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Rocha GS, Freire MAM, Paiva KM, Oliveira RF, Morais PLAG, Santos JR, Cavalcanti JRLP. The neurobiological effects of senescence on dopaminergic system: A comprehensive review. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 137:102415. [PMID: 38521203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Over time, the body undergoes a natural, multifactorial, and ongoing process named senescence, which induces changes at the molecular, cellular, and micro-anatomical levels in many body systems. The brain, being a highly complex organ, is particularly affected by this process, potentially impairing its numerous functions. The brain relies on chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters to function properly, with dopamine being one of the most crucial. This catecholamine is responsible for a broad range of critical roles in the central nervous system, including movement, learning, cognition, motivation, emotion, reward, hormonal release, memory consolidation, visual performance, sexual drive, modulation of circadian rhythms, and brain development. In the present review, we thoroughly examine the impact of senescence on the dopaminergic system, with a primary focus on the classic delimitations of the dopaminergic nuclei from A8 to A17. We provide in-depth information about their anatomy and function, particularly addressing how senescence affects each of these nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Rocha
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Itabaiana, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurelio M Freire
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Itabaiana, Brazil
| | - Karina M Paiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Paulo Leonardo A G Morais
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, Brazil
| | - José Ronaldo Santos
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Itabaiana, Brazil
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2
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Almeida MF, Farizatto KLG, Almeida RS, Bahr BA. Lifestyle strategies to promote proteostasis and reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease and other proteinopathies. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102162. [PMID: 38070831 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle choices, poor diet, and aging can have negative influences on cognition, gradually increasing the risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the continuum comprising early dementia. Aging is the greatest risk factor for age-related dementias such as Alzheimer's disease, and the aging process is known to be influenced by life events that can positively or negatively affect age-related diseases. Remarkably, life experiences that make the brain vulnerable to dementia, such as seizure episodes, neurotoxin exposures, metabolic disorders, and trauma-inducing events (e.g. traumatic injuries or mild neurotrauma from a fall or blast exposure), have been associated with negative effects on proteostasis and synaptic integrity. Functional compromise of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, a major contributor to proteostasis, has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, obesity-related pathology, Huntington's disease, as well as in synaptic degeneration which is the best correlate of cognitive decline. Correspondingly, pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies that positively modulate lysosomal proteases are recognized as synaptoprotective through degradative clearance of pathogenic proteins. Here, we discuss life-associated vulnerabilities that influence key hallmarks of brain aging and the increased burden of age-related dementias. Additionally, we discuss exercise and diet among the lifestyle strategies that regulate proteostasis as well as synaptic integrity, leading to evident prevention of cognitive deficits during brain aging in pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Almeida
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA; Department of Biology & Marine Biology, and the Integrative, Comparative & Marine Biology Program, University of North Carolina - Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Karen L G Farizatto
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Renato S Almeida
- Department of Biosciences, University of Taubate, Taubate, SP 12020-270, Brazil
| | - Ben A Bahr
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA.
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3
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Goenawan H, Kiasati S, Sylviana N, Megantara I, Lesmana R. Exercise-Induced Autophagy Ameliorates Motor Symptoms Progressivity in Parkinson's Disease Through Alpha-Synuclein Degradation: A Review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1253-1262. [PMID: 37255530 PMCID: PMC10226548 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s401416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reviews the molecular mechanism of exercise-induced autophagy/mitophagy and its possible mechanism in delaying motor symptoms progressivity in Parkinson's disease (PD). Relevant articles obtained from PubMed and EBSCOhost were reviewed. After analyzing the articles, it was found that autophagy can be induced by exercise and can possibly be activated through the AMPK-ULK1 pathway. Mitophagy can also be induced by exercise and can possibly be activated through PINK1/Parkin pathway and AMPK-dependent pathway. Moreover, exercise-induced autophagy can decrease the accumulation of toxic α-synuclein aggregates in PD and therefore can delay motor symptoms progressivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Goenawan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Shabrina Kiasati
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nova Sylviana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Imam Megantara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Ebrahimzadeh Peer M, Fallahmohammadi Z, Akbari A. The effect of progressive endurance training and extract of black winter truffle on proteins levels and expression of hippocampus α-synuclein and HSF1 in the healthy and diabetic rats. Metabol Open 2023; 17:100232. [PMID: 36785616 PMCID: PMC9918783 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The research aimed to investigate the effect of endurance running and T. Brumale extract on α-Syn and HSF1 in the brain and serum of healthy and diabetic rats. Methods A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups: Control (C), Exercise (E), Control-Tuber (T), Exercise-Tuber (ET), Control-Diabetes (D), Exercise-Diabetes (ED), Control-Diabetes-Tuber (CDT), and Exercise-Diabetes-Tuber (EDT). The endurance running was carried out five times per week for five weeks. The hippocampus and the serum α-Syn and HSF1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results The brain α-Syn levels were higher in diabetic groups than in the healthy groups, but insignificantly (P ≤ 0.05). The brain α-Syn level significantly increased in the EDT group compared to the T group (P ≤ 0.05). The serum level of α-Syn in the ED group was significantly higher than in the E and D groups (P ≤ 0.05). The brain HSF1 level was significantly higher in the ED group compared to the D group (P ≤ 0.05). The gene expression of hsf1 was significantly reduced in the E group compared to the other groups and the EDT group compared to ED and CDT groups (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the serum HSF1 level significantly increased in the ED group compared to the D group (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that progressive endurance running may improve neuroprotective conditions in diabetic patients by increasing HSF1 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ebrahimzadeh Peer
- Exercise Physiology Department, Sports Sciences Faculty, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran Province, Iran
| | - Ziya Fallahmohammadi
- Exercise Physiology Department, Sports Sciences Faculty, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran Province, Iran,Corresponding author
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Physiology Department, Veterinary Medicine School, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Fars Province, Iran
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Liao Q, He J, Huang K. Physical activities and risk of neurodegenerative diseases: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:991140. [PMID: 36212040 PMCID: PMC9541335 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.991140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Physical activity (PA) is considered beneficial in slowing the progression and improving the neurodegenerative disease prognosis. However, the association between PA and neurodegenerative diseases remains unknown. In this study, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to estimate the causal association between PA phenotypes and neurodegenerative diseases. Materials and methods Genetic variants robustly associated with PA phenotypes, used as instrumental variables, were extracted from public genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), were considered outcomes. GWAS information was also obtained from the most recent large population study of individuals with European ancestry. Multiple MR methods, pleiotropy tests and sensitivity analyses were performed to obtain a robust and valid estimation. Results We found a positive association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activities and ALS based on the inverse variance weighted MR analysis method (OR: 2.507, 95% CI: 1.218-5.160, p = 0.013). The pleiotropy test and sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness and validity of these MR results. No causal effects of PA phenotypes were found on PD and AD. Conclusion Our study indicates a causal effect of PA on the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Genetically predicted increases in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous PA participation could increase the risk of ALS in individuals of European ancestry. Precise and individualized prescriptions of physical activity should be provided to the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Apoptosis-Inducing Factor Deficiency Induces Tissue-Specific Alterations in Autophagy: Insights from a Preclinical Model of Mitochondrial Disease and Exercise Training Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030510. [PMID: 35326160 PMCID: PMC8944439 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) deficiency, as well as those of an exercise training intervention on autophagy across tissues (heart, skeletal muscle, cerebellum and brain), that are primarily affected by mitochondrial diseases, using a preclinical model of these conditions, the Harlequin (Hq) mouse. Autophagy markers were analyzed in: (i) 2, 3 and 6 month-old male wild-type (WT) and Hq mice, and (ii) WT and Hq male mice that were allocated to an exercise training or sedentary group. The exercise training started upon onset of the first symptoms of ataxia in Hq mice and lasted for 8 weeks. Higher content of autophagy markers and free amino acids, and lower levels of sarcomeric proteins were found in the skeletal muscle and heart of Hq mice, suggesting increased protein catabolism. Leupeptin-treatment demonstrated normal autophagic flux in the Hq heart and the absence of mitophagy. In the cerebellum and brain, a lower abundance of Beclin 1 and ATG16L was detected, whereas higher levels of the autophagy substrate p62 and LAMP1 levels were observed in the cerebellum. The exercise intervention did not counteract the autophagy alterations found in any of the analyzed tissues. In conclusion, AIF deficiency induces tissue-specific alteration of autophagy in the Hq mouse, with accumulation of autophagy markers and free amino acids in the heart and skeletal muscle, but lower levels of autophagy-related proteins in the cerebellum and brain. Exercise intervention, at least if starting when muscle atrophy and neurological symptoms are already present, is not sufficient to mitigate autophagy perturbations.
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Caponio D, Veverová K, Zhang SQ, Shi L, Wong G, Vyhnalek M, Fang EF. Compromised autophagy and mitophagy in brain ageing and Alzheimer's diseases. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2:100056. [PMID: 36908880 PMCID: PMC9997167 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most persistent and devastating neurodegenerative disorders of old age, and is characterized clinically by an insidious onset and a gradual, progressive deterioration of cognitive abilities, ranging from loss of memory to impairment of judgement and reasoning. Despite years of research, an effective cure is still not available. Autophagy is the cellular 'garbage' clearance system which plays fundamental roles in neurogenesis, neuronal development and activity, and brain health, including memory and learning. A selective sub-type of autophagy is mitophagy which recognizes and degrades damaged or superfluous mitochondria to maintain a healthy and necessary cellular mitochondrial pool. However, emerging evidence from animal models and human samples suggests an age-dependent reduction of autophagy and mitophagy, which are also compromised in AD. Upregulation of autophagy/mitophagy slows down memory loss and ameliorates clinical features in animal models of AD. In this review, we give an overview of autophagy and mitophagy and their link to the progression of AD. We also summarize approaches to upregulate autophagy/mitophagy. We hypothesize that age-dependent compromised autophagy/mitophagy is a cause of brain ageing and a risk factor for AD, while restoration of autophagy/mitophagy to more youthful levels could return the brain to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Caponio
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kateřina Veverová
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shi-Qi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Liu Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford (NNRCO)
| | - Garry Wong
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.,The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
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8
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Sutkowy P, Woźniak A, Mila-Kierzenkowska C, Szewczyk-Golec K, Wesołowski R, Pawłowska M, Nuszkiewicz J. Physical Activity vs. Redox Balance in the Brain: Brain Health, Aging and Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010095. [PMID: 35052600 PMCID: PMC8773223 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proven that physical exercise improves cognitive function and memory, has an analgesic and antidepressant effect, and delays the aging of the brain and the development of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. There are even attempts to use physical activity in the treatment of mental diseases. The course of most diseases is strictly associated with oxidative stress, which can be prevented or alleviated with regular exercise. It has been proven that physical exercise helps to maintain the oxidant–antioxidant balance. In this review, we present the current knowledge on redox balance in the organism and the consequences of its disruption, while focusing mainly on the brain. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of physical activity on aging and brain diseases, and present current recommendations and directions for further research in this area.
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Nieto-Torres JL, Hansen M. Macroautophagy and aging: The impact of cellular recycling on health and longevity. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 82:101020. [PMID: 34507801 PMCID: PMC8671213 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with many deleterious changes at the cellular level, including the accumulation of potentially toxic components that can have devastating effects on health. A key protective mechanism to this end is the cellular recycling process called autophagy. During autophagy, damaged or surplus cellular components are delivered to acidic vesicles called lysosomes, that secure degradation and recycling of the components. Numerous links between autophagy and aging exist. Autophagy declines with age, and increasing evidence suggests that this reduction plays important roles in both physiological aging and the development of age-associated disorders. Studies in pharmacologically and genetically manipulated model organisms indicate that defects in autophagy promote age-related diseases, and conversely, that enhancement of autophagy has beneficial effects on both healthspan and lifespan. Here, we review our current understanding of the role of autophagy in different physiological processes and their molecular links with aging and age-related diseases. We also highlight some recent advances in the field that could accelerate the development of autophagy-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Nieto-Torres
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute. Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute. Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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10
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Ferreira AFF, Binda KH, Real CC. The effects of treadmill exercise in animal models of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1056-1075. [PMID: 34688727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disabling brain disorder. Physical exercise has been shown to alleviate the symptoms of PD and, consequently, improve patient quality of life. Exercise mechanisms involved in beneficial effects on PD have been widely investigated. This study aims to systematically review the literature on the use of treadmill exercise in PD animal models. The study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI databases. In total, 78 studies were included. The dopaminergic system, behavior, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, mitochondria, and musculoskeletal systems were some of the outcomes evaluated by the selected studies. Based on the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation (SYRCLE) RoB tool, the methodologies revealed a high risk of bias and lack of information about study design, which needs attention for data reproducibility. This review can guide future studies that aim to fill existing gaps regarding the effects of treadmill exercise in PD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia F Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Ajoolabady A, Wang S, Kroemer G, Penninger JM, Uversky VN, Pratico D, Henninger N, Reiter RJ, Bruno A, Joshipura K, Aslkhodapasandhokmabad H, Klionsky DJ, Ren J. Targeting autophagy in ischemic stroke: From molecular mechanisms to clinical therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107848. [PMID: 33823204 PMCID: PMC8263472 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Stroke constitutes the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Stroke is normally classified as either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (HS) although 87% of cases belong to ischemic nature. Approximately 700,000 individuals suffer an ischemic stroke (IS) in the US each year. Recent evidence has denoted a rather pivotal role for defective macroautophagy/autophagy in the pathogenesis of IS. Cellular response to stroke includes autophagy as an adaptive mechanism that alleviates cellular stresses by removing long-lived or damaged organelles, protein aggregates, and surplus cellular components via the autophagosome-lysosomal degradation process. In this context, autophagy functions as an essential cellular process to maintain cellular homeostasis and organismal survival. However, unchecked or excessive induction of autophagy has been perceived to be detrimental and its contribution to neuronal cell death remains largely unknown. In this review, we will summarize the role of autophagy in IS, and discuss potential strategies, particularly, employment of natural compounds for IS treatment through manipulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Shuyi Wang
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; School of Medicine Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
| | - Domenico Pratico
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Nils Henninger
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Askiel Bruno
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kaumudi Joshipura
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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12
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Ajoolabady A, Aslkhodapasandhokmabad H, Henninger N, Demillard LJ, Nikanfar M, Nourazarian A, Ren J. Targeting autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases: From molecular mechanisms to clinical therapeutics. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:943-953. [PMID: 33752254 PMCID: PMC8204470 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases are associated with pathological aggregation of proteins in neurons. Autophagy is a natural self-cannibalization process that can act as a powerful mechanism to remove aged and damaged organelles as well as protein aggregates. It has been shown that promoting autophagy can attenuate or delay neurodegeneration by removing protein aggregates. In this paper, we will review the role of autophagy in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), and Huntington's Disease (HD) and discuss opportunities and challenges of targeting autophagy as a potential therapeutic avenue for treatment of these common neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nils Henninger
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Laurie J. Demillard
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071 USA
| | - Masoud Nikanfar
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071 USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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13
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Summers RLS, Rafferty MR, Howell MJ, MacKinnon CD. Motor Dysfunction in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: A Rehabilitation Framework for Prodromal Synucleinopathy. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021; 35:611-621. [PMID: 33978530 PMCID: PMC8225559 DOI: 10.1177/15459683211011238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) and other related diseases with α-synuclein pathology are associated with a long prodromal or preclinical stage of disease. Predictive models based on diagnosis of idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) make it possible to identify people in the prodromal stage of synucleinopathy who have a high probability of future disease and provide an opportunity to implement neuroprotective therapies. However, rehabilitation providers may be unaware of iRBD and the motor abnormalities that indicate early motor system dysfunction related to α-synuclein pathology. Furthermore, there is no existing rehabilitation framework to guide early interventions for people with iRBD. The purpose of this work is to (1) review extrapyramidal signs of motor system dysfunction in people with iRBD and (2) propose a framework for early protective or preventive therapies in prodromal synucleinopathy using iRBD as a predictive marker. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies indicate that the earliest emerging motor deficits in iRBD are bradykinesia, deficits performing activities of daily living, and abnormalities in speech, gait, and posture. These deficits may emerge up to 12 years before a diagnosis of synucleinopathy. The proposed rehabilitation framework for iRBD includes early exercise-based interventions of aerobic exercise, progressive resistance training, and multimodal exercise with rehabilitation consultations to address exercise prescription, progression, and monitoring. This rehabilitation framework may be used to implement neuroprotective, multidisciplinary, and proactive clinical care in people with a high likelihood of conversion to PD, dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple systems atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam R. Rafferty
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
| | - Michael J. Howell
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Colum D. MacKinnon
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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14
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Miller KM, Mercado NM, Sortwell CE. Synucleinopathy-associated pathogenesis in Parkinson's disease and the potential for brain-derived neurotrophic factor. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:35. [PMID: 33846345 PMCID: PMC8041900 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lack of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is in part due to an incomplete understanding of the disease’s etiology. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) has become a point of focus in PD due to its connection to both familial and idiopathic cases—specifically its localization to Lewy bodies (LBs), a pathological hallmark of PD. Within this review, we will present a comprehensive overview of the data linking synuclein-associated Lewy pathology with intracellular dysfunction. We first present the alterations in neuronal proteins and transcriptome associated with LBs in postmortem human PD tissue. We next compare these findings to those associated with LB-like inclusions initiated by in vitro exposure to α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) and highlight the profound and relatively unique reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in this model. Finally, we discuss the multitude of ways in which BDNF offers the potential to exert disease-modifying effects on the basal ganglia. What remains unknown is the potential for BDNF to mitigate inclusion-associated dysfunction within the context of synucleinopathy. Collectively, this review reiterates the merit of using the PFF model as a tool to understand the physiological changes associated with LBs, while highlighting the neuroprotective potential of harnessing endogenous BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Miller
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Natosha M Mercado
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA. .,Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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15
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Andreotti DZ, Silva JDN, Matumoto AM, Orellana AM, de Mello PS, Kawamoto EM. Effects of Physical Exercise on Autophagy and Apoptosis in Aged Brain: Human and Animal Studies. Front Nutr 2020; 7:94. [PMID: 32850930 PMCID: PMC7399146 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is characterized by a series of molecular and cellular changes over the years that could culminate in the deterioration of physiological parameters important to keeping an organism alive and healthy. Physical exercise, defined as planned, structured and repetitive physical activity, has been an important force to alter physiology and brain development during the process of human beings' evolution. Among several aspects of aging, the aim of this review is to discuss the balance between two vital cellular processes such as autophagy and apoptosis, based on the fact that physical exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy seems to rescue the imbalance between autophagy and apoptosis during aging. Therefore, the effects of different types or modalities of physical exercise in humans and animals, and the benefits of each of them on aging, will be discussed as a possible preventive strategy against neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zukas Andreotti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josiane do Nascimento Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Midori Matumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Orellana
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paloma Segura de Mello
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Kwon I, Jang Y, Lee Y. Endurance Exercise-Induced Autophagy/Mitophagy Coincides with a Reinforced Anabolic State and Increased Mitochondrial Turnover in the Cortex of Young Male Mouse Brain. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:42-54. [PMID: 32535714 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy/mitophagy, a cellular catabolic process necessary for sustaining normal cellular function, has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy against numerous obstinate diseases. In this regard, endurance exercise (EXE)-induced autophagy/mitophagy (EIAM) has been considered as a potential health-enriching factor in various tissues including the brain; however, underlying mechanisms of EIAM in the brain has not been fully defined yet. This study investigated the molecular signaling nexus of EIAM pathways in the cortex of the brain. C57BL/6 young male mice were randomly assigned to a control group (CON, n = 12) and an endurance exercise group (EXE, n = 12). Our data demonstrated that exercise-induced autophagy coincided with an enhanced anabolic state (p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-p70S6K); furthermore, mitophagy concurred with enhanced mitochondrial turnover: increases in both fission (DRP1, BNIP3, and PINK1) and fusion (OPA1 and MFN2) proteins. In addition, neither oxidative stress nor sirtuins (SIRT) 1 and 3 were associated with EIAM; instead, the activation of AMPK as well as a JNK-BCL2 axis was linked to EIAM promotion. Collectively, our results demonstrated that EXE-induced anabolic enrichment did not hinder autophagy/mitophagy and that the concurrent augmentation of mitochondrial fusion and fusion process contributed to sustaining mitophagy in the cortex of the brain. Our findings suggest that the EXE-induced concomitant potentiation of the catabolic and anabolic state is a unique molecular mechanism that simultaneously contributes to recycling and rebuilding the cellular structure, leading to upholding healthy cellular environment. Thus, the current study provides a novel autophagy/mitophagy mechanism, from which groundbreaking pharmacological strategies of autophagy can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Kwon
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Bldg.72, Pensacola, FL, 32514, USA
| | - Yongchul Jang
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Bldg.72, Pensacola, FL, 32514, USA
| | - Youngil Lee
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Bldg.72, Pensacola, FL, 32514, USA.
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17
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Neuroplasticity and Neuroprotective Effect of Treadmill Training in the Chronic Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:8215017. [PMID: 31073303 PMCID: PMC6470436 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8215017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical training confers protection to dopaminergic neurons in rodent models of parkinsonism produced by neurotoxins. The sparing effect of physical training on dopaminergic neurons can be tested with training applied during chronic MPTP treatment, while the neurorestorative effect when training is applied after completing such treatment. In this study, the effect of the onset of training respective to chronic MPTP treatment was specifically addressed. Three groups of mice were injected with 10 doses of MPTP (12.5 mg/kg/injection) over 5 weeks. The first group remained sedentary; the second one underwent early onset training, which started 1 week before commencing MPTP treatment, continued throughout 5 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks thereafter; the third group underwent late-onset training of the same length and intensity as the former group, except that it started immediately after the end of MPTP treatment. Two groups served as controls: a saline-injected group that remained sedentary and saline-injected group, which underwent the same training as the early and late-onset training groups. Both early and late-onset physical training saved almost all nigral and VTA dopaminergic neurons, prevented inflammatory response, and increased the BDNF and GDNF levels to a similar extent. From these results one may conclude that early and late-onset training schedules were equipotent in their neuroprotective effect and that the mechanism of neuroprotection was similar. The sparing effect of early onset training may be satisfactorily explained by assuming that the increased level of BDNF and GDNF prevented the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. To explain a similar number of dopaminergic neurons detected at the end of the early and late-onset training, one should additionally assume that the former training schedule induced neurogenesis. Results of this study support the view that physical activity may be neuroprotective even at a more advanced stage of PD and justify starting physical activity at any point of the disease.
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18
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The beneficial roles of exercise training via autophagy in neurological diseases and possible mechanisms. Life Sci 2019; 221:130-134. [PMID: 30769113 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conservative catabolism process, participating in delivering the cytosol and cytosolic components to the lysosome. Abnormal autophagy is related to human pathologies, for instance diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular, macular degeneration, pulmonary, and cancer. Enormous evidences indicate that autophagy may mediate the cellular pathological condition in the process of neurological diseases. Exercise as a form of physiological stress may cause an adaptation, and autophagy is a necessary process for adaptational response to exercise. Autophagy during exercise may improve neurological function, control tissue maintain tissue integrity, and activate different signals pathway for adaptation. In this review, we summarize the possible mechanisms of exercise training via autophagy in neurological diseases.
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19
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Brain ageing and neurodegenerative disease: The role of cellular waste management. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:207-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Melo KP, Silva CM, Almeida MF, Chaves RS, Marcourakis T, Cardoso SM, Demasi M, Netto LES, Ferrari MFR. Mild Exercise Differently Affects Proteostasis and Oxidative Stress on Motor Areas During Neurodegeneration: A Comparative Study of Three Treadmill Running Protocols. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:410-420. [PMID: 30276717 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteostasis and oxidative stress were evaluated in motor cortex and spinal cord of aged Lewis rats exposed to 1 mg/kg/day of rotenone during 4 or 8 weeks, prior or after practicing three protocols of mild treadmill running. Results demonstrated that exercise done after the beginning of neurodegeneration reverted the increased oxidative stress (measured by H2O2 levels and SOD activity), increased neuron strength, and improved proteostasis in motor cortex. Spinal cord was not affected. Treadmill running practiced before neurodegeneration protected cortical motor neurons of the rotenone-exposed rats; but in this case, oxidative stress was not altered, whereas proteasome activity was increased and autophagy decreased. Spinal cord was not protected when exercise was practiced before neurodegeneration. Prolonged treadmill running (10 weeks) increased oxidative stress, autophagy, and proteasome activity, whereas neuron viability was decreased in motor cortex. In spinal cord, this protocol decreased oxidative stress and increased proteasome activity. Major conclusions were that treadmill running practiced before or after the beginning of neurodegeneration may protect motor cortex neurons, whereas prolonged mild running seems to be beneficial for spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla P Melo
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carolliny M Silva
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Michael F Almeida
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Chaves
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra M Cardoso
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marilene Demasi
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica e Biofisica, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Merari F R Ferrari
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
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