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Luo M, Liu Q, Xiao L, Xiong LS. Golden bifid might improve diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome via microbiota modulation. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION AND NUTRITION 2022; 41:21. [PMID: 35578355 PMCID: PMC9109320 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-022-00302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Gut microbiota might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and probiotics supplement may be an effective treatment option. This study aims to explore the therapeutic effects of Golden bifid on the diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D). Methods Twenty-one consecutive IBS-D patients were recruited based on Rome IV criteria. All patients took 2000 mg Golden bifid triple daily for 4 weeks. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, psychological symptoms, small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and fecal microbiota characteristics were evaluated in IBS-D patients before and after treatment. Results After 4-week treatment of Golden bifid, the GI symptoms such as abdominal pain (2.90 ± 1.04 vs. 1.90 ± 1.26, P = 0.002), abdominal distension (2.00 ± 1.34 vs. 1.29 ± 1.31, P = 0.007), diarrhea (3.24 ± 1.37 vs. 1.81 ± 1.21, P = 0.001), defecatory urgency (3.48 ± 1.03 vs. 2.33 ± 1.35, P = 0.000) and incomplete evacuation (2.71 ± 1.15 vs. 1.76 ± 1.26, P = 0.003) were significantly alleviated in IBS-D patients. The Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) decreased significantly (46.19 ± 11.36 vs. 43.33 ± 9.65, P = 0.041), and SIBO could be eradicated in 25% (4/16) of IBS-D patients with SIBO. Meanwhile, the abundance of Unclassified Lachnospiraceae and Dorea in genus level and Unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Bacterium Dorea, Bacterium Butyricicoccus and Dorea formicigenerans ATCC 27755 in species level were increased in fecal microbiota (P < 0.05). Conclusions Golden bifid could improve most of GI symptoms and depressive symptoms in IBS-D patients and eradicate a small proportion of SIBO in those IBS-D patients with SIBO. What's more, Golden bifid could also modulate the fecal microbiota in IBS-D patients, which implied that the Golden bifid might improve IBS-D via microbiota modulation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41043-022-00302-0.
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Liu SL, Chen CY, Chen YS. Characteristic properties of spray-drying Bifidobacterium adolescentis microcapsules with biosurfactant. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 133:250-257. [PMID: 35012877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The surfactants used for emulsion is one of the best techniques for microencapsulation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) since it is economical. The biosurfactants have many advantages such as lower toxicity, higher biodegradability. In this study, microcapsules were prepared via spray drying using Bifidobacterium adolescentis species cultured in soy milk extract with biosurfactant prepared using Alcaligenes piechaudii CC-ESB2 to improve their powder properties. The soy milk was used to increase the health benefits instead of the milk. The optimum bacterial strain viability, water activity, and moisture content of the microcapsules were achieved at a spray dryer inlet/outlet temperature of 120/60°C. The composition of the carrier affects the particle size of the microcapsules. Using 90% maltodextrin (MD), 5% isomalto-oligosaccharide syrup (IMOS) and 5% biosurfactant as a carrier increased the viability of the LAB. Scanning electron microscope observations showed that the LAB microcapsules were able to effectively retain their completeness. Furthermore, microcapsules added with a biosurfactant prepared using A. piechaudii CC-ESB2 displayed significantly better flow properties than those without the surfactant and biosurfactant, which indicates that the biosurfactant assists in enhancing the powder properties of the microcapsules. It also has sufficient biological activity as a LAB product because the probiotics exceed 106 CFU/mL The spray-dried abandoned supernatant with biosurfactant exhibited superior bacteriostasis, which suggests that the supernatant of B. adolescentis during microencapsulation not only retains its bacteriostatic effect under high spray drying temperatures, but also provides additional antibacterial effects for the microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Lun Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, HungKuang University, Shalu District, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Yeh Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, HungKuang University, Shalu District, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuh-Shuen Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, HungKuang University, Shalu District, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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McFarland LV, Karakan T, Karatas A. Strain-specific and outcome-specific efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 41:101154. [PMID: 34712929 PMCID: PMC8529205 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consistent guidance for choosing an appropriate probiotic for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome is lacking. METHODS Literature databases searched included: PubMed, Google Scholar and NIH registry of clinical trials from inception to June 2021. Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling adult or pediatric IBS patients comparing probiotics against controls and ≥ 2 RCTs with common IBS outcome measures within each type of probiotic. Five common measures of IBS symptoms (changes in global Irritable Bowel Syndrome Severity Scoring System or IBS-SSS scores, frequency of global responders, changes in bloating or abdominal pain scores and frequency of abdominal pain relief) were used. This study was registered at Prospero (#CRD42018109169). FINDINGS We screened 521 studies and included 42 randomized controlled trials (45 treatment arms, N = 3856). Four probiotics demonstrated significant reduction in abdominal pain relief: B. coagulans MTCC5260 (RR= 4.9, 95% C.I. 3.3, 7.3), L. plantarum 299v (RR= 4.6, 95% CI 1.9, 11.0), S. boulardii CNCM I-745 (RR= 1.5, 95% C.I. 1.1, 2.1) and S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 (RR= 1.3, 95% C.I. 1.04, 1.6). Mild-moderate adverse events were reported in 51% of the trials, none were more associated with the probiotic compared to controls. INTERPRETATION Although the analysis of probiotic efficacy was limited by the diversity of IBS outcomes used in trials and lack of confirmatory trials for some strains, six single-strain probiotics and three different types of probiotic mixtures showed significant efficacy for at least one IBS outcome measure. These results might be relevant to clinical practice and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne V. McFarland
- Department Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, 6047 38th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Tarkan Karakan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Beşevler, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | - Ali Karatas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Beşevler, Ankara 06500, Turkey
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Youssef M, Ahmed HY, Zongo A, Korin A, Zhan F, Hady E, Umair M, Shahid Riaz Rajoka M, Xiong Y, Li B. Probiotic Supplements: Their Strategies in the Therapeutic and Prophylactic of Human Life-Threatening Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11290. [PMID: 34681948 PMCID: PMC8537706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases and viral infections have threatened human life over the ages and constitute the main reason for increasing death globally. The rising burden of these diseases extends to negatively affecting the economy and trading globally, as well as daily life, which requires inexpensive, novel, and safe therapeutics. Therefore, scientists have paid close attention to probiotics as safe remedies to combat these morbidities owing to their health benefits and biotherapeutic effects. Probiotics have been broadly adopted as functional foods, nutraceuticals, and food supplements to improve human health and prevent some morbidity. Intriguingly, recent research indicates that probiotics are a promising solution for treating and prophylactic against certain dangerous diseases. Probiotics could also be associated with their essential role in animating the immune system to fight COVID-19 infection. This comprehensive review concentrates on the newest literature on probiotics and their metabolism in treating life-threatening diseases, including immune disorders, pathogens, inflammatory and allergic diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, and COVID-19 infection. The recent information in this report will particularly furnish a platform for emerging novel probiotics-based therapeutics as cheap and safe, encouraging researchers and stakeholders to develop innovative treatments based on probiotics to prevent and treat chronic and viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Youssef
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Y. Ahmed
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11787, Egypt;
| | - Abel Zongo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
- Biological Sciences, Food and Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Ali Korin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Fuchao Zhan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
| | - Essam Hady
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.U.); (M.S.R.R.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.U.); (M.S.R.R.)
| | - Yongai Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
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Bastiaanssen TFS, Cussotto S, Claesson MJ, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Gutted! Unraveling the Role of the Microbiome in Major Depressive Disorder. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2021; 28:26-39. [PMID: 31913980 PMCID: PMC7012351 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms can be found in virtually any environment. In humans, the largest collection of microorganisms is found in the gut ecosystem. The adult gut microbiome consists of more genes than its human host and typically spans more than 60 genera from across the taxonomic tree. In addition, the gut contains the largest number of neurons in the body, after the brain. In recent years, it has become clear that the gut microbiome is in communication with the brain, through the gut-brain axis. A growing body of literature shows that the gut microbiome plays a shaping role in a variety of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). In this review, the interplay between the microbiome and MDD is discussed in three facets. First, we discuss factors that affect the onset/development of MDD that also greatly impinge on the composition of the gut microbiota-especially diet and stressful life events. We then examine the interplay between the microbiota and MDD. We examine evidence suggesting that the microbiota is altered in MDD, and we discuss why the microbiota should be considered during MDD treatment. Finally, we look toward the future and examine how the microbiota might become a therapeutic target for MDD. This review is intended to introduce those familiar with the neurological and psychiatric aspects of MDD to the microbiome and its potential role in the disorder. Although research is in its very early days, with much yet to be the understood, the microbiome is offering new avenues for developing potentially novel strategies for managing MDD.
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Shi Z, Wu X, Santos Rocha C, Rolston M, Garcia-Melchor E, Huynh M, Nguyen M, Law T, Haas KN, Yamada D, Millar NL, Wan YJY, Dandekar S, Hwang ST. Short-Term Western Diet Intake Promotes IL-23‒Mediated Skin and Joint Inflammation Accompanied by Changes to the Gut Microbiota in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1780-1791. [PMID: 33485880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that exposure to a high-sugar and moderate-fat diet (i.e., Western diet [WD]) in mice induces appreciable skin inflammation and enhances the susceptibility to imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis, suggesting that dietary components may render the skin susceptible to psoriatic inflammation. In this study, utilizing an IL-23 minicircle-based model with features of both psoriasiform dermatitis and psoriatic arthritis, we showed that intake of WD for 10 weeks predisposed mice not only to skin but also to joint inflammation. Both WD-induced skin and joint injuries were associated with an expansion of IL-17A‒producing γδ T cells and increased expression of T helper type 17 cytokines. After IL-23 minicircle delivery, WD-fed mice had reduced microbial diversity and pronounced dysbiosis. Treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics suppressed IL-23‒mediated skin and joint inflammation in the WD-fed mice. Strikingly, reduced skin and joint inflammation with a partial reversion of the gut microbiota were noted when mice switched from a WD to a standard diet after IL-23 minicircle delivery. These findings reveal that a short-term WD intake‒induced dysbiosis is accompanied by enhanced psoriasis-like skin and joint inflammation. Modifications toward a healthier dietary pattern should be considered in patients with psoriatic skin and/or joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Clarissa Santos Rocha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Matthew Rolston
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Emma Garcia-Melchor
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mindy Huynh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mimi Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Timothy Law
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kelly N Haas
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Neal L Millar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Samuel T Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.
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Kumar R, Sood U, Gupta V, Singh M, Scaria J, Lal R. Recent Advancements in the Development of Modern Probiotics for Restoring Human Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:12-25. [PMID: 32089570 PMCID: PMC7000592 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy gut is predominantly occupied by bacteria which play a vital role in nutrition and health. Any change in normal gut homeostasis imposes gut dysbiosis. So far, efforts have been made to mitigate the gastrointestinal symptoms using modern day probiotics. The majority of the probiotics strains used currently belong to the genera Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus. Recent advancements in culturomics by implementing newer techniques coupled with the use of gnotobiotic animal models provide a subtle ground to develop novel host specific probiotics therapies. In this review article, the recent advances in the development of microbe-based therapies which can now be implemented to treat a wide spectrum of diseases have been discussed. However, these probiotics are not classified as drugs and there is a lack of stringent law enforcement to protect the end users against the pseudo-probiotic products. While modern probiotics hold strong promise for the future, more rigorous regulations are needed to develop genuine probiotic products and characterize novel probiotics using the latest research and technology. This article also highlights the possibility of reducing antibiotic usage by utilizing probiotics developed using the latest concepts of syn and ecobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD USA
- South Dakota Centre for Biologics Research and Commercialization, Brookings, SD USA
| | - Utkarsh Sood
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Vipin Gupta
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Mona Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067 India
| | - Joy Scaria
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD USA
- South Dakota Centre for Biologics Research and Commercialization, Brookings, SD USA
| | - Rup Lal
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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Deng X, Tian H, Yang R, Han Y, Wei K, Zheng C, Liu Z, Chen T. Oral Probiotics Alleviate Intestinal Dysbacteriosis for People Receiving Bowel Preparation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:73. [PMID: 32181256 PMCID: PMC7059130 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bowel preparation is necessary for successful colonoscopy, while it can seriously affect intestinal microbial composition and damage the intestinal mucosal barriers in humans. Methods: To figure out whether probiotics can sustain intestinal homeostasis and guard people's health, the probiotic drug of Bifidobacterium Tetragenous viable Bacteria Tablets (P group, n = 16) or placebo (C group, n = 16) was used for volunteers receiving bowel preparation, and high-throughput sequencing method was applied to monitor their intestinal microbial changes. Results: The present results suggested that bowel preparation obviously reduced the intestinal microbial diversity, while taking probiotics significantly restored it to normal level. In addition, probiotics sharply reduced the abundance of pathogenic Proteobacteria, and obviously lowered the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes compared with control group at phylum level (P < 0.05). And probiotics markedly decreased the abundance of pathogenic Acinetobacter and Streptococcus, while greatly enriched the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Bacteroides, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, and Parabacteroides at genus level (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Probiotic drugs, e.g., Bifidobacterium Tetragenous viable Bacteria Tablets, can be used to restore intestinal dysbacteriosis caused by bowel preparation, and reduce side effects during colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huakai Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiwen Han
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kehong Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cihua Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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9
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Does Irritable Bowel Syndrome Exist? Identifiable and Treatable Causes of Associated Symptoms Suggest It May Not. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant shortcomings in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) diagnosis and treatment may arise from IBS being an “umbrella” diagnosis that clusters several underlying identifiable and treatable causes for the same symptom presentation into one classification. This view is compatible with the emerging understanding that the pathophysiology of IBS is heterogeneous with varied disease mechanisms responsible for the central pathological features. Collectively, these converging views of the pathophysiology, assessment and management of IBS render the traditional diagnosis and treatment of IBS less relevant; in fact, they suggest that IBS is not a disease entity per se and posit the question “does IBS exist?” The aim of this narrative review is to explore identifiable and treatable causes of digestive symptoms, including lifestyle, environmental and nutritional factors, as well as underlying functional imbalances, that may be misinterpreted as being IBS.
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Liu YW, Liong MT, Chung YCE, Huang HY, Peng WS, Cheng YF, Lin YS, Wu YY, Tsai YC. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Taiwan: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E820. [PMID: 30979038 PMCID: PMC6521002 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This four-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) on boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 7-15 in Taiwan. All subjects fulfilled the criteria for ASD diagnosis of DSM-V and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Questionnaires used for the primary outcome measure include the Autism Behavior Checklist-Taiwan version (ABC-T), the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV-Taiwan version (SNAP-IV) and the Clinical Global Impression-improvement (CGI-I) were used for the secondary outcome measure. The results showed that PS128 ameliorated opposition/defiance behaviors, and that the total score of SNAP-IV for younger children (aged 712) improved significantly compared with the placebo group. Additionally, several elements were also notably improved in the PS128 group after 28-day consumption of PS128. Further studies are needed to better clarify the effects of PS128 for younger children with ASD on broader symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wenn Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Microbiome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Min Tze Liong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Yu-Chu Ella Chung
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Yi Huang
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10090, Taiwan.
| | - Wu-Shun Peng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Fang Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Siou Lin
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei 11605, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- YuNing Clinic, Taipei 10664, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chieh Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Microbiome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
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11
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Marteau P, Le Nevé B, Quinquis L, Pichon C, Whorwell PJ, Guyonnet D. Consumption of a Fermented Milk Product Containing Bifidobacterium lactis CNCM I-2494 in Women Complaining of Minor Digestive Symptoms: Rapid Response Which Is Independent of Dietary Fibre Intake or Physical Activity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010092. [PMID: 30621211 PMCID: PMC6356475 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Minor digestive symptoms are common and dietary approaches such as probiotic administration or fibre and fermentable carbohydrate intake adjustments are often recommended. A Fermented Milk Product (FMP) containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CNCM I-2494 and lactic acid bacteria has been shown to improve digestive symptoms after 4 weeks of consumption, but the speed of onset of this effect and its dependence on fibre intake or physical activity is unknown. To answer these questions, data from two previously published trials on FMP for minor digestive symptoms were combined. Methods. In total, 538 participants provided weekly assessments of bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, flatulence, borborygmi/rumbling stomach from which a composite score was calculated. At baseline in one study (n = 336), dietary fibre consumption was recorded and physical activity classified as high, moderate or low. The speed of the FMP's effect was assessed by a repeated measure analysis of variance measuring the change from baseline for the composite score of digestive symptoms. Results. FMP consumption resulted in a significant decrease in the composite score of symptoms after only 2 weeks in both studies and the pooled data at week 1 (-0.35 [-0.69, 0.00]; p = 0.05), week 2 (-0.66 [-1.04, -0.27]; p < 0.001), week 3 (-0.49 [-0.89, -0.10]; p = 0.01) and week 4 (-0.46 [-0.88, -0.04]; p = 0.03). The interactions fibre intake-by-product group, physical activity-by-product group and time-by-product group were not statistically significant. Conclusion. FMP consumption leads to a rapid improvement in symptoms which is likely to encourage adherence to this dietary intervention. This effect is independent of dietary fibre and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Marteau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 27 rue de Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France.
- APHP, Pôle Digestif, Hôpital Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - Boris Le Nevé
- Danone Nutricia Research, Innovation Science and Nutrition, 91767 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - Laurent Quinquis
- Danone Nutricia Research, Innovation Science and Nutrition, 91767 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - Caroline Pichon
- Danone Nutricia Research, Innovation Science and Nutrition, 91767 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
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12
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Bastiaanssen TFS, Cowan CSM, Claesson MJ, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Making Sense of … the Microbiome in Psychiatry. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:37-52. [PMID: 30099552 PMCID: PMC6313131 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms can be found almost anywhere, including in and on the human body. The collection of microorganisms associated with a certain location is called a microbiota, with its collective genetic material referred to as the microbiome. The largest population of microorganisms on the human body resides in the gastrointestinal tract; thus, it is not surprising that the most investigated human microbiome is the human gut microbiome. On average, the gut hosts microbes from more than 60 genera and contains more cells than the human body. The human gut microbiome has been shown to influence many aspects of host health, including more recently the brain.Several modes of interaction between the gut and the brain have been discovered, including via the synthesis of metabolites and neurotransmitters, activation of the vagus nerve, and activation of the immune system. A growing body of work is implicating the microbiome in a variety of psychological processes and neuropsychiatric disorders. These include mood and anxiety disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, and even neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Moreover, it is probable that most psychotropic medications have an impact on the microbiome.Here, an overview will be provided for the bidirectional role of the microbiome in brain health, age-associated cognitive decline, and neurological and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, a primer on the common microbiological and bioinformatics techniques used to interrogate the microbiome will be provided. This review is meant to equip the reader with a primer to this exciting research area that is permeating all areas of biological psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Marcus J Claesson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
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13
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Ma ZF, Yusof N, Hamid N, Lawenko RM, Mohammad WMZW, Liong MT, Sugahara H, Odamaki T, Xiao J, Lee YY. Bifidobacterium infantis M-63 improves mental health in victims with irritable bowel syndrome developed after a major flood disaster. Benef Microbes 2018; 10:111-120. [PMID: 30525951 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Individuals in a community who developed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) after major floods have significant mental health impairment. We aimed to determine if Bifidobacterium infantis M-63 was effective in improving symptoms, psychology and quality of life measures in flood-affected individuals with IBS and if the improvement was mediated by gut microbiota changes. Design was non-randomised, open-label, controlled before-and-after. Of 53 participants, 20 with IBS were given B. infantis M-63 (1×109 cfu/sachet/day) for three months and 33 were controls. IBS symptom severity scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale, SF-36 Questionnaire, hydrogen breath testing for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and stools for 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis were performed before and after intervention. 11 of 20 who were given probiotics (M-63) and 20 of 33 controls completed study as per-protocol. Mental well-being was improved with M-63 vs controls for full analysis (P=0.03) and per-protocol (P=0.01) populations. Within-group differences were observed for anxiety and bodily pain (both P=0.04) in the M-63 per-protocol population. Lower ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was observed with M-63 vs controls (P=0.01) and the lower ratio was correlated with higher post-intervention mental score (P=0.04). B. infantis M-63 is probably effective in improving mental health of victims who developed IBS after floods and this is maybe due to restoration of microbial balance and the gut-brain axis. However, our conclusion must be interpreted within the context of limited sample size. The study was retrospectively registered on 12 October 2017 and the Trial Registration Number (TRN) was NCT03318614.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Ma
- 1 School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.,2 Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China P.R
| | - N Yusof
- 1 School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - N Hamid
- 1 School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - R M Lawenko
- 3 De La Salle Health Sciences Institute, Dasmarinas, Cavite 4114, Philippines
| | - W M Z Wan Mohammad
- 1 School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - M T Liong
- 4 School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - H Sugahara
- 5 Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo 252-8583, Japan
| | - T Odamaki
- 5 Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo 252-8583, Japan
| | - J Xiao
- 5 Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo 252-8583, Japan
| | - Y Y Lee
- 1 School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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14
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Zielińska A, Sałaga M, Włodarczyk M, Fichna J. Chronic abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome - current and future therapies. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018; 11:729-739. [PMID: 29957084 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2018.1494571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gut disorder that typically manifests in early adult years. One of the two major symptoms of the disease is chronic, visceral pain. The patients report pain as the most distressing symptom with the greatest impact on quality of life, challenging both to patients and healthcare providers. Areas covered: This review focuses on the pathophysiology of abdominal pain in IBS and describes current treatment possibilities. It also covers latest findings that may lead to novel pharmacological options in IBS pain management. Expert commentary: Pain is the main contributor to severity in IBS. Seeking pain alleviation is the most common reason that IBS sufferers consult with their physicians. Not all patients report being satisfied with available treatments for pain in IBS and there is a pressing need to find new, more efficient therapies for this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zielińska
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Maciej Sałaga
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Marcin Włodarczyk
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.,b Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Faculty of Military Medicine , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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15
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McFarland LV, Evans CT, Goldstein EJC. Strain-Specificity and Disease-Specificity of Probiotic Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:124. [PMID: 29868585 PMCID: PMC5949321 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As the use and diversity of probiotic products expands, the choice of an appropriate type of probiotic is challenging for both medical care professionals and the public alike. Two vital factors in choosing the appropriate probiotic are often ignored, namely, the probiotic strain-specificity and disease-specificity for efficacy. Reviews and meta-analyses often pool together different types of probiotics, resulting in misleading conclusions of efficacy. Methods A systematic review of the literature (1970-2017) assessing strain-specific and disease-specific probiotic efficacy was conducted. Trials were included for probiotics with an identifiable strain (either single strain or mixtures of strains) that had at least two randomized, controlled trials for each type of disease indication. The goal was to determine if probiotic strains have strain and/or disease-specific efficacy. Results We included 228 trials and found evidence for both strain specificity and disease specificity for the efficacy of specific probiotic strains. Significant efficacy evidence was found for 7 (70%) of probiotic strain(s) among four preventive indications and 11 (65%) probiotic strain(s) among five treatment indications. Strain-specific efficacy for preventing adult antibiotic-associated diarrhea was clearly demonstrated within the Lactobacillus species [e.g., by the mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, Lactobacillus casei LBC80R, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CLR2 (Bio-K+®), by L. casei DN114001 (Actimel®) and by Lactobacillus reuteri 55730], while other Lactobacillus strains did not show efficacy. Significant disease-specific variations in efficacy was demonstrated by L. rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745, as well as other probiotic strains. Conclusion Strong evidence was found supporting the hypothesis that the efficacy of probiotics is both strain-specific and disease-specific. Clinical guidelines and meta-analyses need to recognize the importance of reporting outcomes by both specific strain(s) of probiotics and the type of disease. The clinical relevance of these findings indicates that health-care providers need to take these two factors into consideration when recommending the appropriate probiotic for their patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne V McFarland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Charlesnika T Evans
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Healthcare Studies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Center of Innovation of Complex Chronic Healthcare (CINCCH), Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Ellie J C Goldstein
- RM Alden Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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17
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Abstract
More than eighty years after Hans Selye (1907-1982) first developed a concept describing how different types of environmental stressors affect physiological functions and promote disease development (called the "general adaptation syndrome") in 1936, we herein review advances in theoretical, mechanistic, and clinical knowledge in stress research, especially in the area of gastroenterology, and summarize progress and future perspectives arising from an interdisciplinary psychoneurobiological framework in which genetics, epigenetics, and other advanced ( omics) technologies in the last decade continue to refine knowledge about how stress affects the brain-gut axis in health and gastrointestinal disease. We demonstrate that neurobiological stress research continues to be a driving force for scientific progress in gastroenterology and related clinical areas, inspiring translational research from animal models to clinical applications, while highlighting some areas that remain incompletely understood, such as the roles of sex/gender and gut microbiota in health and disease. Future directions of research should include not only the genetics of the stress response and resilience but also epigenetic contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Paul Enck
- Department of Internal Medicine VI: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Mills DA. Probiotic nomenclature matters redux: confusion on Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis taxonomy persists. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33:2097. [PMID: 28812376 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1359153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Mills
- a Foods for Health Institute , Department of Food Science and Technology and Department of Viticulture and Enology , University of California Davis , CA 95616 , USA
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