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Lin H, Chen H, Liu Q, Xu J, Li S. A meta-analysis of the relationship between social support and physical activity in adolescents: the mediating role of self-efficacy. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1305425. [PMID: 38282843 PMCID: PMC10811609 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1305425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social support influences physical activity (PA) in adolescents. However, whether mediating and moderating effects impact the relationship between them or the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mediating effects of self-efficacy as well as a series of moderating influences using a meta-analytic approach. Methods A total of 56 studies published between January 2001 and May 2023 were obtained from the Web of Science, EBSCO, Taylor and Francis, Scopus, Wiley, ProQuest, and CNKI (core) databases, comprising 65 independent samples (total sample size = 47,196). Results and discussion The mean weighted correlation coefficients between social, family, peer, and school support and adolescent PA were 0.298, 0.226, 0.256, and 0.142, respectively, which were significant, except for school support. Family support and teenage PA were related, although the connection was moderated by gender and socioeconomic characteristics. While social, family, and peer support had a direct influence on adolescent PA, school support did not. Self-efficacy mediated the relationship between social support and its subtypes and adolescent PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haidong Chen
- College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingzao Liu
- College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Li
- College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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Zhai S, Hash J, Ward TM, Yuwen W, Sonney J. Analysis, evaluation, and reformulation of social cognitive theory: Toward parent-child shared management in sleep health. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e65-e74. [PMID: 37481389 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is a middle-range theory with triadic determinism between behavioral, environmental, and personal. SCT has been a guiding framework in health promotion research as it helps understand people's behaviors. PHENOMENA ADDRESSED Behavioral Insomnia of Childhood (BIC) is highly prevalent, affecting up to 45% of typically developing children and 80% of children with special healthcare needs. BIC leads to sleep deficiency, disrupted physical and psychological health, poor school performance, behavioral dysfunction, and negatively affects parental and family functioning. Using Fawcett's framework, we analyzed and evaluated SCT in a pediatric sleep context and propose a reformulation of SCT to better inform sleep research. RESEARCH LINKAGES SCT is individually focused and does not account for interdependence within relationships. Pediatric sleep interventions have limited long-term effects and sustainability without considering the parent-child dyadic interdependency. We advance the argument that the parent-child shared management (PCSM) perspective is beneficial for understanding pediatric sleep health. PCSM is a concept that reflects the shared responsibility and interdependence that parent and child have for managing child health. It assumes that with parents' ongoing support, children's responsibility for their health management increases over time, along with developmental progression and health-related experiences. We propose reformulating SCT by integrating PCSM in the pediatric sleep context: SCT with Shared Management (SCT-SM). The proposed SCT-SM accounts for parent-child interdependence and role transition. Shared management interventions that engage parents and children in active roles in managing sleep have potential sustainable effects in improving sleep and quality of life. (250).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumenghui Zhai
- School of Nursing, Pacific Lutheran University, 12180 Park Ave. S, Tacoma, WA 98447, United States of America.
| | - Jonika Hash
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Teresa M Ward
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Weichao Yuwen
- School of Nursing & Healthcare Leadership, University of Washington Tacoma, 1922 Pacific Ave, Tacoma, WA 98402, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Sonney
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
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Elsadek YE, Edwebi S, Turner A, Vinall-Collier K, Csikar J, Pavitt S. A systematic review of school-based student peer-led oral health interventions to promote the oral health of school children. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:742. [PMID: 37817155 PMCID: PMC10566183 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor oral health in children highlights the need for prevention and effective interventions. During late childhood and adolescence, peer relationships can play a vital role in adopting and maintaining positive health behaviours. AIM To identify the oral health outcomes of school-based student peer-led delivery of oral health interventions. METHODS A search strategy was developed, piloted, and run in four electronic databases: Medline via Ovid, Web of Science, CINAHL via EBSCO, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) using key concepts of peer, oral health and adolescent in the school context. Methodological quality was assessed using QuaDs quality assessment tool. All articles were independently screened by two researchers and data was analysed using narrative data synthesis. The PRISMA checklist complemented by aspects of the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) was used to report this systematic review. RESULTS There were 7572 identified, 24 studies progressed to full-text review, ten studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Only six studies based their interventions on psychological & behavioural theory. Intervention delivered by peers showed improvements in both clinical and self-reported outcomes when compared to other delivery methods (e.g., professionals). Quality of included studies was reported according to QuaDs guidance. CONCLUSION Peer-led interventions were more effective in improving oral health status and behaviours when compared to other modes of delivery. Future research should assess if a bi-directional impact of peer-led interventions can be seen. Specifically, if there is added value for school-based student peer-leader's including their own oral health knowledge, skills, attitude and preventative behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmen E Elsadek
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Sakina Edwebi
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Abigail Turner
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen Vinall-Collier
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia Csikar
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sue Pavitt
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Liu J, Zeng M, Wang D, Zhang Y, Shang B, Ma X. Applying Social Cognitive Theory in Predicting Physical Activity Among Chinese Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study With Multigroup Structural Equation Model. Front Psychol 2022; 12:695241. [PMID: 35370866 PMCID: PMC8965556 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the applicability of social cognitive determinants among the Chinese adolescents and examine whether the predictability of the social cognitive theory (SCT) model on physical activity (PA) differs across gender (boys and girls) and urbanization (urban and suburban). A total of 3,000 Chinese adolescents ranging between the ages of 12-15 years were randomly selected to complete a set of questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to investigate the relationships between social cognitive variables and PA in the urbanization and gender subgroups. The overall model explained 38.9% of the variance in PA. Fit indices indicated that the structural model of SCT was good: root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.047, (root mean square residual) RMR = 0.028, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.974, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = 0.960, Tucker-Lewis coefficient (TLI) = 0.971, and comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.978. Regarding the subgroup analysis, social support (critical ratios [CRs] = 2.118; p < 0.001) had a more substantial impact on the PA of adolescents in suburban areas than that in urban areas, whereas self-regulation (CRs = -2.896, p < 0.001) had a more substantial impact on the PA of adolescents in urban areas than in suburban areas. The results indicate that the SCT model predicts the PA of Chinese adolescents substantially. An SCT model could apply over a range of subgroups to predict the PA behavior and should be considered comprehensively when designing interventions. These findings would benefit PA among the Chinese adolescents, especially across genders and urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiu Liu
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Muchuan Zeng
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dizhi Wang
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Borui Shang
- Department of Kinesiology, Hebei Institute of Physical Education, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Social Sciences, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Wu M, Wu PY, Yang J, Li X. The Family Function and Exercise Behavior of Chinese College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Exercise Value Cognition and Only-Child Status. Front Psychol 2021; 12:644742. [PMID: 34512430 PMCID: PMC8432938 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of exercise value cognition between family function (FF) and exercise behavior and the moderating role of an only-child status. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 504 Chinese college students using the FF scale, the exercise value cognition scale, and the exercise behavior scale. The analysis yielded four main findings. (1) There are significant differences between an only-child and a non-only-child for negative exercise behavior and FF. The only-child group has a higher average FF score and a lower average negative exercise score. (2) Exercise behavior and four of its dimensions-exercise autonomy, attention control, exercise planning, and situational induction-are each significantly positively correlated with FF and exercise value cognition. (3) FF is a significantly positive predictor of exercise behavior, both directly and through exercise value cognition, which plays a partial mediating role. (4) Only-child status significantly moderates the mediating effect of exercise value cognition in the link between FF and exercise behavior. The intergroup differences mainly manifest in the influence of FF on exercise behavior and the influence of exercise value cognition on exercise behavior. In the only-child subsample, exercise value cognition plays a complete mediating role. The results of the current study demonstrated the important role that FF and exercise value cognition played in promoting the exercise behavior of college students. These findings have important implications for exercise behavior in adolescents by maintaining sound communication between family members and developing a healthy lifestyle or value cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei-Yao Wu
- Changzhou University Huaide College, Jingjiang, China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Promoting Physical Activity and Reducing Sedentary Behaviors among French Adolescent Girls from Low-Incomes Communities. ADOLESCENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/adolescents1020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Despite health benefits of engaging in regular physical activity (PA), adolescents fail to achieve the recommended PA practice (especially among girls with low socio-economic position). Researchers have been prompted to adopt models of social cognition to help identify the role of psychological factors in influencing PA and sedentary behaviors. Thus, this study examined the effects of an intervention promoting PA, reducing sedentary activity among adolescent girls from low-incomes communities, and explored the relationships between core constructs of salient theoretical frameworks (self-determination theory, theory of planned behavior, implicit and explicit attitude towards PA, and sedentary behaviors); (2) Methods: An intervention was delivered to 28 adolescent girls. They reported their scores on a variety of core psychological constructs grounded within the aforementioned theoretical frameworks as well as on several outcomes, such as objective PA (pedometers) and perceived mental and physical health. These scores were gathered both before and after the 8-weeks program; (3) Results: Results revealed changes on external regulation and implicit attitudes toward sedentary behaviors from before to after the program. However, objective PA behavior did not change; (4) Conclusions: Future studies are encouraged to further explore mechanisms of behavior change derived from integrated and socio-ecological theories.
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Wu WC, Chang LY, Luh DL, Wu CC, Stanaway F, Yen LL, Chang HY. Sex differences in the trajectories of and factors related to extracurricular sport participation and exercise: a cohort study spanning 13 years. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1639. [PMID: 33138800 PMCID: PMC7607706 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracurricular sport participation and exercise (ESPE) refers to regular exercise/sport participation in addition to the physical education in school among a school-aged population. Rather than general physical activity, ESPE is typically deliberately initiated and presents an efficient target for interventions. However, compared to physical activity, relatively few studies have investigated sex differences in the development of and factors associated with ESPE using a person-centered approach. This study aimed to examine the latent trajectories of ESPE from childhood to emerging adulthood across sexes, and to identify the associated sex-specific individual (i.e., body mass index, body dissatisfaction, stress, and screen behavior) and parental (i.e., parental exercise and parental screen behavior) factors. METHODS This study used data from part of the Child and Adolescent Behavior in Long-term Evolution (CABLE) project, which comprised 2072 fourth graders (aged 9 years) in Northern Taiwan followed annually from 2001 to 2013 (13 waves). Repeated-measures latent class analysis was used to identify the trajectories of ESPE for males and females, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression was further used to identify sex-specific factors related to ESPE. RESULTS Four trajectories of ESPE were identified for males and females. For males, these trajectories were Rarely-to-Never (20%), Often-to-Rarely (32%), Always-to-Never (21%), and Always (27%). For females, these trajectories were Rarely-to-Never (34%), Rarely (23%), Always-to-Rarely (33%), and Always (10%). We observed that the developmental patterns of ESPE varied by sex such that there was an earlier decline in the trajectories of ESPE in females than in males and that, compared with males, fewer females maintained exercise habits in young adulthood. Furthermore, we found several sex-specific factors related to ESPE, namely, stress, BMI, and parental exercise. Body dissatisfaction and individual screen behavior were associated with trajectories of ESPE for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS We found distinct trajectories of ESPE from childhood to emerging adulthood for both sexes. The trajectories of ESPE for males and females, however, differ in terms of patterns and associated factors. Our findings suggest that efforts to increase ESPE should be initiated early, and may be made more effective by considering sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Wu
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yin Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No.17, Xuzhou Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Dih-Ling Luh
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - Fiona Stanaway
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lee-Lan Yen
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan.
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Leme ACB, Haines J, Tang L, Dunker KLL, Philippi ST, Fisberg M, Ferrari GL, Fisberg RM. Impact of Strategies for Preventing Obesity and Risk Factors for Eating Disorders among Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103134. [PMID: 33066501 PMCID: PMC7602154 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective behavior change program is the first line of prevention for youth obesity. However, effectiveness in prevention of adolescent obesity requires several approaches, with special attention paid to disordered eating behaviors and psychological support, among other environmental factors. The aim of this systematic review is to compare the impact of two types of obesity prevention programs, inclusive of behavior change components, on weight outcomes. "Energy-balance" studies are aimed at reducing calories from high-energy sources and increasing physical activity (PA) levels, while "shared risk factors for obesity and eating disorders" focus on reducing disordered eating behaviors to promote a positive food and eating relationship. A systematic search of ProQuest, PubMed, PsycInfo, SciELO, and Web of Science identified 8825 articles. Thirty-five studies were included in the review, of which 20 regarded "energy-balance" and 15 "shared risk factors for obesity and eating disorders". "Energy-balance" studies were unable to support maintenance weight status, diet, and PA. "Shared risk factors for obesity and eating disorders" programs also did not result in significant differences in weight status over time. However, the majority of "shared risk factors for obesity and eating disorders" studies demonstrated reduced body dissatisfaction, dieting, and weight-control behaviors. Research is needed to examine how a shared risk factor approach can address both obesity and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina B. Leme
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (S.T.P.); (R.M.F.)
- Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.H.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jess Haines
- Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.H.); (L.T.)
| | - Lisa Tang
- Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.H.); (L.T.)
| | - Karin L. L. Dunker
- Department of Psychiatric, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04038-000, Brazil;
| | - Sonia T. Philippi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (S.T.P.); (R.M.F.)
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Nutrition and Feeding Difficulties Excellence Center, PENSI Institute, Sabará Children’s Hospital, São Paulo 01228-200, Brazil;
- Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Gerson L. Ferrari
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Regina M. Fisberg
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (S.T.P.); (R.M.F.)
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Xiang B, Wong HM, Perfecto AP, McGrath CPJ. The application of theory-guided oral health interventions in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychol Health 2020; 36:879-894. [PMID: 32755399 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1801679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore theory-guided randomized controlled trials aimed at improving adolescents' oral health and evaluate their effectiveness. DESIGN Multiple library databases with search criteria for articles between 1990 and 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Searched references were coded and screened for theory-guided interventions for adolescent oral health. Characteristics of each study (study sample, adopted theory, outcome measures, length of follow-up and main findings) were extracted and the quality of the eligible trials assessed. Effect sizes for theory-guided interventions for different follow-up periods were analysed and compared with traditional oral health education. RESULTS About 2135 results were uncovered, 64 were extracted for further screening, and 10 studies were eligible for inclusion. For plaque presence outcomes, no statistical difference was observed between theory-guided interventions and traditional interventions at 3 months (MD: -5.94, 95% CI: -16.39 to 4.51). When the duration of observation was extended to over one year, a significant reduction was found (SMD: -0.25, 95% CI: -0.46 to -0.04). CONCLUSION Theory-guided interventions for improving oral hygiene status appear to be more effective than traditional interventions for adolescents in the long term. However, more comprehensive studies are required for validation to support the implementation and adoption of these programs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilu Xiang
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hai Ming Wong
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Antonio P Perfecto
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman P J McGrath
- Department of Dental Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Robbins LB, Wen F, Ling J. Mediators of Physical Activity Behavior Change in the "Girls on the Move" Intervention. Nurs Res 2019; 68:257-266. [PMID: 30882562 PMCID: PMC6602810 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The minimal effect of interventions to date on increasing young adolescent girls' physical activity (PA) may be due to inadequate understanding of the mechanisms underlying behavior change, yet sparse research testing a PA intervention has examined the capacity of theories to explain PA, particularly when using objective measures. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to examine whether constructs from the health promotion model and self-determination theory mediated changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) following a 17-week intervention. METHODS The study was a secondary analysis of data from a group randomized trial, including 12 intervention and 12 control schools in the Midwestern United States. Data were collected in 2012-2016. Girls (fifth- to eighth-grade, N = 1,519) completed surveys on perceived benefits and enjoyment of PA, PA self-efficacy, social support and motivation for PA, and barriers to PA and wore accelerometers. RESULTS The final path model had a good fit: χ(4) = 2.48, p = .648; goodness-of-fit index = 1; comparative fit index = 1; root-mean-square error of approximation = 0; standardized root-mean-square residual = 0.01. For MVPA change from baseline to postintervention, enjoyment (B = 24.48, p < .001) and social support (B = 30.48, p < .001) had a positive direct effect, whereas the intervention had a positive indirect effect through enjoyment and social support (B = 9.13, p < .001). Enjoyment (B = -13.83, p < .001) and social support (B = -17.22, p < .001) had a negative indirect effect on MVPA change from postintervention to follow-up. DISCUSSION Enjoyment of PA and social support for PA may be important mediators of PA in young adolescent girls and warrant consideration when designing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine B Robbins
- Lorraine B. Robbins, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, FAAN, is Associate Professor, Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing. Fujun Wen, MEd, is Master's Degree in Biostatistics Student, Michigan State University Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, East Lansing. Jiying Ling, PhD, RN, is Assistant Professor, Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing
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Voskuil VR, Robbins LB, Pierce SJ. Predicting physical activity among urban adolescent girls: A test of the health promotion model. Res Nurs Health 2019; 42:392-409. [PMID: 31241204 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test hypothesized relationships of the health promotion model (HPM) as a means of predicting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among urban, adolescent girls. A secondary analysis of baseline data from a group randomized controlled trial was conducted. The study involved eight urban schools in the Midwestern United States. The sample included girls (N = 517) in the 5th-8th grades. Data were collected on age, body mass index, pubertal status, enjoyment, self-efficacy, social support, options for physical activity (PA), and commitment to PA. MVPA was measured via accelerometers worn by the girls for 7 days. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze study aims. Mean age of the sample was 11.8 years (standard deviation [SD] = 1.0). Girls attained an average of 3.0 (SD = 1.2) minutes per hour of MVPA. Self-efficacy had a positive direct (β = .337; p < .001) and total effect (β = .310; p < .001) on MVPA. Social support and options for PA were not significant predictors of commitment to PA or MVPA. Commitment to PA had a negative but nonsignificant effect (β = -.056; p = .357) on MVPA. The model predicted 10.1% of the variance in MVPA with 9.6% of the variance predicted by self-efficacy. Limitations include lack of longitudinal analysis and inability to generalize the results to other populations such as boys. PA self-efficacy continues to emerge as a significant predictor of MVPA in the HPM. Continued theory testing is needed to better understand the correlates and determinants of PA among adolescent girls before designing theory-based interventions to promote PA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven J Pierce
- Center for Statistical Training and Consulting, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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12
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Pate RR, Dowda M, Dishman RK, Colabianchi N, Saunders RP, McIver KL. Change in Children's Physical Activity: Predictors in the Transition From Elementary to Middle School. Am J Prev Med 2019; 56:e65-e73. [PMID: 30655084 PMCID: PMC6380938 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interventions to promote physical activity in children should be informed by knowledge of the factors that influence physical activity behavior during critical developmental transitions. The purpose of this study is to identify, from a comprehensive, multidomain set of factors, those that are associated with change in objectively measured physical activity in children as they transition from elementary to middle school. METHODS The study used a prospective cohort design, with children observed in fifth, sixth, and seventh grades. Growth curve analyses were used to examine associations between exposure variables measured at baseline and children's physical activity across three observations. A total of 828 children, aged 10.6 (SD=0.5) years at baseline provided physical activity data in fifth grade and at one or both follow-ups. Exposure variables assessed child characteristics, parent characteristics, home characteristics, social factors, school environment, and community characteristics. Physical activity was measured via accelerometry. Data were collected in two school districts in South Carolina in 2010-2013 and analyzed in 2017. RESULTS Variables measured within the child, parent/home, and community domains were positively associated with children's physical activity as they transitioned from fifth to seventh grade. These included parent encouragement of physical activity, parental support for physical activity, child sports participation, parent's report of the child's physical activity level, the child's time spent outdoors, social spaces for physical activity in the community, and the number of physical activity facilities that were proximal to the child's home. CONCLUSIONS Interventions designed to increase children's physical activity should include strategies that target multiple domains of influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Rod K Dishman
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | | | - Ruth P Saunders
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kerry L McIver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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13
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Fallon EA, Stephens RL, McDonald B, Diefenbach M, Leach CR. Disentangling Efficacy and Expectations: A Prospective, Cross-lagged Panel Study of Cancer Survivors' Physical Activity. Ann Behav Med 2019; 53:138-149. [PMID: 29688245 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite demonstrated utility of Bandura's social cognitive theory for increasing physical activity among cancer survivors, the validity of the originally hypothesized relationships among self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and physical activity behavior continues to be debated. Purpose To explore the temporal ordering of outcome expectations and self-efficacy as they relate to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity behavior. Methods Longitudinal data from cancer survivors (N = 1,009) recently completing treatment were used to fit six cross-lagged panel models, including one parent model, one model representing originally hypothesized variable relationships, and four alternative models. All models contained covariates and used full information maximum likelihood and weighted least squares mean and variance adjusted estimation. Tests of equal fit between the parent model and alternative models were conducted. Results The model depicting Bandura's originally hypothesized relationships showed no statistically significant relationship between outcome expectations and physical activity (p = .18), and was a worse fit to the data, compared with the parent model [Χ2 (1) = 5.92, p = .01]. An alternative model showed evidence of a reciprocal relationship between self-efficacy and outcome expectations, and was statistically equivalent to the parent model [Χ2(1) = 2.01, p = .16]. Conclusions This study provides evidence against Bandura's theoretical assertions that (a) self-efficacy causes outcome expectations and not vice versa, and (b) outcome expectation has a direct effect on physical activity. Replication within population subgroups and for other health behaviors will determine whether the social cognitive theory needs modification. Future trials should test whether differential construct ordering results in clinically meaningful differences in physical activity behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Fallon
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group at the American Cancer Society, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert L Stephens
- Statistics and Evaluation Center at the American Cancer Society, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bennett McDonald
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group at the American Cancer Society, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Diefenbach
- Department of Medicine & Urology, Northwell Health, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Corinne R Leach
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group at the American Cancer Society, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
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14
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Sarin E, Lunsford SS. How female community health workers navigate work challenges and why there are still gaps in their performance: a look at female community health workers in maternal and child health in two Indian districts through a reciprocal determinism framework. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2017; 15:44. [PMID: 28666447 PMCID: PMC5493888 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-017-0222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) are community health workers tasked to deliver health prevention in communities and link them with the health care sector. This paper examines the social, cultural, and institutional influences that either facilitate or impede ASHAs' abilities to deliver services effectively through the lens of the reciprocal determinism framework of social cognitive theory. METHODS We conducted 98 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with ASHAs (n = 49) and their family members (n = 49) in Gurdaspur and Mewat districts. Data were analyzed by comparing and contrasting codes leading to the identification of patterns which were explained with the help of a theoretical framework. RESULTS We found that while the work of ASHAs led to some positive health changes in the community, thus providing them with a sense of self-worth and motivation, community norms and beliefs as well as health system attitudes and practices limited their capacity as community health workers. CONCLUSION We outline potential mechanisms for improving ASHA capacity such as improved sensitization about religious, cultural, and gender norms; enhanced communication skills; and sensitization and advocating their work with health and state officials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enisha Sarin
- University Research Co., LLC, B7, 1st floor, Suncity, sector 54, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001 India
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15
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Wiljer D, Abi-Jaoude A, Johnson A, Ferguson G, Sanches M, Levinson A, Robb J, Heffernan O, Herzog T, Chaim G, Cleverley K, Eysenbach G, Henderson J, Hoch JS, Hollenberg E, Jiang H, Isaranuwatchai W, Law M, Sharpe S, Tripp T, Voineskos A. Enhancing Self-Efficacy for Help-Seeking Among Transition-Aged Youth in Postsecondary Settings With Mental Health and/or Substance Use Concerns, Using Crowd-Sourced Online and Mobile Technologies: The Thought Spot Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5:e201. [PMID: 27815232 PMCID: PMC5116103 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Seventy percent of lifetime cases of mental illness emerge prior to age 24. While early detection and intervention can address approximately 70% of child and youth cases of mental health concerns, the majority of youth with mental health concerns do not receive the services they need. Objective The objective of this paper is to describe the protocol for optimizing and evaluating Thought Spot, a Web- and mobile-based platform cocreated with end users that is designed to improve the ability of students to access mental health and substance use services. Methods This project will be conducted in 2 distinct phases, which will aim to (1) optimize the existing Thought Spot electronic health/mobile health intervention through youth engagement, and (2) evaluate the impact of Thought Spot on self-efficacy for mental health help-seeking and health literacy among university and college students. Phase 1 will utilize participatory action research and participatory design research to cocreate and coproduce solutions with members of our target audience. Phase 2 will consist of a randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that the Thought Spot intervention will show improvements in intentions for, and self-efficacy in, help-seeking for mental health concerns. Results We anticipate that enhancements will include (1) user analytics and feedback mechanisms, (2) peer mentorship and/or coaching functionality, (3) crowd-sourcing and data hygiene, and (4) integration of evidence-based consumer health and research information. Conclusions This protocol outlines the important next steps in understanding the impact of the Thought Spot platform on the behavior of postsecondary, transition-aged youth students when they seek information and services related to mental health and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wiljer
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Johnson
- Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marcos Sanches
- Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Levinson
- Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Tyson Herzog
- Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gloria Chaim
- Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristin Cleverley
- Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gunther Eysenbach
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Global eHealth Innovation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna Henderson
- Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Hoch
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Excellence in Economic Analysis Research (CLEAR), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Huan Jiang
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Excellence in Economic Analysis Research (CLEAR), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcus Law
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Michael Garron Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Tim Tripp
- Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aristotle Voineskos
- Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Laird Y, Fawkner S, Kelly P, McNamee L, Niven A. The role of social support on physical activity behaviour in adolescent girls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:79. [PMID: 27387328 PMCID: PMC4937604 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Adolescent girls have been targeted as a priority group for promoting physical activity levels however it is unclear how this can be achieved. There is some evidence to suggest that social support could impact the physical activity levels of adolescent girls, although the relationship is complex and not well understood. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse the relationship between social support and physical activity in adolescent girls, exploring how different types and providers of social support might influence the relationship. Articles were identified through a systematic search of the literature using 14 electronic databases, personal resources, grey literature, and reference lists of included studies and previous reviews. Search terms representing social support, physical activity and adolescent girls were identified and used in various combinations to form a search strategy which was adapted for different databases. Cross-sectional or longitudinal articles published in English that reported an association between social support and physical activity in adolescent girls between the ages of 10 to 19 years were included. Studies that focused only on clinical or overweight populations were excluded. Data extraction was carried out by one reviewer using an electronic extraction form. A random 25 % of included articles were selected for data extraction by a second reviewer to check fidelity. Risk of bias was assessed using a custom tool informed by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Cohort Study Checklist in conjunction with data extraction. Cross-sectional results were meta-analysed and longitudinal results were presented narratively. Small but significant associations between all available providers of total social support (except teachers) and physical activity were found (r = .14-.24). Small but significant associations were also identified for emotional, instrumental and modelling support for some providers of support (r = .10-.21). Longitudinal research supported the cross-sectional analyses. Many of the meta-analysis results suggested high heterogeneity and there was some evidence of publication bias, therefore, the meta-analysis results should be interpreted with caution. In conclusion, the meta-analysis results suggest that social support is not a strong predictor of physical activity in adolescent girls though parents and friends may have a role in enhancing PA. Trial registration PROSPERO 2014:CRD42014006738 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0405-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Laird
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PAHRC), University of Edinburgh, St Leonard's Land, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ, UK.
| | - Samantha Fawkner
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PAHRC), University of Edinburgh, St Leonard's Land, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PAHRC), University of Edinburgh, St Leonard's Land, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ, UK
| | - Lily McNamee
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Ailsa Niven
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PAHRC), University of Edinburgh, St Leonard's Land, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ, UK
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17
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Aleksejūnienė J, Brukienė V, Džiaugyte L, Pečiulienė V, Bendinskaitė R. A theory-guided school-based intervention in order to improve adolescents' oral self-care: a cluster randomized trial. Int J Paediatr Dent 2016; 26:100-9. [PMID: 25877514 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficiency of social-cognitive theory-guided oral hygiene interventions in adolescents and to identify predictors of adolescents' self-care practice. DESIGN A cluster randomized trial included 197 15- to 16-year-olds from two secondary schools. The intervention group received three face-to-face educational hands-on sessions facilitated by a dentist and adolescents worked in pairs. Individual dental plaque levels were measured at baseline, after intervention, at six and at 12 months. The structured questionnaire inquired about gender, family socio-economic status (baseline), and different social-cognitive domain variables (baseline, six, and 12 months). RESULTS At baseline, there were no statistically significant differences in dental plaque scores between the intervention and control groups (P = 0.183). At the 6-month follow-up, the intervention group had significantly less dental plaque than the control group (P = 0.047), but the intergroup difference in dental plaque levels was not significant at the 12-month follow-up (P = 0.400). Variations in dental plaque levels at different time periods were explained by the following predictors: family's socio-economic status, social-cognitive domain variables, group affiliation, and baseline plaque levels. CONCLUSIONS Social-cognitive theory-guided interventions improved oral self-care of adolescents in the short term. After the intervention was discontinued, the improvement in oral self-care of adolescents lasted for another 5 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Aleksejūnienė
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vilma Brukienė
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lina Džiaugyte
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautė Pečiulienė
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Bendinskaitė
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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18
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Plotnikoff RC, Lubans DR, Penfold CM, Courneya KS. Testing the utility of three social-cognitive models for predicting objective and self-report physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes. Br J Health Psychol 2013; 19:329-46. [PMID: 24308845 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Theory-based interventions to promote physical activity (PA) are more effective than atheoretical approaches; however, the comparative utility of theoretical models is rarely tested in longitudinal designs with multiple time points. Further, there is limited research that has simultaneously tested social-cognitive models with self-report and objective PA measures. The primary aim of this study was to test the predictive ability of three theoretical models (social cognitive theory, theory of planned behaviour, and protection motivation theory) in explaining PA behaviour. METHODS Participants were adults with type 2 diabetes (n = 287, 53.8% males, mean age = 61.6 ± 11.8 years). Theoretical constructs across the three theories were tested to prospectively predict PA behaviour (objective and self-report) across three 6-month time intervals (baseline-6, 6-12, 12-18 months) using structural equation modelling. PA outcomes were steps/3 days (objective) and minutes of MET-weighted PA/week (self-report). RESULTS The mean proportion of variance in PA explained by these models was 6.5% for objective PA and 8.8% for self-report PA. Direct pathways to PA outcomes were stronger for self-report compared with objective PA. CONCLUSIONS These theories explained a small proportion of the variance in longitudinal PA studies. Theory development to guide interventions for increasing and maintaining PA in adults with type 2 diabetes requires further research with objective measures. Theory integration across social-cognitive models and the inclusion of ecological levels are recommended to further explain PA behaviour change in this population. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Social-cognitive theories are able to explain partial variance for physical activity (PA) behaviour. What does this study add? The testing of three theories in a longitudinal design over 3, 6-month time intervals. The parallel use and comparison of both objective and self-report PA measures in testing these theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Plotnikoff
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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