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Dong H, Zhu S, Sun F, Feng Q, Guo C, Wu Z, Wu S, Wang A, Yu S. Comparative analysis of antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype of Riemerella anatipestifer. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110047. [PMID: 38471429 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is one of the important bacterial pathogens that threaten the waterfowl farming industry. In this study, 157 suspected R. anatipestifer strains were isolated from diseased ducks and geese from seven regions of China during 2019-2020, and identified using multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and whole-genome sequence (WGS) analysis were then performed for comparative analysis of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes. The results showed that these strains were susceptible to florfenicol, ceftriaxone, spectinomycin, sulfafurazole and cefepime, but resistant to kanamycin, amikacin, gentamicin, and streptomycin, exhibiting multiple antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. WGS analysis revealed a wide distribution of genotypes among the 157 strains with no apparent regional pattern. Through next-generation sequencing analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes, a total of 88 resistance genes were identified. Of them, 19 tetracycline resistance genes were most commonly found, followed by 15 efflux pump resistance genes, 11 glycopeptide resistance genes and seven macrolide resistance genes. The 157 R. anatipestifer strains contained 42-55 resistance genes each, with the strains carrying 47 different resistance genes being the most abundant. By comparing the antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype, it was observed that a high correlation between them for most antimicrobial resistance properties was detected, except for a difference in aminoglycoside resistance phenotype and genotype. In conclusion, 157 R. anatipestifer strains exhibited severe multiple antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes, emphasizing the need for improved antimicrobial usage guidelines. The wide distribution and diverse types of resistance genes among these strains provide a foundation for studying novel mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Dong
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, No. 8 Phoenix East Road, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, No. 8 Phoenix East Road, Taizhou 225300, China.
| | - Fan Sun
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, No. 8 Phoenix East Road, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, No. 8 Phoenix East Road, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Changming Guo
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, No. 8 Phoenix East Road, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, No. 8 Phoenix East Road, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, No. 8 Phoenix East Road, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Anping Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, No. 8 Phoenix East Road, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, No. 8 Phoenix East Road, Taizhou 225300, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Liang Z, Li H, Yang D, Yin L, Wu Y, Liu J, Zhou Q. A novel bivalent inactivated vaccine for ducks against Riemerella anatipestifer based on serotype distribution in southern China. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103427. [PMID: 38262334 PMCID: PMC10835443 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) causes epizootic infectious polyserositis in ducks with high mortality and leads to huge economic losses worldwide. Bacterial resistance poses a challenge for the control of the disease, vaccines failed to provide ideal cross-protection. Thus, the preparation of vaccines based on popular serotypes is important. In this study, we collected 700 brain and liver tissues of dead ducks from 8 provinces in southern China from 2016 to 2022 and obtained 195 RA isolates with serotypes 1, 2, 7, and 10. Serotypes 1 and 2 were the most prevalent (82%). A novel bivalent inactivated vaccine WZX-XT5 containing propolis adjuvant was prepared, we chose XT5 (serotype 1) and WZX (serotype 2) as vaccine strains and evaluated WZX-XT5-induced immune response and protective efficacy in ducks. Results showed that the XT5 (LD50, 3.5 × 103 CFU) exhibited high virulence and provided better protection against RA compared with ZXP, DCR and LCF1 (LD50, 108 CFU). Notably, the dose of 109 CFU provided ideal protection compared with 108 CFU, propolis and oil emulsion adjuvants induced stronger protective efficacy compared with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Importantly, WZX-XT5 immunization induced high levels of RA-specific IgY, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 in serum and offered over 90% protection against RA with ultra-high lethal dose in ducks. Additionally, no clinical signs of RA infection or obvious pathological damage in tissues were observed in protected ducks. Overall, this study first reports the identification, serotyping and virulence of RA in ducks of southern China and the preparation of a novel bivalent inactivated vaccine, providing useful scientific information to prevent and control RA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dehong Yang
- Wens Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Wens Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Yunyan Wu
- Wens Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Junfa Liu
- Wens Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China; Shandong Huachen Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Weifang, Shandong, 261205, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wens Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China.
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Luo Y, Chen M, Jiang Y, Wang W, Wang H, Deng L, Zhao Z. Study on the Genome and Mechanism of Tigecycline Resistance of a Clinical Chryseobacterium indologenes Strain. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:541-551. [PMID: 37733298 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Chryseobacterium indologenes is a clinically relevant microorganism that has been on the rise, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains being reported. C. indologenes carrying tet(X2) has been demonstrated to be resistant to the antibiotic tigecycline, yet, sensitive to all other members of the tetracycline family. This inconsistency in resistance prompts an inquiry into the contribution of tet(X2) to tigecycline resistance in C. indologenes. Materials and Methods: In this study, we report on a comprehensive analysis of the genomic mechanisms underlying tigecycline resistance in a MDR C. indologenes strain (CI3125) that was resistant to tigecycline but sensitive to tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline. We used whole-genome sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Western blot, antibiotic-degrading tests, and efflux pump inhibiting tests to reveal the mechanism of tigecycline resistance in C. indologenes and elucidate the inconsistency in the antibiotic resistance mechanism for the tetracycline family. Results: Our findings demonstrate that CI3125 carries 60 antibiotic resistance genes distributed on 6 different genetic islands (GIs), with the potential for horizontal transfer. Notably, the tet(X2) gene is located on GI06 of CI3125. Genetic environment analysis of tet(X2) showed that all tet(X2) genes in Flavobacterium and Bacteroides share a conservative and functional ribosome-binding site upstream. Contrary to expectation, our RT-qPCR showed that tet(X2) was not transcribed in CI3125, and Western blot suggested the absence of tet(X2) protein in CI3125. Rather, we demonstrate that minimum inhibitory concentration values for tigecycline decreased two- to eight-folds in the presence of five different efflux pump inhibitors [1-(1-naphthyl- methyl)-piperazine, phenyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide, verapamil, reserpine, and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone]. This finding provides evidence for the involvement of efflux pumps in tigecycline resistance, which is likely to be a universal mechanism among C. indologenes. Our study proposes that the inconsistency in resistance to the tetracycline family in CI3125 may be ascribed to the silence of tet(X2) and the functions of efflux pumps for tigecycline. Conclusions: Overall, our results highlight the importance of genomic approaches in understanding the underlying mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in clinically relevant microorganisms. While tet(X2) in CI3125 is silent, our findings suggest that it may be horizontally spread through GIs. Hence, our findings have significant implications for the management of C. indologenes infections in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Parasitology of the Basical Medicine of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Parasitology of the Basical Medicine of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Department of Parasitology of the Basical Medicine of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Department of Parasitology of the Basical Medicine of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen City, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Parasitology of the Basical Medicine of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zuguo Zhao
- Department of Parasitology of the Basical Medicine of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Lyu Z, Han S, Li J, Guo Z, Geng N, Lyu C, Qin L, Li N. Epidemiological investigation and drug resistance characteristics of Riemerella anatipestifer strains from large-scale duck farms in Shandong Province, China from March 2020 to March 2022. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102759. [PMID: 37209657 PMCID: PMC10209456 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious serositis is a common disease caused by Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) in ducks, characterized by respiratory distress, septicemia, and neurological symptoms. In this study, 1,020 samples (brain and liver) were collected from ducks with suspected R. anatipestifer infection from March 2020 to March 2022 in Shandong Province, of which 171 R. anatipestifer strains were identified by PCR and isolation culture. The serotype of all strains was analyzed, and 74 strains were subjected to drug sensitivity tests and drug resistance genes detection. The results showed that the overall prevalence rate of R. anatipestifer in Shandong Province was 16.7% (171/1,020), with most strains coming from brain samples of ducklings under 3-mo old collected from September to December each year. Histopathological examination showed that heart vessels of the diseased duck were highly dilated and filled with red blood cells, with obvious fibrin exudates outside the pericardium, and fatty degeneration of liver cells. There were 45 strains of serotype 1, 45 strains of serotype 2, 2 strains of serotype 4, 33 strains of serotype 6, 44 strains of serotype 7, and 2 strains of serotype 10. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10 common antibiotics against 74 representative strains was determined by the agar dilution method. It was found that 74 strains had the most severe resistance to gentamicin (77%) and fully susceptible to ceftriaxone, but the 81.1% isolated strains were multidrug resistant. Resistance genes testing of 74 R. anatipestifers showed that tetracycline resistance gene tet X had the highest detection rate of 95.9%, followed by macrolide resistance gene ermF with 77%, and the rate of β-lactam resistance gene blaTEM is the lowest (10.8%). The animal experiment of 4 R. anatipestifer strains with different serotypes showed that they had strong pathogenicity to 7-day-old ducklings, which could cause nervous symptoms, and the mortality rate was 58% to 70%. The autopsy showed obvious pathological changes. These findings of this study on R. anatipestifer will help us to understand the latest prevalence, drug resistance characteristics, and pathogenicity of R. anatipestifer in Shandong, China, and provide a scientific guide for the treatment and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Lyu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shanshan Han
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Livestock & Poultry Pathogen Biotechnology, Qingdao Jiazhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiyun Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ningwei Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuang Lyu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Livestock & Poultry Pathogen Biotechnology, Qingdao Jiazhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liting Qin
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Livestock & Poultry Pathogen Biotechnology, Qingdao Jiazhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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Min J, Kim P, Yun S, Hong M, Park W. Zoo animal manure as an overlooked reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and multidrug-resistant bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:710-726. [PMID: 35906519 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Animal fecal samples collected in the summer and winter from 11 herbivorous animals, including sable antelope (SA), long-tailed goral (LTG), and common eland (CE), at a public zoo were examined for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Seven antibiotics, including meropenem and azithromycin, were used to isolate culturable multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The manures from three animals (SA, LTG, and CE) contained 104-fold higher culturable MDR bacteria, including Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas species, while fewer MDR bacteria were isolated from manure from water buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant against all tested antibiotics. Three MDR bacteria-rich samples along with composite samples were further analyzed using nanopore-based technology. ARGs including lnu(C), tet(Q), and mef(A) were common and often associated with transposons in all tested samples, suggesting that transposons carrying ARGs may play an important role for the dissemination of ARGs in our tested animals. Although several copies of ARGs such as aph(3')-IIc, blaL1, blaIND-3, and tet(42) were found in the sequenced genomes of the nine MDR bacteria, the numbers and types of ARGs appeared to be less than expected in zoo animal manure, suggesting that MDR bacteria in the gut of the tested animals had intrinsic resistant phenotypes in the absence of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Min
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Pureun Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Yun
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Hong
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Emergence of plasmid-mediated tigecycline, β-lactam and florfenicol resistance genes tet(X), blaOXA-347 and floR in Riemerella anatipestifer isolated in China. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102057. [PMID: 35944374 PMCID: PMC9379664 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to develop, with the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through plasmids playing a major role. Recently, the antimicrobial resistance of R. anatipestifer has become increasingly severe, jeopardizing the development of the poultry industry. In this study, we used PromethION to determine the whole genome sequence of R. anatipestifer RCAD0416, a multidrug-resistant isolate from China. We detected a plasmid in the isolate. We named the plasmid pRCAD0416RA-1; the plasmid was 37356 bp in size with 36 putative open reading frames and included the blaOXA-347, floR, tet(X), ermF, ereD, and AadS resistance genes. Most resistance genes might be obtained from R. anatipestifer HXb2. Mobile elements and floR might be transmitted by plasmid pB18–2 from Acinetobacter indicus, and the ICEPg6Chn1 mobile elements can be transmitted from Proteus genomosp. The plasmid pRCAD0416RA-1 was transferred to Escherichia coli K-12 × 7232 via electroporation. Subsequent antimicrobial sensitivity tests (AST) showed a noticeable levels of antimicrobial resistance to β-lactams (4–8 fold), tigecycline (8 fold), and florfenicol (8 fold). These types of antibiotics are in common clinical use. The purpose of this article is to elucidate the basic characteristics of pRCAD0416RA-1 and the level of resistance mediated by blaOXA-347, floR, and tet(X).
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Li R, Jiang Y, Peng K, Wang Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Wang Z. Phenotypic and genomic analysis reveals Riemerella anatipestifer as the potential reservoir of tet(X) variants. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:374-380. [PMID: 35107139 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tigecycline is regarded as one of the last-resort antimicrobials clinically. Emergence of plasmid-mediated tet(X) undermines such an important drug. However, the origins of tet(X) remain largely unexplored. METHODS Riemerella anatipestifer strains were characterized by PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, WGS and bioinformatics analysis. Functional analysis of tet(X) was verified by cloning experiments. Genomic structures of chromosome- and plasmid-mediated tet(X) were analysed. RESULTS Thirty-eight R. anatipestifer strains were collected and found to be positive for tet(X). These strains were resistant to multiple antimicrobials; 55.3% (21/38) of the strains were resistant to tigecycline and all of the strains demonstrated resistance to tetracycline. The complete genome sequences of 18 representative strains were obtained. WGS analysis of 38 genomes identified 13 tet(X) variants located on chromosomes, which increased MICs of tigecycline (16-256-fold) for Escherichia coli, although most of them could not confer high-level resistance to tigecycline in the original R. anatipestifer hosts. Genomic environment analysis indicated that the occurrence of multiple tet(X) variants is common and other resistance genes, such as catB, tet(Q), floR, blaOXA, ereD and ermF, could be located in the same chromosomal regions. Two types of tet(X)-bearing segments were identified, one of which was floR-ISCR2-tet(X). This indicates that tet(X) variants were not conserved in chromosomal structures, but in regions with potential transferability. Furthermore, an MDR plasmid carrying tet(X18) was found in R. anatipestifer 20190305E2-2, different from the chromosomal tet(X21). CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that tet(X) is highly prevalent in R. anatipestifer. The transfer risk of tet(X) across R. anatipestifer to other clinical pathogens warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yongjia Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kai Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mianzhi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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Shousha A, Awad A, Younis G. Molecular Characterization, Virulence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Riemerella anatipestifer Isolated from Ducklings. Biocontrol Sci 2021; 26:181-186. [PMID: 34556621 DOI: 10.4265/bio.26.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to characterize Riemerella anatipestifer from ducklings, testing their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and to detect their virulence markers. Seven R. anatipestifer isolates with 11.67% infection rate were identified out of sixty freshly dead ducklings and confirmed by PCR assay targeting gyrB gene. The gyrB gene sequences of R. anatipestifer isolates were 100% identical to each other and also showed 100% sequence similarity to the published gyrB genes. Four virulence genes namely ompA, prtC, hagA, and sspA were identified in all isolates except sspA was detected in 5 isolates. The antibiogram revealed higher sensitive to imipenem, amikacin, and rifampin, while, a remarkably high resistance was displayed against ampicillin, penicillin, cefipime, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, ceftazidime, streptomycin and cefoperazone. Proper and rapid identification of R. anatipestifer with detection of their antimicrobial susceptibility and its virulence potential is essential for understanding the epidemiology of R. anatipestifer and to apply the effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Shousha
- Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University
| | - Amal Awad
- Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University
| | - Gamal Younis
- Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University
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Umar Z, Chen Q, Tang B, Xu Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Ji K, Jia X, Feng Y. The poultry pathogen Riemerella anatipestifer appears as a reservoir for Tet(X) tigecycline resistance. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7465-7482. [PMID: 34098588 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transferability of bacterial resistance to tigecycline, the 'last-resort' antibiotic, is an emerging challenge of global health concern. The plasmid-borne tet(X) that encodes a flavin-dependent monooxygenase represents a new mechanism for tigecycline resistance. Natural source for an ongoing family of Tet(X) resistance determinants is poorly understood. Here, we report the discovery of 26 new variants [tet(X18) to tet(X44)] from the poultry pathogen Riemerella anatipestifer, which expands extensively the current Tet(X) family. R. anatipestifer appears as a natural reservoir for tet(X), of which the chromosome harbours varied copies of tet(X) progenitors. Despite that an inactive ancestor rarely occurs, the action and mechanism of Tet(X2/4)-P, a putative Tet(X) progenitor, was comprehensively characterized, giving an intermediate level of tigecycline resistance. The potential pattern of Tet(X) dissemination from ducks to other animals and humans was raised, in the viewpoint of ecological niches. Therefore, this finding defines a large pool of natural sources for Tet(X) tigecycline resistance, heightening the need of efficient approaches to manage the inter-species transmission of tet(X) resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Umar
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Biao Tang
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products & Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Yongchang Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jinzi Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources & Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi, 530008, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kai Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Youjun Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
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10
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Acquisition and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance: A tet(X) Case Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083905. [PMID: 33918911 PMCID: PMC8069840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms leading to the rise and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is crucially important for the preservation of power of antimicrobials and controlling infectious diseases. Measures to monitor and detect AMR, however, have been significantly delayed and introduced much later after the beginning of industrial production and consumption of antimicrobials. However, monitoring and detection of AMR is largely focused on bacterial pathogens, thus missing multiple key events which take place before the emergence and spread of AMR among the pathogens. In this regard, careful analysis of AMR development towards recently introduced antimicrobials may serve as a valuable example for the better understanding of mechanisms driving AMR evolution. Here, the example of evolution of tet(X), which confers resistance to the next-generation tetracyclines, is summarised and discussed. Initial mechanisms of resistance to these antimicrobials among pathogens were mostly via chromosomal mutations leading to the overexpression of efflux pumps. High-level resistance was achieved only after the acquisition of flavin-dependent monooxygenase-encoding genes from the environmental microbiota. These genes confer resistance to all tetracyclines, including the next-generation tetracyclines, and thus were termed tet(X). ISCR2 and IS26, as well as a variety of conjugative and mobilizable plasmids of different incompatibility groups, played an essential role in the acquisition of tet(X) genes from natural reservoirs and in further dissemination among bacterial commensals and pathogens. This process, which took place within the last decade, demonstrates how rapidly AMR evolution may progress, taking away some drugs of last resort from our arsenal.
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11
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Investigation of tigecycline resistant Escherichia coli from raw meat reveals potential transmission among food-producing animals. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Omaleki L, Blackall PJ, Bisgaard M, Turni C. Molecular and serological characterization of Riemerella isolates associated with poultry in Australia. Avian Pathol 2020; 50:31-40. [PMID: 32990455 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1828568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A total of 62 isolates of Riemerella-like organisms, originally isolated from Australian poultry (10 from chickens, 46 from ducks, five from unknown hosts and one vaccine strain), were included in this study. On the basis of two published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that are reported to be specific for Riemerella anatipestifer, 51 of the isolates were identified as R. anatipestifer. Forty-six of these isolates had a detailed history and were sourced from ducks, while five were of unknown origin. The 11 remaining isolates failed to yield a positive reaction in either PCR with 10 originating from chickens and one from a duck. Amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of these isolates identified the duck isolate as Moraxella lacunta. Phylogenetic analysis of the 10 chicken isolates identified one as R. columbina and the remaining nine isolates as Riemerella-like taxon 2. The 51 Australian R. anatipestifer isolates were assigned by gel diffusion test to serovars 1 (26 isolates), 6 (seven isolates), 8 (five isolates), 9 (two isolates), 13 (one isolate) and 14 (one isolate) while nine isolates gave no reaction to any antiserum. A commercial system was used to perform DNA fingerprinting using rep-PCR analysis, which revealed different clusters with a lack of a clear relationship between the clusters and the serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Omaleki
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Queensland Australia
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Queensland Australia
| | - Magne Bisgaard
- Professor Emeritus, Bisgaard Consulting, Viby Sjaelland, Denmark
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Queensland Australia
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13
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Fang LX, Chen C, Cui CY, Li XP, Zhang Y, Liao XP, Sun J, Liu YH. Emerging High-Level Tigecycline Resistance: Novel Tetracycline Destructases Spread via the Mobile Tet(X). Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000014. [PMID: 32567703 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a great threat to global public health. Tigecycline is a next-generation tetracycline that is the final line of defense against severe infections by pan-drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Unfortunately, this last-resort antibiotic has been challenged by the recent emergence of the mobile Tet(X) orthologs that can confer high-level tigecycline resistance. As it is reviewed here, these novel tetracycline destructases represent a growing threat to the next-generation tetracyclines, and a basic framework for understanding the molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of them is presented. However, further large-scale epidemiological and functional studies are urgently needed to better understand the prevalence and dissemination of these newly discovered Tet(X) orthologs among Gram-negative bacteria in both human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chong Chen
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chao-Yue Cui
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xing-Ping Li
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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14
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Yang D, Mai K, Zhou Q, Zhu Y, Xing J, Luo C, Liu S, Zhou Q, Huang W, Luo J, Liu J. The protective efficacy of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin Y(IgY) against Riemerella Anatipestifer infections. Vet Microbiol 2020; 243:108642. [PMID: 32273021 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is the significant pathogen of septicemia and duck infectious serositis, diseases which can result in high mortality for ducklings. However, these diseases are difficult to treat because of the bacteria's broad resistance to multiple drugs. The purpose of this study was to produce a specific egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY) targeted to RA, and to evaluate the protective efficacy of this IgY against RA infection. An RA-inactivated vaccine was produced via centrifugation and formalin treatment, using the most predominant serotype 2 wild-type strains in terms of worldwide prevalence. Anti-RA IgY was produced by immunizing Beijing Red No.1 hens with the inactivated vaccine. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that the titer levels of anti-RA IgY antibodies increased significantly after exposure. Specific IgY isolated and purified from yolks effectively inhibited the growth of RA in the antibacterial activity assay, which revealed an 80 % reduction of bacteria populations. Animal experiments showed that duckling survival rates were able to reach up to 100 % after the ducklings were treated with 10 mg intramuscular injections of anti-RA IgY from 1 to 12 h after infection. However, the survival rates of ducklings treated with 30 mg of nonspecific IgY at 1 h after infection were 0%. Additionally, ducklings injected once with anti-RA IgY received complete protection in the first week, but the efficacy of this protection almost entirely disappeared after two weeks. The results suggested that specific anti-RA IgY has the potential to improve the degree of protection and responsiveness of ducklings to RA infections and provide them with passive immunity to RA. With further study, this is expected to become a new method for controlling RA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Yang
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaijie Mai
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Cuifen Luo
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junrong Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junfa Liu
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Xinxing, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Zhu D, Zheng M, Xu J, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Liu Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Pan L, Chen X, Cheng A. Prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and mutations in the gyrA, parC and parE genes of Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from ducks in China. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:271. [PMID: 31795952 PMCID: PMC6892153 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Riemerella anatipestifer is one of the most serious infectious disease-causing pathogens in the duck industry. Drug administration is an important method for prevention and treatment of infection in duck production, leading to widespread drug resistance in R. anatipestifer. METHODS For a total of 162 isolates of R. anatipestifer, the MICs were determined for a quinolone antimicrobial agent, namely, nalidixic acid, and three fluoroquinolones, namely, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and ofloxacin. The gyrA, parC, and parE gene fragments were amplified by PCR to identify the mutation sites in these strains. Site-directed mutants with mutations that were detected at a high frequency in vivo were constructed (hereafter referred to as site-directed in vivo mutants), and the MICs of these four drugs for these strains were determined. RESULTS In total, 100, 97.8, 99.3 and 97.8% of the 137 R. anatipestifer strains isolated between 2013 and 2018 showed resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ofloxacin, respectively. The high-frequency mutation sites were detected in a total of 162 R. anatipestifer strains, such as Ser83Ile and Ser83Arg, which are two types of substitution mutations of amino acid 83 in GyrA; Val799Ala and Ile811Val in ParC; and Val357Ile, His358Tyr, and Arg541Lys in ParE. MIC analysis results for the site-directed in vivo mutants showed that the strains with only the Ser83Ile mutation in GyrA exhibited an 8-16-fold increase in MIC values, and all mutants showed resistance to ampicillin and ceftiofur. CONCLUSIONS The resistance of R. anatipestifer to quinolone agents is a serious problem. Amino acid 83 in GyrA is the major target mutation site for the fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism of R. anatipestifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyu Zheng
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinge Xu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Leichang Pan
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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16
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Kim DW, Thawng CN, Lee K, Wellington EMH, Cha CJ. A novel sulfonamide resistance mechanism by two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase system in sulfonamide-degrading actinobacteria. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:206-215. [PMID: 30928844 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamide-degrading bacteria have been discovered in various environments, suggesting the presence of novel resistance mechanisms via drug inactivation. In this study, Microbacterium sp. CJ77 capable of utilizing various sulfonamides as a sole carbon source was isolated from a composting facility. Genome and proteome analyses revealed that a gene cluster containing a flavin-dependent monooxygenase and a flavin reductase was highly up-regulated in response to sulfonamides. Biochemical analysis showed that the two-component monooxygenase system was key enzymes for the initial cleavage of sulfonamides. Co-expression of the two-component system in Escherichia coli conferred decreased susceptibility to sulfamethoxazole, indicating that the genes encoding drug-inactivating enzymes are potential resistance determinants. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the gene cluster containing sulfonamide monooxygenase (renamed as sulX) and flavin reductase (sulR) was highly conserved in a genomic island shared among sulfonamide-degrading actinobacteria, all of which also contained sul1-carrying class 1 integrons. These results suggest that the sulfonamide metabolism may have evolved in sulfonamide-resistant bacteria which had already acquired the class 1 integron under sulfonamide selection pressures. Furthermore, the presence of multiple insertion sequence elements and putative composite transposon structures containing the sulX gene cluster indicated potential mobilization. This is the first study to report that sulX responsible for both sulfonamide degradation and resistance is prevalent in sulfonamide-degrading actinobacteria and its genetic signatures indicate horizontal gene transfer of the novel resistance gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Wi Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology and Center for Antibiotic Resistome, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea
| | - Cung Nawl Thawng
- Department of Systems Biotechnology and Center for Antibiotic Resistome, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology and Center for Antibiotic Resistome, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chang-Jun Cha
- Department of Systems Biotechnology and Center for Antibiotic Resistome, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Neshani A, Zare H, Akbari Eidgahi MR, Khaledi A, Ghazvini K. Epinecidin-1, a highly potent marine antimicrobial peptide with anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:33. [PMID: 31138331 PMCID: PMC6537373 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are an emerging threat in this century. Epinecidin-1 is a multi-functional Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) produced by Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) has been shown to have extensive potentials as an alternative for current antibiotics. Due to the huge costs for the study and the production of a new drug, if an antimicrobial peptide has other beneficial functions in addition to antimicrobial activities, it would be preferred. METHODS In this study, properties and applications of Epinecidin-1 were investigated and addressed comprehensively. To achieve this, the Google Scholar search engine and three databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used. RESULTS Epinecidin-1 is a cationic AMP with an alpha-helical structure. Seven functional usages of this peptide have been reported in the literature including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and wound healing properties. Moreover, this peptide has high potential to be used as an active ingredient in cleaning solutions as well as application in vaccine production. CONCLUSION Due to significant antimicrobial activities tested on bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori and also wound healing properties, Epi-1 has high potential to be considered as an important candidate for the production of new drugs and treatment of various infections including diabetic foot ulcer and peptic ulcer. Moreover, adjuvant-like properties of Epi-1 make it a suitable candidate for the studies related to an adjuvant. Other attractive properties such as anticancer effects have also been reported for this peptide which encourages further studies on this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Neshani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosna Zare
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Azad Khaledi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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18
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Tang T, Wu Y, Lin H, Li Y, Zuo H, Gao Q, Wang C, Pei X. The drug tolerant persisters of Riemerella anatipestifer can be eradicated by a combination of two or three antibiotics. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:137. [PMID: 30340538 PMCID: PMC6194556 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Riemerella anatipestifer (RA), the causative agent of duck infectious serositis, leads to high mortality in duck flocks and great economic losses in duck industry. Previous studies on RA are largely focused on its detection, virulence factors, serology, epidemiology as well as antibiotic resistance. Neither drug tolerant persisters nor the persister level under the treatment of antibiotics has been revealed. The persisters are non-growing or dormant cells within an isogenic bacterial population; they play important roles in recurrent infection and formation of drug resistant mutants. The aim of this study is to detect the drug tolerant persisters from the exponentially grown population of RA reference strain (RA 11845) or RA clinical isolate (RA TQ3), and address whether a single antibiotic or a combination of two or three antimicrobials can eradicate the persisters at respective maximum serum/plasma concentration (Cmax). Result With the concentration of a test antibiotic increased, a small fraction of cells in the exponentially grown culture of RA reference strain (RA 11845) or RA clinical isolate (RA TQ3) always survived, irrespective of treatment time, indicating the presence of drug tolerant presisters. A single antibiotic cannot eradicate the persisters of both RA strains at respective Cmax, except that the Cmax of ceftiofur wiped out the population of the reference strain (RA 11845). Besides, the clinical isolate RA TQ3 presented a higher tolerance to ceftiofur in comparison to that of the reference strain (RA 11845). Combination of any two or three antimicrobials eliminated the drug tolerant persisters of RA TQ3 completely at respective Cmax. Conclusion A sub-community of drug tolerant persisters was present in RA population. Persisters of RA TQ3 are single drug tolerant and not multidrug tolerant persisters. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1303-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Wu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Lin
- Sichuan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyu Li
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojiang Zuo
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaofang Pei
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Chen Q, Gong X, Zheng F, Ji G, Li S, Stipkovits L, Szathmary S, Liu Y. Interplay Between the Phenotype and Genotype, and Efflux Pumps in Drug-Resistant Strains of Riemerella anatipestifer. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2136. [PMID: 30327640 PMCID: PMC6174861 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of multidrug-resistant strains of Riemerella anatipestifer continues to increase, and new strategies for the treatment of associated infections are necessary. Recently, numerous studies have shown that efflux pumps (EPs) play key roles in universal bacterial mechanisms that contribute to antibiotic resistance. In addition, studies have shown that the effects of antibiotics that are subjected to efflux can be reinforced by their combined use with efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). Unfortunately, the role of the efflux system in R. anatipestifer remains barely understood. In this study, we evaluated the role of EPs and resistance genes in the resistance generated by clinical strains of R. anatipestifer to antibiotics. A set of 10 R. anatipestifer strains were characterized by drug resistance, associated resistance genes, and antibiotic profiles in the presence and absence of EPIs. Efflux activity was studied on a real time basis through a fluorometric method. Quantification of the levels of mRNA transcription of efflux pump genes (EPGs) was determined by RT-qPCR. Several approaches (detection of resistance genes, drug susceptibility testing, and growth kinetics analysis) were used to assess the correlation between the effect of the EPIs and the resistance levels. Analysis of the R. anatipestifer growth inhibition tests showed that the antibiotic activity was enhanced by the synergy of EPIs. Among the various resistance genes that confer antibiotic resistance, different minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were observed. The different levels of resistance were reduced by EPIs. Real time fluorometry showed that all the R. anatipestifer strains presented inherent efflux activity, conferring varying levels of inhibition in the presence of EPIs. Moreover, 15 EPGs were overexpressed in the presence of antibiotics. The addition of EPIs to antibiotics led to downregulation in the expression of some EPGs and a simultaneous increase in drug resistance and sensitivity. These results demonstrated the contribution of these EPs in the resistant phenotype of the clinical strains of R. anatipestifer that are under investigation, independently of the resistant genotype of the respective strains. Intrinsic efflux activity was possibly linked to the evolution of resistance in multidrug-resistant isolates of R. anatipestifer. Furthermore, the inhibition of EPs by EPIs could enhance the clinical effects of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fuying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengdou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | | | | | - Yongsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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20
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Immunogenicity and safety of a live Riemerella anatipestifer vaccine and the contribution of IgA to protective efficacy in Pekin ducks. Vet Microbiol 2018; 222:132-138. [PMID: 30037633 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) infections cause major economic losses in the duck industry. In this study, we developed an RA vaccine to control virulent serotype 1 and 2 RA, which predominate in worldwide prevalence. We established a strategy for vaccine candidate screening, and selected strains D15-RDA-92 (serotype 1) and D14-RDA-8 (serotype 2). These strains were characterized by ≤50% embryo mortality and <3.0 serum resistance assay values in in vitro screening. We evaluated the protective efficacy of live bivalent RA vaccines against virulent homologous serotype RA. Ducklings received two oral immunizations with the bivalent vaccine and showed significant protection against two virulent strains (serotypes 1 and 2) at 21 days post-immunization. No death or clinical signs of diarrhea, tremors, or limb swelling were observed in the immunized ducks. In a safety evaluation, ducks immunized with 100 times higher doses showed no clinical signs, mortality, gross lesions, or histological lesions, and body weight of the ducks showed no significant difference compared to that of negative controls. In addition, IgA analysis showed a significant increase in secretory IgA antibodies generated in the trachea and duodenum of orally immunized ducks at 28 days of age. The IgA might be involved in one of the major immune responses to RA and contributes to protecting against virulent RA. In this study, we developed monovalent and bivalent RA vaccines that were safe in ducks and provided significant protective efficacy against virulent homologous RA strains.
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21
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Threshold level of Riemerella anatipestifer crossing blood-brain barrier and expression profiles of immune-related proteins in blood and brain tissue from infected ducks. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 200:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Zhu DK, Luo HY, Liu MF, Zhao XX, Jia RY, Chen S, Sun KF, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen XY, Cheng AC, Wang MS. Various Profiles of tet Genes Addition to tet(X) in Riemerella anatipestifer Isolates From Ducks in China. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:585. [PMID: 29636748 PMCID: PMC5880999 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate tetracycline resistance and resistant genotype in Riemerella anatipestifer, the tetracycline susceptibility of 212 R. anatipestifer isolates from China between 2011 and 2017 was tested. The results showed that 192 of 212 (90.6%) R. anatipestifer isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline (the MICs ranged from 4 to 256 μg/ml). The results of PCR detection showed that, 170 of 212 (80.2%) R. anatipestifer isolates possessed the tet(X) gene. Other genes, including tet(A), tet(M), tet(Q), tet(O), tet(B), and tet(O/W/32/O), were found at frequencies of 20.8, 4.7, 1.4, 0.9, 0.9, and 0.5%, respectively. However, tet(C), tet(E), tet(G), tet(K), and tet(W) were not detected in any isolate. In these tet gene positive strains, 31 (14.6%), 2 (0.9%), 5 (2.4%), 1 (0.5%), 3 (1.4%) were detected containing tet(A)/tet(X), tet(M)/tet(O), tet(M)/tet(X), tet(O)/tet(X), and tet(Q)/tet(X) simultaneously, respectively. One isolates, R131, unexpectedly contained three tet genes, i.e., tet(M), tet(O), and tet(X). Sequence analysis of the tet gene ORFs cloned from R. anatipestifer isolates confirmed that tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q) and an unusual mosaic tet gene tet(O/W/32/O) were present in R. anatipestifer. The MIC results of R. anatipestifer ATCC 11845 transconjugants carrying tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), tet(O), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(Q), and tet(X) genes exhibited tetracycline resistance with MIC values ranging from 4 to 64 μg/ml. Additionally, the tet(X) gene could transfer into susceptible strain via natural transformation (transformation frequencies of ~10−6). In conclusion, the tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), tet(O), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(Q), and tet(X) genes were found and conferred tetracycline resistance in R. anatipestifer isolates. Moreover, the tet(X) is the main mechanism of tetracycline resistance in R. anatipestifer isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), and mosaic gene tet(O/W/32/O) in R. anatipestifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Kang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Yan Luo
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ma-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Chen
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - An-Chun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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23
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Jang HM, Shin J, Choi S, Shin SG, Park KY, Cho J, Kim YM. Fate of antibiotic resistance genes in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:433-444. [PMID: 28797965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) sludge and non-CEPT (conventional sedimentation) sludge were comparatively operated under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The highest methane yield (692.46±0.46mL CH4/g VSremoved in CEPT sludge) was observed in mesophilic AD of CEPT sludge. Meanwhile, thermophilic conditions were more favorable for the removal of total antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, no measurable difference in the fates and removal of ARGs and class 1 integrin-integrase gene (intI1) was observed between treated non-CEPT and CEPT sludge. However, redundancy analysis indicated that shifts in bacterial community were primarily accountable for the variations in ARGs and intI1. Network analysis further revealed potential host bacteria for ARGs and intI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Jang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingyeong Shin
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangki Choi
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Shin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental System Engineering, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mo Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Li T, Shan M, He J, Wang X, Wang S, Tian M, Qi J, Luo T, Shi Y, Ding C, Yu S. Riemerella anatipestifer M949_0459 gene is responsible for the bacterial resistance to tigecycline. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96615-96626. [PMID: 29228556 PMCID: PMC5722508 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on its important role in last-line therapeutics against multidrug-resistant bacteria, tigecycline has been increasingly important in treating infections. However, mounting reports on tigecycline-resistant bacterial strains isolated from different sources are of concern, and molecular mechanisms regarding tigecycline resistance are poorly understood. Riemerella anatipestifer is a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, which causes fibrinous pericarditis, perihepatitis, and meningitis in infected ducks. We previously constructed a random transposon mutant library using Riemerella anatipestifer strain CH3, in present study, we described that Riemerella anatipestifer M949_0459 gene is responsible for the bacterial resistance to tigecycline. Using the minimum inhibitory concentration assay, a mutant strain showed significantly increased (about six-fold) tigecycline susceptibility. Subsequently, the knocked-down gene was identified as M949_0459, a putative flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent oxidoreductase. To confirm the resistance function, M949_0459 gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21, and the minimum inhibitory concentration analysis showed that the gene product conferred resistance to tigecycline. Additionally, expression of the M949_0459 gene under treatment with tigecycline was measured with quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed that the mRNA expression of M949_0459 gene was elevated under tigecycline treatment with dose range of 1-10 mg/L, and peaked at 4 mg/L. Moreover, two kinds of efflux pump inhibitors, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone and phenylalanine arginyl β-naphthylamide were tested, which showed no function on tigecycline resistance in the strain CH3. Our results may provide insights into molecular mechanisms for chemotherapy in combating Riemerella anatipestifer infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing He
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingrong Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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25
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Huang L, Yuan H, Liu MF, Zhao XX, Wang MS, Jia RY, Chen S, Sun KF, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen XY, Cheng AC, Zhu DK. Type B Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferases Are Responsible for Chloramphenicol Resistance in Riemerella anatipestifer, China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:297. [PMID: 28298905 PMCID: PMC5331189 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer causes serositis and septicaemia in domestic ducks, geese, and turkeys. Traditionally, the antibiotics were used to treat this disease. Currently, our understanding of R. anatipestifer susceptibility to chloramphenicol and the underlying resistance mechanism is limited. In this study, the cat gene was identified in 69/192 (36%) R. anatipestifer isolated from different regions in China, including R. anatipestifer CH-2 that has been sequenced in previous study. Sequence analysis suggested that there are two copies of cat gene in this strain. Only both two copies of the cat mutant strain showed a significant decrease in resistance to chloramphenicol, exhibiting 4 μg/ml in the minimum inhibitory concentration for this antibiotic, but not for the single cat gene deletion strains. Functional analysis of the cat gene via expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells and in vitro site-directed mutagenesis indicated that His79 is the main catalytic residue of CAT in R. anatipestifer. These results suggested that chloramphenicol resistance of R. anatipestifer CH-2 is mediated by the cat genes. Finally, homology analysis of types A and B CATs indicate that R. anatipestifer comprises type B3 CATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu, China
| | - Ma-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ming-Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Kun-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Chen
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu, China
| | - An-Chun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu, China
| | - De-Kang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
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26
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Wang M, Zhang P, Zhu D, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Sun K, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen X, Biville F, Cheng A, Liu M. Identification of the ferric iron utilization gene B739_1208 and its role in the virulence of R. anatipestifer CH-1. Vet Microbiol 2017; 201:162-169. [PMID: 28284604 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is an important bacterial pathogen in ducks and causes heavy economic losses in the duck industry. However, the pathogensis of this bacterium is poorly understood. In this study, a putative outer membrane hemin receptor gene B739_1208 in R. anatipestifer CH-1 was deleted to determine the relationship between iron uptake and virulence. The R. anatipestifer CH-1ΔB739_1208 mutants grew significantly more slowly than the wild-type bacteria in TSB liquid medium. Further characterization revealed that the R. anatipestifer CH-1ΔB739_1208 mutants were deficient in iron uptake. Animal experiments indicated that the median lethal dose of the wild-type RA-CH-1 in ducklings was 3.89×108, whereas the median lethal dose of the R. anatipestifer CH-1ΔB739_1208 mutant in ducklings was 5.68×109. The median lethal dose of the complementation strain in ducklings was 9.84×108. Additional analysis indicated that bacterial loads in the blood, liver, and brain tissues in the R. anatipestifer CH-1ΔB739_1208-infected ducklings were significantly decreased compared to those in the wild-type R. anatipestifer CH-1 infected ducklings. In a duck co-infection model with R. anatipestifer CH-1 and R. anatipestifer CH-1ΔB739_1208, the R. anatipestifer CH-1B739_1208 mutant was outcompeted by the wild-type R. anatipestifer CH-1 in the blood (P<0.002), livers (P<0.001) and brains (P<0.001) of infected ducks, indicating that B739_1208 gene expression provided a competitive advantage in these organs. Our results demonstrate that the B739_1208 gene is a virulence factor in R. anatipestifer CH-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengYi Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - PengYun Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - DeKang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - MingShu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - RenYong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - KunFeng Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - XiaoYue Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Francis Biville
- Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - AnChun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - MaFeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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27
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Tong J, Liu J, Zheng X, Zhang J, Ni X, Chen M, Wei Y. Fate of antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes during enhanced anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge by microwave pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 217:37-43. [PMID: 26970692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated during the sludge anaerobic digestion (AD) with microwave-acid (MW-H), microwave (MW) and microwave-H2O2-alkaline (MW-H2O2) pretreatments. Results showed that combined MW pretreatment especially for the MW-H pretreatment could efficiently reduce the ARB concentration, and most ARG concentrations tended to attenuate during the pretreatment. The subsequent AD showed evident removal of the ARB, but most ARGs were enriched after AD. Only the concentration of tetX kept continuous declination during the whole sludge treatment. The total ARGs concentration showed significant correlation with 16S rRNA during the pretreatment and AD. Compared with unpretreated sludge, the AD of MW and MW-H2O2 pretreated sludge presented slightly better ARB and ARGs reduction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jibao Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Junya Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaotang Ni
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meixue Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Fernandez CP, Kim WH, Diaz JAR, Jeong J, Afrin F, Kim S, Jang HK, Lee BH, Yim D, Lillehoj HS, Min W. Upregulation of duck interleukin-17A during Riemerella anatipestifer infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 63:36-46. [PMID: 27212414 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although IL-17 cytokines play critical roles in host defense immunity, dysregulated expression of these cytokines is associated with inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Riemerella anatipestifer is the most important infectious bacterium in the duck industry. Interestingly, not all avian species are equally susceptible to R. anatipestifer infection. This paper reports the first description of mortality rate, bacterial burden, and expression profiles of immune-related genes between ducks and chickens infected with R. anatipestifer. Ducks exhibited increased susceptibility to R. anatipestifer infection compared to chickens, as determined by mortality rate and bacterial burden. Comparative expression analyses of immune-related genes in R. anatipestifer-infected tissues obtained from both species revealed that TLR3, TLR7, IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ transcript levels were higher in chickens, whereas TLR4 and IL-17A transcript levels were higher in ducks. Marked increases in expression of IL-17A and IL-6, but not TGF-β, were associated with Th17 cell differentiation in duck splenic lymphocytes, but not in chicken splenic lymphocytes, stimulated with R. anatipestifer. Moreover, upregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A mRNA expressions, but not TGF-β, was confirmed in the liver and spleen of ducks infected with R. anatipestifer, indicating that IL-17A is strongly associated with Riemerella infection in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry P Fernandez
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo H Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Joyce Anne R Diaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jipseol Jeong
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Fahmida Afrin
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kwan Jang
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine & Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyung Lee
- Daesung Microbiological Laboratory, Samdong, Uiwangsi, Gyeonggido, 16103, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjean Yim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Wongi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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The Riemerella anatipestifer AS87_01735 Gene Encodes Nicotinamidase PncA, an Important Virulence Factor. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5815-23. [PMID: 27451449 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01829-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Riemerella anatipestifer is a major bacterial pathogen that causes septicemic and exudative diseases in domestic ducks. In our previous study, we found that deletion of the AS87_01735 gene significantly decreased the bacterial virulence of R. anatipestifer strain Yb2 (mutant RA625). The AS87_01735 gene was predicted to encode a nicotinamidase (PncA), a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of nicotinamide to nicotinic acid, which is an important reaction in the NAD(+) salvage pathway. In this study, the AS87_01735 gene was expressed and identified as the PncA-encoding gene, using an enzymatic assay. Western blot analysis demonstrated that R. anatipestifer PncA was localized to the cytoplasm. The mutant strain RA625 (named Yb2ΔpncA in this study) showed a similar growth rate but decreased NAD(+) quantities in both the exponential and stationary phases in tryptic soy broth culture, compared with the wild-type strain Yb2. In addition, Yb2ΔpncA-infected ducks showed much lower bacterial loads in their blood, and no visible histological changes were observed in the heart, liver, and spleen. Furthermore, Yb2ΔpncA immunization of ducks conferred effective protection against challenge with the virulent wild-type strain Yb2. Our results suggest that the R. anatipestifer AS87_01735 gene encodes PncA, which is an important virulence factor, and that the Yb2ΔpncA mutant can be used as a novel live vaccine candidate. IMPORTANCE Riemerella anatipestifer is reported worldwide as a cause of septicemic and exudative diseases of domestic ducks. The pncA gene encodes a nicotinamidase (PncA), a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of nicotinamide to nicotinic acid, which is an important reaction in the NAD(+) salvage pathway. In this study, we identified and characterized the pncA-homologous gene AS87_01735 in R. anatipestifer strain Yb2. R. anatipestifer PncA is a cytoplasmic protein that possesses similar PncA activity, compared with other organisms. Generation of the pncA mutant Yb2ΔpncA led to a decrease in the NAD(+) content, which was associated with decreased capacity for invasion and attenuated virulence in ducks. Furthermore, Yb2ΔpncA immunization of ducks conferred effective protection against challenge with the virulent wild-type strain Yb2. Altogether, these results suggest that PncA contributes to the virulence of R. anatipestifer and that the Yb2ΔpncA mutant can be used as a novel live vaccine candidate.
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Genomic epidemiology and global diversity of the emerging bacterial pathogen Elizabethkingia anophelis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30379. [PMID: 27461509 PMCID: PMC4961963 DOI: 10.1038/srep30379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia anophelis is an emerging pathogen involved in human infections and outbreaks in distinct world regions. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships and pathogenesis-associated genomic features of two neonatal meningitis isolates isolated 5 years apart from one hospital in Central African Republic and compared them with Elizabethkingia from other regions and sources. Average nucleotide identity firmly confirmed that E. anophelis, E. meningoseptica and E. miricola represent demarcated genomic species. A core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme, broadly applicable to Elizabethkingia species, was developed and made publicly available (http://bigsdb.pasteur.fr/elizabethkingia). Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct E. anophelis sublineages and demonstrated high genetic relatedness between the African isolates, compatible with persistence of the strain in the hospital environment. CRISPR spacer variation between the African isolates was mirrored by the presence of a large mobile genetic element. The pan-genome of E. anophelis comprised 6,880 gene families, underlining genomic heterogeneity of this species. African isolates carried unique resistance genes acquired by horizontal transfer. We demonstrated the presence of extensive variation of the capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene cluster in E. anophelis. Our results demonstrate the dynamic evolution of this emerging pathogen and the power of genomic approaches for Elizabethkingia identification, population biology and epidemiology.
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31
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Zhao X, Liu Q, Zhang J, Luo Y, Luo Y, Liu Q, Li P, Kong Q. Identification of a gene in Riemerella anatipestifer CH-1 (B739-2187) that contributes to resistance to polymyxin B and evaluation of its mutant as a live attenuated vaccine. Microb Pathog 2016; 91:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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32
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Qiu Z, Cao C, Qu Y, Lu Y, Sun M, Zhang Y, Zhong J, Zeng Z. In vivo
activity of cefquinome against Riemerella anatipestifer
using the pericarditis model in the duck. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 39:299-304. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU); South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - C. Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU); South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y. Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU); South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y. Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU); South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - M. Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU); South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y. Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU); South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - J. Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU); South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Z. Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU); South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
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Xing L, Yu H, Qi J, Jiang P, Sun B, Cui J, Ou C, Chang W, Hu Q. ErmF and ereD are responsible for erythromycin resistance in Riemerella anatipestifer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131078. [PMID: 26107936 PMCID: PMC4481100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the genetic basis of erythromycin resistance in Riemerella anatipestifer, the MIC to erythromycin of 79 R. anatipestifer isolates from China and one typed strain, ATCC11845, were evaluated. The results showed that 43 of 80 (53.8%) of the tested R. anatipestifer strains showed resistance to erythromycin, and 30 of 43 erythromycin-resistant R. anatipestifer strains carried ermF or ermFU with an MIC in the range of 32–2048 μg/ml, while the other 13 strains carrying the ereD gene exhibited an MIC of 4–16 μg/ml. Of 30 ermF + R. anatipestifer strains, 27 (90.0%) carried the ermFU gene which may have been derived from the CTnDOT-like element, while three other strains carried ermF from transposon Tn4351. Moreover, sequence analysis revealed that ermF, ermFU, and ereD were located within the multiresistance region of the R. anatipestifer genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xing
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junsheng Cui
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Changcan Ou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Weishan Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018, China
- * E-mail: (QH); (WC)
| | - Qinghai Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
- * E-mail: (QH); (WC)
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34
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Ghosh S, LaPara TM, Sadowsky MJ. Transformation of tetracycline by TetX and its subsequent degradation in a heterologous host. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv059. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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35
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Luo H, Liu M, Wang L, Zhou W, Wang M, Cheng A, Jia R, Chen S, Sun K, Yang Q, Chen X, Zhu D. Identification of ribosomal RNA methyltransferase gene ermF in Riemerella anatipestifer. Avian Pathol 2015; 44:162-8. [PMID: 25690020 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1019828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer is a major bacterial pathogen of waterfowl, globally responsible for avian septicaemic disease. As chemotherapy is the predominant method for the prevention and treatment of R. anatipestifer infection in poultry, the widespread use of antibiotics has favoured the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. However, little is known about R. anatipestifer susceptibility to macrolide antibiotics and its resistance mechanism. We report for the first time the identification of a macrolide resistance mechanism in R. anatipestifer that is mediated by the ribosomal RNA methyltransferase ermF. We identified the presence of the ermF gene in 64/206 (31%) R. anatipestifer isolates from different regions in China. An ermF deletion strain was constructed to investigate the function of the ermF gene on the resistance to high levels of macrolides. The ermF mutant strain showed significantly decreased resistance to macrolide and lincosamide, exhibiting 1024-, 1024-, 4- and >2048-fold reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentrations for erythromycin, azithromycin, tylosin and lincomycin, respectively. Furthermore, functional analysis of ermF expression in E. coli XL1-blue showed that the R. anatipestifer ermF gene was functional in E. coli XL1-blue and conferred resistance to high levels of erythromycin (100 µg/ml), supporting the hypothesis that the ermF gene is associated with high-level macrolide resistance. Our work suggests that ribosomal RNA modification mediated by the ermF methyltransferase is the predominant mechanism of resistance to erythromycin in R. anatipestifer isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Luo
- a Research Center of Avian Diseases , College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University , Sichuan , P.R. China
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Development of a subunit vaccine containing recombinant Riemerella anatipestifer outer membrane protein A and CpG ODN adjuvant. Vaccine 2014; 33:92-9. [PMID: 25448104 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer, a Gram-negative bacillus, causes septicemia that can result in high mortality for ducklings. In this study, we evaluated the immune response and protective efficacy provided by a subunit vaccine containing recombinant outer membrane protein A (rOmpA) and plasmid constructs containing CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). Results showed that CpG ODN enhanced both humoral and cell-mediated immunity elicited by rOmpA as early as two weeks after primary immunization. When compared to ducks immunized with rOmpA, ducks immunized with rOmpA+CpG ODN showed higher levels (p<0.05) of antibody titer, T cell proliferation, and percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The relative fold inductions of mRNA expression of Th1-type (IFN-γ and IL-12), and Th2-type (IL-6) cytokines in PBMCs isolated from ducks immunized with rOmpA+CpG ODN were significantly higher than those of the rOmpA group. Homologous challenge result showed that the rOmpA+CpG ODN vaccine reduced the pathological score by 90% in comparison with the saline control. In conclusion, our study found that CpG ODN can enhance both humoral and cellular immunity elicited by a rOmpA vaccine. The rOmpA+CpG ODN vaccine can be further developed as a subunit vaccine against R. anatipestifer.
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37
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Draft Genome Sequence of Sphingobacterium sp. Strain PM2-P1-29, a Tetracycline-Degrading TetX-Expressing Aerobic Bacterium Isolated from Agricultural Soil. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/5/e00963-14. [PMID: 25301646 PMCID: PMC4192378 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00963-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The genome of Sphingobacterium sp. strain PM2-P1-29 was sequenced. The bacterium contains a physiologically active tet(X) gene, encoding a tetracycline-degrading monooxygenase. To our knowledge, this is the only bacterium naturally harboring tet(X) for which tetracycline degradation has been demonstrated.
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38
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Kong LC, Gao D, Gao YH, Liu SM, Ma HX. Fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism of clinical isolates and selected mutants of Pasteurella multocida from bovine respiratory disease in China. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:1655-7. [PMID: 25649952 PMCID: PMC4300385 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MICs), mutation prevention concentrations (MPCs) and contribution of
quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations to fluoroquinolone
(ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and orbifloxacin) susceptibility in 23 Pasteurella
multocida (Pm) isolates were investigated.
Fluoroquinolone-susceptible isolates (MICs ≤0.25 µg/ml,
9 isolates) had no QRDR mutations, and their respective MPCs were low.
Fluoroquinolone-intermediate isolates (MICs=0.5 µg/ml,
14 isolates) had QRDR mutations (Asp87 to Asn or Ala84 to Pro in gyrA),
and their respective MPCs were high (4–32 µg/ml).
First-step mutants (n=5) and laboratory-derived highly resistant fluoroquinolone mutants
(n=5) also had QRDR mutations. The MICs of fluoroquinolones for mutant-derived strains
were decreased in the presence of efflux inhibitors. The results indicated that the
fluoroquinolone resistance of Pm is mainly due to multiple target gene
mutations in gyrA and parC and the overexpression of
efflux pump genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Cong Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No.#2888, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
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39
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Zeng X, Wang P, Li J, Wu W. Levamisole enhances immunity in ducklings vaccinated againstRiemerella anatipestifer. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 58:456-62. [PMID: 24931647 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Technology for Animal Disease; Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road Beijing 100193 China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service; Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture; A15 Beiyuan Road Beijing 100107 China
| | - Xiangfan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Technology for Animal Disease; Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road Beijing 100193 China
| | - Peng Wang
- Animal Health Inspection Institute; No. 3 ShangYuanCun Beijing 100044 China
| | - Jinxiang Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Wenxue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Technology for Animal Disease; Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road Beijing 100193 China
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40
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Construction of a shuttle vector for use in Riemerella anatipestifer. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 95:262-7. [PMID: 24064367 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootic infectious disease in poultry and serious economic losses, especially to the duck industry. Four complete genome sequences of R. anatipestifer strains are now available. However, functional studies have been limited by the lack of an effective shuttle vector. In this study, we constructed a shuttle vector, pRES, which was able to transfer plasmid DNA between Escherichia coli and R. anatipestifer strains. The vector contains the putative replication origin from R. anatipestifer plasmid pRA7026 and a ColE1 ori for replication in R. anatipestifer and E. coli respectively. In addition, it contains oriT for transferring the vector into R. anatipestifer by conjugation, and the putative promoter of the streptothricin resistance gene of plasmid pRA0726 for heterologous gene expression in R. anatipestifer. The vector pRES will be useful in the investigation of gene function in R. anatipestifer.
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41
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Aminov RI. Evolution in action: dissemination of tet(X) into pathogenic microbiota. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:192. [PMID: 23847612 PMCID: PMC3706747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rustam I Aminov
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies Kingston, Jamaica
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42
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Development and evaluation of a trivalent Riemerella anatipestifer-inactivated vaccine. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:691-7. [PMID: 23467777 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00768-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer infections cause major economic losses in the duck industry. In this study, a trivalent inactivated vaccine of R. anatipestifer, including strains CH3 (serotype 1), NJ3 (serotype 2), and HXb2 (serotype 10), was developed. Animal experiments showed that the ducks that received two immunizations with the vaccine were 100% protected from challenge with strains from any of the three serotypes (1, 2, or 10). No death or clinical signs of diarrhea, tremors, or limb swelling were shown in the protected ducks. Also, no R. anatipestifer bacteria were isolated from the livers or brains of the protected ducks. Furthermore, no histopathological changes were observed in the liver, spleen, or brain samples from the protected ducks during histological examination. The ducks that received two immunizations with the vaccine generated high antibody titers of 1:3,200 to 1:6,400 against the three serotypes of strains. The vaccine significantly enhanced the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) after one immunization and enhanced the production of IL-4 and IL-10 after two immunizations. In addition, real-time PCR indicated that the expression of major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I), as well as that of CD40 and CD154 molecules, was significantly increased after one immunization, and the expressions of both MHC-I and MHC-II molecules were increased after two immunizations. Our study indicates that the vaccine can induce both humoral and cellular immunities in ducks and offer effective protection against R. anatipestifer infection.
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43
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Sun N, Liu JH, Yang F, Lin DC, Li GH, Chen ZL, Zeng ZL. Molecular characterization of the antimicrobial resistance of Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from ducks. Vet Microbiol 2012; 158:376-83. [PMID: 22464155 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial susceptibility of 103 Riemerella anatipestifer isolates obtained from ducks during 2008 and 2010 in Southern China, to 23 antimicrobial agents was investigated using the agar dilution method. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) values of streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, apramycin, amikacin, neomycin, nalidixic acid and sulfadimidine were high (32-≥ 128 μg/ml) among the 103 R. anatipestifer isolates. However, relatively low MIC(90) values (8 μg/ml) of ampicillin and florfenicol were observed among these isolates. The presence of resistance genes and integrons was determined using PCR. The genes bla(TEM-1), aph(3')-VII, aadA1, aadA2, aac(3')-IV, aac(3')-IIc, aac(6')-Ib, cat2, cmlA, floR, tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), sul1, and sul2 were detected in 1, 2, 24, 35, 11, 4, 67, 16, 26, 10, 6, 1, 9, 36 and 2 isolates, respectively. Twenty isolates contained one or two class 1 integrons carrying aadA2 or aac(6')-II-catB3-aadA1 gene cassette(s). Mutation analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of 43 R. anatipestifer isolates with nalidixic acid MICs ≥ 32 μg/ml, showed that the most prevalent mutations in gyrA were those resulting in the amino acid exchanges Ser83-Ile (n=37), followed by Asp87-His (n=7) and Ser83-Arg (n=5). Point mutations in parC (Arg120-Glu) were observed in 5 isolates with a ciprofloxacin MIC of >16 μg/ml. No plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene was detected. PFGE analysis showed that the clonal spread of multi-drug resistant R. anatipestifer isolates occurred in the same farm or between different farms. Our results reported, for the first time, the mechanism of quinolone resistance in R. anatipestifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Yang FF, Sun YN, Li JX, Wang H, Zhao MJ, Su J, Zhang ZJ, Liu HJ, Jiang SJ. Detection of aminoglycoside resistance genes in Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from ducks. Vet Microbiol 2012; 158:451-2. [PMID: 22445728 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zheng F, Lin G, Zhou J, Cao X, Gong X, Wang G, Qiu C. Discovery and characterization of gene cassettes-containing integrons in clinical strains of Riemerella anatipestifer. Vet Microbiol 2011; 156:434-8. [PMID: 22112855 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Forty-eight prevalent strains of Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) isolated in China were tested for susceptibility to eighteen antibiotics and investigated for the frequencies and characteristics of integrons and gene cassettes. All isolates were resistant to between three and ten antimicrobial drugs. Forty-seven isolates contained class 1 integron (97.92%), and 15 of the 47 isolates contained class 2 integron (31.25%). Class 3 integron was not detected in the strains analysed. Three different cassette arrays (aadA1, aadA5 and aacA4-aadA1) of class 1 integron and one gene cassette (sat2-aadA1) of class 2 integron were discovered. Three out of the four cassette arrays were novel, with the exception of aadA5. The location of integrons was confirmed by transforming extracted plasmids into an integron-negative strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3). Class 1 integrons were always discovered in plasmids, while class 2 integrons could be located on plasmids or in the chromosome. This is the first description of class 2 integrons, three novel cassette arrays and the location of integrons in RA species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institude, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbao, Lanzhou 730046, China
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Chen YP, Lee SH, Chou CH, Tsai HJ. Detection of florfenicol resistance genes in Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from ducks and geese. Vet Microbiol 2011; 154:325-31. [PMID: 21820820 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cat gene, coding for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase has been reported for conferring the chloramphenicol resistance for Riemerella anatipestifer. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferases, however, are unable to inactivate florfenicol. In this study, 66 R. anatipestifer isolates were investigated for their susceptibility to chloramphenicol and florfenicol and the presence of floR gene. Results showed nine florfenicol intermediate or resistant R. anatipestifer isolates were all floR positive. The expression of floR gene in E. coli and inhibition studies with PAβN indicated that the floR gene was as an efflux pump conferring resistance to both chloramphenicol and florfenicol. Southern hybridization revealed the floR was located in the plasmid DNA of five isolates and in the chromosomal DNA of four isolates. Furthermore, two novel floR-carrying plasmids designated pRA0726 and pRA0846 were sequenced completely. pRA0726 was 11,704 bp in size with 10 putative open reading frames which included the floR, catB and bla(OXA-209) resistance genes. The most differences between sequences of pRA0846 and pRA0726 were the absence of a bla(OXA-209) gene and the deletion of 321 nucleotides of orf1 in pRA0846. Plasmid curing tests demonstrated that pRA0726 carried functional coding proteins for resistance to phenicol and β-lactam antimicrobials. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of presence of the floR and bla(OXA-209) resistance genes in R. anatipestifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ping Chen
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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