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Rautenschlein S, Schat KA. The Immunological Basis for Vaccination. Avian Dis 2024; 67:366-379. [PMID: 38300658 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-99996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination is crucial for health protection of poultry and therefore important to maintaining high production standards. Proper vaccination requires knowledge of the key players of the well-orchestrated immune system of birds, their interdependence and delicate regulation, and, subsequently, possible modes of stimulation through vaccine antigens and adjuvants. The knowledge about the innate and acquired immune systems of birds has increased significantly during the recent years but open questions remain and have to be elucidated further. Despite similarities between avian and mammalian species in their composition of immune cells and modes of activation, important differences exist, including differences in the innate, but also humoral and cell-mediated immunity with respect to, for example, signaling transduction pathways, antigen presentation, and cell repertoires. For a successful vaccination strategy in birds it always has to be considered that genotype and age of the birds at the time point of immunization as well as their microbiota composition may have an impact and may drive the immune reactions into different directions. Recent achievements in the understanding of the concept of trained immunity will contribute to the advancement of current vaccine types helping to improve protection beyond the specificity of an antigen-driven immune response. The fast developments in new omics technologies will provide insights into protective B- and T-cell epitopes involved in cross-protection, which subsequently will lead to the improvement of vaccine efficacy in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Clinic for Poultry, Hannover, Lower Saxony 30559, Germany,
| | - Karel A Schat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Elbestawy A, Ellakany H, Sedeik M, Gado A, Abdel-Latif M, Noreldin A, Orabi A, Radwan I, El-Ghany WA. Superior Efficacy of Apathogenic Genotype I (V4) over Lentogenic Genotype II (LaSota) Live Vaccines against Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1 in Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-H9N2 Vaccinated Broiler Chickens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1638. [PMID: 38005970 PMCID: PMC10674370 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A comparison of the efficacy of apathogenic genotype I (V4) and lentogenic genotype II (LaSota) strains of live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines was performed following vaccination with pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) H9N2 avian influenza vaccine and challenge with velogenic NDV genotype VII.1.1 (vNDV-VII.1.1). Eight groups (Gs) of day-old chicks were used (n = 25). Groups 1-4 received a single dose of PAMP-H9N2 subcutaneously, while Gs (1, 5) and (2, 6) received eye drops of V4 and LaSota, respectively, as two doses. All Gs, except for 4 and 8, were intramuscularly challenged with vNDV-VII.1.1 at 28 days of age. No signs were detected in Gs 1, 5, 4, and 8. The mortality rates were 0% in Gs 1, 4, 5, and 8; 40% in G2; 46.66% in G6; and 100% in Gs 3 and 7. Lesions were recorded as minimal in Gs 1 and 5, but mild to moderate in Gs 2 and 6. The lowest significant viral shedding was detected in Gs 1, 2, and 5. In conclusion, two successive vaccinations of broilers with a live V4 NDV vaccine provided higher protection against vNDV-VII.1.1 challenge than LaSota. PAMP-H9N2 with live NDV vaccines induced more protection than the live vaccine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elbestawy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (H.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Hany Ellakany
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (H.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Mahmoud Sedeik
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Gado
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (H.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Mervat Abdel-Latif
- Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira 22511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira 22511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Orabi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Ismail Radwan
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Wafaa Abd El-Ghany
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
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Lupini C, Legnardi M, Graziosi G, Cecchinato M, Listorti V, Terregino C, Catelli E. Vaccine Interaction and Protection against Virulent Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) Challenge after Combined Administration of Newcastle Disease and aMPV Live Vaccines to Day-Old Turkeys. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030708. [PMID: 36992292 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) are among the most impactful pathogens affecting the turkey industry. Since turkeys are routinely immunized against both diseases, the hatchery administration of the combined respective live vaccines would offer remarkable practical advantages. However, the compatibility of NDV and aMPV vaccines has not yet been experimentally demonstrated in this species. To address this issue, an aMPV subtype B live vaccine was administered to day-old poults either alone or in combination with one of two different ND vaccines. The birds were then challenged with a virulent aMPV subtype B strain, clinical signs were recorded and aMPV and NDV vaccine replication and humoral immune response were assessed. All results supported the absence of any interference hampering protection against aMPV, with no significant differences in terms of clinical scoring. In addition, the mean aMPV vaccine viral titers and antibody titers measured in the dual vaccinated groups were comparable or even higher than in the group vaccinated solely against aMPV. Lastly, based on the NDV viral and antibody titers, the combined aMPV and NDV vaccination does not seem to interfere with protection against NDV, although further studies involving an actual ND challenge will be necessary to fully demonstrate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Lupini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziosi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Listorti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
- Struttura Semplice Section of Genoa-Portualità, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Calogero Terregino
- OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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Kariithi HM, Suarez DL, Davis JF, Dufour-Zavala L, Olivier TL, Williams-Coplin D, Bakre A, Lee CW. Genome Sequencing and Characterization of an Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 VG/GA-like Isolate with a Unique Fusion Cleavage Site Motif. Avian Dis 2023; 67:33-41. [PMID: 37140109 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
A complete genome sequence of a VG/GA -like strain of avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1) was identified by nontargeted next-generation sequencing of an oropharyngeal swab sample collected from a carcass of a 12-mo-old backyard chicken. The isolate has a fusion (F) protein cleavage site motif consistent with a low virulent AOAV-1, but it has a unique motif with phenylalanine at position 117 (112G-R-Q-G-R↓F117), which is typical for virulent AOAV-1 strains. The one nucleotide difference at the cleavage site compared to other low-virulence viruses made the isolate detectable by F-gene-specific real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) developed as a diagnostic test to specifically detect virulent strains. The mean death time determined in eggs and intracerebral pathogenicity index determined in chickens classified the isolate as lentogenic. This is the first report of a lentogenic VG/GA-like virus with a phenylalanine residue at position 117 of the F protein cleavage site in the United States. In addition to concern for potential pathogenic shift of the virus through additional changes at the cleavage site, our finding warrants increased awareness of diagnosticians of potential false positive F-gene rRT-PCR tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Kariithi
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - David L. Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - James F. Davis
- Georgia Poultry Laboratory Network, Gainesville, GA 30507
| | | | - Tim L. Olivier
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Dawn Williams-Coplin
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Abhijeet Bakre
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605
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Hu Z, He X, Deng J, Hu J, Liu X. Current situation and future direction of Newcastle disease vaccines. Vet Res 2022; 53:99. [PMID: 36435802 PMCID: PMC9701384 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most economically devastating infectious diseases affecting the poultry industry. Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can cause high mortality and severe tissue lesions in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, reproductive and immune systems of poultry. Tremendous progress has been made in preventing morbidity and mortality caused by ND based on strict biosecurity and wide vaccine application. In recent decades, the continual evolution of NDV has resulted in a total of twenty genotypes, and genetic variation may be associated with disease outbreaks in vaccinated chickens. In some countries, the administration of genotype-matched novel vaccines in poultry successfully suppresses the circulation of virulent NDV strains in the field. However, virulent NDV is still endemic in many regions of the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries, impacting the livelihood of millions of people dependent on poultry for food. In ND-endemic countries, although vaccination is implemented for disease control, the lack of genotype-matched vaccines that can reduce virus infection and transmission as well as the inadequate administration of vaccines in the field undermines the effectiveness of vaccination. Dissection of the profiles of existing ND vaccines is fundamental for establishing proper vaccination regimes and developing next-generation vaccines. Therefore, in this article, we provide a broad review of commercial and experimental ND vaccines and promising new platforms for the development of next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozheng He
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Dewidar AAA, Kilany WH, El-Sawah AA, Shany SAS, Dahshan AHM, Hisham I, Elkady MF, Ali A. Genotype VII.1.1-Based Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccines Afford Better Protection against Field Isolates in Commercial Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131696. [PMID: 35804597 PMCID: PMC9265022 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Controlling genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is challenging, especially in endemic countries. Genetic engineering was used to develop recombinant vaccines against NDV (rNDV). The close genetic relationship with circulating viruses can better protect against field NDV challenges. This study evaluated two commercial rNDV genotype VII.1.1 vaccines based on the LaSota strain backbone or VG/GA strain backbone compared to conventional genotype II vaccines. Both vaccines induced a protective immune response; however, GII-based vaccines failed to prevent virus shedding efficiently. Additionally, the noticeable superior performance of the rNDV vaccine based on the VG/GA strain backbone may be attributed to the enterotropic nature of the VG/GA strain, which makes it replicate more efficiently in both the respiratory and intestinal tracts of chickens. Future research needs to evaluate the cell-mediated immune response induced by the rNDV GVII vaccines to understand their mechanism better mediating the mucosal immunity. Abstract This study evaluated the efficacy of live and inactivated conventional GII LaSota and recombinant GVII Newcastle disease vaccines in commercial broilers. The experimental groups (G2–G7) were vaccinated on day 7 and day 21 of age with live vaccines from the same vaccine type “GII LaSota, GVII vaccine (A), GVII vaccine (B)” via eye drop; however, G3, G5, and G7 received a single dose from inactivated counterpart vaccines subcutaneously on day 7 of age. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated based on elicited humoral immunity, clinical protection, and reduction in virus shedding after challenge with virulent GVII 1.1. strain. Results demonstrated that live and inactivated recombinant GVII vaccine based on VG/GA strain backbone elicited superior protection parameters (100% protection). Although the conventional GII LaSota live and inactivated vaccination regime protected 93.3% of vaccinated birds, the virus shedding continued until 10 DPC. The post-vaccination serological monitoring was consistent with protection results. The study concludes that conventional GII ND vaccines alone are probably insufficient due to the current epidemiology of the GVII 1.1 NDV strains. Our findings further support that protection induced by recombinant GVII 1.1. ND vaccines are superior. Interestingly, the efficacy of recombinant ND vaccines seemed to be influenced by the backbone virus since the VG/GA backbone-based vaccine provided better protection and reduced virus shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmonem A. A. Dewidar
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.A.A.D.); (A.A.E.-S.); (S.A.S.S.); (A.-H.M.D.); (M.F.E.)
| | - Walid H. Kilany
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12618, Egypt; (W.H.K.); (I.H.)
| | - Azza A. El-Sawah
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.A.A.D.); (A.A.E.-S.); (S.A.S.S.); (A.-H.M.D.); (M.F.E.)
| | - Salama A. S. Shany
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.A.A.D.); (A.A.E.-S.); (S.A.S.S.); (A.-H.M.D.); (M.F.E.)
| | - Al-Hussien M. Dahshan
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.A.A.D.); (A.A.E.-S.); (S.A.S.S.); (A.-H.M.D.); (M.F.E.)
| | - Islam Hisham
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12618, Egypt; (W.H.K.); (I.H.)
| | - Magdy F. Elkady
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.A.A.D.); (A.A.E.-S.); (S.A.S.S.); (A.-H.M.D.); (M.F.E.)
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; (A.A.A.D.); (A.A.E.-S.); (S.A.S.S.); (A.-H.M.D.); (M.F.E.)
- Correspondence:
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The phosphatase and tensin homolog gene inserted between NP and P gene of recombinant New castle disease virus oncolytic effect test to glioblastoma cell and xenograft mouse model. Virol J 2022; 19:21. [PMID: 35093115 PMCID: PMC8800283 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is one of the most serious brain cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that PTEN function disorder affects the causing and exacerbation of glioblastoma. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been studied as a cancer virotherapeutics. In this study, PTEN gene was delivered to glioblastoma by recombinant NDV (rNDV) and translated into protein at the cytoplasm of the glioblastoma.
Methods We did comparison tests PTEN protein expression efficiency and oncolytic effect depend on the PTEN gene insertion site at the between NP and P genes and the between P and M gene. PTEN protein mRNA transcription, translation in glioblastoma cell, and functional PTEN protein effect of the rNDV in vitro and in vivo test performed using western blotting, RT-qPCR, MTT assay, and Glioblastoma xenograft animal model test. Results The result of this study demonstrates that rNDV-PTEN kills glioblastoma cells and reduces cancer tissue better than rNDV without the PTEN gene. In molecular immunological and cytological assays, PTEN expression level was high at located in the between NP and P gene, and PTEN gene was successfully delivered to the glioblastoma cell using rNDV and PTEN gene translated to functional protein and inhibits hTERT and AKT gene. Conclusions PTEN gene enhances the oncolytic effect of the rNDV. And our study demonstrated that NP and P gene site is better than P and M gene site which is commonly and conventionally used. PTEN gene containing rNDV is a good candidate virotherapeutics for glioblastoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01746-w.
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Towards Improved Use of Vaccination in the Control of Infectious Bronchitis and Newcastle Disease in Poultry: Understanding the Immunological Mechanisms. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010020. [PMID: 33406695 PMCID: PMC7823560 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) and Newcastle disease (ND) are two important diseases of poultry and have remained a threat to the development of the poultry industry in many parts of the world. The immunology of avian has been well studied and numerous vaccines have been developed against the two viruses. Most of these vaccines are either inactivated vaccines or live attenuated vaccines. Inactivated vaccines induce weak cellular immune responses and require priming with live or other types of vaccines. Advanced technology has been used to produce several types of vaccines that can initiate prime immune responses. However, as a result of rapid genetic variations, the control of these two viral infections through vaccination has remained a challenge. Using various strategies such as combination of live attenuated and inactivated vaccines, development of IB/ND vaccines, use of DNA vaccines and transgenic plant vaccines, the problem is being surmounted. It is hoped that with increasing understanding of the immunological mechanisms in birds that are used in fighting these viruses, a more successful control of the diseases will be achieved. This will go a long way in contributing to global food security and the economic development of many developing countries, given the role of poultry in the attainment of these goals.
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Hassanin O, Abdallah F, Ali HA, AlGabr N, Mohamed MHA. Different kinetics of chicken interferon-alpha signalling transduction responses following immunization of broiler chickens with different Newcastle disease virus vaccines and infection with virulent genotype VIId strain. Avian Pathol 2020; 50:85-97. [PMID: 33146541 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1841885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious and notifiable avian disease leading to grave economic losses in the poultry industry. Although the immune responses against NDV have been widely investigated, little is known regarding the virus interaction with the host innate immune responses. In this study, we tested the effect of different commercially applied Newcastle disease vaccines as well as virulent NDV genotype VIId on the expression pattern of the upstream regulator and downstream effector genes related to chicken interferon-alpha (chIFNα) signalling transduction pathway. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, mild transient induction of chIFNα-inducible genes was detected in bird spleen 72 h post-vaccination (hpv) with either live LaSota (respiratory) or VG/GA (enteric) strains. Vaccination with the enteric VG/GA strain led to stimulation of the investigated pathway as early as 24 hpv which continued up to 7 days in bird caecal tonsils. Subcutaneous injection with inactivated LaSota oil adjuvant-based vaccine led to continual stimulation of the investigated pathway up to 7 days post-vaccination (dpv). The recombinant herpesvirus of turkey (rHVT) - NDV vaccine led to remarkable stimulation of all the tested cytokines up to 17 dpv in comparison with LaSota and VG/GA NDV vaccines. Stronger but transient activation of all the tested cytokines was detected in spleens during the first 24 h post-challenge with virulent NDV (vNDV) which reduced gradually and diminished later due to the virus-induced lymphocytic depletion. This study will aid in the discovery of new approaches to control NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Hassanin
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abdallah
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Haytham A Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif AlGabr
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Mahmoud H A Mohamed
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Izquierdo-Lara R, Chumbe A, Calderón K, Fernández-Díaz M, Vakharia VN. Genotype-matched Newcastle disease virus vaccine confers improved protection against genotype XII challenge: The importance of cytoplasmic tails in viral replication and vaccine design. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209539. [PMID: 31725727 PMCID: PMC6855454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although typical Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines can prevent mortality, they are not effective in preventing viral shedding. To overcome this, genotype-matched vaccines have been proposed. To date, this approach has never been tested against genotype XII strains. In this study, we generated and assessed the protection against genotype XII challenge of two chimeric NDV vaccine strains (rLS1-XII-1 and rLS1-XII-2). The rLS1-XII-1 virus has the complete fusion protein (F) and the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) open reading frames replaced with those from genotype XII strain NDV/peacock/Peru/2011 (PP2011) in a recombinant LaSota (rLS1) backbone. In rLS1-XII-2 virus, cytoplasmic tails of F and HN proteins were restored to those of rLS1. In vitro evaluation showed that rLS1-XII-2 and the parental rLS1 strains replicate at higher efficiencies than rLS1-XII-1. In the first vaccine/challenge experiment, SPF chickens vaccinated with rLS1-XII-1 virus showed only 71.3% protection, whereas, rLS1 and rLS1-XII-2 vaccinated chickens were fully protected. In a second experiment, both rLS1-XII-2 and the commercial vaccine strain LaSota induced 100% protection. However, rLS1-XII-2 virus significantly reduced viral shedding, both in the number of shedding birds and in quantity of shed virus. In conclusion, we have developed a vaccine candidate capable of fully protecting chickens against genotype XII challenges. Furthermore, we have shown the importance of cytoplasmic tails in virus replication and vaccine competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Izquierdo-Lara
- FARVET S.A.C., Chincha Alta, Ica, Peru
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, School of Veterinary Medicine, San Borja, Lima, Peru
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Chumbe
- FARVET S.A.C., Chincha Alta, Ica, Peru
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, School of Veterinary Medicine, San Borja, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Vikram N. Vakharia
- Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, University of Maryland—Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Nikbakht Brujeni G, Hassanzadeh M, Al-Karagoly H, Tolouei T, Esmailnejad A. Evaluation of humoral immune responses to enterotropic lentogenic VG/GA vaccine of Newcastle disease in commercial turkey poults (Meleagris gallopavo). Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:41. [PMID: 31455410 PMCID: PMC6712772 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Villegas-Glisson/University of Georgia (VG/GA) strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is recommended for the initial vaccination of commercially reared turkey poults. However, the vaccine-induced antibody responses have not been studied in this species. The level of systemic humoral immune responses against the NDV was investigated in commercial turkey poults vaccinated with the VG/GA vaccine. One hundred eighty-two hybrid strain of turkey poults (Meleagris gallopavo) were divided randomly into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. The vaccinated group was given the VG/GA vaccine at 10 and 20 days of age. To investigate the vaccine immunity, the level of specific IgY and IgA in serum samples were determined using ELISA and haemagglutination inhibition assays (HI). The biological half-life of maternal antibodies was also determined before the immunization. Results VG/GA-specific antibodies were detected in the vaccinated turkey poults and were significantly higher in the vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group. IgY and IgA antibodies showed a significant increase in titers 14 days after the second vaccination and reached a peak on day 35 of age. The correlation coefficient and intra-rater reliability showed a significant correlation between the HI titers and IgY/IgA ELISA values. Maternal IgY and IgA levels were found to decline in the serum with half-lifes of 7.68 ± 2.35 and 2.18 ± 0.82 days, respectively. Conclusions Enterotropic lentogenic VG/GA vaccine induced a marked humoral immune response against the NDV in turkey poults. The positive correlation between IgY and IgA highlights the role of these two antibody classes in controlling the Newcastle disease in turkey poults.
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Ladman BS, Gelb J, Sauble LA, Murphy MV, Spackman E. Protection afforded by avian influenza vaccination programmes consisting of a novel RNA particle and an inactivated avian influenza vaccine against a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge in layer chickens up to 18 weeks post-vaccination. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:371-381. [PMID: 30961360 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1605148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The efficacies of an oil adjuvanted-inactivated reverse genetics-derived H5 avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine and an alphavirus replicon RNA particle (RP) AIV vaccine were evaluated in commercial Leghorn chickens. Challenge utilized A/turkey/MN/12582/2015, an isolate representing the U.S. H5N2 Clade 2.3.4.4 responsible for the 2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epornitic in commercial poultry the United States. As part of a long-term, 36-week study, chickens were challenged at seven weeks of age after receiving a single vaccination, at 18 weeks of age following a vaccine prime-single boost, and at 36 weeks of age after a prime- double-boost. All vaccine programmes reduced virus oropharyngeal and cloacal shedding and mortality compared to the non-vaccinated control birds; however, chickens receiving at least one administration of the RP vaccine generally had diminished viral shedding especially from the cloacal swabbings. A detectable serum antibody response and protection were observed through 18 weeks post-vaccination. Our data suggest that, in conjunction with a comprehensive eradication, enhanced biosecurity and controlled marketing plan, vaccination programmes of commercial layer chickens with novel RP vaccines may represent an important tool for preventing HPAI-related mortalities and decreasing viral load during a catastrophic influenza outbreak. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Immunization of poultry following a vaccination schedule consisting of inactivated and RNA particle vaccines offered significant protection against lethal disease following HPAIV challenge. Virus shedding was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in chickens vaccinated with either inactivated and/or recombinant vaccines. Serum antibody titres were not a reliable indicator of protection. An inactivated vaccine containing 384 HAU of the homologous antigen was unable to induce complete protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Ladman
- a Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Avian Biosciences Center , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA
| | - Jack Gelb
- a Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Avian Biosciences Center , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA
| | - Lauren A Sauble
- a Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Avian Biosciences Center , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA
| | - Marcella V Murphy
- a Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Avian Biosciences Center , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA
| | - Erica Spackman
- b Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) , Athens , GA , USA
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Al-Karagoly H, Nikbakht G, Hassanzadeh M, Tolouei T. Turkey humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to a Newcastle viscerotropic vaccine and its association with major histocompatibility complex. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to vaccines are mainly influenced by the nature of vaccines and host variation in response to vaccination. In this study we aimed to investigate turkey humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to a Newcastle viscerotropic vaccine and its association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Turkeys were vaccinated with Villegas–Glisson/University of Georgia (VG/GA) attenuated vaccine against Newcastle disease. The stimulation index of lymphocyte proliferation and antigen-specific local secretory IgA responses in bile, duodenum, ileum, as well as serum IgY and IgA responses were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The turkey MHC class II B locus was selected as candidate gene for detection of associations with cellular and humoral immune responses. Significant differences were observed between both cellular and humoral responses of vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. A significant positive correlation was also found between ND specific IgY and ND specific IgA titres in serum, intestine (duodenum and ileum) and trachea. Moreover, the correlation between specific IgA titres in ileum and specific bile, duodenum and trachea was positively significant. High resolution melting analysis (HRM) was used to genotype MHC class II B exon 2. Eight melting profiles (A-G) were identified, among which, profile G showed a significant association with cellular response. The profile B revealed significant association with total IgA titres in serum and ileum. These findings help our understanding of the association of turkey MHC types with immune responses. Further correlation analysis between serum and mucosal antibody titres demonstrated that the levels of IgY and IgA in serum can give an impression about the levels of secretory IgA and situation of mucosal immunity. Based on the significant effects, ND specific IgY in serum appears to be a promising indirect marker for specific IgA in serum and trachea.
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Qosimah D, Murwani S, Sudjarwo E, Lesmana MA. Effect of Newcastle disease virus level of infection on embryonic length, embryonic death, and protein profile changes. Vet World 2018; 11:1316-1320. [PMID: 30410239 PMCID: PMC6200569 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1316-1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an obligate intracellular parasite. Virus can only live on living cells. The embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) are one of the growth media of virus that is a cheap, easy to do, and accurate for showing patterns of virus change in the host. Higher virus titers indicate the higher number of viruses and more virulent to infect host. This research aimed to investigate the effect of different level of NDV titer infection in ECEs on protein profile, embryonic length, mortality, and pathological change. Materials and Methods The study used a completely randomized design of six treatments and seven replications. The treatments were different level of NDV titer infection in allantoic fluid (AF) of 9-11 days ECEs, i.e., P1=20, P2=26, P3=27, P4=28, P5=29, and P6=210 hemagglutination unit (HAU). All samples were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with p=0.05 for length of the embryo and descriptive analysis for embryo mortality, pathology change, and protein band. Results The result showed that protein profile of NDV-infected ECEs of all different levels is more complex than protein profile of no NDV-infected ECEs. NDV infected of all different levels showed longer size embryo, higher mortality embryo at the first 2 days, and higher occurrence of hemorrhagic in all part of bodies of embryo than those of no NDV infected. Conclusion It was concluded that NDV infection of all different level decreased health conditions of chicken embryo of ECEs of 9-11 days old. Different level of NDV infection of ECEs of 9-11 days old showed no significantly different embryo profiles. However, all of the NDV-infected embryos were shorter, death on the 2nd day, and suffered more hemorrhage on all body surfaces than uninfected NDV embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahliatul Qosimah
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
| | - Sri Murwani
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
| | - Edhy Sudjarwo
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
| | - M Arfan Lesmana
- Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
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Diagnostic and Vaccination Approaches for Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry: The Current and Emerging Perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7278459. [PMID: 30175140 PMCID: PMC6098882 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7278459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most devastating diseases that considerably cripple the global poultry industry. Because of its enormous socioeconomic importance and potential to rapidly spread to naïve birds in the vicinity, ND is included among the list of avian diseases that must be notified to the OIE immediately upon recognition. Currently, virus isolation followed by its serological or molecular identification is regarded as the gold standard method of ND diagnosis. However, this method is generally slow and requires specialised laboratory with biosafety containment facilities, making it of little relevance under epidemic situations where rapid diagnosis is seriously needed. Thus, molecular based diagnostics have evolved to overcome some of these difficulties, but the extensive genetic diversity of the virus ensures that isolates with mutations at the primer/probe binding sites escape detection using these assays. This diagnostic dilemma leads to the emergence of cutting-edge technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) which have so far proven to be promising in terms of rapid, sensitive, and accurate recognition of virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates even in mixed infections. As regards disease control strategies, conventional ND vaccines have stood the test of time by demonstrating track record of protective efficacy in the last 60 years. However, these vaccines are unable to block the replication and shedding of most of the currently circulating phylogenetically divergent virulent NDV isolates. Hence, rationally designed vaccines targeting the prevailing genotypes, the so-called genotype-matched vaccines, are highly needed to overcome these vaccination related challenges. Among the recently evolving technologies for the development of genotype-matched vaccines, reverse genetics-based live attenuated vaccines obviously appeared to be the most promising candidates. In this review, a comprehensive description of the current and emerging trends in the detection, identification, and control of ND in poultry are provided. The strengths and weaknesses of each of those techniques are also emphasised.
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Ahmadi E, Pourbakhsh SA, Ahmadi M, Mardani K, Talebi A. Phylogenetic characterization of virulent Newcastle disease viruses isolated during outbreaks in northwestern Iran in 2010. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3151-60. [PMID: 27542379 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The northwest of Iran shares long borders with three neighboring countries; therefore, it is considered one of the main entry portals of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) into the country. Ten virulent NDVs were recovered from 19 poultry farms of various prefectures in northwestern Iran during Newcastle disease outbreaks in 2010. The isolates were genotypically analyzed using an F-gene-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The amplified F gene (nucleotides 189-1666) sequences of the NDV isolates were compared phylogenetically with those of previously published strains in GenBank. All of the NDV isolates belonged to genotype VIIb and were closely related to some isolates from Iran, Russia, and Sweden. Therefore, it can be postulated that these isolates evolved from previously reported strains. The velogenic viruses carried the motif (112)R-R-Q-K-R/F(117) at the F0 cleavage site and a unique substitution of (190)L→F which had never been reported in any NDV genotype VIIb isolate. They shared high sequence similarity with each other but were distinct from current NDV vaccines and NDV strains reported from other countries. This information is fundamental for improving the efficacy of controlling strategies and vaccine development for NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Pourbakhsh
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Malahat Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran
| | - Karim Mardani
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran
| | - Alireza Talebi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran
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Kammon A, Heidari A, Dayhum A, Eldaghayes I, Sharif M, Monne I, Cattoli G, Asheg A, Farhat M, Kraim E. Characterization of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Viruses from Poultry in Libya. Avian Dis 2015; 59:422-30. [PMID: 26478162 DOI: 10.1637/11068-032215-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
On March 2013, the Libyan poultry industry faced severe outbreaks due to mixed infections of APMV-1 (Newcastle disease) and low pathogenic avian influenza (AI) of the H9N2 subtype which were causing high mortality and great economic losses. APMV-1 and H9N2 were isolated and characterized. Genetic sequencing of the APMV-1/chicken/Libya/13VIR/ 7225-1/2013 isolate revealed the presence of a velogenic APMV-1 belonging to lineage 5 (GRRRQKR*F Lin.5) or genotype VII in class II, according to the nomenclature in use. Three AI viruses of the H9N2 subtype, namely A/avian/Libya/13VIR7225-2/2013, A/avian/Libya/13VIR7225-3/2013, and A/avian/Libya/13VIR7225-5/2013, were isolated and found to belong to the G1 lineage. Analysis of amino acid sequences showed that the analyzed H9N2 viruses contained the amino acid Leu at position 226 (H3 numbering) at the receptor binding site of the HA, responsible for human virus-like receptor specificity. On March 2014, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of the H5N1 subtype was diagnosed in a backyard poultry farm in an eastern region of Libya. The H5N1 isolate (A/chicken/Libya/14VIR2749-16/2014) was detected by real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). Genetic characterization of the HA gene revealed that the identified subtype was highly pathogenic, belonged to the 2.2.1 lineage, and clustered with recent Egyptian viruses. This study revealed the presence of a velogenic APMV-1 genotype and of two influenza subtypes, namely HPAI H5N1 and H9N2, which are of major interest for public and animal health. Considering these findings, more investigations must be undertaken to establish and implement adequate influenza surveillance programs; this would allow better study of the epidemiology of APMV-1 genotype VII in Libya and evaluation of the current vaccination strategies.
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18
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Zhao W, Zhang Z, Zsak L, Yu Q. P and M gene junction is the optimal insertion site in Newcastle disease virus vaccine vector for foreign gene expression. J Gen Virol 2014; 96:40-45. [PMID: 25274858 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.068437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been developed as a vector for vaccine and gene therapy purposes. However, the optimal insertion site for foreign gene expression remained to be determined. In the present study, we inserted the green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene into five different intergenic regions of the enterotropic NDV VG/GA vaccine strain using reverse genetics technology. The rescued recombinant viruses retained lentogenic pathotype and displayed delayed growth dynamics, particularly when the GFP gene was inserted between the NP and P genes of the virus. The GFP mRNA level was most abundant when the gene was inserted closer to the 3' end and gradually decreased as the gene was inserted closer to the 5' end. Measurement of the GFP fluorescence intensity in recombinant virus-infected cells demonstrated that the non-coding region between the P and M genes is the optimal insertion site for foreign gene expression in the VG/GA vaccine vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Beijing Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, PR China.,Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China.,Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Laszlo Zsak
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Qingzhong Yu
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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Gupta SK, Deb R, Dey S, Chellappa MM. Toll-like receptor-based adjuvants: enhancing the immune response to vaccines against infectious diseases of chicken. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:909-25. [PMID: 24855906 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.920236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Huge productivity loss due to infectious diseases in chickens is a major problem and, hence, robust development of the poultry industry requires control of poultry health. Immunization using vaccines is routine practice; however, to combat infectious diseases, conventional vaccines as well as new-generation recombinant vaccines alone, due to relatively weak immunogenicity, may not be effective enough to provide optimum immunity. With this in mind, there is a need to incorporate better and more suitable adjuvants in the vaccines to elicit the elevated immune response in the host. Over last few decades, with the increase in the knowledge of innate immune functioning, efforts have been made to enhance vaccine potency using novel adjuvants like Toll-like receptor based adjuvant systems. In this review, we will discuss the potential use of toll-like receptor ligands as an adjuvant in vaccines against the infectious diseases of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Kumar Gupta
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Recombinant DNA Lab, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, UP, India
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Zhao W, Hu H, Zsak L, Yu Q, Yang Z. Application of the ligation-independent cloning (LIC) method for rapid construction of a minigenome rescue system for Newcastle disease virus VG/GA strain. Plasmid 2013; 70:314-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bwala DG, Clift S, Duncan NM, Bisschop SP, Oludayo FF. Determination of the distribution of lentogenic vaccine and virulent Newcastle disease virus antigen in the oviduct of SPF and commercial hen using immunohistochemistry. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:520-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Perozo F, Marcano R, Afonso CL. Biological and phylogenetic characterization of a genotype VII Newcastle disease virus from Venezuela: efficacy of field vaccination. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:1204-8. [PMID: 22238433 PMCID: PMC3318500 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.06506-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the biological and molecular characterization of a virulent genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) circulating in Venezuela and the assessment of the vaccination efficacy under field conditions compared to controlled rearing conditions. Biological pathotyping showed a mean embryo dead time of 50 h and an intracerebral pathogenicity index of 1.86. Sequence-based phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the virus belongs to genotype VII in class II (a genotype often found in Asia and Africa), representing the first report of the presence of this genotype in the continent of South America. A vaccine-challenge trial in commercial broilers reared in fields or in a experimental setting included dual (live/killed) priming of 1-day-old chicks plus two live NDV and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) field vaccinations at days 7 and 17, followed by a very stringent genotype VII NDV challenge at day 28. Serology for NDV and IBDV, bursal integrity, and protection against NDV lethal challenge were assessed. At 28 days, field vaccinates showed significantly lower NDV (1,356 versus 2,384) and higher IBD (7,295 versus 1,489) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titers than the experimentally reared birds. A lower bursal size and bursa-body weight ratio (P < 0.05) and higher bursa lesion score were also detected in the field set. Only 57.1% of field vaccinates survived the lethal challenge, differing (P < 0.05) from 90.5% survival in the experimental farm. Overall, results confirmed the presence of the genotype VII viruses in South America and suggest that field-associated factors such as immunosuppression compromise the efficacy of the vaccination protocols implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Perozo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Rosmar Marcano
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Venezuela Central University, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Claudio L. Afonso
- USDA-ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Shim JB, So HH, Won HK, Mo IP. Characterization of avian paramyxovirus type 1 from migratory wild birds in chickens. Avian Pathol 2012; 40:565-72. [PMID: 22107090 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2011.616187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most important infectious agents in the poultry industry, and vaccines against it have been widely used for prevention and control. Live vaccines, which can replicate in the respiratory and digestive systems, have been especially needed in areas with outbreaks of viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease. Towards the goal of searching for a new live vaccine candidate, avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) was isolated from the faeces of wild birds. Three APMV-1 strains thus isolated were characterized in terms of phylogeny, pathogenicity, immunogenicity and tissue tropism, and on the basis of these analyses were classified as lentogenic genotype I NDV. CBU2179, one of the three APMV-1 strains, was selected and was evaluated in terms of its efficacy and safety in specific pathogen-free chickens and commercial broilers. The manufactured trial vaccine from this strain, also called CBU2179, induced similar immune responses to those of VG/GA and B1 commercial vaccines, and provided 100% protection against challenge from viscerotropic velogenic NDV, KJW/49 strain (the official challenge strain in Korea). Also, the CBU2179 virus was re-isolated and persisted as long as or longer than other vaccine strains in both the respiratory and alimentary tracts. Therefore, the CBU2179 strain may represent a good candidate for a live Newcastle disease vaccine to protect chickens against viscerotropic velogenic NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Bo Shim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Artificial recombination may influence the evolutionary analysis of Newcastle disease virus. J Virol 2011; 85:10409-14. [PMID: 21775447 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00544-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recombination rate in Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was as high as 10% in RDP analysis with full-length NDV genome sequences available in GenBank. We found that two NDV strains, China/Guangxi09/2003 and NDV/03/018, previously reported as recombinants, failed to show any evidence of recombination upon complete genome resequencing. Furthermore, we were able to reproduce artificial recombination by amplification of the M gene in a mixed sample of strains LaSota and ZJ1. It appears that the recombination of NDV is not as common as has been reported. NDV sequences in GenBank should be analyzed with caution during bioinformatic analyses for natural recombination events.
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Bwala D, Fasina F, Wyk AV, Duncan N. Effects of Vaccination with Lentogenic Vaccine and Challenge with Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) on Egg Production in Commercial and SPF Chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2011.98.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rauw F, Gardin Y, Palya V, Anbari S, Gonze M, Lemaire S, van den Berg T, Lambrecht B. The positive adjuvant effect of chitosan on antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity after chickens vaccination with live Newcastle disease vaccine. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 134:249-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Rauw F, Gardin Y, Palya V, Anbari S, Lemaire S, Boschmans M, van den Berg T, Lambrecht B. Improved vaccination against Newcastle disease by an in ovo recombinant HVT-ND combined with an adjuvanted live vaccine at day-old. Vaccine 2010; 28:823-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rauw F, Gardin Y, Palya V, van Borm S, Gonze M, Lemaire S, van den Berg T, Lambrecht B. Humoral, cell-mediated and mucosal immunity induced by oculo-nasal vaccination of one-day-old SPF and conventional layer chicks with two different live Newcastle disease vaccines. Vaccine 2009; 27:3631-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Genomic comparison of the complete coding and intergenic regions of the VG/GA Newcastle disease virus and its respirotropic clone 5. Virus Genes 2008; 37:161-7. [PMID: 18574683 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The complete genome of the Villegas-Glisson/University of Georgia (VG/GA) strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and that of a plaque purified clone (clone 5) exhibiting a respiratory phenotype were sequenced and analyzed. The VG/GA strain, isolated from the intestine of healthy turkeys, replicates in the respiratory and intestinal tract of chickens. It is used worldwide as a vaccine strain and its tissue tropism is extremely important for protection against velogenic viscerotropic NDV which targets both intestinal and respiratory epithelia, inducing severe gross and microscopic damage. The clone 5, a plaque purified clone from the VG/GA strain, cannot be recovered from the intestine of infected birds, suggesting a respirotropic nature. A modified primer sequence-independent amplification method was used to sequence the complete coding regions of both viruses and to assess phylogenetic relationships and genomic basis for phenotype differences. The phylogenetic analysis grouped the VG/GA strain and the clone 5 within class II, genotype II viruses and showed that they are greater than 99.9% identical with only 5 nucleotides differences. Both are closely related to classic vaccine strains, such as LaSota and B1. Only 3 amino acid differences at the fusion protein differentiated the VG/GA strain from the clone 5. These differences may explain the differential phenotype observed in the VG/GA strain and are discussed.
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