1
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Jinnai M, Yamaguchi T, Minh DTN, Hoang ON, Le Thi H, Thanh PN, Hoai PH, Do PN, Van CD, Kumeda Y, Hase A, Nakayama T. Edible river fish-derived extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales harboring transferable plasmids encoding bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, and bla CTX-M-55. One Health 2024; 18:100685. [PMID: 39010965 PMCID: PMC11247303 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes has increased the global prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria, especially in developing countries. Human infection with these bacteria may be food-mediated but has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to examine ESBL-producing bacteria in edible river fish and elucidate their potential for horizontal gene transfer. A total of 173 ESBL-producing Enterobacterales were isolated (Escherichia coli [n = 87], Klebsiella pneumoniae [n = 52], Enterobacter cloacae complex [n = 18], Citrobacter freundii complex [n = 14], Atlantibacter hermannii [n = 1] and Serratia fonticola [n = 1]) from 56 of 80 fish intestinal contents sampled. Among the bacterial bla CTX-M genotypes, bla CTX-M-55 was the most predominant, followed by bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, and bla CTX-M-65. Furthermore, we found that ESBL-producing Enterobacterales were able to transfer their bla CTX-M genes to E. coli. In summary, our results suggest that ESBL-producing Enterobacterales transfer bla CTX-M to indigenous gut E. coli in humans, following the consumption of contaminated fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Jinnai
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Higashinari, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Oanh Nguyen Hoang
- Institute of Public Health in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hien Le Thi
- Institute of Public Health in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phong Ngo Thanh
- Institute of Public Health in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Hoang Hoai
- Institute of Public Health in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phuc Nguyen Do
- Institute of Public Health in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Chinh Dang Van
- Institute of Public Health in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yuko Kumeda
- Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hase
- Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University, Gakuenminami, Nara, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nakayama
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
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2
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Mamawal DRD, Calayo JDV, Gandola KP, Nacario MAG, Vejano MRA, Dela Peña LBRO, Rivera WL. Genotypic detection of β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates obtained from Seven Crater Lakes of San Pablo, Laguna, Philippines. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:1518-1529. [PMID: 37902206 PMCID: wh_2023_157 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is becoming a global public health concern. More comprehensive surveillance of β-lactam resistance in E. coli would improve monitoring strategies and control resistance transmission in contaminated environments. This study investigated the prevalence of β-lactamase genes in E. coli isolated from the Seven Crater Lakes in San Pablo, Laguna, Philippines. Water samples from lakes were collected for the isolation of E. coli (n = 846) and molecular characterization by detecting the presence of the uidA gene. The isolates were then tested for the presence of β-lactamase genes using PCR. Among the screened genes, blaAmpC was the most dominant (91%). Other β-lactamase genes such as blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTXM were also detected with percentage occurrence of 34, 5, and 1%, respectively. Multiple genes within individual isolates were also observed, wherein blaTEM/AmpC was the most prevalent gene combination. Moreover, a significant negative correlation between blaAmpC with blaSHV and blaCTXM was depicted in this study. Overall, these findings demonstrate the presence of β-lactamase genes in E. coli in the Seven Crater Lakes of San Pablo and can be used in developing effective strategies to control antibiotic resistance in environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rose D Mamawal
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines E-mail:
| | - Jonah David V Calayo
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Kherson P Gandola
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Mae Ashley G Nacario
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Mark Raymond A Vejano
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Laurice Beatrice Raphaelle O Dela Peña
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Windell L Rivera
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
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3
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Bumunang EW, Zaheer R, Niu D, Narvaez-Bravo C, Alexander T, McAllister TA, Stanford K. Bacteriophages for the Targeted Control of Foodborne Pathogens. Foods 2023; 12:2734. [PMID: 37509826 PMCID: PMC10379335 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illness is exacerbated by novel and emerging pathotypes, persistent contamination, antimicrobial resistance, an ever-changing environment, and the complexity of food production systems. Sporadic and outbreak events of common foodborne pathogens like Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC), Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Listeria monocytogenes are increasingly identified. Methods of controlling human infections linked with food products are essential to improve food safety and public health and to avoid economic losses associated with contaminated food product recalls and litigations. Bacteriophages (phages) are an attractive additional weapon in the ongoing search for preventative measures to improve food safety and public health. However, like all other antimicrobial interventions that are being employed in food production systems, phages are not a panacea to all food safety challenges. Therefore, while phage-based biocontrol can be promising in combating foodborne pathogens, their antibacterial spectrum is generally narrower than most antibiotics. The emergence of phage-insensitive single-cell variants and the formulation of effective cocktails are some of the challenges faced by phage-based biocontrol methods. This review examines phage-based applications at critical control points in food production systems with an emphasis on when and where they can be successfully applied at production and processing levels. Shortcomings associated with phage-based control measures are outlined together with strategies that can be applied to improve phage utility for current and future applications in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel W Bumunang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1M4, Canada
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Dongyan Niu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Claudia Narvaez-Bravo
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural & Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Trevor Alexander
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1M4, Canada
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4
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Mengesha SD, Asfaw YB, Kidane AW, Teklu KT, Serte MG, Kenea MA, Dinssa DA, Woldegabriel MG, Alemayehu TA, Girmay AM. Microbial risk assessment and health concern of vegetables irrigated with Akaki River in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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5
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Zara ES, Vital PG. Phylogroup typing and carbapenem resistance of Escherichia coli from agricultural samples in Metro Manila, Philippines. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:644-656. [PMID: 35852239 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2096988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary production environment is considered as reservoir of Escherichia coli contamination of produce. E. coli is classified into eight phylogroups which differ in ecological niches, evolutionary history, and phenotypic properties. To understand the population genetic structure and composition of E. coli in primary production environments in Metro Manila, Philippines, a total of 80 E. coli recovered from irrigation water, soil, vegetables, and feces of cat, carabao, chicken, dog, and goat were allocated into distinct phylogroups based on the presence and absence of genetic markers. Results showed that the most prevalent phylogroup was B1 (71.3%), followed by A (18.6%), D (6.3%), B2 (1.3%), E (1.3%), and an unknown phylogroup (1.3%). The most prevalent genetic marker was arpA, followed by TspE4.C2, yjaA, and chuA. The carbapenem resistance of 24 E. coli isolates representing different phylogroups was also evaluated. Intriguingly, all isolates exhibited uniform susceptibility. This is the first report to provide insights into the phylogroup structure and composition, as well as carbapenem resistance of E. coli from primary production in the Philippines, which highlights possible source of and solution for gastrointestinal and enteric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico S Zara
- Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Pierangeli G Vital
- Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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6
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Wilczyńska A, Kukułowicz A, Lewandowska A. Preliminary assessment of microbial quality of edible flowers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Dela Peña LBRO, Labrador KL, Nacario MAG, Bolo NR, Rivera WL. Microbial source tracking of fecal contamination in Laguna Lake, Philippines using the library-dependent method, rep-PCR. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2021; 19:762-774. [PMID: 34665769 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laguna Lake is an economically important resource in the Philippines, with reports of declining water quality due to fecal pollution. Currently, monitoring methods rely on counting fecal indicator bacteria, which does not supply information on potential sources of contamination. In this study, we predicted sources of Escherichia coli in lake stations and tributaries by establishing a fecal source library composed of rep-PCR DNA fingerprints of human, cattle, swine, poultry, and sewage samples (n = 1,408). We also evaluated three statistical methods for predicting fecal contamination sources in surface waters. Random forest (RF) outperformed k-nearest neighbors and discriminant analysis of principal components in terms of average rates of correct classification in two- (84.85%), three- (82.45%), and five-way (74.77%) categorical splits. Overall, RF exhibited the most balanced prediction, which is crucial for disproportionate libraries. Source tracking of environmental isolates (n = 332) revealed the dominance of sewage (47.59%) followed by human sources (29.22%), poultry (12.65%), swine (7.23%), and cattle (3.31%) using RF. This study demonstrates the promising utility of a library-dependent method in augmenting current monitoring systems for source attribution of fecal contamination in Laguna Lake. This is also the first known report of microbial source tracking using rep-PCR conducted in surface waters of the Laguna Lake watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurice Beatrice Raphaelle O Dela Peña
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines E-mail:
| | - Kevin L Labrador
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines E-mail:
| | - Mae Ashley G Nacario
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines E-mail:
| | - Nicole R Bolo
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines E-mail:
| | - Windell L Rivera
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines E-mail:
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8
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Abello JJM, Malajacan GT, Labrador KL, Nacario MAG, Galarion LH, Obusan MCM, Rivera WL. Library-independent source tracking of fecal contamination in selected stations and tributaries of Laguna Lake, Philippines. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2021; 19:846-854. [PMID: 34665776 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laguna Lake is the largest inland freshwater body in the Philippines. Although it is classified to be usable for agricultural and recreational purposes by the country's Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), studies looking at lake ecology revealed severe fecal contamination which contributes to the deterioration of water quality. Determining the sources of fecal contamination is necessary for lake protection and management. This study utilized a library-independent method of microbial source tracking (LIM-MST) to identify sources of fecal contamination in selected Laguna Lake stations and tributaries. Genetic markers of the host-associated Escherichia coli, heat-labile toxin (LTIIA) and heat-stable II (STII), were used to identify cattle and swine fecal contaminations, respectively. Meanwhile, human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used to identify human fecal contamination. Results identified the presence of agricultural and human fecal contamination in Laguna Lake Stations 1 and 5, Mangangate River, and Alabang River. The selected sites are known to be surrounded by residential and industrial complexes, and most of their discharges find their way into the lake. The identification of the specific sources of fecal contamination will guide management practices that aim to regulate the discharges in order to improve the water quality of Laguna Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseth Jermaine M Abello
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Gicelle T Malajacan
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Kevin L Labrador
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Mae Ashley G Nacario
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Luiza H Galarion
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Marie Christine M Obusan
- Microbial Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Windell L Rivera
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
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9
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NGS Techniques Reveal a High Diversity of RNA Viral Pathogens and Papillomaviruses in Fresh Produce and Irrigation Water. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081820. [PMID: 34441597 PMCID: PMC8394881 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fresh fruits and vegetables are susceptible to microbial contamination at every stage of the food production chain, and as a potential source of pathogens, irrigation water quality is a critical factor. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have been flourishing and expanding to a wide variety of fields. However, their application in food safety remains insufficiently explored, and their sensitivity requires improvement. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays showed low but frequent contamination of common circulating viral pathogens, which were found in 46.9% of samples of fresh produce: 6/12 lettuce samples, 4/12 strawberries samples, and 5/8 parsley samples. Furthermore, the application of two different NGS approaches, target enrichment sequencing (TES) for detecting viruses that infect vertebrates and amplicon deep sequencing (ADS), revealed a high diversity of viral pathogens, especially Norovirus (NoV) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV), in fresh produce and irrigation water. All NoV and HPV types found in fresh fruit and vegetable samples were also detected in irrigation water sources, indicating that these viruses are common circulating pathogens in the population and that irrigation water may be the most probable source of viral pathogens in food samples.
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10
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Vejano MRA, Dela Peña LBRO, Rivera WL. Occurrence of Giardia duodenalis in selected stations and tributary rivers of Laguna Lake, Philippines. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:466. [PMID: 34224003 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fecal pollution is a major contributor to the progressive degradation of Laguna Lake, the Philippines' largest inland lake used for aquaculture, recreation, and as a source of irrigation and domestic water. Consequently, intestinal parasites may be present in this body of water, posing risks to water safety and human health. This study was able to detect the protozoan parasite, Giardia duodenalis, in three Laguna Lake stations and seven tributary rivers in a 13-month monitoring period by PCR amplification of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Giardia cysts concentrated from water samples. The pathogen was present in 37.7% of tributary samples (n = 69) and 16.7% of lake samples (n = 36). Notable frequencies of detection were observed in four tributary rivers -Bagumbayan, Taguig (66.7%); Santa Rosa, Laguna (55.6%); San Cristobal, Cabuyao, Laguna (44.4%); and Biñan, Laguna (42.9%). All test SSU rRNA gene sequences were identified as human-infective genotypes of G. duodenalis predominated by Assemblage A (94.1%). Furthermore, analysis of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene revealed the possible presence of mixed genotypes in at least two samples. These results support the pressing need to include protozoan pathogen monitoring in Laguna Lake and its tributaries to prevent Giardia infection in humans and animals. This study also recommends microbial source tracking to identify fecal pollution sources and aid in regulation of waste discharges into the lake and its tributaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Raymond A Vejano
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Laurice Beatrice Raphaelle O Dela Peña
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Windell L Rivera
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines.
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11
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Javanmard E, Mirsamadi ES, Olfatifar M, Ghasemi E, Saki F, Mirjalali H, Zali MR, Karanis P. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in vegetables in Iran: a nineteen-years meta-analysis review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:1629-1641. [PMID: 33312667 PMCID: PMC7721826 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium and Giardia are two major protozoa reported from vegetables and environment. The prevalence of these parasites supposes to be different regarding the climate zones. This review aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in vegetables according to the major climate zones in Iran. The results showed pooled prevalence 7% (95% CI: 2%, 14%) and 4% (95% CI: 3%, 6%) for Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp., respectively. The prevalence of Giardia spp. in mountain, desert and semi-desert, and Mediterranean regions was 4% (95% CI: 2%, 6%), 5% (95% CI: 3%, 8%) and 7% (95% CI: 1%, 18%), respectively. Cryptosporidium spp. was reported 8% (95% CI: 0%, 65%), 6% (95% CI: 0%, 18%) and 4% (95% CI: 0%, 77%) from mountain, desert and semi-desert, and Mediterranean climate zones, respectively. This review suggests the higher prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Mediterranean and mountain regions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Javanmard
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Sadat Mirsamadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Olfatifar
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Ghasemi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saki
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Teacher Education, Farhangian University, Alborz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Panagiotis Karanis
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Nicosia University Medical School, 2408 Nicosia, Cyprus
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12
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Fuzawa M, Smith RL, Ku KM, Shisler JL, Feng H, Juvik JA, Nguyen TH. Roles of Vegetable Surface Properties and Sanitizer Type on Annual Disease Burden of Rotavirus Illness by Consumption of Rotavirus-Contaminated Fresh Vegetables: A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2020; 40:741-757. [PMID: 31742761 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enteric viruses are often detected in water used for crop irrigation. One concern is foodborne viral disease via the consumption of fresh produce irrigated with virus-contaminated water. Although the food industry routinely uses chemical sanitizers to disinfect post-harvest fresh produce, it remains unknown how sanitizer and fresh produce properties affect the risk of viral illness through fresh produce consumption. A quantitative microbial risk assessment model was conducted to estimate (i) the health risks associated with consumption of rotavirus (RV)-contaminated fresh produce with different surface properties (endive and kale) and (ii) how risks changed when using peracetic acid (PAA) or a surfactant-based sanitizer. The modeling results showed that the annual disease burden depended on the combination of sanitizer and vegetable type when vegetables were irrigated with RV-contaminated water. Global sensitivity analyses revealed that the most influential factors in the disease burden were RV concentration in irrigation water and postharvest disinfection efficacy. A postharvest disinfection efficacy of higher than 99% (2-log10 ) was needed to decrease the disease burden below the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold, even in scenarios with low RV concentrations in irrigation water (i.e., river water). All scenarios tested here with at least 99.9% (3-log10 ) disinfection efficacy had a disease burden lower than the WHO threshold, except for the endive treated with PAA. The disinfection efficacy for the endive treated with PAA was only about 80%, leading to a disease burden 100 times higher than the WHO threshold. These findings should be considered and incorporated into future models for estimating foodborne viral illness risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Fuzawa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca Lee Smith
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kang-Mo Ku
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61886, Republic of Korea
| | - Joanna L Shisler
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John A Juvik
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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13
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Hoa TTT, Nakayama T, Huyen HM, Harada K, Hinenoya A, Phuong NT, Yamamoto Y. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli harbouring sul and mcr-1 genes isolates from fish gut contents in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 71:78-85. [PMID: 31529721 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the existence of sulfonamides and colistin resistance genes among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli recovered from fish gut in Vietnam and evaluated the susceptibility patterns of the ESBL-producing E. coli to relevant antimicrobials. A total of 88 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were analysed for the presence of the ESBLs, sul (1, 2, 3) and mcr (1-3) genes by PCR. Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of isolates were determined by disc diffusion. Results showed that: (i) A high prevalence of 94·3% of sulfonamide resistance was observed in 88 isolates. Moreover, the existence of 2·3% of ESBL-producing E. coli harbouring mcr-1 gene were detected; (ii) The phylogenetic types A and B1 were most frequent, and the blaCTX-M group1 and blaTEM genes encoding ESBL were detected in 47·7% of the isolates; (iii) ESBL-producing E. coli harbouring mcr-1 gene exhibited resistance to 11 antibiotics. The existence of mcr-1 and sul1,2,3 genes and the extremely high level of multiple drug resistance in all ESBL-producing E. coli isolates obtained from sampled fish in Vietnam is a major concern. Therefore, it is imperative to monitor ESBL-producing E. coli in the river waters of Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T T Hoa
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - T Nakayama
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan.,Center for Global Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - H M Huyen
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - K Harada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - A Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - N T Phuong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Fuzawa M, Araud E, Li J, Shisler JL, Nguyen TH. Free Chlorine Disinfection Mechanisms of Rotaviruses and Human Norovirus Surrogate Tulane Virus Attached to Fresh Produce Surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:11999-12006. [PMID: 31517478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To fill the knowledge gap on how effective free chlorine is against viral-contaminated produce, we inoculated the surfaces of outdoor- or greenhouse-grown kale and mustard with Rotavirus (RV) or a human norovirus surrogate (Tulane virus, TV) and then disinfected the leaves with free chlorine. Disinfection efficacies for RV strain OSU and Wa were approximately 1-log10 higher when attached to mustard than to kale. Similar disinfection efficacies were observed for TV attached to mustard or kale. When examining TV and RV OSU in suspension (not attached to leaf surfaces), TV was more resistant to free chlorine than RV OSU. Inactivation efficacies were higher for these viruses in suspension versus viruses attached to produce the surface. We also found that free chlorine damaged viral capsids, allowing free chlorine access to viral RNA to damage viral genomes. Exposure to free chlorine at 1.7 ppm over 1 min caused VP8* of RV OSU to lose its ability to bind to its host receptors. TV lost its ability to bind to its receptor only after exposure to free chlorine at 29 ppm over 1 min. Thus, to reduce foodborne viral infections, it is important to consider the differences in virus' reactivity and inactivation mechanisms with free chlorine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences , The Ohio State University , Columbus 43210 , Ohio , United States
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15
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Shaheen MNF, Elmahdy EM, Chawla-Sarkar M. Quantitative PCR-based identification of enteric viruses contaminating fresh produce and surface water used for irrigation in Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21619-21628. [PMID: 31129895 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fresh produce irrigated with surface water that may contain pathogens such as enteric viruses can lead to outbreaks of foodborne viral illnesses. In the current study, we performed real-time PCR (qPCR) to monitor the presence of enteric viruses such as human adenoviruses (HAdVs), hepatitis A virus (HAV), rotavirus group A (RVA), and norovirus GI (NoV GI) in surface water and fresh produce that were grown using this surface water in Egypt. Samples were collected on four occasions from different sites located in the Delta and in Greater Cairo, Egypt. Of the 32 water samples and 128 fresh produce samples, 27/32 (84.3%) and 99/128 (77.3%), respectively, were positive for at least one virus. HAdV (30/32) with a mean viral load = 1.5 × 107 genome copies/L (GC/L) was the most commonly detected virus in water, followed by RVA (16/32, with a mean viral load = 2.7 × 105 GC/L), HAV (11/32, with a mean viral load = 1.2 × 104 GC /L), and NoV GI (10/32, with a mean viral load = 3.5 × 103 GC/L). Additionally, HAdV (71/128, with a mean viral load = 9.8 × 105 GC/g) was also the most commonly detected virus in the fresh produce, followed by NoV GI (43/128, with a mean viral load = 4.5 × 103 GC/g), HAV (33/128, with a mean viral load = 6.4 × 103 GC/g), and RVA (25/128, with a mean viral load = 1.5 × 104 GC/g). Our results indicate that fresh produce may be contaminated with a wide range of enteric viruses, and these viruses may originate from virus-contaminated irrigation water. Moreover, this fresh produce may serve as a potential vector for the transmission of viral foodborne illnesses. These findings are important for future risk assessment analysis related to water/foodborne viruses. Graphical abstract . Please provide caption for Graphical AbstractGraphical abstract showing sample collection and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N F Shaheen
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Elmahdy M Elmahdy
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Scheme-XM, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Abstract
This special issue on Antimicrobial Resistance in Environmental Waters features 11 articles on monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in natural aquatic systems (reservoirs, rivers), and effluent discharge from water treatment plants to assess the effectiveness of AMR removal and resulting loads in treated waters. The occurrence and distribution of antimicrobials, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was determined by utilizing a variety of techniques including liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry in tandem (LC-MS/MS), traditional culturing, antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), molecular and OMIC approaches. Some of the key elements of AMR studies presented in this special issue highlight the underlying drivers of AMR contamination in the environment and evaluation of the hazard imposed on aquatic organisms in receiving environments through ecological risk assessments. As described in this issue, screening antimicrobial peptide (AMP) libraries for biofilm disruption and antimicrobial candidates are promising avenues for the development of new treatment options to eradicate resistance. This editorial puts into perspective the current AMR problem in the environment and potential new methods which could be applied to surveillance and monitoring efforts.
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17
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Antibiotic Resistance and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production of Escherichia coli Isolated from Irrigation Waters in Selected Urban Farms in Metro Manila, Philippines. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Vital PG, Caballes MBD, Rivera WL. Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolates from fresh produce and the impact to food safety. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:683-689. [PMID: 28679083 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1331676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne diseases associated with fresh produce consumption have escalated worldwide, causing microbial safety of produce of critical importance. Bacteria that have increasingly been detected in fresh produce are Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., both of which have been shown to progressively display antimicrobial resistance. The study focused on the assessment of antimicrobial resistance of these enteric bacteria from different kinds of fresh produce from various open air markets and supermarkets in the Philippines. Using the disk diffusion assay on a total of 50 bacterial isolates obtained from 410 fresh produce surveyed, monoresistance to tetracycline was observed to be the most prevalent (38%), followed by multidrug resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid (4%), and lastly by dual resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol (2%). Using multiplex and simplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, tetA (75%) and tetB (9%) were found in tetracycline resistant isolates, whereas catI (67%) and catIII (33%) were detected in chloramphenicol resistant isolates. Sequence analysis of gyr and par genes from the ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid resistant isolates revealed different mutations. Based on the results, fresh produce act as a reservoir of these antibiotic resistant bacteria which may pose health threat to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangeli G Vital
- a Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman , Quezon City , Philippines
- b Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman , Quezon City , Philippines
| | - Marie Bernadine D Caballes
- a Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman , Quezon City , Philippines
| | - Windell L Rivera
- a Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman , Quezon City , Philippines
- b Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman , Quezon City , Philippines
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Paraoan CEM, Rivera WL, Vital PG. Detection of Class I and II integrons for the assessment of antibiotic and multidrug resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from agricultural irrigation waters in Bulacan, Philippines. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:306-313. [PMID: 28277085 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1281647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated irrigation water may greatly affect not only the quality of produce but also the people exposed to it. In this study, agricultural irrigation waters in Bulacan, Philippines were assessed and found to be contaminated with Escherichia coli (E. coli) ranging from 0.58 to 4.51 log10 CFU/mL. A total of 79 isolates of E. coli were confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying the uidA gene and were tested for phenotypic resistance using 10 antimicrobials through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Forty-six isolates (58.22%) were noted to be multidrug resistant (MDR) with high resistance rate to cephalothin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and chloramphenicol. Moreover, this study also examined the prevalence of Class I and II integrons accounting to 67.39% and 17.39%, respectively, of the MDR E. coli strains using multiplex PCR. The results imply that the agricultural water used in Bulacan is contaminated with the fecal material of man or other animals present in the area, and the presence of MDR bacteria, which pose a potential threat to individuals in these areas, is alarming. In addition, detection of integrons could be a good marker for the identification of MDR isolates. Lastly, this study could develop strategies for the proper management of farming sites leading to the detection of food-borne pathogens and prevention of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cielo Emar M Paraoan
- a Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City , Philippines
| | - Windell L Rivera
- a Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City , Philippines
- b Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City , Philippines
| | - Pierangeli G Vital
- a Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City , Philippines
- b Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City , Philippines
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20
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Fuzawa M, Ku KM, Palma-Salgado SP, Nagasaka K, Feng H, Juvik JA, Sano D, Shisler JL, Nguyen TH. Effect of Leaf Surface Chemical Properties on Efficacy of Sanitizer for Rotavirus Inactivation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6214-6222. [PMID: 27520815 PMCID: PMC5068170 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01778-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of sanitizers is essential for produce safety. However, little is known about how sanitizer efficacy varies with respect to the chemical surface properties of produce. To answer this question, the disinfection efficacies of an oxidant-based sanitizer and a new surfactant-based sanitizer for porcine rotavirus (PRV) strain OSU were examined. PRV was attached to the leaf surfaces of two kale cultivars with high epicuticular wax contents and one cultivar of endive with a low epicuticular wax content and then treated with each sanitizer. The efficacy of the oxidant-based sanitizer correlated with leaf wax content as evidenced by the 1-log10 PRV disinfection on endive surfaces (low wax content) and 3-log10 disinfection of the cultivars with higher wax contents. In contrast, the surfactant-based sanitizer showed similar PRV disinfection efficacies (up to 3 log10) that were independent of leaf wax content. A statistical difference was observed with the disinfection efficacies of the oxidant-based sanitizer for suspended and attached PRV, while the surfactant-based sanitizer showed similar PRV disinfection efficacies. Significant reductions in the entry and replication of PRV were observed after treatment with either disinfectant. Moreover, the oxidant-based-sanitizer-treated PRV showed sialic acid-specific binding to the host cells, whereas the surfactant-based sanitizer increased the nonspecific binding of PRV to the host cells. These findings suggest that the surface properties of fresh produce may affect the efficacy of virus disinfection, implying that food sanitizers should be carefully selected for the different surface characteristics of fresh produce. IMPORTANCE Food sanitizer efficacies are affected by the surface properties of vegetables. This study evaluated the disinfection efficacies of two food sanitizers, an oxidant-based sanitizer and a surfactant-based sanitizer, on porcine rotavirus strain OSU adhering to the leaf epicuticular surfaces of high- and low-wax-content cultivars. The disinfection efficacy of the oxidant-based sanitizer was affected by the surface properties of the vegetables, while the surfactant-based sanitizer was effective for both high- and low-wax leafy vegetable cultivars. This study suggests that the surface properties of vegetables may be an important factor that interacts with disinfection with food sanitizers of rotaviruses adhering to fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Fuzawa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kang-Mo Ku
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sindy Paola Palma-Salgado
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenya Nagasaka
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - John A Juvik
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Joanna L Shisler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Bartz FE, Hodge DW, Heredia N, de Aceituno AF, Solís L, Jaykus LA, Garcia S, Leon JS. Somatic Coliphage Profiles of Produce and Environmental Samples from Farms in Northern México. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2016; 8:221-226. [PMID: 27153836 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-016-9240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Somatic coliphages were quantified in 459 produce and environmental samples from 11 farms in Northern Mexico to compare amounts of somatic coliphages among different types of fresh produce and environmental samples across the production steps on farms. Rinsates from cantaloupe melons, jalapeño peppers, tomatoes, and the hands of workers, soil, and water were collected during 2011-2012 at four successive steps on each farm, from the field before harvest through the packing facility, and assayed by FastPhage MPN Quanti-tray method. Cantaloupe farm samples contained more coliphages than jalapeño or tomato (p range <0.01-0.03). Across production steps, jalapeños had higher coliphage percentages before harvest than during packing (p = 0.03), while tomatoes had higher coliphage concentrations at packing than all preceding production steps (p range <0.01-0.02). These findings support the use of targeted produce-specific interventions at multiple points in the process of growing and packing produce to reduce the risk of enteric virus contamination and improve food safety during fruit and vegetable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith E Bartz
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Domonique Watson Hodge
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Norma Heredia
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apostado Postal 124-F, Manuel Barragan y Pedro de Alba, 66451, San Nicolás, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Anna Fabiszewski de Aceituno
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Luisa Solís
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apostado Postal 124-F, Manuel Barragan y Pedro de Alba, 66451, San Nicolás, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Lee-Ann Jaykus
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 339-A Schaub Hall, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Santos Garcia
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apostado Postal 124-F, Manuel Barragan y Pedro de Alba, 66451, San Nicolás, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Juan S Leon
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Tang JYH, Khalid MI, Aimi S, Abu-Bakar CA, Radu S. Antibiotic resistance profile and RAPD analysis of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from vegetables farms and retail markets. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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