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Lee JH, Kwon S, Lee S, Jang SY, Jo W, Jin J, Zheng Y, Lee SK. The influence of accelerometer epoch length on physical activity output in adolescent athletes. J Exerc Rehabil 2023; 19:370-374. [PMID: 38188137 PMCID: PMC10766452 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2346576.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Epoch in accelerometer measurements is an important option that affects the results of physical activity (PA) analysis. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of epoch on PA output in adolescents, but few have been performed on highly active youth athletes. We aimed to examine the differences in energy expenditure and time spent in different activity intensities by applying various epoch lengths in adolescent athletes. The participants of this study comprised 31 male athletes aged 12 to 13 in basketball, soccer, and taekwondo teams. Athletes wore a tri-axial accelerometer attached to the right hip for 6 to 7 consecutive days, including sleeping time. Subsequently, the recorded data from the accelerometer were downloaded using the ActiLife software and analyzed by varying the epoch to 1, 10, 30, and 60 sec. Daily average metabolic equivalents (METs) increased as the epoch increased (F=2.918, P=0.037), showing a significant difference between 1 and 60-sec epochs. As epoch length increased, sedentary (0-1.5 METs) (F=94.001, P=0.000) and high intensity (6 METs and higher) activity time (F=3.536, P=0.017) decreased, while low (1.5-3 METs) (F=173.949, P= 0.000), moderate (3-6 METs) (F=70.792, P=0.000), and moderate-to-vigorous activity (3 METs and higher intensity) (F=34.683, P=0.000) times increased. Comparing PA among adolescent athletes by varying epoch settings of accelerometers revealed differences in PA levels and time spent in different activity intensities. Future studies should consider the characteristic changes in the PA outputs according to the epoch length in very active adolescent athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Soonhyun Kwon
- Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Soyoon Lee
- Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Jang
- Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Wooyeon Jo
- Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Jaeho Jin
- Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Yaxiong Zheng
- Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Sang Ki Lee
- Department of Sport Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon,
Korea
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Schoenfelder A, Metcalf B, Langford J, Stathi A, Western MJ, Hillsdon M. The Analytical and Clinical Validity of the pfSTEP Digital Biomarker of the Susceptibility/Risk of Declining Physical Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5122. [PMID: 37299849 PMCID: PMC10255880 DOI: 10.3390/s23115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Measures of stepping volume and rate are common outputs from wearable devices, such as accelerometers. It has been proposed that biomedical technologies, including accelerometers and their algorithms, should undergo rigorous verification as well as analytical and clinical validation to demonstrate that they are fit for purpose. The aim of this study was to use the V3 framework to assess the analytical and clinical validity of a wrist-worn measurement system of stepping volume and rate, formed by the GENEActiv accelerometer and GENEAcount step counting algorithm. The analytical validity was assessed by measuring the level of agreement between the wrist-worn system and a thigh-worn system (activPAL), the reference measure. The clinical validity was assessed by establishing the prospective association between the changes in stepping volume and rate with changes in physical function (SPPB score). The agreement of the thigh-worn reference system and the wrist-worn system was excellent for total daily steps (CCC = 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.91) and moderate for walking steps and faster-paced walking steps (CCC = 0.61, 95% CI 0.53-0.68 and 0.55, 95% CI 0.46-0.64, respectively). A higher number of total steps and faster paced-walking steps was consistently associated with better physical function. After 24 months, an increase of 1000 daily faster-paced walking steps was associated with a clinically meaningful increase in physical function (0.53 SPPB score, 95% CI 0.32-0.74). We have validated a digital susceptibility/risk biomarker-pfSTEP-that identifies an associated risk of low physical function in community-dwelling older adults using a wrist-worn accelerometer and its accompanying open-source step counting algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad Metcalf
- Sports and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (B.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Joss Langford
- Sports and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (B.M.); (J.L.)
- Activinsights Ltd., Huntingdon PE28 0NJ, UK
| | - Afroditi Stathi
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Max J. Western
- Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Melvyn Hillsdon
- Sports and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (B.M.); (J.L.)
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Brailey G, Metcalf B, Lear R, Price L, Cumming S, Stiles V. A comparison of the associations between bone health and three different intensities of accelerometer-derived habitual physical activity in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1191-1222. [PMID: 35089364 PMCID: PMC9106641 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Positive associations have been identified between bone outcomes and accelerometer-derived moderate (MPA) and vigorous (VPA) physical activity (PA) in youth; however, it remains unclear which intensity is most beneficial. This systematic review aimed to summarise accelerometer-derived methods used to estimate habitual PA in children and adolescents and determine whether the magnitude of association was consistently stronger for a particular intensity (MPA/MVPA/VPA). Observational studies assessing associations between accelerometer-derived MPA and/or MVPA and VPA with bone outcomes in children and adolescents (≤ 18 years) were identified in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Thirty articles were included (total n = 20,613 (10,077 males), 4-18 years). Chi-square tests determined whether the proportion of significant associations and strongest within-study associations differed significantly between intensities. Results demonstrated that accelerometer methods were highly variable between studies. Of the 570 associations analysed, 186 were significant (p < 0.05). The proportion of within-study strongest associations differed by PA intensity (3 × 2 χ2 = 86.6, p < 0.001) and was significantly higher for VPA (39%) compared to MVPA (5%; 2 × 2 χ2 = 55.3, p < 0.001) and MPA (9%, 2 × 2 χ2 = 49.1, p < 0.001). Results indicated a greater benefit of VPA over MPA/MVPA; however, variability in accelerometer-derived methods used prevents the precise bone-benefitting amount of VPA from being identified. Long epochs and numerous intensity cut-point definitions mean that bone-relevant PA has likely been missed or misclassified in this population. Future research should explore the use of shorter epochs (1 s) and identify bone-specific activity intensities, rather than using pre-defined activity classifications more relevant to cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Brailey
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Brad Metcalf
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rebecca Lear
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lisa Price
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sean Cumming
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Victoria Stiles
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Altenburg TM, Wang X, van Ekris E, Andersen LB, Møller NC, Wedderkopp N, Chinapaw MJM. The consequences of using different epoch lengths on the classification of accelerometer based sedentary behaviour and physical activity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254721. [PMID: 34265011 PMCID: PMC8282067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the influence of using different epoch lengths on the classification accuracy of laboratory-controlled sedentary behaviour (SB), and free-living total time and time spent in bouts of SB and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), in children and adolescents. We used two studies including accelerometer-derived data of: 1) controlled activities, i.e. seven sedentary, one standing and one dancing (n = 90); 2) free-living activities (n = 902). For the controlled-activity data, we calculated percentages of time classified as SB and MVPA. For the free-living data, we calculated medians (25th-75th percentiles) of total time and time spent in bouts of SB and MVPA. Applying 8counts/5seconds, 25counts/15seconds and 100counts/60seconds for SB on controlled-activity data revealed respectively (1) 92-96%, 89-99% and 98-100% of sedentary time accurately classified as SB (activity- and age-dependent); (2) 91-98%, 88-99% and 97-100% of standing time classified as SB (age-dependent); (3) 25-37%, 20-25% and 25-38% of dancing time classified as SB (age-dependent). Using longer epochs, children's total time in SB and MVPA decreased while time accumulated in bouts of SB and MVPA accumulated in bouts increased. We conclude that a 60-second epoch seems preferable when the aim is to classify sedentary behaviour, while a shorter epoch length is needed to capture children's short bursts of MPVA. Furthermore, we should be aware that a longer epoch results in averaging of intensities to the middle category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teatske M. Altenburg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- College of Computer Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Evi van Ekris
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Niels Christian Møller
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Orthopedic Department, Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Hospital of Middelfart, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mai J. M. Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Camplain R, Lopez NV, Cooper DM, McKenzie TL, Zheng K, Radom-Aizik S. Development of the systematic observation of COVID-19 mitigation (SOCOM): Assessing face covering and distancing in schools. J Clin Transl Sci 2021; 5:e124. [PMID: 34258031 PMCID: PMC8267337 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2021.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the COVID-19 pandemic, some K-12 schools resumed in-person classes with varying degrees of mitigation plans in the fall 2020. Physical distancing and face coverings can minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread, the virus that causes COVID-19. However, no research has focused on adherence to mitigation strategies during school days. Thus, we sought to develop a systematic observation protocol to capture COVID-19 mitigation strategy adherence in school environments: The Systematic Observation of COVID-19 Mitigation (SOCOM). METHODS We extended previously validated and internationally used tools to develop the SOCOM training and implementation protocols to assess physical-distancing and face-covering behaviors. SOCOM was tested in diverse indoor and outdoor settings (classrooms, lunchrooms, physical education [PE], and recess) among diverse schools (elementary, secondary, and special needs). RESULTS For the unique metrics of physical-distancing and face-covering behaviors, areas with less activity and a maximum of 10-15 students were more favorable for accurately capturing data. Overall proportion of agreement was high for physical distancing (90.9%), face covering (88.6%), activity type (89.2%), and physical activity level (87.9%). Agreement was lowest during active recess, PE, and observation areas with ≥20 students. CONCLUSIONS Millions of children throughout the USA are likely to return to school in the months ahead. SOCOM is a relatively inexpensive research tool that can be implemented by schools to determine mitigation strategy adherence and to assess protocols that allow students return to school safely and slow the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Camplain
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Nanette V. Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Dan M. Cooper
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Thomas L. McKenzie
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kai Zheng
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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6
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Hibbing PR, Bassett DR, Crouter SE. Modifying Accelerometer Cut-Points Affects Criterion Validity in Simulated Free-Living for Adolescents and Adults. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2020; 91:514-524. [PMID: 32023183 PMCID: PMC7415477 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1688227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To assess changes in criterion validity when modifying cut-points for use in different epoch lengths. Method: Simulated free-living data came from 42 adolescents (2-hr each) and 29 adults (6-hr each) wearing a hip-worn accelerometer and portable indirect calorimeter (Cosmed K4b2). K4b2 data were classified as sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and compared to estimates from accelerometer data processed with three youth and three adult cut-points in six epoch lengths (1, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60-s). A cut-point of 100 counts per minute was used for all SB estimates. Results: For both adolescents and adults, SB estimates in all but 60-s epochs were significantly higher than the criterion, by 18.4%-78.4% (all p < .02). CPS had varied effects on youth LPA, ranging from favorable effects for one cut-point (1.9% underestimation in 1-s epochs, versus 40.2% overestimation in the originally-calibrated epoch length; p < .01 and p = .91, respectively) to unfavorable effects for another (41.8% underestimation in 1-s epochs, versus 9.8% underestimation in the originally-calibrated epoch length; p < .01 and p = .39, respectively). Adult LPA estimates in 30-s or 60-s epochs were closest to the criterion (within 5.2%-37.3%, p = .0001-0.49). Youth MVPA estimates in 60-s epochs were closest to the criterion (within 9.5%-53.2%, all p < .05), whereas adult MVPA estimates in 1-s epochs were closest to the criterion (within 6.6%-34.2%, p = .02-0.59). Conclusion: Cut-point modification is not universally beneficial, and thus it is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Hibbing
- Corresponding Author: Paul R. Hibbing, 307 HPER Building, 1914 Andy Holt Ave, Knoxville, TN 37996, Telephone: 865-974-5651, Fax: 865-974-8981,
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7
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Bianchim MS, McNarry MA, Larun L, Barker AR, Williams CA, Mackintosh KA. Calibration and validation of accelerometry using cut-points to assess physical activity in paediatric clinical groups: A systematic review. Prev Med Rep 2020; 19:101142. [PMID: 32637301 PMCID: PMC7327836 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity is associated with physiological and psychosocial benefits in both healthy and clinical populations. However, little is known about tailoring the analysis of physical activity using accelerometers to the specific characteristics of chronic conditions. Whilst accelerometry is broadly used to assess physical activity, recommendations on calibration in paediatric clinical groups are warranted. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a critical overview of protocols used to calibrate accelerometry in children and adolescents with clinical conditions, as well as to develop recommendations for calibration and validation of accelerometry in such populations. The search was performed between March to July 2017 using text words and subject headings in six databases. Studies had to develop moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) cut-points for paediatric clinical populations to be included. Risk of bias was assessed using a specific checklist. A total of 540,630 titles were identified, with 323 full-text articles assessed. Five studies involving 347 participants aged 9 to 15 years were included. Twenty-four MVPA cut-points were reported across seven clinical conditions, 16 of which were developed for different models of ActiGraph, seven for Actical and one for Tritrac-R3D. Statistical approaches included mixed regression, machine learning and receiver operating characteristic analyses. Disease-specific MVPA cut-points ranged from 152 to 735 counts·15 s-1, with lower cut-points found for inherited muscle disease and higher cut-points associated with intellectual disabilities. The lower MVPA cut-points for diseases characterised by both ambulatory and metabolic impairments likely reflect the higher energetic demands associated with those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara S. Bianchim
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Melitta A. McNarry
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Lillebeth Larun
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Health Services, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alan R. Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Craig A. Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Kelly A. Mackintosh
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, Wales, UK
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McLellan G, Arthur R, Donnelly S, Buchan DS. Segmented sedentary time and physical activity patterns throughout the week from wrist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers among children 7-12 years old. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:179-188. [PMID: 32099726 PMCID: PMC7031810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the volume and patterns of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) across different segments of the week among boys and girls. METHODS A total of 188 children aged 7-12 years wore a wrist-mounted ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer for 7 days. Time spent in PA and ST was calculated using ActiLife software. The mean number of minutes of light PA, moderate PA, vigorous PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and ST were calculated per weekday (before school, during school, and after school) and per weekend day (morning and afternoon-evening). RESULTS After school represented the greatest accumulation of ST compared with before school and during school segments. Boys engaged in 225.4 min/day of ST (95% confidence interval (CI): 216-235), and girls engaged in 222.2 min/day of ST (95%CI: 213-231). During school, boys engaged in significantly more MVPA than girls (46.1 min/day (95%CI: 44-48) vs. 40.7 min/day (95%CI: 39-43)). Across the whole weekday, boys participated in significantly more MVPA than girls (103.9 min/day (95%CI: 99-109) vs. 95.7 min/day (95%CI: 90-101)). The weekend afternoon-evening segment represented the larger accumulation of ST, where boys were significantly more sedentary than girls (367.5 min/day (95%CI: 353-382) vs. 339.8 min/day (95%CI: 325-355), respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that children are highly sedentary and spend little of their time in school in MVPA, especially girls. Routine breaks in school elicit increases in light PA and MVPA. Future work should consider the use of more active breaks within school time to encourage PA and reduce ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian McLellan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, The University of the West of Scotland, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, Blantyre, G72 0LH, Scotland, UK
| | - Rosie Arthur
- School of Health and Life Sciences, The University of the West of Scotland, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, Blantyre, G72 0LH, Scotland, UK
| | - Samantha Donnelly
- School of Health and Life Sciences, The University of the West of Scotland, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, Blantyre, G72 0LH, Scotland, UK
| | - Duncan S Buchan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, The University of the West of Scotland, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, Blantyre, G72 0LH, Scotland, UK..
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9
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Buchan DS, McLellan G, Donnelly S, Arthur R. The use of the intensity gradient and average acceleration metrics to explore associations with BMI z-score in children. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2751-2758. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1664536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan S. Buchan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, South Lanarkshire, Scotland
| | - Gillian McLellan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, South Lanarkshire, Scotland
| | - Samantha Donnelly
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, South Lanarkshire, Scotland
| | - Rosie Arthur
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, South Lanarkshire, Scotland
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10
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Pindus DM, Drollette ES, Raine LB, Kao SC, Khan N, Westfall DR, Hamill M, Shorin R, Calobrisi E, John D, Kramer AF, Hillman CH. Moving fast, thinking fast: The relations of physical activity levels and bouts to neuroelectric indices of inhibitory control in preadolescents. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:301-314. [PMID: 31333883 PMCID: PMC6620425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structured vigorous physical activity (VPA) can improve cognitive control in children, but studies relating daily physical activity (PA) to cognitive control have yielded conflicting findings. While objectively measured daily PA summarizes all occurrences of PA within a registered period, a minimum duration of continuous PA is required for registration of a PA bout. Because brief bouts of high-intensity PA can account for a large proportion of children's daily activity-related energy expenditure, this study assessed whether daily and bouted VPA were selectively related to cognitive control in preadolescents relative to other PA intensities. METHODS A total of 75 children between the ages of 8 and 10 years (49% girls) wore an ActiGraph wGT3X+ on the hip for 7 days. The acceleration signal from the vertical axis was summarized over 1 s, 5 s, and 15 s epochs. Daily and bouted moderate PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, and VPA were measured. PA bouts were expressed as the frequency and time spent in 2 different continuous PA bouts, one lasting ≥10 s and the other lasting ≥30 s at a given intensity. Inhibitory control was assessed using behavioral responses to a modified flanker task (mean reaction time (RTmean) and accuracy). Attentional resource allocation and cognitive processing speed were measured using the amplitude and latency of the P3 component of event-related brain potentials, respectively. Associations between PA, behavioral indices of inhibitory control, P3 amplitude, and latency were assessed using hierarchical regression models. RESULTS Daily VPA was not related to RTmean or accuracy on either congruent or incongruent trials. In contrast, more time spent in VPA bouts lasting ≥30 s predicted shorter P3 latency across epochs and flanker congruencies (all β ≤ -0.24, all p ≤ 0.04). The associations between shorter P3 latency and the time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA bouts lasting ≥30 s were less consistent and largely limited to congruent trials (congruent: β (-0.31, -0.34)). No significant associations were observed upon correction for false discovery rate. CONCLUSION The pattern of uncorrected associations aligns with the dose-response literature and suggests that brief VPA bouts may yield the greatest benefits to cognitive processing speed in preadolescents. Future studies using measures of brain structure and function are needed to understand the mechanisms linking bouted VPA to neurocognitive function during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika M. Pindus
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Eric S. Drollette
- School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 6170, USA
| | - Lauren B. Raine
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Naiman Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Daniel R. Westfall
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morgan Hamill
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca Shorin
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily Calobrisi
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dinesh John
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles H. Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Buchan DS, McLellan G. Comparing physical activity estimates in children from hip-worn Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers using raw and counts based processing methods. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:779-787. [PMID: 30311839 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1527198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined differences in physical activity (PA) estimates provided from raw and counts processing methods. One hundred and sixty-five children (87 girls) wore a hip-mounted ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer for 7 days. Data were available for 129 participants. Time in moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA) and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) were calculated using R-package GGIR and ActiLife. Participants meeting the wear time criteria for both processing methods were included in the analysis. Time spent in MPA (-21.4 min.d-1, 95%CI -21 to -20) and VPA (-36 min.d-1, 95%CI -40 to -33) from count data were higher (P < 0.001) than raw data. Time spent in MVPA between the two processing methods revealed significant differences (All P < 0.001). Bland-Altman plots suggest that the mean bias for time spent in MPA, VPA and MVPA were large when comparing raw and count methods. Equivalence tests showed that estimates from raw and count processing methods across all activity intensities lacked equivalence. Lack of equivalence and poor agreement between raw and count processing methods suggest the two approaches to estimate PA are not comparable. Further work to facilitate the comparison of findings between studies that process and report raw and count physical activity data may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan S Buchan
- a Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science , The University of the West of Scotland , South Lanarkshire , UK
| | - Gillian McLellan
- a Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science , The University of the West of Scotland , South Lanarkshire , UK
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Larsen B, Benitez T, Cano M, Dunsiger SS, Marcus BH, Mendoza-Vasconez A, Sallis JF, Zive M. Web-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Latina Adolescents: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Potential Efficacy of the Niñas Saludables Study. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e170. [PMID: 29743151 PMCID: PMC5966649 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.9206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is markedly low in Latina adolescents, yet few physical activity interventions have been attempted in this population. Web-based interventions can incorporate theory-based components, be appealing to adolescents, and have potential for low-cost dissemination. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a Web-based physical activity intervention for Latina adolescents in a single-arm pilot trial. METHODS A total of 21 Latina adolescents (aged 12-18 years) who could read and write in English and were underactive (<90 min/week) participated in a 12-week, theory-informed Web-based physical activity intervention. The intervention website was modified from a previous Web-based intervention for Latina adults. Web content was individually tailored based on the responses to monthly questionnaires. Feasibility was measured by recruitment, retention, and adherence/engagement, and acceptability was measured by satisfaction surveys. Physical activity was measured at baseline and follow-up (12 weeks) using the 7-day physical activity recall (PAR) interview and accelerometers. RESULTS Baseline activity as measured by the 7-day PAR and accelerometers was 24.7 (SD 26.11) and 24.8 (SD 38.3) min/week, respectively. At 12 weeks, 19 participants (90%, 19/21) returned. Adherence and engagement with materials were low, but 72% (15/21) of the participants indicated that they were satisfied with the intervention. Activity at 12 weeks increased by 58.8 (SD 11.33) min/week measured by the 7-day PAR (P<.001). Accelerometer-measured activity did not increase. Activities reported at follow-up were more varied than at baseline, including some activities measured poorly by accelerometers (eg, biking and swimming). Participants suggested simplifying the website and incorporating other technologies. CONCLUSIONS Good retention and increases in self-reported activity suggest a promising approach to delivering a physical activity intervention to Latina adolescents. Incorporating other technologies, such as smartphone apps, could make the intervention more engaging, acceptable, and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Larsen
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tanya Benitez
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mayra Cano
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Shira S Dunsiger
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Bess H Marcus
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Andrea Mendoza-Vasconez
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - James F Sallis
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Zive
- Center for Community Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Development: Protocol for a 15-Year Longitudinal Follow-Up Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8568459. [PMID: 29094050 PMCID: PMC5637843 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8568459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between physical activity as assessed by accelerometers and cognitive development across the human age ranges (from children and adolescents to adults). Additionally, this study seeks to explore whether physical activity contributes to cognitive development via modification of plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In the study, 500 preschool children (3.5–5.5 years old) are taking part in 6 triennial assessment waves over the span of 15 years. At each wave, participant measures included (a) 7-day physical activity monitoring using ActiGraph's GT3X accelerometers, (b) the evaluation of cognitive development, (c) anthropometric and physical fitness assessments, (d) plasma IGF-1 and BDNF concentrations, and (e) retrospective questionnaires. Linear regression models are used to examine the effect of physical activity on cognitive development; plasma IGF-1 and BDNF concentrations are considered as mediators into data analyses. The results of the study may help to inform future health interventions that utilize physical activity as a means to improve cognitive development in children, adolescents, and adults. Additionally, the study may assist in determining whether the putative effects occur via modification of plasma IGF-1 or BDNF concentrations.
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Schwaneberg T, Weymar F, Ulbricht S, Dörr M, Hoffmann W, van den Berg N. Relationship between objectively measured intensity of physical activity and self-reported enjoyment of physical activity. Prev Med Rep 2017; 7:162-168. [PMID: 28702313 PMCID: PMC5496199 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is an important factor for the maintenance of health. Enjoyment of physical activity is essential to motivate persons to engage in sufficient physical activity. We examined whether self-reported enjoyment of PA is associated with objective measurement of the intensity of PA. A cardiovascular examination program was provided for individuals aged 40-75 years without a history of cardiovascular events in Greifswald, Germany between 2012 and 2013. Participants (n = 255) were asked to wear a three-axial accelerometer device (ActiGraph, GT3X +, Pensacola, Florida, USA) for 7 consecutive days. After wearing the device, the participants were asked to complete the 18-item self-administered physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES). Participants' (n = 200) daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and their enjoyment of PA were analysed in a linear regression approach. The mean age of the participants was 56.3 ± 9.7 years, 41.0% were male. The average MVPA duration was 44.4 ± 27.3 min per day. In the regression analysis, enjoyment of PA was positively associated with MVPA (β = 0.18, 95% CI (0.05; 0.31), p = 0.009), participants with higher enjoyment of PA showed higher MVPA. We found a positive association between MVPA and enjoyment of PA, although for male participants only. Between bouted MVPA and enjoyment of PA there was no significant relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Schwaneberg
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Franziska Weymar
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabina Ulbricht
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine and Prevention, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Neeltje van den Berg
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
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Armbrust W, Bos GJ, Geertzen JH, Sauer PJ, Dijkstra PU, Lelieveld OT. Measuring Physical Activity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Activity Diary Versus Accelerometer. J Rheumatol 2017; 44:1249-1256. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.160671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective.(1) To determine convergent validity of an activity diary (AD) and accelerometer (Actical brand/Phillips-Respironics) in measuring physical activity (PA) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). (2) To determine how many days give reliable results. (3) To analyze effects of correcting accelerometer data for non-wear.Methods.Patients with JIA (8–13 yrs) were recruited from 3 Dutch pediatric rheumatology centers. PA was assessed for 7 days with an AD and accelerometer, and was expressed as mean min/day of rest, light PA (LPA), moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and PA level (PAL). To analyze convergent validity, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated and paired sample Student t tests were performed. The required number of days to achieve reliable results was calculated using the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula.Results.Convergent validity between AD and accelerometer was moderate for rest and PAL (ICC 0.41). ICC for LPA and MVPA were < 0.24. AD overestimated PAL and MVPA compared with the accelerometer. Wearing the accelerometer 7–19 days gave reliable PA estimates on group and individual levels. For the AD, 13–36 days were needed. Adjusting accelerometer data for non-wear resulted in a clinically relevant higher mean number of min/day spent in LPA (effect size 1.12), but not in MVPA (effect size 0.44).Conclusion.Convergent validity between AD and accelerometer is moderate to poor. In children with JIA, 1-week assessment with an accelerometer is sufficient to measure PA (all levels) reliably. On an individual level and for clinical use, 3 weeks are required. Additional use of AD enables correction for non-wear of accelerometer data.
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Trait emotional intelligence questionnaire full-form and short-form versions: Links with sport participation frequency and duration and type of sport practiced. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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