1
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Burkhardt E, Lemaitre AL, Ng S, Moritz-Gasser S, Hirsch F, Duffau H, Herbet G. Disruption of the left anterior ventrolateral temporal cortex along with the inferior longitudinal fasciculus impairs the ability to retrieve famous face names: Evidence from three longitudinal case studies. J Neuropsychol 2024; 18 Suppl 1:41-47. [PMID: 37138507 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The cortical distribution of the proper name (PN) retrieval network has been widely studied contrary to its connectional anatomy. Here, we report the case of three patients with a low-grade glioma damaging the mid-to-anterior part of the left temporal lobe. A longitudinal behavioural assessment showed that the surgery caused a long-lasting decline in PN retrieval performances in all patients. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of surgery-related structural disconnections revealed that interruption of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus was the unique common denominator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonor Burkhardt
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS, University of Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Lemaitre
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS, University of Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France
| | - Sam Ng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Moritz-Gasser
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS, University of Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Hirsch
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS, University of Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Herbet
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS, University of Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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2
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Desbordes T, Lakretz Y, Chanoine V, Oquab M, Badier JM, Trébuchon A, Carron R, Bénar CG, Dehaene S, King JR. Dimensionality and Ramping: Signatures of Sentence Integration in the Dynamics of Brains and Deep Language Models. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5350-5364. [PMID: 37217308 PMCID: PMC10359032 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1163-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A sentence is more than the sum of its words: its meaning depends on how they combine with one another. The brain mechanisms underlying such semantic composition remain poorly understood. To shed light on the neural vector code underlying semantic composition, we introduce two hypotheses: (1) the intrinsic dimensionality of the space of neural representations should increase as a sentence unfolds, paralleling the growing complexity of its semantic representation; and (2) this progressive integration should be reflected in ramping and sentence-final signals. To test these predictions, we designed a dataset of closely matched normal and jabberwocky sentences (composed of meaningless pseudo words) and displayed them to deep language models and to 11 human participants (5 men and 6 women) monitored with simultaneous MEG and intracranial EEG. In both deep language models and electrophysiological data, we found that representational dimensionality was higher for meaningful sentences than jabberwocky. Furthermore, multivariate decoding of normal versus jabberwocky confirmed three dynamic patterns: (1) a phasic pattern following each word, peaking in temporal and parietal areas; (2) a ramping pattern, characteristic of bilateral inferior and middle frontal gyri; and (3) a sentence-final pattern in left superior frontal gyrus and right orbitofrontal cortex. These results provide a first glimpse into the neural geometry of semantic integration and constrain the search for a neural code of linguistic composition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Starting from general linguistic concepts, we make two sets of predictions in neural signals evoked by reading multiword sentences. First, the intrinsic dimensionality of the representation should grow with additional meaningful words. Second, the neural dynamics should exhibit signatures of encoding, maintaining, and resolving semantic composition. We successfully validated these hypotheses in deep neural language models, artificial neural networks trained on text and performing very well on many natural language processing tasks. Then, using a unique combination of MEG and intracranial electrodes, we recorded high-resolution brain data from human participants while they read a controlled set of sentences. Time-resolved dimensionality analysis showed increasing dimensionality with meaning, and multivariate decoding allowed us to isolate the three dynamical patterns we had hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Desbordes
- Meta AI Research, Paris 75002, France; and Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit NeuroSpin center, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yair Lakretz
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit NeuroSpin center, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Valérie Chanoine
- Institute of Language, Communication and the Brain, Aix-en-Provence, 13100, France; and Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LPL, Aix-en-Provence, 13100, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Badier
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CNRS, LPL, Aix-en-Provence 13100; and Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Agnès Trébuchon
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CNRS, LPL, Aix-en-Provence 13100, France; and Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France; and Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Timone hospital, Epileptology and Cerebral Rythmology, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Romain Carron
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CNRS, LPL, Aix-en-Provence 13100, France; and Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France; and Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Timone hospital, Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Christian-G Bénar
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CNRS, LPL, Aix-en-Provence 13100, France; and Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Stanislas Dehaene
- Université Paris Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, NeuroSpin center, Saclay, 91191, France; and Collège de France, PSL University, Paris, 75231, France
| | - Jean-Rémi King
- Meta AI Research, Paris 75002, France; and Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit NeuroSpin center, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- LSP, École normale supérieure, PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres) University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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3
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Burkhardt E, Zemmoura I, Hirsch F, Lemaitre AL, Deverdun J, Moritz-Gasser S, Duffau H, Herbet G. The central role of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus in the face-name retrieval network. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:3254-3270. [PMID: 37051699 PMCID: PMC10171495 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Unsuccessful retrieval of proper names (PNs) is commonly observed in patients suffering from neurological conditions such as stroke or epilepsy. While a large body of works has suggested that PN retrieval relies on a cortical network centered on the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL), much less is known about the white matter connections underpinning this process. Sparse studies provided evidence for a possible role of the uncinate fasciculus, but the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) might also contribute, since it mainly projects into the ATL, interconnects it with the posterior lexical interface and is engaged in common name (CN) retrieval. To ascertain this hypothesis, we assessed 58 patients having undergone a neurosurgery for a left low-grade glioma by means of a famous face naming (FFN) task. The behavioural data were processed following a multilevel lesion approach, including location-based analyses, voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) and disconnection-symptom mapping. Different statistical models were generated to control for sociodemographic data, familiarity, biographical knowledge and control cognitive performances (i.e., semantic and episodic memory and CN retrieval). Overall, VLSM analyses indicated that damage to the mid-to-anterior part of the ventro-basal temporal cortex was especially associated with PN retrieval deficits. As expected, tract-oriented analyses showed that the left ILF was the most strongly associated pathway. Our results provide evidence for the pivotal role of the ILF in the PN retrieval network. This novel finding paves the way for a better understanding of the pathophysiological bases underlying PN retrieval difficulties in the various neurological conditions marked by white matter abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonor Burkhardt
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS & Paul Valéry University, Montpellier, France
| | - Ilyess Zemmoura
- UMR1253, iBrain, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bretonneau Hospital, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Fabrice Hirsch
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS & Paul Valéry University, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Lemaitre
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremy Deverdun
- Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
- I2FH, Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Moritz-Gasser
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Herbet
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS & Paul Valéry University, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
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4
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Desai RH, Tadimeti U, Riccardi N. Proper and common names in the semantic system. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:239-254. [PMID: 36372812 PMCID: PMC10171918 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Proper names are an important part of language and communication. They are thought to have a special status due to their neuropsychological and psycholinguistic profile. To what extent proper names rely on the same semantic system as common names is not clear. In an fMRI study, we presented the same group of participants with both proper and common names to compare the associated activations. Both person and place names, as well as personally familiar and famous names were used, and compared with words representing concrete and abstract concepts. A whole-brain analysis was followed by a detailed analysis of subdivisions of four regions of interest known to play a central role in the semantic system: angular gyrus, anterior temporal lobe, posterior cingulate complex, and medial temporal lobe. We found that most subdivisions within these regions bilaterally were activated by both proper names and common names. The bilateral perirhinal and right entorhinal cortex showed a response specific to proper names, suggesting an item-specific role in retrieving person and place related information. While activation to person and place names overlapped greatly, place names were differentiated by activating areas associated with spatial memory and navigation. Person names showed greater right hemisphere involvement compared to places, suggesting a wider range of associations. Personally familiar names showed stronger activation bilaterally compared to famous names, indicating representations that are enhanced by autobiographic and episodic details. Both proper and common names are processed in the wider semantic system that contains associative, episodic, and spatial components. Processing of proper names is characterized by a somewhat stronger involvement these components, rather than by a fundamentally different system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutvik H Desai
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA.
- Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA.
| | - Usha Tadimeti
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Nicholas Riccardi
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
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5
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Koay JM, Blackmon KE, Middlebrooks EH, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Chaichana KL, Feyissa AM, Grewal SS, Sabsevitz DS. Examining the role of the uncinate fasciculus in proper noun naming: awake brain tumor resections and stereo EEG targeted electrical stimulation multiple case study. Neurocase 2022; 28:439-447. [PMID: 36548912 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2160261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While there is strong evidence from lesion and functional imaging studies implicating the left anterior temporal pole (LTP) in naming unique entities, less is known about white matter tracts in category-specific naming. We present evidence that implicates the uncinate fasciculus (UF) in proper noun naming. First, we describe two patients with left LTP gliomas who developed category specific worsening in proper noun naming in real time during awake surgery when the UF was surgically involved . We then describe a third case involving targeted electrical stimulation of the UF using stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) that resulted in category specific naming disturbance for proper nouns..
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Min Koay
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Karen E Blackmon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Erik H Middlebrooks
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Anteneh M Feyissa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Sanjeet S Grewal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - David S Sabsevitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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6
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Fresnoza S, Mayer RM, Schneider KS, Christova M, Gallasch E, Ischebeck A. Modulation of proper name recall by transcranial direct current stimulation of the anterior temporal lobes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5735. [PMID: 35388106 PMCID: PMC8987057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We often fail to recall another person's name. Proper names might be more difficult to memorize and retrieve than other pieces of knowledge, such as one's profession because they are processed differently in the brain. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies associate the bilateral anterior temporal lobes (ATL) in the retrieval of proper names and other person-related knowledge. Specifically, recalling a person's name is thought to be supported by the left ATL, whereas recalling specific information such as a person's occupation is suggested to be subserved by the right ATL. To clarify and further explore the causal relationship between both ATLs and proper name retrieval, we stimulated these regions with anodal, cathodal and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) while the participants memorized surnames (e.g., Mr. Baker) and professions (e.g., baker) presented with a person’s face. The participants were then later asked to recall the surname and the profession. Left ATL anodal stimulation resulted in higher intrusion errors for surnames than sham, whereas right ATL anodal stimulation resulted in higher overall intrusion errors, both, surnames and professions, compared to cathodal stimulation. Cathodal stimulation of the left and right ATL had no significant effect on surname and profession recall. The results indicate that the left ATL plays a role in recalling proper names. On the other hand, the specific role of the right ATL remaines to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Fresnoza
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2/DG, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,BioTechMed, Graz, Austria.
| | - Rosa-Maria Mayer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2/DG, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Monica Christova
- Section of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute for Physiotherapy, University of Applied Sciences, FH-Joanneum, Graz, Austria
| | - Eugen Gallasch
- Section of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anja Ischebeck
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2/DG, 8010, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
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7
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Semenza C. Proper names and personal identity. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 187:287-302. [PMID: 35964978 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823493-8.00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present chapter reviews the body of knowledge acquired so far about the role of the temporal lobe in representing and processing proper names and individual identity information. This body of knowledge has been collected with the contribution of several methodologies, including neuroimaging, electrophysiological techniques, and, critically, clinical observations. All this evidence converges in showing that proper names and related information are processed in at least partially independent neural networks mainly placed in the anterior areas of the left temporal lobe. A description of the properties distinguishing proper names from common names is provided. These properties, it will be claimed, made a different anatomical organization necessary and, possibly, determined the evolution of the brain to support this advantageous distinction in meeting environmental demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Semenza
- Department of Neuroscience, Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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8
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Kaminski J, Bowren M, Manzel K, Tranel D. Neural correlates of recognition and naming of famous persons and landmarks: A special role for the left anterior temporal lobe. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 187:303-317. [PMID: 35964980 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823493-8.00023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) have been shown to be crucial for recognition and naming of unique entities such as persons and places. In this chapter, we review previous research that identified the neural underpinnings of these processes, and discuss the convergence zone theory of conceptual knowledge and proper name retrieval. Lesion-deficit and neuroimaging studies have found that the temporal poles are essential for recognition and naming of unique persons and places. Research has shown laterality, in that the right anterior temporal pole is specialized for recognition and the left for naming. Here, we analyzed recognition and naming of persons and landmarks in a large neurologic sample (N=244) using the Iowa Famous Faces and Famous Landmarks tests. For both categories, education had a significant effect on recognition and naming performances, but age and gender did not. Lesion-symptom maps revealed lower naming scores for both Faces and Landmarks associated with lesions to the anterior and mesial left temporal lobe. Lower recognition scores were also linked to left temporal lobe damage, possibly due to the method we used for measuring recognition (verbally based). Overall, the results demonstrate the importance of the temporal lobes for recognition and naming of unique persons and places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Kaminski
- Division of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Departments of Neurology and Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Mark Bowren
- Division of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Departments of Neurology and Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kenneth Manzel
- Division of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Departments of Neurology and Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Division of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Departments of Neurology and Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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9
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Derderian KD, Zhou X, Chen L. Category-specific activations depend on imaging mode, task demand, and stimuli modality: An ALE meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia 2021; 161:108002. [PMID: 34450136 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The cortical organization of the semantic network has been examined extensively in neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies; however, after decades of research, several issues remain controversial. A comprehensive and systematic investigation is needed to characterize the consistent patterns of category-specific activations as well as to examine factors that contribute to the varying findings across numerous neuroimaging studies. In this study, we reviewed 113 published papers that reported category-specific activations for living or nonliving concepts from the past two decades. Using the Activation Likelihood Estimate (ALE) method, we characterized the brain regions associated with living and nonliving concepts and revealed how the observed patterns were heavily influenced by methodological factors including imaging mode, task demand, and stimuli modality. Our findings provided the most comprehensive summary of category-specific activations for living and nonliving concepts and critically revealed that these activation patterns are highly contextually dependent. This work advanced our knowledge about the organization of the cortical semantic network and provided important insights into theoretical accounts and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaojue Zhou
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California at Irvine, United States
| | - Lang Chen
- Neuroscience Program, Santa Clara University, United States; Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, United States.
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10
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Autobiographical Memory Fluency Reductions in Cognitively Unimpaired Middle-Aged and Older Adults at Increased Risk for Alzheimer's Disease Dementia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2021; 27:905-915. [PMID: 33509324 PMCID: PMC8319219 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617720001319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research has revealed that cognitively unimpaired older adults who are at higher risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia often exhibit subtle cognitive alterations in their neuropsychological profiles. Emerging evidence suggests that autobiographical memory, which is memory for personal events and knowledge, may be sensitive to early AD-related cognitive alterations. In the present study, we investigated whether the rapid generation of autobiographical memory category exemplars, a retrieval process that taxes the neural network that is vulnerable to early AD, is compromised in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged and older carriers of the e4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4), which increases risk for AD dementia. METHODS In addition to standard neuropsychological tests, we administered a fluency task that requires generating exemplars for two types of autobiographical memory, namely episodic memories and personal semantics, to a group of cognitively unimpaired middle-aged and older adults (n = 45) enriched with APOE4 carriers (n = 20). RESULTS While no APOE4 deficits were found on standard neuropsychological tests, episodic and personal semantic exemplar generation was reduced in the APOE4 group. DISCUSSION Autobiographical memory aberrations associated with a higher risk for AD are evident in fluency and affect both episodic memory and personal semantics.
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11
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Drane DL, Pedersen NP, Sabsevitz DS, Block C, Dickey AS, Alwaki A, Kheder A. Cognitive and Emotional Mapping With SEEG. Front Neurol 2021; 12:627981. [PMID: 33912122 PMCID: PMC8072290 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.627981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mapping of cortical functions is critical for the best clinical care of patients undergoing epilepsy and tumor surgery, but also to better understand human brain function and connectivity. The purpose of this review is to explore existing and potential means of mapping higher cortical functions, including stimulation mapping, passive mapping, and connectivity analyses. We examine the history of mapping, differences between subdural and stereoelectroencephalographic approaches, and some risks and safety aspects, before examining different types of functional mapping. Much of this review explores the prospects for new mapping approaches to better understand other components of language, memory, spatial skills, executive, and socio-emotional functions. We also touch on brain-machine interfaces, philosophical aspects of aligning tasks to brain circuits, and the study of consciousness. We end by discussing multi-modal testing and virtual reality approaches to mapping higher cortical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Drane
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Epilepsy Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nigel P. Pedersen
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Epilepsy Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David S. Sabsevitz
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Cady Block
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Adam S. Dickey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Abdulrahman Alwaki
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ammar Kheder
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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12
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Bermúdez-Margaretto B, Beltrán D, Shtyrov Y, Dominguez A, Cuetos F. Neurophysiological Correlates of Top-Down Phonological and Semantic Influence during the Orthographic Processing of Novel Visual Word-Forms. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E717. [PMID: 33050157 PMCID: PMC7601445 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of new vocabulary is usually mediated by previous experience with language. In the visual domain, the representation of orthographically unfamiliar words at the phonological or conceptual levels may facilitate their orthographic learning. The neural correlates of this advantage were investigated by recording EEG activity during reading novel and familiar words across three different experiments (n = 22 each), manipulating the availability of previous knowledge on the novel written words. A different pattern of event-related potential (ERP) responses was found depending on the previous training, resembling cross-level top-down interactive effects during vocabulary acquisition. Thus, whereas previous phonological experience caused a modulation at the post-lexical stages of the visual recognition of novel written words (~520 ms), additional semantic training influenced their processing at a lexico-semantic stage (~320 ms). Moreover, early lexical differences (~180 ms) elicited in the absence of previous training did not emerge after both phonological and semantic training, reflecting similar orthographic processing and word-form access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bermúdez-Margaretto
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - David Beltrán
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain; (D.B.); (A.D.)
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Yury Shtyrov
- Institute for Clinical Medicine—Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Alberto Dominguez
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain; (D.B.); (A.D.)
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fernando Cuetos
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33001 Oviedo, Spain;
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13
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Fedorenko E, Blank IA, Siegelman M, Mineroff Z. Lack of selectivity for syntax relative to word meanings throughout the language network. Cognition 2020; 203:104348. [PMID: 32569894 DOI: 10.1101/477851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To understand what you are reading now, your mind retrieves the meanings of words and constructions from a linguistic knowledge store (lexico-semantic processing) and identifies the relationships among them to construct a complex meaning (syntactic or combinatorial processing). Do these two sets of processes rely on distinct, specialized mechanisms or, rather, share a common pool of resources? Linguistic theorizing, empirical evidence from language acquisition and processing, and computational modeling have jointly painted a picture whereby lexico-semantic and syntactic processing are deeply inter-connected and perhaps not separable. In contrast, many current proposals of the neural architecture of language continue to endorse a view whereby certain brain regions selectively support syntactic/combinatorial processing, although the locus of such "syntactic hub", and its nature, vary across proposals. Here, we searched for selectivity for syntactic over lexico-semantic processing using a powerful individual-subjects fMRI approach across three sentence comprehension paradigms that have been used in prior work to argue for such selectivity: responses to lexico-semantic vs. morpho-syntactic violations (Experiment 1); recovery from neural suppression across pairs of sentences differing in only lexical items vs. only syntactic structure (Experiment 2); and same/different meaning judgments on such sentence pairs (Experiment 3). Across experiments, both lexico-semantic and syntactic conditions elicited robust responses throughout the left fronto-temporal language network. Critically, however, no regions were more strongly engaged by syntactic than lexico-semantic processing, although some regions showed the opposite pattern. Thus, contra many current proposals of the neural architecture of language, syntactic/combinatorial processing is not separable from lexico-semantic processing at the level of brain regions-or even voxel subsets-within the language network, in line with strong integration between these two processes that has been consistently observed in behavioral and computational language research. The results further suggest that the language network may be generally more strongly concerned with meaning than syntactic form, in line with the primary function of language-to share meanings across minds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Idan Asher Blank
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Siegelman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zachary Mineroff
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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14
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Fedorenko E, Blank IA, Siegelman M, Mineroff Z. Lack of selectivity for syntax relative to word meanings throughout the language network. Cognition 2020; 203:104348. [PMID: 32569894 PMCID: PMC7483589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To understand what you are reading now, your mind retrieves the meanings of words and constructions from a linguistic knowledge store (lexico-semantic processing) and identifies the relationships among them to construct a complex meaning (syntactic or combinatorial processing). Do these two sets of processes rely on distinct, specialized mechanisms or, rather, share a common pool of resources? Linguistic theorizing, empirical evidence from language acquisition and processing, and computational modeling have jointly painted a picture whereby lexico-semantic and syntactic processing are deeply inter-connected and perhaps not separable. In contrast, many current proposals of the neural architecture of language continue to endorse a view whereby certain brain regions selectively support syntactic/combinatorial processing, although the locus of such "syntactic hub", and its nature, vary across proposals. Here, we searched for selectivity for syntactic over lexico-semantic processing using a powerful individual-subjects fMRI approach across three sentence comprehension paradigms that have been used in prior work to argue for such selectivity: responses to lexico-semantic vs. morpho-syntactic violations (Experiment 1); recovery from neural suppression across pairs of sentences differing in only lexical items vs. only syntactic structure (Experiment 2); and same/different meaning judgments on such sentence pairs (Experiment 3). Across experiments, both lexico-semantic and syntactic conditions elicited robust responses throughout the left fronto-temporal language network. Critically, however, no regions were more strongly engaged by syntactic than lexico-semantic processing, although some regions showed the opposite pattern. Thus, contra many current proposals of the neural architecture of language, syntactic/combinatorial processing is not separable from lexico-semantic processing at the level of brain regions-or even voxel subsets-within the language network, in line with strong integration between these two processes that has been consistently observed in behavioral and computational language research. The results further suggest that the language network may be generally more strongly concerned with meaning than syntactic form, in line with the primary function of language-to share meanings across minds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Idan Asher Blank
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Siegelman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zachary Mineroff
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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15
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The Role of the Left and Right Anterior Temporal Poles in People Naming and Recognition. Neuroscience 2020; 440:175-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Chen Y, Huang L, Chen K, Ding J, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Lv Y, Han Z, Guo Q. White matter basis for the hub-and-spoke semantic representation: evidence from semantic dementia. Brain 2020; 143:1206-1219. [PMID: 32155237 PMCID: PMC7191302 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hub-and-spoke semantic representation theory posits that semantic knowledge is processed in a neural network, which contains an amodal hub, the sensorimotor modality-specific regions, and the connections between them. The exact neural basis of the hub, regions and connectivity remains unclear. Semantic dementia could be an ideal lesion model to construct the semantic network as this disease presents both amodal and modality-specific semantic processing (e.g. colour) deficits. The goal of the present study was to identify, using an unbiased data-driven approach, the semantic hub and its general and modality-specific semantic white matter connections by investigating the relationship between the lesion degree of the network and the severity of semantic deficits in 33 patients with semantic dementia. Data of diffusion-weighted imaging and behavioural performance in processing knowledge of general semantic and six sensorimotor modalities (i.e. object form, colour, motion, sound, manipulation and function) were collected from each subject. Specifically, to identify the semantic hub, we mapped the white matter nodal degree value (a graph theoretical index) of the 90 regions in the automated anatomical labelling atlas with the general semantic abilities of the patients. Of the regions, only the left fusiform gyrus was identified as the hub because its structural connectivity strength (i.e. nodal degree value) could significantly predict the general semantic processing of the patients. To identify the general and modality-specific semantic connections of the semantic hub, we separately correlated the white matter integrity values of each tract connected with the left fusiform gyrus, with the performance for general semantic processing and each of six semantic modality processing. The results showed that the hub region worked in concert with nine other regions in the semantic memory network for general semantic processing. Moreover, the connection between the hub and the left calcarine was associated with colour-specific semantic processing. The observed effects could not be accounted for by potential confounding variables (e.g. total grey matter volume, regional grey matter volume and performance on non-semantic control tasks). Our findings refine the neuroanatomical structure of the semantic network and underline the critical role of the left fusiform gyrus and its connectivity in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Keliang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Junhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yingru Lv
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zaizhu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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17
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Ono KE, Bearden DJ, Adams E, Doescher J, Koh S, Eksioglu Y, Gross RE, Drane DL. Cognitive and behavioral outcome of stereotactic laser amydalohippocampotomy in a pediatric setting. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2020; 14:100370. [PMID: 32642637 PMCID: PMC7334373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2020.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present neuropsychological and functional outcome data in a teenager undergoing stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy (SLAH) who had drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to left hippocampal sclerosis. Given strong baseline cognitive performance, there was concern for post-operative declines in language and verbal memory were this patient to undergo open resection. She was evaluated pre- and post-ablation with clinical and experimental neuropsychological measures including semantic memory, category-specific object/face recognition and naming, spatial learning, and socio-emotional processing. The patient became seizure-free following SLAH and experienced significant improvements in school performance and social engagement. She experienced improvement in recognition and naming of multiple object categories, memory functions, and verbal fluency. In contrast, the patient declined significantly in her ability to recognize emotional tone from facial expressions, a socio-emotional process that had been normal prior to surgery. We believe this decline was related to surgical disruption of the limbic system, an area highly involved in emotional processing, and suspect such deficits are an under-assessed and unrecognized risk for all surgeries involving the amygdalohippocampal complex and broader limbic system regions. We hope this positive SLAH outcome will serve as impetus for group level research to establish its safety and efficacy in the pediatric setting. Stereotactic laser ablation can be used successfully in pediatric epilepsy. At risk cognitive abilities did not decline after focal ablation in this teenager. Functional improvement was observed that paralleled gains in seizure status and cognition. Deficits still occurred in select areas related to focal structures ablated. Socio-emotional deficits can result from surgeries restricted to the amygdalohippocampal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Children's Hospital of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donald J Bearden
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Children's Hospital of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Adams
- Department of Neurology, Minnesota Epilepsy Group, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason Doescher
- Department of Neurology, Minnesota Epilepsy Group, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sookyong Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Children's Hospital of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yaman Eksioglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Children's Hospital of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert E Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, GA, USA
| | - Daniel L Drane
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Swanson SJ, Conant LL, Humphries CJ, LeDoux M, Raghavan M, Mueller WM, Allen L, Gross WL, Anderson CT, Carlson CE, Busch RM, Lowe M, Tivarus ME, Drane DL, Loring DW, Jacobs M, Morgan VL, Szaflarski J, Bonilha L, Bookheimer S, Grabowski T, Phatak V, Vannest J, Binder JR. Changes in description naming for common and proper nouns after left anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 106:106912. [PMID: 32179500 PMCID: PMC7195239 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.106912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that surgical resection of the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) is associated with a decline in object naming ability (Hermann et al., 1999). In contrast, few studies have examined the effects of left ATL surgery on auditory description naming (ADN) or category-specific naming. Compared with object naming, which loads heavily on visual recognition processes, ADN provides a more specific measure of concept retrieval. The present study examined ADN declines in a large group of patients who were tested before and after left ATL surgery, using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial manipulation of uniqueness (common vs. proper nouns), taxonomic category (living vs. nonliving things), and time (pre- vs. postsurgery). Significant declines occurred across all categories but were substantially larger for proper living (PL) concepts, i.e., famous individuals. The disproportionate decline in PL noun naming relative to other conditions is consistent with the notion that the left ATL is specialized not only for retrieval of unique entity concepts, but also plays a role in processing social concepts and person-specific features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. Swanson
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Lisa L Conant
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Megan LeDoux
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Manoj Raghavan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Wade M. Mueller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Linda Allen
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - William L. Gross
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Chad E. Carlson
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Robyn M. Busch
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mark Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | - Monica Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Victoria L. Morgan
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Leonardo Bonilha
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Susan Bookheimer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Vaishali Phatak
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jeffrey R. Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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19
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Volfart A, Jonas J, Maillard L, Colnat-Coulbois S, Rossion B. Neurophysiological evidence for crossmodal (face-name) person-identity representation in the human left ventral temporal cortex. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000659. [PMID: 32243450 PMCID: PMC7159237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Putting a name to a face is a highly common activity in our daily life that greatly enriches social interactions. Although this specific person-identity association becomes automatic with learning, it remains difficult and can easily be disrupted in normal circumstances or neurological conditions. To shed light on the neural basis of this important and yet poorly understood association between different input modalities in the human brain, we designed a crossmodal frequency-tagging paradigm coupled to brain activity recording via scalp and intracerebral electroencephalography. In Experiment 1, 12 participants were presented with variable pictures of faces and written names of a single famous identity at a 4-Hz frequency rate while performing an orthogonal task. Every 7 items, another famous identity appeared, either as a face or a name. Robust electrophysiological responses were found exactly at the frequency of identity change (i.e., 4 Hz / 7 = 0.571 Hz), suggesting a crossmodal neural response to person identity. In Experiment 2 with twenty participants, two control conditions with periodic changes of identity for faces or names only were added to estimate the contribution of unimodal neural activity to the putative crossmodal face-name responses. About 30% of the response occurring at the frequency of crossmodal identity change over the left occipito-temporal cortex could not be accounted for by the linear sum of unimodal responses. Finally, intracerebral recordings in the left ventral anterior temporal lobe (ATL) in 7 epileptic patients tested with this paradigm revealed a small number of "pure" crossmodal responses, i.e., with no response to changes of identity for faces or names only. Altogether, these observations provide evidence for integration of verbal and nonverbal person identity-specific information in the human brain, highlighting the contribution of the left ventral ATL in the automatic retrieval of face-name identity associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Volfart
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Research in Psychological Science, Institute of Neuroscience, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jacques Jonas
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, Nancy, France
| | - Louis Maillard
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Colnat-Coulbois
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurochirurgie, Nancy, France
| | - Bruno Rossion
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Research in Psychological Science, Institute of Neuroscience, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, Nancy, France
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20
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Piccininni C, Gainotti G, Carlesimo GA, Luzzi S, Papagno C, Trojano L, Ferrara A, Marra C, Quaranta D. Naming famous people through face and voice: a normative study. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1859-1864. [PMID: 32086684 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Within the large topic of naming disorders, an important and separated chapter belongs to proper names. Defects of proper naming could be a selective linguistic problem. Sometimes, it includes names belonging to various kinds of semantically unique entities, but other times, it has been observed for famous people proper names only. According to Bruce and Young's model, different stages allow to recognize, identify, and name famous people from their faces and voices, subsuming different anatomical pathways, both in right temporal lobe, and their different efficiency in this task. The present study aimed to report the normative data concerning the naming of the same famous people from voice and face. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred fifty-three normal subjects underwent a test in which they were requested to name famous people from their face and from their voice. The stimuli belonged to the previously published Famous People Recognition Battery. RESULTS The mean percentage score on naming from face was 84.42 ± 12.03% (range 55.26-100%) and the mean percentage score on naming from voice was 66.04 ± 16.81% (range 28.13-100%). The difference observed in performance by face and by voice resulted significant (t|153 = 15.973; p < 0.001). Regression analyses showed that the percentage score obtained on naming from faces was predicted by education, whereas naming from voice was predicted by education and gender. DISCUSSION Naming from voice is more difficult than from face, confirming a different difficulty of the two tasks. Education showed high predicting value for faces and less for voices, whereas gender contributed to predict results only for voices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Piccininni
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Guido Gainotti
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simona Luzzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Costanza Papagno
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- CeRiN and CIMeC, University of Trento, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
- ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Telese Terme, Italy
| | | | - Camillo Marra
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Quaranta
- Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", Rome, Italy
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21
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Rodriguez FS, Zheng L, Chui HC. Psychometric Characteristics of Cognitive Reserve: How High Education Might Improve Certain Cognitive Abilities in Aging. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2020; 47:335-344. [PMID: 31466060 DOI: 10.1159/000501150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capacity to mitigate dementia symptomology despite the prevailing brain pathology has been attributed to cognitive reserve. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate how psychometric performance differs between individuals with a high school versus college education (surrogate measures for medium and high cognitive reserves) given the same level of brain pathology assessed using quantitative structural MRI. METHODS We used data from the Aging Brain: Vasculature, Ischemia, and Behavior Study (ABVIB). Cognition was assessed using a neuropsychological battery that included those contained in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) uniform data set. Participants with a medium and high cognitive reserve were matched by level of structural MRI changes, gender, and age. RESULTS Matched-pair regression analyses indicated that individuals with a higher education had a significantly better performance in recognition and verbal fluency animals, working memory, and processing speed in complex tasks. Moreover, they had a better performance in interference trails compared to individuals with a high school education (medium cognitive reserve). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that, given the same level of brain pathology, individuals with a higher education (cognitive reserve) benefit from a superior performance in semantic memory and executive functioning. Differences in these cognitive domains may be key pathways explaining how individuals with a high cognitive reserve are able to diminish dementia symptomatology despite physical changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca S Rodriguez
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, .,Center for Cognitive Science, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany,
| | - Ling Zheng
- USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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22
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Riccardi N, Yourganov G, Rorden C, Fridriksson J, Desai RH. Dissociating action and abstract verb comprehension post-stroke. Cortex 2019; 120:131-146. [PMID: 31302507 PMCID: PMC6825884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The neural bases of action and abstract concept representations remain a topic of debate. While several lines of research provide evidence for grounding of action-related conceptual content into sensory-motor systems, results of traditional lesion-deficit studies have been somewhat inconsistent. Further, few studies have directly compared the neural substrates of action and relatively abstract verb comprehension post-stroke. Here, we investigated the impact of the disruption of two neural networks on comprehension of action and relatively abstract verbs in 48 unilateral left-hemisphere stroke patients using two methodologies: 1) lesion-deficit association and 2) resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses. Disruption of RSFC between the left inferior frontal gyrus and right hemisphere primary and secondary sensory-motor areas predicted greater relative impairment of action semantics. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping revealed that damage to frontal white matter, extending towards the inferior frontal gyrus, also predicted greater relative impairment of action semantics. On the other hand, damage to the left anterior middle temporal gyrus significantly impaired the more abstract category relative to action. These findings support the view that action and non-action/abstract semantic processing rely on partially dissociable brain networks, with action concepts relying more heavily on sensory-motor areas. The results also have wider implications for lesion-deficit association studies and show how the contralateral hemisphere can play a compensatory role following unilateral stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Riccardi
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Grigori Yourganov
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Chris Rorden
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Julius Fridriksson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Rutvik H Desai
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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23
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Bernal B, Guillen M, Korman B. Nontask-Related Brain Lateralization Biomarkers in Children: The Asymmetry of Language Areas on Functional Connectivity Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Brain Connect 2019; 8:321-332. [PMID: 30124344 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2017.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we will test the hypothesis that the connectivity of language areas in normal children is asymmetric between the hemispheres. Intrahemispheric region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI connectivity was assessed in 40 normal right-handed children. Asymmetries were assessed (1) between the hemispheres (global language connectivity); (2) between Brodmann areas (BAs) pairs (pairwise connectivity); and (3) between two homotopic BA (Global BA connectivity). Sixteen BAs were selected: 6, 7, 9, 19, 21, 22, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, and 47. T scores for connectivity of each BA pair were ascertained using the MATLAB toolbox CONN. Lateralization index (LI) scores based on T-values were obtained. Only LIs with 2SD above the mean were considered as significant. Comparisons between T-value groups (per side and per BA) were performed utilizing double-sided T-tests. Null hypothesis was rejected for p < 0.05. There was not a statistical difference between global left and right connectivity strength (p = 0.40). There was significant pairwise connectivity asymmetry for the following pairs: BA7-BA44 (LI = 0.662); BA21-BA42 (LI = -0.616); BA21-BA40 (LI = -0.595); BA38-BA44 (LI = 0.470); BA39-BA44 (LI = -0.903); and BA42-BA47 (LI = -0.445). Language-related brain connectivity asymmetries have been demonstrated in a group of children and young adolescents. Two pairs related to Broca's area were left dominant (BA44-BA38 and BA44-BA7) and four pairs right dominant (BA42-BA47, BA39-BA44, BA21-BA40, and BA21-BA42).
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Bernal
- 1 Brain Institute , Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida.,2 Department of Radiology, Florida International University , Miami, Florida.,3 Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Florida International University , Miami, Florida
| | - Magno Guillen
- 2 Department of Radiology, Florida International University , Miami, Florida.,3 Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Florida International University , Miami, Florida
| | - Brandon Korman
- 1 Brain Institute , Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida.,3 Nicklaus Children's Hospital and Florida International University , Miami, Florida
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24
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Schneider B, Heskje J, Bruss J, Tranel D, Belfi AM. The left temporal pole is a convergence region mediating the relation between names and semantic knowledge for unique entities: Further evidence from a "recognition-from-name" study in neurological patients. Cortex 2018; 109:14-24. [PMID: 30273798 PMCID: PMC6263857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has implicated the left temporal pole (LTP) as a critical region for naming semantically unique items, including famous faces, landmarks, and musical melodies. Most studies have used a confrontation naming paradigm, where a participant is presented with a stimulus and asked to retrieve its name. We have proposed previously that the LTP functions as a two-way, bidirectional convergence region brokering between conceptual knowledge and proper names for unique entities. Under this hypothesis, damage to the LTP should result in a "two way" impairment: (1) defective proper name retrieval when presented with a unique stimulus (as shown in prior work); and (2) defective concept retrieval when presented with a proper name. Here, we directly tested the second prediction using a "recognition-from-name" paradigm. Participants were patients with LTP damage, brain-damaged comparisons with damage outside the LTP, and healthy comparisons. Participants were presented with names of famous persons (e.g., "Marilyn Monroe"), landmarks (e.g., "Leaning Tower of Pisa"), or melodies (e.g., "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer") and were asked to provide conceptual knowledge about each. We found that individuals with damage to the LTP were significantly impaired at conceptual knowledge retrieval when given names of famous people and landmarks (but this finding did not hold for melodies). This outcome supports the theory that the LTP is a bidirectional convergence region for proper naming, but suggests that melody retrieval may rely on processes different from those supported by the LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, USA
| | - Jonah Heskje
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, USA
| | - Joel Bruss
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, USA
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, USA
| | - Amy M Belfi
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA.
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25
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Distinctive semantic features in the healthy adult brain. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 19:296-308. [PMID: 30426310 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-00668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of semantic features, which are distinctive (e.g., a zebra's stripes) or shared (e.g. has four legs) for accessing a concept, has been studied in detail in early neurodegenerative disease such as semantic dementia (SD). However, potential neural underpinnings of such processing have not been studied in healthy adults. The current study examines neural activation patterns using fMRI while participants completed a feature verification task, in which they identified shared or distinctive semantic features for a set of natural kinds and man-made artifacts. The results showed that the anterior temporal lobe bilaterally is an important area for processing distinctive features, and that this effect is stronger within natural kinds than man-made artifacts. These findings provide converging evidence from healthy adults that is consistent with SD research, and support a model of semantic memory in which patterns of specificity of semantic information can partially explain differences in neural activation between categories.
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26
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Snowden JS, Harris JM, Thompson JC, Kobylecki C, Jones M, Richardson AM, Neary D. Semantic dementia and the left and right temporal lobes. Cortex 2018; 107:188-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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The contribution of the left anterior ventrolateral temporal lobe to the retrieval of personal semantics. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:178-187. [PMID: 29879423 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Autobiographical facts and personal trait knowledge are conceptualized as distinct types of personal semantics, but the cognitive and neural mechanisms that separate them remain underspecified. One distinction may be their level of specificity, with autobiographical facts reflecting idiosyncratic conceptual knowledge and personal traits representing basic level category knowledge about the self. Given the critical role of the left anterior ventrolateral temporal lobe (AVTL) in the storage and retrieval of semantic information about unique entities, we hypothesized that knowledge of autobiographical facts may depend on the integrity of this region to a greater extent than personal traits. To provide neuropsychological evidence relevant to this issue, we investigated personal semantics, semantic knowledge of non-personal unique entities, and episodic memory in two individuals with well-defined left (MK) versus right (DW) AVTL lesions. Relative to controls, MK demonstrated preserved personal trait knowledge but impaired "experience-far" (i.e., spatiotemporal independent) autobiographical fact knowledge, semantic memory for non-personal unique entities, and episodic memory. In contrast, both experience-far autobiographical facts and personal traits were spared in DW, whereas episodic memory and aspects of semantic memory for non-personal unique entities were impaired. These findings support the notion that autobiographical facts and personal traits have distinct cognitive features and neural mechanisms. They also suggest a common organizing principle for personal and non-personal semantics, namely the specificity of such knowledge to an entity, which is reflected in the contribution of the left AVTL to retrieval.
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28
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Liu Z, Zhang J, Zhang K, Zhang J, Li X, Cheng W, Li M, Zhao L, Deng W, Guo W, Ma X, Wang Q, Matthews PM, Feng J, Li T. Distinguishable brain networks relate disease susceptibility to symptom expression in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3503-3515. [PMID: 29691943 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease association studies have characterized altered resting-state functional connectivities describing schizophrenia, but failed to model symptom expression well. We developed a model that could account for symptom severity and meanwhile relate this to disease-related functional pathology. We correlated BOLD signal across brain regions and tested separately for associations with disease (disease edges) and with symptom severity (symptom edges) in a prediction-based scheme. We then integrated them in an "edge bi-color" graph, and adopted mediation analysis to test for causality between the disease and symptom networks and symptom scores. For first-episode schizophrenics (FES, 161 drug-naïve patients and 150 controls), the disease network (with inferior frontal gyrus being the hub) and the symptom-network (posterior occipital-parietal cortex being the hub) were found to overlap in the temporal lobe. For chronic schizophrenis (CS, 69 medicated patients and 62 controls), disease network was dominated by thalamocortical connectivities, and overlapped with symptom network in the middle frontal gyrus. We found that symptom network mediates the relationship between disease network and symptom scores in FEP, but was unable to define a relationship between them for the smaller CS population. Our results suggest that the disease network distinguishing core functional pathology in resting-state brain may be responsible for symptom expression in FES through a wider brain network associated with core symptoms. We hypothesize that top-down control from heteromodal prefrontal cortex to posterior transmodal cortex contributes to positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Our work also suggests differences in mechanisms of symptom expression between FES and CS, highlighting a need to distinguish between these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, 1801 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1912
| | - Junying Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Deng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.,Zhongshan Hosipital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
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29
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Martin CB, Douglas D, Newsome RN, Man LLY, Barense MD. Integrative and distinctive coding of visual and conceptual object features in the ventral visual stream. eLife 2018; 7:e31873. [PMID: 29393853 PMCID: PMC5832413 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant body of research in cognitive neuroscience is aimed at understanding how object concepts are represented in the human brain. However, it remains unknown whether and where the visual and abstract conceptual features that define an object concept are integrated. We addressed this issue by comparing the neural pattern similarities among object-evoked fMRI responses with behavior-based models that independently captured the visual and conceptual similarities among these stimuli. Our results revealed evidence for distinctive coding of visual features in lateral occipital cortex, and conceptual features in the temporal pole and parahippocampal cortex. By contrast, we found evidence for integrative coding of visual and conceptual object features in perirhinal cortex. The neuroanatomical specificity of this effect was highlighted by results from a searchlight analysis. Taken together, our findings suggest that perirhinal cortex uniquely supports the representation of fully specified object concepts through the integration of their visual and conceptual features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris B Martin
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | | | | | - Louisa LY Man
- Department of PsychologyQueen's UniversityKingstonCanada
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30
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Reilly M, Desai RH. Effects of semantic neighborhood density in abstract and concrete words. Cognition 2017; 169:46-53. [PMID: 28818790 PMCID: PMC5612894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Concrete and abstract words are thought to differ along several psycholinguistic variables, such as frequency and emotional content. Here, we consider another variable, semantic neighborhood density, which has received much less attention, likely because semantic neighborhoods of abstract words are difficult to measure. Using a corpus-based method that creates representations of words that emphasize featural information, the current investigation explores the relationship between neighborhood density and concreteness in a large set of English nouns. Two important observations emerge. First, semantic neighborhood density is higher for concrete than for abstract words, even when other variables are accounted for, especially for smaller neighborhood sizes. Second, the effects of semantic neighborhood density on behavior are different for concrete and abstract words. Lexical decision reaction times are fastest for words with sparse neighborhoods; however, this effect is stronger for concrete words than for abstract words. These results suggest that semantic neighborhood density plays a role in the cognitive and psycholinguistic differences between concrete and abstract words, and should be taken into account in studies involving lexical semantics. Furthermore, the pattern of results with the current feature-based neighborhood measure is very different from that with associatively defined neighborhoods, suggesting that these two methods should be treated as separate measures rather than two interchangeable measures of semantic neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Reilly
- University of South Carolina, 220 Discovery I, 915 Greene St., Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Rutvik H Desai
- University of South Carolina, 220 Discovery I, 915 Greene St., Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
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31
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Belfi AM, Kasdan A, Tranel D. Anomia for musical entities. APHASIOLOGY 2017; 33:382-404. [PMID: 31031508 PMCID: PMC6481654 DOI: 10.1080/02687038.2017.1409871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work has investigated extensively the neuroanatomical correlates of lexical retrieval for words for concrete entities. Musical entities, such as musical instruments, are often included in studies of category-specific naming deficits, but have rarely been the focus of such work. AIMS This article reviews a program of research investigating the neuroanatomical basis for lexical retrieval of words for unique (i.e., melodies) and non-unique (i.e., musical instruments) musical entities. MAIN CONTRIBUTION We begin by reporting findings on the retrieval of words for unique musical entities, including musical melodies. We then consider work focusing on retrieval of words for non-unique musical entities, specifically musical instruments. We highlight similarities between the two lines of work, and then report results from new analyses including direct comparisons between the two. These comparisons suggest that impairments in naming musical melodies and in naming musical instruments are both associated with damage to the left temporal pole (LTP). However, musical instrument naming appears to rely on a more distributed set of brain regions, possibly including those relating to sensorimotor interactions with such instruments, whereas melody naming relies more exclusively on the left temporal pole. CONCLUSIONS Retrieval of names for musical melodies appears to rely on similar neuroanatomical correlates as for other proper nouns, namely the LTP. Musical instrument naming seems to rely on a broader network of regions, including the LTP and sensorimotor areas. Overall, melody naming seems to coincide with naming of other proper nouns, while musical instrument naming appears distinct from other categories of non-unique items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Belfi
- Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003
| | - Anna Kasdan
- Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 2155 RCP, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, W311 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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32
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Brédart S. The cognitive psychology and neuroscience of naming people. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:145-154. [PMID: 29038031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of proper names enables us to designate entities, including people, at a very specific level of categorization: the unique entity or the individual. The paper presents a general overview of psychological/cognitive and neuroscientific studies that have compared the production of proper names, in particular people's names, with the production of common nouns during the last thirty years. The search for specific brain correlates of proper naming included single-case and group studies of patients with brain lesions, and studies utilizing functional neuroimaging or brain electrical stimulation with healthy participants. These studies have led neuroscientists to hypothesize that the recall of proper names involves a rather complex network including mainly left frontal and temporal regions. Behavioural evidence supports the view that proper names are more difficult to recall than common names, and scientists have proposed different explanations for this relative difficulty. Finally, several new directions for future research are proposed to improve our understanding of both cognitive processes and their brain correlates involved during proper name recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Brédart
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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33
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Papagno C. Studying cognitive functions by means of direct electrical stimulation: a review. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:2079-2087. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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34
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Li L, Abutalebi J, Emmorey K, Gong G, Yan X, Feng X, Zou L, Ding G. How bilingualism protects the brain from aging: Insights from bimodal bilinguals. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4109-4124. [PMID: 28513102 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilingual experience can delay cognitive decline during aging. A general hypothesis is that the executive control system of bilinguals faces an increased load due to controlling two languages, and this increased load results in a more "tuned brain" that eventually creates a neural reserve. Here we explored whether such a neuroprotective effect is independent of language modality, i.e., not limited to bilinguals who speak two languages but also occurs for bilinguals who use a spoken and a signed language. We addressed this issue by comparing bimodal bilinguals to monolinguals in order to detect age-induced structural brain changes and to determine whether we can detect the same beneficial effects on brain structure, in terms of preservation of gray matter volume (GMV), for bimodal bilinguals as has been reported for unimodal bilinguals. Our GMV analyses revealed a significant interaction effect of age × group in the bilateral anterior temporal lobes, left hippocampus/amygdala, and left insula where bimodal bilinguals showed slight GMV increases while monolinguals showed significant age-induced GMV decreases. We further found through cortical surface-based measurements that this effect was present for surface area and not for cortical thickness. Moreover, to further explore the hypothesis that overall bilingualism provides neuroprotection, we carried out a direct comparison of GMV, extracted from the brain regions reported above, between bimodal bilinguals, unimodal bilinguals, and monolinguals. Bilinguals, regardless of language modality, exhibited higher GMV compared to monolinguals. This finding highlights the general beneficial effects provided by experience handling two language systems, whether signed or spoken. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4109-4124, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Karen Emmorey
- Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Gaolang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zou
- College of Psychology and Education, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
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35
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Distinctive Structural and Effective Connectivity Changes of Semantic Cognition Network across Left and Right Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:8583420. [PMID: 28018680 PMCID: PMC5153494 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8583420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of language impairment in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) patients is common and left mTLE patients always exhibit a primary problem with access to names. To explore different neuropsychological profiles between left and right mTLE patients, the study investigated both structural and effective functional connectivity changes within the semantic cognition network between these two groups and those from normal controls. We found that gray matter atrophy of left mTLE patients was more severe than that of right mTLE patients in the whole brain and especially within the semantic cognition network in their contralateral hemisphere. It suggested that seizure attacks were rather targeted than random for patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) in the dominant hemisphere. Functional connectivity analysis during resting state fMRI revealed that subregions of the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) in the left HS patients were no longer effectively connected. Further, we found that, unlike in right HS patients, increased causal linking between ipsilateral regions in the left HS epilepsy patients cannot make up for their decreased contralateral interaction. It suggested that weakened contralateral connection and disrupted effective interaction between subregions of the unitary, transmodal hub of the ATL may be the primary cause of anomia in the left HS patients.
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36
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Ralph MAL, Jefferies E, Patterson K, Rogers TT. The neural and computational bases of semantic cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 18:42-55. [PMID: 27881854 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 832] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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37
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Grey Matter Density Predicts the Improvement of Naming Abilities After tDCS Intervention in Agrammatic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia. Brain Topogr 2016; 29:738-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-016-0494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Abel TJ, Rhone AE, Nourski KV, Ando TK, Oya H, Kovach CK, Kawasaki H, Howard MA, Tranel D. Beta modulation reflects name retrieval in the human anterior temporal lobe: an intracranial recording study. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:3052-61. [PMID: 27075536 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00012.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naming people, places, and things is a fundamental human ability that is often impaired in patients with language-dominant anterior temporal lobe (ATL) dysfunction or ATL resection as part of epilepsy treatment. Convergent lines of evidence point to the importance of the ATL in name retrieval. The physiologic mechanisms that mediate name retrieval in the ATL, however, are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize the electrophysiologic responses of the human ATL during overt cued naming of famous people and objects. Eight neurosurgical patients with suspected temporal lobe epilepsy who underwent implantation of intracranial electrodes for seizure focus localization were the subjects of this study. Specialized coverage of the ATL was achieved in each subject. The subjects named pictures of U.S. presidents and images of common hand-held tools. Event-related band power was measured for each ATL recording site. Both the left and right ATL demonstrated robust and focal increases in beta-band (14-30 Hz) power during person and tool naming. The onset of this response typically occurred at 400 ms but sometimes as early as 200 ms. Visual naming of famous people and tools is associated with robust and localized modulation of the beta band in both the left and right ATL. Measurement of visual naming responses may provide the groundwork for future mapping modalities to localize eloquent cortex in the ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Abel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ariane E Rhone
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Kirill V Nourski
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Timothy K Ando
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Hiroyuki Oya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Christopher K Kovach
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Hiroto Kawasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Matthew A Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
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39
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Renoult L, Tanguay A, Beaudry M, Tavakoli P, Rabipour S, Campbell K, Moscovitch M, Levine B, Davidson PS. Personal semantics: Is it distinct from episodic and semantic memory? An electrophysiological study of memory for autobiographical facts and repeated events in honor of Shlomo Bentin. Neuropsychologia 2016; 83:242-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Ranieri F, Ferraccioli M, Stampanoni Bassi M, Musumeci G, Di Lazzaro V, Gainotti G, Marra C. Familiarity for famous faces and names is not equally subtended by the right and left temporal poles. Evidence from an rTMS study. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Abel TJ, Rhone AE, Nourski KV, Howard MA, Tranel D. Investigating the Anterior Temporal Lobe With Direct Intracranial Recordings. Neurosurgery 2015; 62 Suppl 1:185-9. [PMID: 26181942 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Abel
- Departments of *Neurosurgery and ‡Neurology and Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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42
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Gainotti G. Implications of recent findings for current cognitive models of familiar people recognition. Neuropsychologia 2015; 77:279-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Abstract
Music is strongly intertwined with memories-for example, hearing a song from the past can transport you back in time, triggering the sights, sounds, and feelings of a specific event. This association between music and vivid autobiographical memory is intuitively apparent, but the idea that music is intimately tied with memories, seemingly more so than other potent memory cues (e.g., familiar faces), has not been empirically tested. Here, we compared memories evoked by music to those evoked by famous faces, predicting that music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) would be more vivid. Participants listened to 30 songs, viewed 30 faces, and reported on memories that were evoked. Memories were transcribed and coded for vividness as in Levine, B., Svoboda, E., Hay, J. F., Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. [2002. Aging and autobiographical memory: Dissociating episodic from semantic retrieval. Psychology and Aging, 17, 677-689]. In support of our hypothesis, MEAMs were more vivid than autobiographical memories evoked by faces. MEAMs contained a greater proportion of internal details and a greater number of perceptual details, while face-evoked memories contained a greater number of external details. Additionally, we identified sex differences in memory vividness: for both stimulus categories, women retrieved more vivid memories than men. The results show that music not only effectively evokes autobiographical memories, but that these memories are more vivid than those evoked by famous faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Belfi
- a Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience , University of Iowa , 356 MRC, Iowa City , IA , USA.,b Department of Neurology , University of Iowa College of Medicine , 2155 RCP, Iowa City , IA 52242 , USA
| | - Brett Karlan
- b Department of Neurology , University of Iowa College of Medicine , 2155 RCP, Iowa City , IA 52242 , USA
| | - Daniel Tranel
- a Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience , University of Iowa , 356 MRC, Iowa City , IA , USA.,b Department of Neurology , University of Iowa College of Medicine , 2155 RCP, Iowa City , IA 52242 , USA.,c Department of Psychology , University of Iowa , E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City , IA , USA
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44
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Olsen RK, Pangelinan MM, Bogulski C, Chakravarty MM, Luk G, Grady CL, Bialystok E. The effect of lifelong bilingualism on regional grey and white matter volume. Brain Res 2015; 1612:128-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Jackson RL, Lambon Ralph MA, Pobric G. The Timing of Anterior Temporal Lobe Involvement in Semantic Processing. J Cogn Neurosci 2015; 27:1388-96. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite indications that regions within the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) might make a crucial contribution to pan-modal semantic representation, to date there have been no investigations of when during semantic processing the ATL plays a critical role. To test the timing of the ATL involvement in semantic processing, we studied the effect of double-pulse TMS on behavioral responses in semantic and difficulty-matched control tasks. Chronometric TMS was delivered over the left ATL (10 mm from the tip of the temporal pole along the middle temporal gyrus). During each trial, two pulses of TMS (40 msec apart) were delivered either at baseline (before stimulus presentation) or at one of the experimental time points 100, 250, 400, and 800 msec poststimulus onset. A significant disruption to performance was identified from 400 msec on the semantic task but not on the control assessment. Our results not only reinforce the key role of the left ATL in semantic representation but also indicate that its contribution is especially important around 400 msec poststimulus onset. Together, these facts suggest that the ATL may be one of the neural sources of the N400 ERP component.
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46
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Proper name anomia with preserved lexical and semantic knowledge after left anterior temporal lesion: A two-way convergence defect. Cortex 2015; 65:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Zhang L, Pylkkänen L. The interplay of composition and concept specificity in the left anterior temporal lobe: an MEG study. Neuroimage 2015; 111:228-40. [PMID: 25703829 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental function of natural language is to focus the interlocutor's attention to specific entities and circumstances from the vast set of possibilities in the environment. In other words, as an utterance progresses, the narrower its reference typically becomes. Intriguingly, there is substantial convergence in the neural localization of conceptual specificity effects at the single word level and combinatory effects at the phrasal level, both systematically affecting the left anterior temporal lobe (LATL). However, the relationship between these two types of effects is not well understood. The current study used MEG to characterize the temporal progression of both types of effects in minimal two-word phrases (e.g., tomato soup), where single word specificity was varied in both first and second position (e.g., tomato vs. vegetable; soup vs. dish). These combinatory phrases were further compared to non-combinatory single nouns of high and low specificity. Our most robust result was an effect of the specificity of the first word while processing the second word: responses to the second word were the largest when it was being composed with a more specific as opposed to a more general modifier. In the modifier position, specificity had no reliable effects, while non-combinatory single nouns did show a subtle LATL increase when specific. In all, our findings show that when non-semantic factors such as frequency are controlled for, conceptual specificity weakly modulates LATL activity in non-combinatory situations (i.e., at a single noun), but robustly affects the size of the LATL composition effect. Thus LATL activity appears to be most strongly driven by the composition of concepts as opposed to access to single concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmin Zhang
- Department of Linguistics, New York University, 10 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Liina Pylkkänen
- Department of Linguistics, New York University, 10 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA; Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA; NYUAD Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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48
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Wang L, Verdonschot RG, Yang Y. The processing difference between person names and common nouns in sentence contexts: an ERP study. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 80:94-108. [PMID: 25575756 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-014-0645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Person names and common nouns differ in how they are stored in the mental lexicon. Using event-related potentials, this study compared the integration of names and nouns into sentence contexts. Both person names and common nouns were highly related in meaning and either congruent or incongruent within the previous contexts. Name incongruence elicited an N400 effect, suggesting that people were able to rapidly retrieve the semantic meaning of names from long-term memory even when this process was mediated by person identification. Conversely, participants showed a "good enough" processing of the nouns due to their low specificity level and, thus, rich semantic associations, leading to a P600 effect. These distinctive ERP effects provide clear evidence for the distinctive semantic representations of these word categories by showing that the activation of a name's meaning is mediated by a single connection between identity-specific information and person identity, whereas multiple connections exist between nouns and their meanings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lincui Road 16, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | | | - Yufang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lincui Road 16, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
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49
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Pisoni A, Vernice M, Iasevoli L, Cattaneo Z, Papagno C. Guess who? Investigating the proper name processing network by means of tDCS. Neuropsychologia 2015; 66:267-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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50
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Abstract
Over more than two decades, studies using imaging techniques of the living human brain have begun to explore the neural correlates of hypnosis. The collective findings provide a gripping, albeit preliminary, account of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms involved in hypnotic phenomena. While substantial advances lend support to different hypotheses pertaining to hypnotic modulation of attention, control, and monitoring processes, the complex interactions among the many mediating variables largely hinder our ability to isolate robust commonalities across studies. The present account presents a critical integrative synthesis of neuroimaging studies targeting hypnosis as a function of suggestion. Specifically, hypnotic induction without task-specific suggestion is examined, as well as suggestions concerning sensation and perception, memory, and ideomotor response. The importance of carefully designed experiments is highlighted to better tease apart the neural correlates that subserve hypnotic phenomena. Moreover, converging findings intimate that hypnotic suggestions seem to induce specific neural patterns. These observations propose that suggestions may have the ability to target focal brain networks. Drawing on evidence spanning several technological modalities, neuroimaging studies of hypnosis pave the road to a more scientific understanding of a dramatic, yet largely evasive, domain of human behavior.
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