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Chamberlin KW, Yuan Y, Li C, Luo Z, Reeves M, Kucharska‐Newton A, Pinto JM, Ma J, Simonsick EM, Chen H. Olfactory Impairment and the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033320. [PMID: 38847146 PMCID: PMC11255730 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory impairment is common in older adults and may be associated with adverse cardiovascular health; however, empirical evidence is sparse. We examined olfaction in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 2537 older adults (aged 75.6±2.8 years) from the Health ABC (Health, Aging, and Body Composition) study with olfaction assessed by the 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test in 1999 to 2000, defined as poor (score ≤8), moderate (9-10), or good (11-12). The outcomes were incident CHD, stroke, and CHF. During up to a 12-year follow-up, 353 incident CHD, 258 stroke, and 477 CHF events were identified. Olfaction was statistically significantly associated with incident CHF, but not with CHD or stroke. After adjusting for demographics, risk factors, and biomarkers of CHF, the cause-specific hazard ratio (HR) of CHF was 1.32 (95% CI, 1.05-1.66) for moderate and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.01-1.64) for poor olfaction. These associations were robust in preplanned subgroup analyses by age, sex, race, and prevalent CHD/stroke. While the subgroup results were not statistically significantly different, the association of olfaction with CHF appeared to be evident among participants who reported very good to excellent health (HR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.01-2.14] for moderate; and 1.76 [95% CI, 1.20-2.58] for poor olfaction), but not among those with fair to poor self-reported health (HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.64-1.70] for moderate; and 0.92 [95% CI, 0.58-1.47] for poor olfaction). CONCLUSIONS In community-dwelling older adults, a single olfaction test was associated with a long-term risk for incident CHF, particularly among those reporting very good to excellent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keran W. Chamberlin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI
| | - Yaqun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI
| | - Zhehui Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI
| | - Mathew Reeves
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI
| | - Anna Kucharska‐Newton
- Department of EpidemiologyGillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medicine and Biological SciencesChicagoIL
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Division of Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMA
| | - Eleanor M. Simonsick
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of HealthNational Institute on AgingBethesdaMD
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI
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Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Barone Gibbs B, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Commodore-Mensah Y, Currie ME, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Johansen MC, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Liu J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Perman SM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Tsao CW, Urbut SM, Van Spall HGC, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Palaniappan LP. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 149:e347-e913. [PMID: 38264914 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2024 AHA Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and AHA staff members. The AHA strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional global data, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Yang Y, Huang Y. Association between bone mineral density and cardiovascular disease in older adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1103403. [PMID: 37427263 PMCID: PMC10328748 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis are common diseases in older adults with high morbidity. The study on the interaction between the two in pathogenic mechanisms has been paid much attention by the majority of researchers. This study aimed to explore the relationship between bone mineral density and cardiovascular disease in older adults. Methods The primary data was downloaded from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database of the United States. Multivariate logistic regression model, generalized additive model, and smooth curve fitting were used to explore the relationship between bone mineral density and cardiovascular events risk. When a curve relationship was found, a two-piecewise linear model was used to calculate the inflection point. In addition, subgroup analysis was also performed. Results A total of 2097 subjects were included in this study. After adjusting for potential confounders, no significant association was found between lumbar bone mineral density and cardiovascular disease, while femur bone mineral density had a non-linear relationship with cardiovascular disease, with an inflection point of 0.741 gm/cm2. When bone mineral density was <0.741 gm/cm2, the risk of cardiovascular disease decreased speedily. Once bone mineral density exceeded this value, the risk of cardiovascular disease continued to decrease, but the trend became significantly slower. Compared with patients with normal bone mass, osteoporosis was associated with a 2.05-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (95% CI 1.68-5.52). There were no significant differences in interaction tests of all subgroups (p for interaction >0.05) except race. Conclusion Our results indicated that bone mineral density was closely associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in older adults over 60 years old, especially the femur bone mineral density was negatively non-linear associated with cardiovascular disease risk, with an inflection point of 0.741 gm/cm2.
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Validation of the general Framingham Risk Score (FRS), SCORE2, revised PCE and WHO CVD risk scores in an Asian population. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH - WESTERN PACIFIC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Fugar S, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Ho JE, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Levine DA, Liu J, Ma J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 147:e93-e621. [PMID: 36695182 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1181] [Impact Index Per Article: 1181.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2023 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2022 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. The American Heart Association strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) publications, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Kasim S, Malek S, Song C, Wan Ahmad WA, Fong A, Ibrahim KS, Safiruz MS, Aziz F, Hiew JH, Ibrahim N. In-hospital mortality risk stratification of Asian ACS patients with artificial intelligence algorithm. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278944. [PMID: 36508425 PMCID: PMC9744311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional risk score for predicting in-hospital mortality following Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is not catered for Asian patients and requires different types of scoring algorithms for STEMI and NSTEMI patients. OBJECTIVE To derive a single algorithm using deep learning and machine learning for the prediction and identification of factors associated with in-hospital mortality in Asian patients with ACS and to compare performance to a conventional risk score. METHODS The Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease Database (NCVD) registry, is a multi-ethnic, heterogeneous database spanning from 2006-2017. It was used for in-hospital mortality model development with 54 variables considered for patients with STEMI and Non-STEMI (NSTEMI). Mortality prediction was analyzed using feature selection methods with machine learning algorithms. Deep learning algorithm using features selected from machine learning was compared to Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score. RESULTS A total of 68528 patients were included in the analysis. Deep learning models constructed using all features and selected features from machine learning resulted in higher performance than machine learning and TIMI risk score (p < 0.0001 for all). The best model in this study is the combination of features selected from the SVM algorithm with a deep learning classifier. The DL (SVM selected var) algorithm demonstrated the highest predictive performance with the least number of predictors (14 predictors) for in-hospital prediction of STEMI patients (AUC = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95-0.96). In NSTEMI in-hospital prediction, DL (RF selected var) (AUC = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95-0.96, reported slightly higher AUC compared to DL (SVM selected var) (AUC = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.94-0.95). There was no significant difference between DL (SVM selected var) algorithm and DL (RF selected var) algorithm (p = 0.5). When compared to the DL (SVM selected var) model, the TIMI score underestimates patients' risk of mortality. TIMI risk score correctly identified 13.08% of the high-risk patient's non-survival vs 24.7% for the DL model and 4.65% vs 19.7% of the high-risk patient's non-survival for NSTEMI. Age, heart rate, Killip class, cardiac catheterization, oral hypoglycemia use and antiarrhythmic agent were found to be common predictors of in-hospital mortality across all ML feature selection models in this study. The final algorithm was converted into an online tool with a database for continuous data archiving for prospective validation. CONCLUSIONS ACS patients were better classified using a combination of machine learning and deep learning in a multi-ethnic Asian population when compared to TIMI scoring. Machine learning enables the identification of distinct factors in individual Asian populations to improve mortality prediction. Continuous testing and validation will allow for better risk stratification in the future, potentially altering management and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazzli Kasim
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiac Vascular and Lung Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia
- National Heart Association of Malaysia, Heart House, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Sorayya Malek
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Cheen Song
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Azman Wan Ahmad
- National Heart Association of Malaysia, Heart House, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Division of Cardiology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alan Fong
- Sarawak Heart Centre, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Jalan Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak Campus, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Shafiq Ibrahim
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia
- Cardiac Vascular and Lung Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia
- National Heart Association of Malaysia, Heart House, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shahreeza Safiruz
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Aziz
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Hui Hiew
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurulain Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
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Li Y, Yin L, Shen Y, Wang A, Zhou L, Gao Y, Li Y, Lu J, Shi S, Tian C, Xu Y, Wang L. Distribution of risk factors differs from coronary heart disease and stroke in China: a national population survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e065970. [PMID: 36424109 PMCID: PMC9693642 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the distribution differences of common risk factors between coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in China. SETTING The China National Stroke Screening Survey is a cluster sampling survey based on a nationwide general community population, adopting multistage stratified sampling method and covering all 31 provinces in China mainland. PARTICIPANTS A total number of 725 707 people aged 40 years and above were included in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The basic demographic information, lifestyle behaviour, physical examination, traditional risk factors, family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD events were collected. Risk factors of CHD and stroke were explored and analysed in the whole investigated population to identify the common risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the distribution difference of risk factors between CHD and stroke. RESULTS There were 13 variables associated with CHD and stroke, in which 11 variables revealed differences in the distribution between CHD and stroke. Family history of stroke (OR: 2.30; 95% CI 2.15 to 2.45), men (OR: 1.92; 95% CI 1.80 to 2.05), rural areas (OR: 1.70; 95% CI 1.60 to 1.80), transient ischaemic attack (OR: 1.41; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.54) and hypertension (OR: 1.28; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.38) indicated significantly stronger association with stroke, while family history of CHD (OR: 0.25; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.27), atrial fibrillation (OR: 0.60; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.71), diabetes (OR: 0.76; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.81), dyslipidaemia (OR: 0.76; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.81), smoking (OR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.85) and overweight/obesity (OR: 0.90; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.93) had closer relationship with CHD. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of risk factors for CHD and stroke were substantial differences. More specific prevention and control measures should be formulated according to the distribution differences of risk factors related to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Department of Neurology, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anran Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lue Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songhe Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Longde Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Beijing, China
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Kasim S, Malek S, Cheen S, Safiruz MS, Ahmad WAW, Ibrahim KS, Aziz F, Negishi K, Ibrahim N. In-hospital risk stratification algorithm of Asian elderly patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17592. [PMID: 36266376 PMCID: PMC9584943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited research has been conducted in Asian elderly patients (aged 65 years and above) for in-hospital mortality prediction after an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) using Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML). We used DL and ML to predict in-hospital mortality in Asian elderly STEMI patients and compared it to a conventional risk score for myocardial infraction outcomes. Malaysia's National Cardiovascular Disease Registry comprises an ethnically diverse Asian elderly population (3991 patients). 50 variables helped in establishing the in-hospital death prediction model. The TIMI score was used to predict mortality using DL and feature selection methods from ML algorithms. The main performance metric was the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The DL and ML model constructed using ML feature selection outperforms the conventional risk scoring score, TIMI (AUC 0.75). DL built from ML features (AUC ranging from 0.93 to 0.95) outscored DL built from all features (AUC 0.93). The TIMI score underestimates mortality in the elderly. TIMI predicts 18.4% higher mortality than the DL algorithm (44.7%). All ML feature selection algorithms identify age, fasting blood glucose, heart rate, Killip class, oral hypoglycemic agent, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol as common predictors of mortality in the elderly. In a multi-ethnic population, DL outperformed the TIMI risk score in classifying elderly STEMI patients. ML improves death prediction by identifying separate characteristics in older Asian populations. Continuous testing and validation will improve future risk classification, management, and results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazzli Kasim
- grid.412259.90000 0001 2161 1343Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia ,grid.412259.90000 0001 2161 1343Cardiac Vascular and Lung Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia ,National Heart Association of Malaysia, Heart House, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ,grid.412259.90000 0001 2161 1343Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Sorayya Malek
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Song Cheen
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shahreeza Safiruz
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Azman Wan Ahmad
- National Heart Association of Malaysia, Heart House, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ,grid.413018.f0000 0000 8963 3111Division of Cardiology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Shafiq Ibrahim
- grid.412259.90000 0001 2161 1343Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia ,grid.412259.90000 0001 2161 1343Cardiac Vascular and Lung Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia ,National Heart Association of Malaysia, Heart House, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Aziz
- grid.10347.310000 0001 2308 5949Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kazuaki Negishi
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney Medical School Nepean, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.413243.30000 0004 0453 1183Nepean Hospital, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Nurulain Ibrahim
- grid.412259.90000 0001 2161 1343Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
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Qauli AI, Yoo Y, Marcellinus A, Lim KM. Verification of the Efficacy of Mexiletine Treatment for the A1656D Mutation on Downgrading Reentrant Tachycardia Using a 3D Cardiac Electrophysiological Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:531. [PMID: 36290499 PMCID: PMC9598628 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The SCN5A mutations have been long associated with long QT variant 3 (LQT3). Recent experimental and computation studies have reported that mexiletine effectively treats LQT3 patients associated with the A1656D mutation. However, they have primarily focused on cellular level evaluations and have only looked at the effects of mexiletine on action potential duration (APD) or QT interval reduction. We further investigated mexiletine's effects on cardiac cells through simulations of single-cell (behavior of alternant occurrence) and 3D (with and without mexiletine). We discovered that mexiletine could shorten the cell's APD and change the alternant's occurrence to a shorter basic cycle length (BCL) between 350 and 420 ms. The alternant also appeared at a normal heart rate under the A1656D mutation. Furthermore, the 3D ventricle simulations revealed that mexiletine could reduce the likelihood of a greater spiral wave breakup in the A1656D mutant condition by minimizing the appearance of rotors. In conclusion, we found that mexiletine could provide extra safety features during therapy for LQT3 patients because it can change the alternant occurrence from a normal to a faster heart rate, and it reduces the chance of a spiral wave breakup. Therefore, these findings emphasize the promising efficacy of mexiletine in treating LQT3 patients under the A1656D mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ikhsanul Qauli
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
- Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Yedam Yoo
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Aroli Marcellinus
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Ki Moo Lim
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
- Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39253, Korea
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Cholecystectomy reduces the risk of myocardial and cerebral infarction in patients with gallstone-related infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16749. [PMID: 36202881 PMCID: PMC9537563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) or cerebral infarction (CI) in patients with or without-gallstone-related infection (GSI) and change in the risk following cholecystectomy. GSI (n = 84,467) and non-GSI (n = 406,800) patients with age- and sex-matched controls (n = 4,912,670) were identified from Korean population based data. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of MI or CI were analyzed in both groups treated with or without cholecystectomy. Subgroup analysis was performed for both sexes and different ages. The risk of MI or CI was higher in the GSI group than in the non-GSI group (aHR for MI; 1.32 vs. 1.07, aHR for CI; 1.24 vs. 1.06, respectively). The risk reduction rate of MI following cholecystectomy was 11.4% in the GSI group, whereas it was 0% in the non-GSI group. The risk of CI after cholecystectomy was more reduced in the GSI group than in the non-GSI group (16.1% and 4.7%, respectively). The original risk of MI or CI in patients with gallstones and risk reduction rates following cholecystectomy were higher in females and younger patients than in males and older patients. Increased risk of MI or CI and greater risk reduction following cholecystectomy were seen in patients with GSI.
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11
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Garg A, Lee JCY. Vitamin E: Where Are We Now in Vascular Diseases? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020310. [PMID: 35207597 PMCID: PMC8874674 DOI: 10.3390/life12020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is one of the most popular fat-soluble vitamins in pathological research and has been under scrutiny since the 1980s as a vital dietary component of food. The antioxidant effect of vitamin E has been widely studied due to its benefits in the prevention of various cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, alternative effects of vitamin E, in terms of anti-inflammatory pathways and gene regulation, have also been of interest to researchers. This review examines the role of dietary vitamin E (α-tocopherol) as an antioxidant and bioactive molecule in promoting vascular health. While the antioxidant effect of vitamin E is well established, knowledge about its capacity as a promising regulatory molecule in the control of the vascular system is limited. The aim of this review is to discuss some of these mechanisms and summarize their role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Here, we also briefly discuss foods rich in vitamin E, and deliberate some potential toxicological effects of excessive supplemental vitamin E in the body.
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12
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Carson AP, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Ferguson JF, Generoso G, Ho JE, Kalani R, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Levine DA, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Ma J, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Thacker EL, VanWagner LB, Virani SS, Voecks JH, Wang NY, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022; 145:e153-e639. [PMID: 35078371 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2397] [Impact Index Per Article: 1198.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2022 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population and an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, and the global burden of cardiovascular disease and healthy life expectancy. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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13
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Zhang Y, Miao H, Chia YC, Buranakitjaroen P, Siddique S, Shin J, Turana Y, Park S, Tsoi K, Chen CH, Cheng HM, Li Y, Minh HV, Nagai M, Nailes J, Sison J, Soenarta AA, Sogunuru GP, Sukonthasarn A, Tay JC, Teo BW, Verma N, Wang TD, Hoshide S, Kario K, Wang J. Cardiovascular risk assessment tools in Asia. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:369-377. [PMID: 34981620 PMCID: PMC8989745 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is becoming the most important burden to health care systems in most part of the world, especially in Asia. Aiming at identifying high risk individuals and tailoring preventive treatment, many cardiovascular risk assessment tools have been established and most of them were developed in Western countries. However, these cardiovascular risk assessment tools cannot be used interchangeably without recalibration because of the different risk factor profiles (ie, greater absolute burden of hypertension and lower level of total‐cholesterol in Asians and higher prevalence of metabolic disorders in South Asians) and different CVD profiles (higher ratio of stroke/coronary heart disease in Asians) between Western and Asian populations. Original risk models such as Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China (China‐PAR) and Japan Arteriosclerosis Longitudinal Study (JALS) score have been developed and well validated for specific countries, while most of countries/regions in Asia are using established models. Due to higher incidence of stroke in Asians, risk factors like hypertension should weigh more in cardiovascular risk assessment comparing with Western populations, but their actual proportions should be based on CVD profiles in specific countries/regions. The authors encourage the development of new cardiovascular risk assessment tools for Asians, if possible. Still, modifying established models with native epidemiological data of risk factor as well as CVD is acceptable in regions where health care resources are insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yook-Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peera Buranakitjaroen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hypertension, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jinho Shin
- Faculty of Cardiology Service, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuda Turana
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kelvin Tsoi
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chen-Huan Chen
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan Li
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Key Lab of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huynh Van Minh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Michiaki Nagai
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Medicine and Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jennifer Nailes
- Department of Preventive and Community Medicine and Research Institute for Health Sciences, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center Inc., Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jorge Sison
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Medical Center Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Arieska Ann Soenarta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia-National Cardiovascular Center, Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Guru Prasad Sogunuru
- MIOT International Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,College of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Apichard Sukonthasarn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jam Chin Tay
- Department of General Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Wee Teo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Narsingh Verma
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Tzung-Dau Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Satoshi Hoshide
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Jiguang Wang
- Department of Hypertension, Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, the Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Zhao D. Epidemiological Features of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia. JACC: ASIA 2021; 1:1-13. [PMID: 36338365 PMCID: PMC9627928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Asia. To combat the harmful impacts of CVD on public health in Asian countries with more effective strategies and actions, it is crucial to understand the current epidemiologic features of CVD in Asia. Through a systematic study and analysis of various timely data on CVD epidemiology in Asian countries from multiple sources, this state-of-the-art review provides an overview of the important epidemiologic features of CVD in Asia. Current and future challenges in CVD prevention implied by the epidemiologic features in Asian countries are highlighted and discussed in this review. Comprehensive data for the current features of CVD epidemics in Asia are lacking. This review provides an overview of the epidemiologic features of CVD in Asia. Current and future challenges and requirements for CVD prevention in Asian countries are addressed.
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15
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Teasdale SB, Marshall S, Abbott K, Cassettari T, Duve E, Fayet-Moore F. How should we judge edible oils and fats? An umbrella review of the health effects of nutrient and bioactive components found in edible oils and fats. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5167-5182. [PMID: 33706623 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1882382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary guidelines for many Western countries base their edible oil and fat recommendations solely on saturated fatty acid content. This study aims to demonstrate which nutritional and bioactive components make up commonly consumed edible oils and fats; and explore the health effects and strength of evidence for key nutritional and bioactive components of edible oils. An umbrella review was conducted in several stages. Food composition databases of Australia and the United States of America, and studies were examined to profile nutrient and bioactive content of edible oils and fats. PUBMED and Cochrane databases were searched for umbrella reviews, systematic literature reviews of randomized controlled trials or cohort studies, individual randomized controlled trials, and individual cohort studies to examine the effect of the nutrient or bioactive on high-burden chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancer, mental illness, cognitive impairment). Substantial systematic literature review evidence was identified for fatty acid categories, tocopherols, biophenols, and phytosterols. Insufficient evidence was identified for squalene. The evidence supports high mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions, total biophenol content, phytosterols, and possibly high α-tocopherol content as having beneficial effects on high-burden health comes. Future dietary guidelines should use a more sophisticated approach to judge edible oils beyond saturated fatty acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Teasdale
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Skye Marshall
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Bond University Nutrition & Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Kylie Abbott
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Cassettari
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Translational Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Duve
- Department of Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Translational Science, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Cheng S, Delling FN, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Ferguson JF, Gupta DK, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Lee CD, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Ma J, Mackey J, Martin SS, Matchar DB, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Roth GA, Samad Z, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Stokes A, VanWagner LB, Wang NY, Tsao CW. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 143:e254-e743. [PMID: 33501848 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3040] [Impact Index Per Article: 1013.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2021 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors related to cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Each of the 27 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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17
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Wang F, Cai X, Jiao P, Liu Y, Yuan B, Zhang P, Liu H, Ma L. Relationship between long non-coding RNA and prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23525. [PMID: 33371075 PMCID: PMC7748174 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can predict the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after obtaining percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), while this conclusion still needs to be further confirmed. Therefore, this study attempted to explore the relationship between lncRNA and prognosis in CHD patients after PCI. METHODS The database was retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical literature Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific and Journal Database (VIP), Wan Fang database, PubMed, and EMBASE. Hazard ratios (HRs) and its 95% confidence interval (CIs) were applied to assess the prognostic effects of lncRNA on overall survival (OS). RevMan 5.3 and STATA 16.0 software were used to perform meta-analysis. RESULTS The results of this meta-analysis would be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication. CONCLUSION This review provided a comprehensive overview of the relationship between lncRNA and prognosis in CHD patients after PCI, and offered recommendations for clinical practices or guidelines.
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18
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Binns C, Yun Low W. How Should We Approach Cardiovascular Disease in Asia: Public Health Perspectives? Asia Pac J Public Health 2019; 31:481-484. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539519872565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wah Yun Low
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Ahmad S, Chowdhury TA. Fasting during Ramadan in people with chronic kidney disease: a review of the literature. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2019; 10:2042018819889019. [PMID: 31798822 PMCID: PMC6859673 DOI: 10.1177/2042018819889019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common among Muslim patients, and many such patients are keen to fast during the month of Ramadan. Fasting for prolonged periods may be deleterious for patients with CKD, but the changing season of fasting means that the duration of fast is very variable between geographical locations. There is, furthermore, a paucity of evidence to guide patients and clinicians in management of fasting in people with CKD. In this article, we aim to review the available evidence for patients with CKD and fasting, including haemodialysis and renal transplantation. We suggest that all patients with CKD should be deemed high risk or very high risk for fasting. We conclude, however, that patients with stable mild/moderate CKD (stage 1-3) may be able to fast providing they are carefully monitored and counselled. We also suggest that patients with stable renal transplants may also be able to fast, providing they are monitored carefully by their transplant team. Patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis should not be encouraged to fast, but if they do so, they will need careful weekly monitoring. There is an urgent need for high-quality data for patients with CKD who plan to fast over Ramadan, to enable more guidance to be developed for this vulnerable group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzaib Ahmad
- Specialist Trainee in Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, St Helier Hospital, London, UK
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