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Laudani S, Godos J, Romano GL, Gozzo L, Di Domenico FM, Dominguez Azpíroz I, Martínez Diaz R, Giampieri F, Quiles JL, Battino M, Drago F, Galvano F, Grosso G. Isoflavones Effects on Vascular and Endothelial Outcomes: How Is the Gut Microbiota Involved? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:236. [PMID: 38399451 PMCID: PMC10891971 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are a group of (poly)phenols, also defined as phytoestrogens, with chemical structures comparable with estrogen, that exert weak estrogenic effects. These phytochemical compounds have been targeted for their proven antioxidant and protective effects. Recognizing the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), there is a growing interest in understanding the potential cardiovascular benefits associated with these phytochemical compounds. Gut microbiota may play a key role in mediating the effects of isoflavones on vascular and endothelial functions, as it is directly implicated in isoflavones metabolism. The findings from randomized clinical trials indicate that isoflavone supplementation may exert putative effects on vascular biomarkers among healthy individuals, but not among patients affected by cardiometabolic disorders. These results might be explained by the enzymatic transformation to which isoflavones are subjected by the gut microbiota, suggesting that a diverse composition of the microbiota may determine the diverse bioavailability of these compounds. Specifically, the conversion of isoflavones in equol-a microbiota-derived metabolite-seems to differ between individuals. Further studies are needed to clarify the intricate molecular mechanisms behind these contrasting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Laudani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Giovanni Luca Romano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Lucia Gozzo
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit/Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Federica Martina Di Domenico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Irma Dominguez Azpíroz
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito EN250, Angola
- Universidad de La Romana, La Romana 22000, Dominican Republic
| | - Raquel Martínez Diaz
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo 00613, Puerto Rico
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - José L. Quiles
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
- Center for Human Nutrition and Mediterranean Foods (NUTREA), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Pawar VA, Srivastava S, Tyagi A, Tayal R, Shukla SK, Kumar V. Efficacy of Bioactive Compounds in the Regulation of Metabolism and Pathophysiology in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1041-1052. [PMID: 37458865 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis can wreak damage to metabolic and physiological processes which can eventually lead to an advancement in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as a key source of ROS. The purpose of the current review is to concisely discuss the role of bioactive compounds in the modulation of cardiovascular metabolism and their potential application in the management of cardiovascular diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, it has been shown that bioactive compounds exhibit immunomodulatory function by regulating inflammatory pathways and ROS homeostasis. It has also been reported that bioactive compounds regulate mitochondria dynamics, thus modulating the autophagy and energy metabolism in the cells. In the present article, we have discussed the roles of different bioactive compounds in the modulation of different inflammatory drivers. The functional properties of bioactive compounds in mitochondrial dynamics and its impact on cardiac disease protection have been briefly summarized. Furthermore, we have also discussed various aspects of bioactive compounds with respect to metabolism, immune modulation, circadian rhythm, and its impact on CVD's pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivani Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Anuradha Tyagi
- Department of cBRN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Rajul Tayal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Shukla
- Department of Oncology Science, OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Ohishi T, Miyoshi N, Mori M, Sagara M, Yamori Y. Health Effects of Soy Isoflavones and Green Tea Catechins on Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Based on Urinary Biomarker Levels. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248899. [PMID: 36558031 PMCID: PMC9781513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols have various health effects. Genistein, which is abundant in soybeans, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is abundant in green tea, are major flavonoids, a subclass group of polyphenols. Several epidemiological studies have shown that these flavonoids have beneficial effects against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, other studies did not show such effects. Several confounding factors, including recall bias, are related to these inconsistent findings, and the determination of metabolites in the urine may be useful in reducing the number of confounding factors. Equipment, which can be used by research participants to collect samples from a portion of voided urine within 24 h without the help of medical workers, has been developed for epidemiological investigations. Previous studies, in which flavonoid metabolites in these urine samples were measured, revealed that soy intake was correlated with a reduced risk of certain types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Although soybeans and green tea consumption may have protective effects against cancer and cardiovascular diseases, further clinical studies that consider different confounding factors are required to provide evidence for the actual impact of dietary flavonoids on human diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. One possible mechanism involved is discussed in relation to the downregulation of reactive oxygen species and the upregulation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase elicited by these flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mari Mori
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Studies, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
- NPO World Health Frontier Institute, Nishinomiya 663-8143, Japan
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8143, Japan
| | - Miki Sagara
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8143, Japan
- Disease Model Cooperative Research Association, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8143, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (Y.Y.)
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Mori M. Well-Balanced Lunch Reduces Risk of Lifestyle-Related Diseases in Middle-Aged Japanese Working Men. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124528. [PMID: 34960079 PMCID: PMC8706571 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the results of a previous WHO-CARDIAC study, this study was designed to test the effect of the daily consumption of a diet rich in potassium with optimal salt content, rich in fish meat and soy isoflavones, corresponding to the ingredients of a traditional Japanese diet. The test meals were a Balanced Lunch (BL) with chicken as the main dish and a Fortified Lunch (FL) with fish and soy as the main dish, which appeared the same. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 64 relatively obese men (47.2 ± 5.5 years old) who consumed the lunch at their work site for 4 weeks. All participants underwent fasting blood sampling, 24-h urine collection, as well as measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure before and after the intervention. Body mass index, blood pressure, and HbA1c were significantly improved and a 3-g reduction of salt intake was proven by 24-h urine collection in both groups. Moreover, HDL cholesterol and the Atherogenic Index (AI) were significantly improved in the FL group. In conclusion, the risks of lifestyle-related diseases in working men were reduced by one meal per day intervention of optimally-salted traditional Japanese diets containing soy and fish nutrients with high vegetable ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Mori
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Studies, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
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Liu M, Wang G, Xu R, Shen C, Ni H, Lai R. Soy Isoflavones Inhibit Both GPIb-IX Signaling and αIIbβ3 Outside-In Signaling via 14-3-3ζ in Platelet. Molecules 2021; 26:4911. [PMID: 34443497 PMCID: PMC8399232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy diet is thought to help prevent cardiovascular diseases in humans. Isoflavone, which is abundant in soybean and other legumes, has been reported to possess antiplatelet activity and potential antithrombotic effect. Our study aims to elucidate the potential target of soy isoflavone in platelet. The anti-thrombosis formation effect of genistein and daidzein was evaluated in ex vivo perfusion chamber model under low (300 s-1) and high (1800 s-1) shear forces. The effect of genistein and daidzein on platelet aggregation and spreading was evaluated with platelets from both wildtype and GPIbα deficient mice. The interaction of these soy isoflavone with 14-3-3ζ was detected by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and co-immunoprecipitation, and the effect of αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling transduction was evaluated by western blot. We found both genistein and daidzein showed inhibitory effect on thrombosis formation in perfusion chamber, especially under high shear force (1800 s-1). These soy isoflavone interact with 14-3-3ζ and inhibited both GPIb-IX and αIIbβ3-mediated platelet aggregation, integrin-mediated platelet spreading and outside-in signaling transduction. Our findings indicate that 14-3-3ζ is a novel target of genistein and daidzein. 14-3-3ζ, an adaptor protein that regulates both GPIb-IX and αIIbβ3-mediated platelet activation is involved in soy isoflavone mediated platelet inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
| | - Gan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides, Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650032, China; (G.W.); (R.X.)
| | - Runjia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides, Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650032, China; (G.W.); (R.X.)
| | - Chuanbin Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (C.S.); (H.N.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (C.S.); (H.N.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, ON M5G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides, Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650032, China; (G.W.); (R.X.)
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Mosallanezhad Z, Mahmoodi M, Ranjbar S, Hosseini R, Clark CCT, Carson-Chahhoud K, Norouzi Z, Abbasian A, Sohrabi Z, Jalali M. Soy intake is associated with lowering blood pressure in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2021; 59:102692. [PMID: 33636295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy has several beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, results of clinical trial studies are equivocal. Thus, the present study sought to discern the efficacy of soy intake on blood pressure. METHODS The search process was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, to ascertain studies investigating the efficacy of soy intake on blood pressure in adults, published up to June 2020. A random-effects model was applied to pool mean difference and 95 % confidence interval (CI). Begg's and Egger's methods were conducted to assess publication bias. RESULTS Pooled effects from 17 effect sizes revealed a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-1.70; -3.34 to -0.06 mmHg; I2 = 45.4 %) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (-1.27; -2.36 to -0.19 mmHg, I2 = 43.9 %) following soy consumption, in comparison with controls. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a reduction in both SBP and DBP in younger participants with lower baseline DBP and intervention durations of <16 weeks. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that soy intake is associated with an ameliorating effect on blood pressure in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mosallanezhad
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahmoodi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Ranjbar
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV15FB, UK
| | - Kristin Carson-Chahhoud
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, the University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zahra Norouzi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasian
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Masjed-Soleiman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed-Soleiman, Iran
| | - Zahra Sohrabi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Bosland MC, Enk E, Schmoll J, Schlicht MJ, Randolph C, Deaton RJ, Xie H, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Kato I. Soy protein supplementation in men following radical prostatectomy: a 2-year randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:821-831. [PMID: 33564828 PMCID: PMC8024002 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have addressed effects of dietary supplementation with soy protein, but most have been inconsistent and few have been long-term studies in men. OBJECTIVES This study was a secondary analysis of body weight, blood pressure, thyroid hormones, iron status, and clinical chemistry in a 2-y trial of soy protein supplementation in middle-aged to older men. METHODS Data were analyzed as secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of dietary supplementation with 20 g/d soy protein isolate, providing 41 mg/d total isoflavones and 23 mg/d genistein, in 44- to 75-y-old men who were at risk of cancer recurrence following prostatectomy randomized to soy (n = 50) or a casein-based placebo (n = 43). Weight, blood pressure, and blood samples were collected at baseline, every 2 mo in year 1, and every 3 mo in year 2. RESULTS Compared with casein, soy supplementation did not affect body weight, blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, and thyroid hormones. Serum ferritin concentrations doubled over 2 y in both groups (117-129%), whereas hemoglobin and hematocrit increased slightly. In an exploratory subgroup analysis of soy group data, weight increased in subjects producing equol but not in nonproducers. Blood pressure was reduced in nonequol producers but not in producers. Other endpoints were not affected by equol production status. CONCLUSIONS Soy protein supplementation for 2 y compared with a casein-based placebo did not affect body weight, blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, iron status parameters, calcium, phosphorus, and thyroid hormones. Exploratory analysis suggests that equol production status of subjects on soy may modify effects of soy on body weight and possibly blood pressure. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00765479.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Enk
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanne Schmoll
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Schlicht
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carla Randolph
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan J Deaton
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Xie
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Departments of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Caponio GR, Wang DQH, Di Ciaula A, De Angelis M, Portincasa P. Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism by Bioactive Components of Soy Proteins: Novel Translational Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010227. [PMID: 33379362 PMCID: PMC7794713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia represents one key pathophysiological factor predisposing to increasing risk of developing cardiovascular disease worldwide. Controlling plasma cholesterol levels and other metabolic risk factors is of paramount importance to prevent the overall burden of disease emerging from cardiovascular-disease-related morbidity and mortality. Dietary cholesterol undergoes micellization and absorption in the small intestine, transport via blood, and uptake in the liver. An important amount of cholesterol originates from hepatic synthesis, and is secreted by the liver into bile together with bile acids (BA) and phospholipids, with all forming micelles and vesicles. In clinical medicine, dietary recommendations play a key role together with pharmacological interventions to counteract the adverse effects of chronic hypercholesterolemia. Bioactive compounds may also be part of initial dietary plans. Specifically, soybean contains proteins and peptides with biological activity on plasma cholesterol levels and this property makes soy proteins a functional food. Here, we discuss how soy proteins modulate lipid metabolism and reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations in humans, with potential outcomes in improving metabolic- and dyslipidemia-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Division of Internal Medicine Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Division of Internal Medicine Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.D.A.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-080-5442949 (M.D.A.); +39-080-5478893 (P.P.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Division of Internal Medicine Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.D.A.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-080-5442949 (M.D.A.); +39-080-5478893 (P.P.)
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Gao X, Fan W, Tan L, Shi Y, Ding C, Liu S, Miao Y, Luo Y, Shi X, DeSaeger S, Song S. Soy isoflavones ameliorate experimental colitis by targeting ERα/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 83:108438. [PMID: 32563803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Soy isoflavones (SIFs) are selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) that have anti-inflammatory activities. Our previous study found that estrogen receptor α (ERα) directly regulates the NLRP3 transcription and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Therefore, we hypothesized that SIFs alleviate colitis via an ERα-dependent mechanism by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. The influence of SIFs on colitis and the potential mechanisms were thoroughly determined in this study. The results suggested that SIFs ameliorated dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced body weight loss, reduced disease activity index and promoted the recovery of colon pathological damage in mice. Moreover, expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome was significantly inhibited, and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 was suppressed by SIFs. Furthermore, ERα blockade ameliorated DSS-induced inflammatory responses in the intestine, and SIFs markedly suppressed the expression of ERα in a dose-dependent manner. Our study demonstrated that the protective therapeutic action of SIFs on DSS-induced colitis depended on inhibition of ERα and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and SIFs are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Administration for Market Regulation of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Supervision for Edible Agricultural Products, Shenzhen Centre of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yuanguo Shi
- Administration for Market Regulation of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Supervision for Edible Agricultural Products, Shenzhen Centre of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chenchen Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yufan Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Administration for Market Regulation of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Supervision for Edible Agricultural Products, Shenzhen Centre of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Sarah DeSaeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Suquan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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11
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Applová L, Karlíčková J, Warncke P, Macáková K, Hrubša M, Macháček M, Tvrdý V, Fischer D, Mladěnka P. 4-Methylcatechol, a Flavonoid Metabolite with Potent Antiplatelet Effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900261. [PMID: 31343835 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Intake of flavonoids from the diet can be substantial, and epidemiological studies suggest that these compounds can decrease the incidence of cardiovascular diseases by involvement with increased platelet aggregation. Although parent flavonoids possess antiplatelet effects, the clinical importance is disputable due to their very low bioavailability. Most of them are metabolized by human colon bacteria to smaller phenolic compounds, which reach higher plasma concentrations than the parent flavonoids. In this study, a series of 29 known flavonoid metabolites is tested for antiplatelet potential. METHODS AND RESULTS Four compounds appear to have a biologically relevant antiplatelet effect using whole human blood. 4-Methylcatechol (4-MC) is clearly the most efficient being about 10× times more active than clinically used acetylsalicylic acid. This ex vivo effect is also confirmed using a potentially novel in-vivo-like ex ovo hen's egg model of thrombosis, where 4-MC significantly increases the survival of the eggs. The mechanism of action is studied and it seems that it is mainly based on the influence on intracellular calcium signaling. CONCLUSION This study shows that some flavonoid metabolites formed by human microflora have a strong antiplatelet effect. This information can help to explain the antiplatelet potential of orally given flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Applová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Warncke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Hrubša
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Macháček
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Tvrdý
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Jenkins DJA, Blanco Mejia S, Chiavaroli L, Viguiliouk E, Li SS, Kendall CWC, Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL. Cumulative Meta-Analysis of the Soy Effect Over Time. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012458. [PMID: 31242779 PMCID: PMC6662359 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Soy protein foods have attracted attention as useful plant protein foods with mild cholesterol‐lowering effects that are suitable for inclusion in therapeutic diets. But on the basis of the lack of consistency in significant cholesterol reduction by soy in 46 randomized controlled trials, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is reassessing whether the 1999 heart health claim for soy protein should be revoked. Methods and Results We have, therefore, performed a cumulative meta‐analysis on the 46 soy trials identified by the FDA to determine if at any time, since the 1999 FDA final rule that established the soy heart health claim, the soy effect on serum cholesterol lost significance. The cumulative meta‐analysis for both total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol demonstrated preservation of the small, but significant, reductions seen both before and during the subsequent 14 years since the health claim was originally approved. For low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, the mean reduction in 1999 was −6.3 mg/dL (95% CI, −8.7 to −3.9 mg/dL; P=0.00001) and remained in the range of −4.2 to −6.7 mg/dL (P=0.0006 to P=0.0002, respectively) in the years after 1999. At no time point did the total cholesterol or low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol reductions lose significance or were the differences at individual time points in the cumulative meta‐analysis significantly different from those seen in 1999 when the health claim was approved. Conclusions A cumulative meta‐analysis of the data selected by the FDA indicates continued significance of total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction after soy consumption and supports the rationale behind the original soy FDA heart health claim. See Editorial Petersen and Kris‐Etherton
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Affiliation(s)
- David J A Jenkins
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Ontario Canada.,2 Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Ontario Canada.,3 Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Ontario Canada.,4 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Ontario Canada.,5 Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Ontario Canada.,8 Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Ontario Canada.,3 Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Ontario Canada.,8 Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Ontario Canada.,3 Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Ontario Canada.,8 Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Effie Viguiliouk
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Ontario Canada.,8 Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Siying S Li
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Ontario Canada.,7 School of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Cyril W C Kendall
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Ontario Canada.,3 Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Ontario Canada.,6 College of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan, Canada.,8 Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Vladmir Vuksan
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Ontario Canada.,2 Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Ontario Canada.,3 Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Ontario Canada.,4 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Ontario Canada.,5 Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Ontario Canada.,3 Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Ontario Canada.,4 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Ontario Canada.,5 Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Ontario Canada.,8 Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
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Blanco Mejia S, Messina M, Li SS, Viguiliouk E, Chiavaroli L, Khan TA, Srichaikul K, Mirrahimi A, Sievenpiper JL, Kris-Etherton P, Jenkins DJA. A Meta-Analysis of 46 Studies Identified by the FDA Demonstrates that Soy Protein Decreases Circulating LDL and Total Cholesterol Concentrations in Adults. J Nutr 2019; 149:968-981. [PMID: 31006811 PMCID: PMC6543199 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain plant foods (nuts and soy protein) and food components (viscous fibers and plant sterols) have been permitted by the FDA to carry a heart health claim based on their cholesterol-lowering ability. The FDA is currently considering revoking the heart health claim for soy protein due to a perceived lack of consistent LDL cholesterol reduction in randomized controlled trials. OBJECTIVE We performed a meta-analysis of the 46 controlled trials on which the FDA will base its decision to revoke the heart health claim for soy protein. METHODS We included the 46 trials on adult men and women, with baseline circulating LDL cholesterol concentrations ranging from 110 to 201 mg/dL, as identified by the FDA, that studied the effects of soy protein on LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC) compared with non-soy protein. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method with a random effects model and expressed as mean differences with 95% CI. Heterogeneity was assessed and quantified. RESULTS Of the 46 trials identified by the FDA, 43 provided data for meta-analyses. Of these, 41 provided data for LDL cholesterol, and all 43 provided data for TC. Soy protein at a median dose of 25 g/d during a median follow-up of 6 wk decreased LDL cholesterol by 4.76 mg/dL (95% CI: -6.71, -2.80 mg/dL, P < 0.0001; I2 = 55%, P < 0.0001) and decreased TC by 6.41 mg/dL (95% CI: -9.30, -3.52 mg/dL, P < 0.0001; I2 = 74%, P < 0.0001) compared with non-soy protein controls. There was no dose-response effect or evidence of publication bias for either outcome. Inspection of the individual trial estimates indicated most trials (∼75%) showed a reduction in LDL cholesterol (range: -0.77 to -58.60 mg/dL), although only a minority of these were individually statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Soy protein significantly reduced LDL cholesterol by approximately 3-4% in adults. Our data support the advice given to the general public internationally to increase plant protein intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03468127.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital,Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Siying S Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Effie Viguiliouk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital,Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital,Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tauseef A Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital,Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Korbua Srichaikul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arash Mirrahimi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital,Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital,Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Address correspondence to DJAJ (e-mail: )
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Singh BP, Yadav D, Vij S. Soybean Bioactive Molecules: Current Trend and Future Prospective. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Two flavonoid metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-methylcatechol, relax arteries ex vivo and decrease blood pressure in vivo. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 111:36-43. [PMID: 30118763 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The flavonoid quercetin reduces arterial blood pressure in animals and humans but the mechanisms remains elusive. The aim of this study was to test the activity of flavonoid microbial metabolites, which can participate on the final vasorelaxant effect. METHODS AND RESULTS Both ex vivo (isolated rat thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery) and in vivo (normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats) approaches were used in this study. 4-methylcatechol and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPA) had greater vasorelaxant effects on mesenteric artery than 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, the previously reported metabolite with vasorelaxant effect. In vivo testing confirmed their blood pressure decreasing effect given both as bolus and slow infusion. Their mechanism at molecular level was different. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show that flavonoid metabolites DHPA and 4-methylcatechol decrease arterial blood pressure and hence a mixture of microbial metabolites formed in the gastrointestinal tract may be responsible for or contribute to the effect of orally ingested quercetin.
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Co-Ingestion of Rice Bran Soymilk or Plain Soymilk with White Bread: Effects on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Response. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040449. [PMID: 29617350 PMCID: PMC5946234 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The regular consumption of soy products is associated with inverse incidence of type 2 diabetes, and there has been an increasing interest in the glycemia reducing potential of rice bran and its components. In this study, we investigated whether consuming soymilk with the addition of rice bran (fiber) can reduce the glycemic response of a carbohydrate meal. Seventeen healthy Asian men (BMI: 18.5–29 kg/m2) participated in this randomized crossover trial. On four occasions, they consumed white bread (two times) and white bread with two different soymilks differing in protein and rice bran content. Blood samples were taken to measure glucose and insulin response over a period of 3 hours. Taking the glycemic index (GI) value of white bread as a reference value of 100, the GI of white bread when co-ingested with rice bran soymilk (RBS) was 83.1 (±7.7) and sugar-free soymilk (SFS) was 77.5 (±10.1), both were lower than white bread (p < 0.05). The insulin response of both soymilk treatments was similar to white bread (p > 0.05). The glucose/insulin ratio of RBS and SFS were respectively 43.1 (±6.1) and 60.0 (±17.0) and were lower (p < 0.05) than white bread (123.5 ± 21.1) during the first 30 min. In conclusion, co-ingestion of low amounts of soy protein with a carbohydrate meal stimulated early-phase insulin secretion and thereby increased blood glucose clearance effectiveness. Furthermore, rice bran-fortified soymilk reduced the glycemic response similarly to soymilk with a greater dose of soy protein. Rice bran and its components offer therapeutic potential for glycemic and insulinemic control.
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Applová L, Karlíčková J, Říha M, Filipský T, Macáková K, Spilková J, Mladěnka P. The isoflavonoid tectorigenin has better antiplatelet potential than acetylsalicylic acid. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 35:11-17. [PMID: 28991640 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One reason for the lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Asian countries may be the high intake of isoflavonoids and their antiplatelet effects may be an important factor. To date, there is limited comparison of a range of isoflavonoids and knowledge of their effects at different levels of platelet aggregation. PURPOSE To screen the antiplatelet effects of a number of isoflavonoids on the arachidonic acid based aggregation pathway and investigate how the antiplatelet activity might occur. METHODS The antiplatelet effects were first screened in whole human blood where platelet aggregation was induced by arachidonic acid. Further analysis was targeted at search of the mechanism of action. RESULTS Thirteen of the eighteen tested isoflavonoids had significant inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation in whole human blood. Genistein had the same potency as clinically used acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) while tectorigenin was clearly stronger than ASA. Further analyses showed that the effect of tectorigenin was not based on inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 in contrast to ASA or thromboxane synthase but by competitive antagonism at thromboxane receptors. CONCLUSION Tectorigenin is a more potent antiplatelet compound than ASA and thus an interesting substance for further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Applová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Říha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Filipský
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Spilková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Tang Z, Li M, Zhang X, Hou W. Dietary flavonoid intake and the risk of stroke: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e008680. [PMID: 27279473 PMCID: PMC4908865 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify and quantify the potential association between intake of flavonoids and risk of stroke. DESIGN Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. DATA SOURCE Studies published before January 2016 identified through electronic searches using PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Prospective cohort studies with relative risks and 95% CIs for stroke according to intake of flavonoids (assessed as dietary intake). RESULTS The meta-analysis yielded 11 prospective cohort studies involving 356 627 participants and more than 5154 stroke cases. The pooled estimate of the multivariate relative risk of stroke for the highest compared with the lowest dietary flavonoid intake was 0.89 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.97; p=0.006). Dose-response analysis indicated that the summary relative risk of stroke for an increase of 100 mg flavonoids consumed per day was 0.91 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.08) without heterogeneity among studies (I(2)=0%). Stratifying by follow-up duration, the relative risk of stroke for flavonoid intake was 0.89 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.99) in studies with more than 10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Results from this meta-analysis suggest that higher dietary flavonoid intake may moderately lower the risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshang Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Tang C, Zhang K, Zhao Q, Zhang J. Effects of Dietary Genistein on Plasma and Liver Lipids, Hepatic Gene Expression, and Plasma Metabolic Profiles of Hamsters with Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7929-7936. [PMID: 26311091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Male hamsters were fed one of the following three diets for 6 weeks (n = 15): normal-fat diet (NFD), high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD + 2 g/kg genistein; the effects of dietary genistein on hyperlipidemia were investigated using traditional and (1)H NMR metabonomic approaches. At 6 weeks, compared with the hamsters in the NFD group, those in the HFD group had higher plasma and liver lipids (P < 0.05). Hyperlipidemia was alleviated in the genistein group, with lower plasma cholesterol (9.11 ± 0.40 vs 12.4 ± 0.37 mmol/L), triglyceride (8.07 ± 1.08 vs 14.7 ± 1.18 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (2.69 ± 0.20 vs 4.48 ± 0.27 mmol/L), malondialdehyde (7.77 ± 1.64 vs 14.0 ± 1.15 μmol/L), and liver cholesterol (20.9 ± 1.01 vs 29.9 ± 2.76 μmol/g) than those in the HFD group (P < 0.05). Expression of hepatic LDL receptor and estrogen receptors α and β mRNA in the genistein group were significantly up-regulated, compared with those of the HFD group (P < 0.05). In the (1)H NMR metabonomic analysis, both the small and macromolecular plasma metabolite profiles differed among the three groups, and the metabolic profile of the genistein group was shifted toward that of the NFD group. These results extend our understanding of the beneficial effects of genistein on hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Tang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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Probst Y, Zammit G. Predictors for Reporting of Dietary Assessment Methods in Food-based Randomized Controlled Trials over a Ten-year Period. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.816653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ponzo V, Goitre I, Fadda M, Gambino R, De Francesco A, Soldati L, Gentile L, Magistroni P, Cassader M, Bo S. Dietary flavonoid intake and cardiovascular risk: a population-based cohort study. J Transl Med 2015; 13:218. [PMID: 26152229 PMCID: PMC4494724 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cardio-protective effects of flavonoids are still controversial; many studies referred to the benefits of specific foods, such as soy, cocoa, tea. A population-based cohort of middle-aged adults, coming from a semi-rural area where the consumption of those foods is almost negligible, was studied. Aims The primary objective was establishing if flavonoid intake was inversely associated with the cardiovascular (CV) risk evaluated after 12-year follow-up; the associations between flavonoid intake and CV incidence and mortality and all-cause mortality were also evaluated. Methods In 2001–2003, a cohort of 1,658 individuals completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric, laboratory measurements, medical history and the vital status were collected at baseline and during 2014. The CV risk was estimated with the Framingham risk score. Results Individuals with the lowest tertile of flavonoid intake showed a worse metabolic pattern and less healthy lifestyle habits. The 2014 CV risk score and the increase in the risk score from baseline were significantly higher with the lowest intake of total and all subclasses of flavonoids, but isoflavones, in a multiple regression model. During follow-up, 125 CV events and 220 deaths (84 of which due to CV causes) occurred. CV non-fatal events were less frequent in individuals with higher flavonoid intake (HR = 0.64; 95%CI 0.42–1.00 and HR = 0.46; 95%CI 0.28–0.75 for the second and third tertiles, respectively) in Cox-regression models, after multiple adjustments. All subclasses of flavonoids, but flavones and isoflavones, were inversely correlated with incident CV events, with HRs ranging from 0.42 (flavan-3-ols) to 0.56 (anthocyanidins). Being in the third tertile of flavan-3-ols (HR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.48–0.96), anthocyanidins (HR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.46–0.95) and flavanones (HR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.40–0.85) was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Total and subclasses of flavonoids were not significantly associated with the risk of CV mortality. Conclusions Flavonoid intake was inversely associated with CV risk, CV non-fatal events and all-cause mortality in a cohort with a low consumption of soy, tea and cocoa, which are typically viewed as the foods responsible for flavonoid-related benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Goitre
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Fadda
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, "Città della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Antonella De Francesco
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, "Città della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Laura Soldati
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Paola Magistroni
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology, "Città della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Rangel-Huerta OD, Pastor-Villaescusa B, Aguilera CM, Gil A. A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Bioactive Compounds in Cardiovascular Disease: Phenolic Compounds. Nutrients 2015; 7:5177-216. [PMID: 26132993 PMCID: PMC4516993 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is rising and is the prime cause of death in all developed countries. Bioactive compounds (BAC) can have a role in CVD prevention and treatment. The aim of this work was to examine the scientific evidence supporting phenolic BAC efficacy in CVD prevention and treatment by a systematic review. Databases utilized were Medline, LILACS and EMBASE, and all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with prospective, parallel or crossover designs in humans in which the effects of BAC were compared with that of placebo/control were included. Vascular homeostasis, blood pressure, endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were considered as primary outcomes. Cohort, ecological or case-control studies were not included. We selected 72 articles and verified their quality based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, establishing diverse quality levels of scientific evidence according to two features: the design and bias risk of a study. Moreover, a grade of recommendation was included, depending on evidence strength of antecedents. Evidence shows that certain polyphenols, such as flavonols can be helpful in decreasing CVD risk factors. However, further rigorous evidence is necessary to support the BAC effect on CVD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar D Rangel-Huerta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Belen Pastor-Villaescusa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
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Lule VK, Garg S, Pophaly SD, Hitesh, Tomar SK. "Potential health benefits of lunasin: a multifaceted soy-derived bioactive peptide". J Food Sci 2015; 80:R485-94. [PMID: 25627564 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are small protein fragments derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of food proteins, fermentation with proteolytic starter cultures, and gastrointestinal digestion. These peptides have positive impacts on a number of physiological functions in living beings. Lunasin, a soy-derived bioactive peptide, is one of the most promising among them. Lunasin encoded within 2S albumin (GM2S-1) gene, identified as a novel peptide extracted from soybean seed. It is composed of 43 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 5.5 kDa. Extensive scientific studies have shown that lunasin possesses inherent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous properties and could also play a vital role in regulating of cholesterol biosynthesis in the body. Its high bioavailability and heat stable nature allow its potential use as dietary supplement. The present review summarizes some of the potential health and therapeutic benefits of lunasin reported hitherto.
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Singh BP, Vij S, Hati S. Functional significance of bioactive peptides derived from soybean. Peptides 2014; 54:171-9. [PMID: 24508378 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active peptides play an important role in metabolic regulation and modulation. Several studies have shown that during gastrointestinal digestion, food processing and microbial proteolysis of various animals and plant proteins, small peptides can be released which possess biofunctional properties. These peptides are to prove potential health-enhancing nutraceutical for food and pharmaceutical applications. The beneficial health effects of bioactive peptides may be several like antihypertensive, antioxidative, antiobesity, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic and anticancer. Soybeans, one of the most abundant plant sources of dietary protein, contain 36-56% of protein. Recent studies showed that soy milk, an aqueous extract of soybean, and its fermented product have great biological properties and are a good source of bioactive peptides. This review focuses on bioactive peptides derived from soybean; we illustrate their production and biofunctional attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Pal Singh
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Shilpa Vij
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Subrota Hati
- Dairy Microbiology Department, S.M.C. College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India
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Is category ‘A’ status assigned to soy protein and coronary heart disease risk reduction health claim by the United States Food and Drug Administration still justifiable? Trends Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Wright B, Spencer JPE, Lovegrove JA, Gibbins JM. Insights into dietary flavonoids as molecular templates for the design of anti-platelet drugs. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 97:13-22. [PMID: 23024269 PMCID: PMC3527766 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are low-molecular weight, aromatic compounds derived from fruits, vegetables, and other plant components. The consumption of these phytochemicals has been reported to be associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, attributed to their anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-thrombotic actions. Flavonoids exert these effects by a number of mechanisms which include attenuation of kinase activity mediated at the cell-receptor level and/or within cells, and are characterized as broad-spectrum kinase inhibitors. Therefore, flavonoid therapy for CVD is potentially complex; the use of these compounds as molecular templates for the design of selective and potent small-molecule inhibitors may be a simpler approach to treat this condition. Flavonoids as templates for drug design are, however, poorly exploited despite the development of analogues based on the flavonol, isoflavonone, and isoflavanone subgroups. Further exploitation of this family of compounds is warranted due to a structural diversity that presents great scope for creating novel kinase inhibitors. The use of computational methodologies to define the flavonoid pharmacophore together with biological investigations of their effects on kinase activity, in appropriate cellular systems, is the current approach to characterize key structural features that will inform drug design. This focussed review highlights the potential of flavonoids to guide the design of clinically safer, more selective, and potent small-molecule inhibitors of cell signalling, applicable to anti-platelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Wright
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Schools of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, Reading RG6 6UB, UK.
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27
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Rebholz CM, Friedman EE, Powers LJ, Arroyave WD, He J, Kelly TN. Dietary protein intake and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 176 Suppl 7:S27-43. [PMID: 23035142 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the association of dietary protein intake with blood pressure. To identify articles published before April 2011, the authors searched electronic databases, conducted a manual bibliography review, and consulted experts in the field. Forty trials (including 3,277 participants in total) met the eligibility criteria and were included. Using a standardized form, 2 investigators independently abstracted data on study design, participant characteristics, and treatment outcomes. Net change estimates were pooled across trials using random-effects models. Compared with carbohydrate, dietary protein intake was associated with significant changes in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of -1.76 mm Hg (95% confidence interval (CI): -2.33, -1.20) and -1.15 mm Hg (95% CI: -1.59, -0.71), respectively (both P 's < 0.001). Both vegetable protein and animal protein were associated with significant blood pressure changes of -2.27 mm Hg (95% CI: -3.36, -1.18) and -2.54 mm Hg (95% CI: -3.55, -1.53), respectively, for systolic blood pressure (both P 's < 0.001) and -1.26 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.26, -0.26) and -0.95 mm Hg (95% CI: -1.72, -0.19), respectively, for diastolic blood pressure (both P 's = 0.014). Blood pressure reduction was not significantly different when vegetable protein was compared directly with animal protein. These findings indicate that partially replacing dietary carbohydrate with protein may be important for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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28
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Vasdev S, Stuckless J. Antihypertensive effects of dietary protein and its mechanism. Int J Angiol 2012; 19:e7-e20. [PMID: 22477579 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1278362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Individuals with hypertension are at increased risk of stroke, heart disease and kidney failure. Both genetic and lifestyle factors, particularly diet, have been attributed an important role in the development of hypertension. Reducing dietary sugar and salt intake can help lower blood pressure; similarly, adequate protein intake may also attenuate hypertension. Observational, cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies, and controlled clinical trials, have documented significant inverse associations between protein intake and blood pressure. Human and animal studies have shown that specific amino acids within proteins may have antihypertensive effects. Cysteine, glutathione (a tripeptide), glutamate and arginine attenuate and prevent alterations that cause hypertension including insulin resistance, decreased nitric oxide bioavailability, altered renin angiotensin system function, increased oxidative stress and formation of advanced glycation end products. Leucine increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and improves insulin resistance by modulating hepatic gluconeogenesis. Taurine and tryptophan attenuate sympathetic nervous system activity. Soy protein helps lower blood pressure through its high arginine content and antioxidant activity exhibited by isoflavones. A diet containing an ample amount of protein may be a beneficial lifestyle choice for individuals with hypertension; one example is the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, which is low in salt and saturated fat; includes whole grains, lean meat, poultry, fish and nuts; and is rich in vegetables, fruits and low-fat dairy products, which are good sources of antioxidant vitamins, minerals and fibre. Including an adequate supply of soy in the diet should also be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh Vasdev
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
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29
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Liu XX, Li SH, Chen JZ, Sun K, Wang XJ, Wang XG, Hui RT. Effect of soy isoflavones on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:463-70. [PMID: 21310599 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The effect of soy isoflavones on blood pressure is controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary soy isoflavones on blood pressure. METHODS AND RESULTS Trials were searched in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and references cited in related reviews and studies. A total of eleven trials were reviewed. Meta-analysis results showed a mean decrease of 2.5 mm Hg (95% CIs, - 5.35 to 0.34 mm Hg; P = 0.08) for systolic blood pressure and 1.5 mm Hg (95% CIs, - 3.09 to 0.17 mm Hg; P = 0.08) for diastolic blood pressure in the soy isoflavones-treated group compared to placebo. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses indicated that blood pressure status was a significant predictor of heterogeneity for the effect of soy isoflavones on blood pressure. Subgroup analysis of hypertensive subjects revealed that a greater blood pressure reduction was identified in the soy isoflavone-treated group compared to placebo (5 trials; SBP: - 5.94, 95% CIs [- 10.55, - 1.34] mm Hg, P = 0.01; DBP: - 3.35, 95% CIs [- 6.52, - 0.19] mm Hg, P = 0.04). In contrast, treatment with soy isoflavones did not lead to a significant reduction in blood pressure in normotensive subjects (6 trials; SBP: 0.29, 95% CIs [- 2.39, 2.97] mm Hg, P = 0.83; DBP: - 0.43, 95% CIs [- 1.66, 0.81] mm Hg, P = 0.50). CONCLUSION Soy isoflavones had an effect of lowering blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, but not in normotensive subjects. Larger trials need to be carried out to confirm the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Ministry of Education and Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Beijing, PR China
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30
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to isolated soy protein and reduction of blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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31
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Takahashi Y, Konishi T. Tofu (soybean curd) lowers serum lipid levels and modulates hepatic gene expression involved in lipogenesis primarily through its protein, not isoflavone, component in rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:8976-8984. [PMID: 21721588 DOI: 10.1021/jf201403u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although soy foods are recommended to prevent hyperlipidemia and related diseases, it is unclear how their active ingredients exert their effects. Here, the effects of tofu (soybean curd) and its putative active components, protein and isoflavone, on lipid metabolism in male rats were compared. Tofu and soy protein significantly lowered serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels compared to casein and, through microarray analyses, were found to exclusively alter transcriptomes involved in fatty acid and/or steroid synthesis in the liver, where most of the serum lipids are synthesized. In contrast, isoflavone supplementation had little effect on serum lipid levels or gene expression and exerted no synergistic effects with soy protein or tofu. The importance of the proteinaceous components was further confirmed by the lower activity of enzymes involved in lipogenesis. From these findings it was concluded that the protein, not isoflavone, fraction of soy reduces lipogenesis in liver through gene expression and that this may result in lower serum lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Takahashi
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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32
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Dong JY, Tong X, Wu ZW, Xun PC, He K, Qin LQ. Effect of soya protein on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:317-26. [PMID: 21342608 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies have indicated that soya food consumption is inversely associated with blood pressure (BP). Evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) on the BP-lowering effects of soya protein intake is inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of soya protein intake in lowering BP. The PubMed database was searched for published RCT in the English language through to April 2010, which compared a soya protein diet with a control diet. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to examine the effects of soya protein on BP. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore possible explanations for heterogeneity among trials. Meta-analyses of twenty-seven RCT showed a mean decrease of 2·21 mmHg (95 % CI - 4·10, - 0·33; P = 0·021) for systolic BP (SBP) and 1·44 mmHg (95 % CI - 2·56, - 0·31; P = 0·012) for diastolic BP (DBP), comparing the participants in the soya protein group with those in the control group. Soya protein consumption significantly reduced SBP and DBP in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects, and the reductions were markedly greater in hypertensive subjects. Significant and greater BP reductions were also observed in trials using carbohydrate, but not milk products, as the control diet. Meta-regression analyses further revealed a significantly inverse association between pre-treatment BP and the level of BP reductions. In conclusion, soya protein intake, compared with a control diet, significantly reduces both SBP and DBP, but the BP reductions are related to pre-treatment BP levels of subjects and the type of control diet used as comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Radiation Medicine and Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to soy isoflavones and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 1286, 4245), maintenance of normal blood LDL cholesterol concentrations (ID 1135, 1704a, 3093a), reduction of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause (ID 1654, 1704b, 2140, 3093b, 3154, 3590), maintenance of normal skin tonicity (ID 1704a), contribution to normal hair growth (ID 1704a, 4254), “cardiovascular health” (ID 3587), treatment of prostate cancer (ID 3588) and “upper respiratory tract” (ID 3589) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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34
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Determination of soybean isoflavones in soybean meal and fermented soybean meal by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhou Y, Alekel DL, Dixon PM, Messina M, Reddy MB. The effect of soy food intake on mineral status in premenopausal women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2011; 20:771-80. [PMID: 21486162 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy foods have been substituted for meat in recent years because of proposed health benefits. Research indicates, however, that soy protein and phytate in soy products inhibit the absorption of divalent cations. METHODS Our study was primarily designed to determine the effect of consuming two to three servings per day of soy foods, providing ∼19 g protein and ∼36 mg isoflavones, on iron and zinc status in premenopausal women during a 10-weeks period. As secondary outcomes, we also tested the effect of soy foods on biochemical markers of bone and thyroid hormones. Nonsmoking women (18-28 years) without chronic disease, anemia, pregnancy, or irregular menstrual cycles were randomly assigned to either the soy food (SF, n=31) or animal food (AF, n=32) group. Blood and urine samples and 3-day dietary records were collected at baseline and postintervention. RESULTS At baseline, iron and zinc status, bone markers, and thyroid hormones were not different between groups. After intervention, no significant changes were observed in hemoglobin, transferrin saturation, serum iron, ferritin, or transferrin receptor (TFR) concentrations. Plasma zinc, but not serum alkaline phosphatase, significantly decreased in both groups (-0.8 μmol/L). The change in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was significant between SF (1.5 U/L) and AF (-0.7 U/L) groups. No significant changes were observed in bone resorption, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or free thyroxine after soy food intake. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating ∼19 g soy protein from soy foods for 10 weeks had no significant effect on iron or zinc status, bone resorption or formation, or thyroid hormone status in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Sagara M, Njelekela M, Teramoto T, Taguchi T, Mori M, Armitage L, Birt N, Birt C, Yamori Y. Effects of docosahexaenoic Acid supplementation on blood pressure, heart rate, and serum lipids in Scottish men with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Int J Hypertens 2011; 2011:809198. [PMID: 21423683 PMCID: PMC3057036 DOI: 10.4061/2011/809198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of daily supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on coronary heart disease risks in 38 middle-aged men with hypertension and/or hypercholesterolemia in Scotland, a five-week double-blind placebo-controlled dietary supplementation with either 2 g of DHA or active placebo (1 g of olive oil) was conducted. Percent composition of DHA in plasma phospholipids increased significantly in DHA group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate decreased significantly in DHA group, but not in placebo group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased significantly, and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratios decreased significantly in both groups. There was no change in TC and non-HDL-C. We conclude that 2 g/day of DHA supplementation reduced coronary heart disease risk factor level improving blood pressure, heart rate, and lipid profiles in hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic Scottish men who do not eat fish on a regular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Sagara
- Laboratory of Preventive Nutritional Medicine, Research Institute for Production Development, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
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Onuegbu AJ, Olisekodiaka JM, Onibon MO, Adesiyan AA, Igbeneghu CA. Consumption of soymilk lowers atherogenic lipid fraction in healthy individuals. J Med Food 2011; 14:257-60. [PMID: 21142946 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of soy-based products on lipid profile has not been well established. Whereas some investigators have reported that soy is hypocholesterolemic, others could only demonstrate this in hypercholesterolemic subjects, while a few have not found any marked association between soy and cholesterol levels. This study was therefore aimed at investigating the effect of soymilk on lipid and lipoprotein profile of normocholesterolemic, apparently healthy Nigerian Africans. Five hundred milliliters of soymilk preparation was consumed daily by 42 apparently healthy young to middle-aged subjects for a period of 21 days. Forty-two other volunteers with similar characteristics, who did not drink the soymilk over this time frame, were randomly selected as controls. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were determined twice by standard spectrophotometric methods (at the initial visit and after 3 weeks). Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated from the TC, TG, and HDL-C concentrations. After 21 days, regulated soymilk consumption significantly reduced mean plasma TC by 11% and LDL-C by 25% (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) and increased mean plasma HDL-C by 20% (P < .05) in the test population. Plasma TG was not significantly altered. In control subjects, no significant differences were observed in mean TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG. Daily consumption of soymilk significantly decreased atherogenic plasma cholesterol concentration. This suggests that soy drink could be an important non-pharmacological cholesterol-reducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaelechi J Onuegbu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Swami G, Gupta K, Kymonil KM, Saraf S. Soyabean powder as a novel diluent in tablet formulation of simvastatin. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 72:426-30. [PMID: 21218051 PMCID: PMC3013577 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.73909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research paper introduces soyabean nuggets powder, as a novel excipient with nutraceutical value for tablets containing cholesterol lowering drug, simvastatin. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the suitability of soyabean nuggets powder as a diluent by incorporating in tablet formulation of simvastatin. The formulation was compared with the marketed product to determine its relative efficacy. Soyabean nuggets powder was found to be a promising diluent for tablets for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical purposes. Simavastatin soya tablet showed acceptable pharmacotechnical properties and assay requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Swami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow - 227 105, India
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Altorf-van der Kuil W, Engberink MF, Brink EJ, van Baak MA, Bakker SJL, Navis G, van 't Veer P, Geleijnse JM. Dietary protein and blood pressure: a systematic review. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12102. [PMID: 20711407 PMCID: PMC2920332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood pressure (BP), which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is highly prevalent worldwide. Recently, interest has grown in the role of dietary protein in human BP. We performed a systematic review of all published scientific literature on dietary protein, including protein from various sources, in relation to human BP. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We performed a MEDLINE search and a manual search to identify English language studies on the association between protein and blood pressure, published before June 2010. A total of 46 papers met the inclusion criteria. Most observational studies showed no association or an inverse association between total dietary protein and BP or incident hypertension. Results of biomarker studies and randomized controlled trials indicated a beneficial effect of protein on BP. This beneficial effect may be mainly driven by plant protein, according to results in observational studies. Data on protein from specific sources (e.g. from fish, dairy, grain, soy, and nut) were scarce. There was some evidence that BP in people with elevated BP and/or older age could be more sensitive to dietary protein. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, evidence suggests a small beneficial effect of protein on BP, especially for plant protein. A blood pressure lowering effect of protein may have important public health implications. However, this warrants further investigation in randomized controlled trials. Furthermore, more data are needed on protein from specific sources in relation to BP, and on the protein-BP relation in population subgroups.
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Zhang HM, Chen SW, Zhang LS, Feng XF. The effects of soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant rats administered with high-fat diet. Nat Prod Res 2008; 22:1637-49. [PMID: 19085422 DOI: 10.1080/14786410701869598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of soy isoflavone (SIF) on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistant (IR) rats were studied. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 80) were randomly assigned into a basal diet fed group and high-fat diet fed group. The high-fat-diet-induced IR rats were assigned into IR model control group and three SIF-treated groups with different dosages. Thirty days later, the fasting blood glucose, insulin and adipocytokines in serum and mRNA expressions of adipocytokines in perirenal white adipose tissue were measured. The Homeostasis Model Assessment of IR was calculated. The administration of 450 mg kg(-1) d(-1) SIF decreased the body weights and depositions of visceral adipose tissue as well as improved insulin resistance in high-fat-diet-induced IR rats. The mechanisms were associated with SIF regulating the expression of adipocytokines, including adiponectin, leptin, resistin and TNF-alpha. SIF supplements may have favourable effects on insulin resistance in high-fat-diet-induced IR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Min Zhang
- Henan Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Wang YF, Yancy WS, Yu D, Champagne C, Appel LJ, Lin PH. The relationship between dietary protein intake and blood pressure: results from the PREMIER study. J Hum Hypertens 2008; 22:745-54. [PMID: 18580887 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2008.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Observational and clinical studies suggest that high protein intake, particularly protein from plant sources, might reduce blood pressure (BP). To examine the association of dietary protein with BP, we analysed data from PREMIER, an 18-month clinical trial (n=810) that examined the effects of two multi-component lifestyle modifications on BP. We examined the association of protein intake with BP, and in particular the independent relationship of plant and animal protein with BP. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed with both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Dietary plant protein was inversely associated with both systolic and diastolic BP in cross-sectional analyses at the 6-month follow-up (P=0.0045 and 0.0096, respectively). Fruit and vegetable intake was also inversely associated with both systolic and diastolic BP cross-sectionally at 6 months (P=0.0003 and 0.0157, respectively). In longitudinal analyses, a high intake of plant protein at 6 months was marginally associated with a reduction of both systolic and diastolic BP from baseline to 6 months only (P=0.0797 and 0.0866, respectively), independent of change in body weight and waist circumference. Furthermore, increased intake of plant protein, and fruits and vegetables was significantly associated with a lower risk of hypertension at 6 but not at 18 months. Results of this study indicate that plant protein had a beneficial effect on BP and was associated with a lower risk of hypertension at 6 months. Our data, in conjunction with other research, suggest that an increased intake of plant protein may be useful as a means to prevent and treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Wang
- Health and Productivity Management Program, Society of Health Risk Assessment and Control, Chinese Association of Preventive Medicine, 1202 Fortune International Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Harland JI, Haffner TA. Systematic review, meta-analysis and regression of randomised controlled trials reporting an association between an intake of circa 25 g soya protein per day and blood cholesterol. Atherosclerosis 2008; 200:13-27. [PMID: 18534601 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effect of a daily intake of circa 25 g soya protein on blood lipids in adults with normal or mildly elevated cholesterolaemia. METHODS Medline and other scientific databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs); these were systematically reviewed against pre-determined criteria. Eligible RCTs evaluated the effect of 25 g (range 15-40 g) soya protein on measures of blood lipids. Results from RCTs were pooled using standard meta-analysis methods. RESULTS Thirty studies containing 42 treatment arms (n=2913), with an average soya protein intake of 26.9 g met the inclusion criteria. Soya protein inclusion led to reductions in standard difference in mean low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol and blood triglycerides of 0.23 mmol/L (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.160 to -0.306, p<0.0001), 0.22 mmol/L (95% CI -0.142 to -0.291, p<0.0001) and 0.08 mmol/L (95% CI -0.004 to -0.158, p=0.04), respectively. There was no effect on mean difference in apolipoprotein A (ApoA), but ApoB was reduced by 0.021 g/L (p=0.01) in the soya group. Meta-regression analysis indicated no dose response relationship between soya protein intake in the range of 15-40 g and standard difference in LDL or HDL. All data were tested for heterogeneity and none identified. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of modest amounts soya protein (ca. 25 g) into the diet of adults with normal or mild hypercholesterolaemia resulted in small, highly significant reductions in total and LDL cholesterol, equivalent to ca. 6% LDL reduction. This practically achievable intake, particularly when combined with other dietary measures, can make a useful contribution to blood cholesterol management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice I Harland
- HarlandHall Associates, The Stables, Ranbury Ring, London Road, Poulton, Cirencester, Glos GL7 5HN, UK.
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Rosero Arenas MA, Rosero Arenas E, Portaceli Armiñana MA, García García MA. [Usefulness of phyto-oestrogens in reduction of blood pressure. Systematic review and meta-analysis]. Aten Primaria 2008; 40:177-86. [PMID: 18405582 PMCID: PMC7713494 DOI: 10.1157/13118060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether treatment with phyto-oestrogens or soya protein succeeds in lowering blood pressure. DESIGN A systematic review, evaluating all the observation studies and clinical trials, was conducted, followed by a meta-analysis to evaluate blood pressure variations in patients treated with phyto-oestrogens. SEARCH: The search strategy adopted used the terms "phyto-oestrogens," "soya meals," "hypertension," and "blood pressure." DATA SOURCES The data bases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, OVID were used, without time or language restrictions. References in the relevant articles were searched for manually. STUDY SELECTION Two independent reviewers analysed the studies found in the search. DATA EXTRACTION The Jadad scale was used for the clinical trials and the numerical data in the text or referred to in tables were extracted. Evaluation was made of which observational and experimental articles showed a drop in blood pressure with phyto-oestrogens and which did not. In the meta-analysis, data on sample size, difference in blood pressure before and after intervention and standard deviation were extracted from each study. The weighted difference of means was used with the model of randomised effects. The Review Manager v4.2.9 programme was used. RESULTS No significant variations in blood pressure were found, whether systolic (-1.20 mm Hg; 95% CI, -2.80 to 0.41 mm Hg) or diastolic (-1.31 mm Hg; 95% CI, -2.73 to 0.11). If there were any variations, they are clinically of little importance. There was also an important degree of both statistical and clinical heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS There are no statistically significant or clinically important differences in blood pressure between patients treated with phyto-oestrogens and those not treated.
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Tanaka K, Sasaki S, Murakami K, Okubo H, Takahashi Y, Miyake Y. Relationship between soy and isoflavone intake and periodontal disease: the Freshmen in Dietetic Courses Study II. BMC Public Health 2008; 8:39. [PMID: 18226266 PMCID: PMC2267787 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Much research has shown that soy products inhibited various diseases. However, no published studies have examined the effects of consumption of soy and isoflavones on periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether soy and isoflavone intake is associated with the prevalence of periodontal disease. Methods The subjects were 3956 Japanese female students, aged 18 to 22 years, who were taking a dietetic course. Periodontal disease was defined as present when a subject reported diagnosis of the disorder by a dentist. Information on dietary factors was collected using a validated diet history questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios and their confidence intervals of periodontal disease. Adjustment was made for cigarette smoking, toothbrushing frequency, region of residence, and body mass index. Results The prevalence of periodontal disease was 8.0%. Intake of total soy product and tofu was independently associated with a decreased prevalence of periodontal disease; multivariate odds ratios in comparison of the highest with the lowest quintile were 0.68 and 0.68, respectively (95% confidence intervals = 0.47–0.97 and 0.47–0.98, P for trend = 0.01 and 0.004, respectively). A significant inverse dose-response relationship between the intake of isoflavones and the prevalence of periodontal disease was observed, although the difference in the adjusted odds ratio between the extreme quintiles was of borderline significance (P for trend = 0.04). There were no measurable dose-response relationships between consumption of tofu products, fermented soybeans, boiled soybeans, miso, or miso soup and the prevalence of periodontal disease. Conclusion Our findings suggest that soy and isoflavone intake may decrease the likelihood of periodontal disease. Further investigations with objective measures for periodontal disease are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Moriguchi EH, Yamori Y, Mori M, Sagara M, Mori H, Sakuma T, Ishikawa PM, Moriguchi Y. New Beverage for Cardiovascular Health, Proposal Based on Oriental and Occidental Food Culture from a World-Wide Epidemiological Study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2007.00398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yamaoka S, Fujimoto M, Mori M, Mori H, Yamori Y. RISK REDUCTION OF LIFESTYLE-RELATED DISEASES IN YOUNG ADULTS ON SOY- OR FISH-RICH TRADITIONAL JAPANESE MEALS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mink PJ, Scrafford CG, Barraj LM, Harnack L, Hong CP, Nettleton JA, Jacobs DR. Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:895-909. [PMID: 17344514 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.3.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 637] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary flavonoids may have beneficial cardiovascular effects in human populations, but epidemiologic study results have not been conclusive. OBJECTIVE We used flavonoid food composition data from 3 recently available US Department of Agriculture databases to improve estimates of dietary flavonoid intake and to evaluate the association between flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. DESIGN Study participants were 34 489 postmenopausal women in the Iowa Women's Health Study who were free of CVD and had complete food-frequency questionnaire information at baseline. Intakes of total flavonoids and 7 subclasses were categorized into quintiles, and food sources were grouped into frequency categories. Proportional hazards rate ratios (RR) were computed for CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and total mortality after 16 y of follow-up. RESULTS After multivariate adjustment, significant inverse associations were observed between anthocyanidins and CHD, CVD, and total mortality [RR (95% CI) for any versus no intake: 0.88 (0.78, 0.99), 0.91 (0.83, 0.99), and 0.90 (0.86, 0.95)]; between flavanones and CHD [RR for highest quintile versus lowest: 0.78 (0.65, 0.94)]; and between flavones and total mortality [RR for highest quintile versus lowest: 0.88 (0.82, 0.96)]. No association was found between flavonoid intake and stroke mortality. Individual flavonoid-rich foods associated with significant mortality reduction included bran (added to foods; associated with stroke and CVD); apples or pears or both and red wine (associated with CHD and CVD); grapefruit (associated with CHD); strawberries (associated with CVD); and chocolate (associated with CVD). CONCLUSION Dietary intakes of flavanones, anthocyanidins, and certain foods rich in flavonoids were associated with reduced risk of death due to CHD, CVD, and all causes.
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Yeung DKY, Leung SWS, Xu YC, Vanhoutte PM, Man RYK. Puerarin, an isoflavonoid derived from Radix puerariae, potentiates endothelium-independent relaxation via the cyclic AMP pathway in porcine coronary artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 552:105-11. [PMID: 17027964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 07/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin, an isoflavonoid derived from the Chinese medicinal herb Radix puerariae, has been suggested to be useful in the management of various cardiovascular disorders. The present study examined the effect of acute exposure (30 min) to puerarin on vascular relaxation. Rings from porcine coronary artery of either sex were used. The highest concentration of puerarin (100 microM) produced a small but statistically significant relaxation of U46619-contracted rings. Vascular relaxations were also studied in the presence of lower concentrations of puerarin (0.1, 1 and 10 microM) which had no direct relaxation effect. Puerarin enhanced vasorelaxation to endothelium-independent relaxing agents, sodium nitroprusside and cromakalim. However, puerarin had no effect on vasorelaxation induced by endothelium-dependent relaxing agents, bradykinin and calcium ionophore A23187. The potentiating action of puerarin (10 microM) on sodium nitroprusside-mediated relaxation was not affected by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 300 microM), or by the disruption of the endothelium with Triton X-100. The effect of puerarin was reversible following a washout period. The potentiating effects were comparable with the 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) analogues, 8-bromoadenosine-3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cyclic AMP; 10 muM) and Sp-isomer [S nomenclature refers to phosphorus] of adenosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Sp-cyclic AMPS; 3 microM), but not the 3'-5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP) analogue, 8-bromoguanosine-3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cyclic GMP; 3 microM). The cyclic AMP antagonist, Rp-isomer [R nomenclature refers to phosphorus] of 8-bromoadenosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-8-Br-cyclic AMPS; 10 microM), but not cyclic GMP antagonist, Rp-isomer of 8-bromoguanosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-8-Br-cyclic GMPS; 10 microM), reversed the effects of puerarin (10 microM) on the enhancement of vasorelaxation to sodium nitroprusside. Our results demonstrated that puerarin enhanced sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation, possibly via the cyclic AMP-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K Y Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, 2/F Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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