of amateur futsal players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:743-751. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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McKenzie CR, Whatman C, Brughelli M, Borotkanics R. The effect of the NetballSmart Dynamic Warm-up on physical performance in youth netball players. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 37:91-98. [PMID: 30904750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy of the NetballSmart Dynamic Warm-up in improving physical performance measures in New Zealand secondary school netball players. DESIGN Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING A seven-week intervention study in secondary school netball. PARTICIPANTS 81 youth netball players (Intervention group, n = 45; Control group, n = 36). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Performance measures included prone hold, change of direction, sprint, vertical and horizontal jump, Y-balance and time-to-stabilisation. Mixed effects models and t-tests were used to determine significant differences of pre and post measures between groups. RESULTS Significant improvements in prone hold (β = 20.46 s; p = 0.01) and vertical jump (β = 6.73 cm; p = 0.01) were found in the intervention group compared to the control group, while horizontal jump was found to significantly decrease (β = -9.86 cm; p = 0.03) in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show the NetballSmart Dynamic Warm-up can improve some physical performance measures in youth netball players. It is recommended that coaches should consider implementing the warm-up in their netball programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe R McKenzie
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Chris Whatman
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert Borotkanics
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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