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Schini-Kerth VB, Diouf I, Muzammel H, Said A, Auger C. Natural Products to Promote Vascular Health. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39317849 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining good vascular health is a major component in healthy ageing as it reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction, in particular, is a key mechanism in the development of major cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetes. Recently, endothelial senescence has emerged as a pivotal early event in age-related endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial function is characterized by an imbalance between the endothelial formation of vasoprotective mechanisms, including the formation of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization responses, and an increased level of oxidative stress involving several pro-oxidant enzymes such as NADPH oxidases and, often also, the appearance of cyclooxygenase-derived vasoconstrictors. Pre-clinical studies have indicated that natural products, in particular several polyphenol-rich foods, can trigger activating pathways in endothelial cells promoting an increased formation of NO and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. In addition, some can even exert beneficial effects on endothelial senescence. Moreover, some of these products have been associated with the prevention and/or improvement of established endothelial dysfunction in several experimental models of cardiovascular diseases and in humans with cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, intake of certain natural products, such as dietary and plant-derived polyphenol-rich products, appears to be an attractive approach for a healthy vascular system in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie B Schini-Kerth
- Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, UR 3074, CRBS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Ibrahima Diouf
- Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, UR 3074, CRBS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hira Muzammel
- Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, UR 3074, CRBS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amissi Said
- Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, UR 3074, CRBS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Auger
- Regenerative Nanomedicine, INSERM UMR 1260, CRBS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Oh J, Ahn S, Zhou X, Lim YJ, Hong S, Kim HS. Effects of Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Extract on Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells and Lipid Accumulation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:5110. [PMID: 38140369 PMCID: PMC10745629 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and phenolic acid are two of the rich polyphenols found in cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum). The effects of cinnamon extract on the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells and prohibitory lipid accumulation in male mice fed a high-fat diet were examined. Upon treating 3T3-L1 cells with cinnamon for 3 days, the cinnamon inhibited lipid accumulation and increased gene expression levels, such as those of adiponectin and leptin. In in vivo experiments, mice were randomized into four groups after a one-week acclimation period, as follows: normal diet, normal diet + 1% cinnamon extract, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet + 1% cinnamon extract. After 14 weeks of supplementation, we found that cinnamon extract increased the expression of lipolysis-related proteins, such as AMPK, p-ACC, and CPT-1, and reduced the expression of lipid-synthesis-related proteins, such as SREBP-1c and FAS, in liver tissue. Our results show that cinnamon extract may exhibit anti-obesity effects via the inhibition of lipid synthesis and adipogenesis and the induction of lipolysis in both 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells and mice fed a high-fat diet. Accordingly, cinnamon extract may have potential anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; (J.O.)
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Islam MR, Dhar PS, Akash S, Syed SH, Gupta JK, Gandla K, Akter M, Rauf A, Hemeg HA, Anwar Y, Aljohny BO, Wilairatana P. Bioactive molecules from terrestrial and seafood resources in hypertension treatment: focus on molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:45. [PMID: 37902881 PMCID: PMC10616036 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN), a complex cardiovascular disease (CVD), significantly impacts global health, prompting a growing interest in complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article seeks to provide an up-to-date and thorough summary of modern therapeutic techniques for treating HTN, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action found in substances found in plants, herbs, and seafood. Bioactive molecules have been a significant source of novel therapeutics and are crucial in developing and testing new HTN remedies. Recent advances in science have made it possible to understand the complex molecular mechanisms underlying blood pressure (BP)-regulating effects of these natural substances better. Polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and peptides are examples of bioactive compounds that have demonstrated promise in influencing several pathways involved in regulating vascular tone, reducing oxidative stress (OS), reducing inflammation, and improving endothelial function. The article explains the vasodilatory, diuretic, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) modifying properties of vital plants such as garlic and olive leaf. Phytochemicals from plants are the primary in traditional drug development as models for novel antihypertensive drugs, providing diverse strategies to combat HTN due to their biological actions. The review also discusses the functions of calcium channel blockers originating from natural sources, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and nitric oxide (NO) donors. Including seafood components in this study demonstrates the increased interest in using bioactive chemicals originating from marine sources to treat HTN. Omega-3 fatty acids, peptides, and minerals obtained from seafood sources have anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and antioxidant properties that improve vascular health and control BP. Overall, we discussed the multiple functions of bioactive molecules and seafood components in the treatment of HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Puja Sutro Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Sabeena Hussain Syed
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Survey No 2, 3,4, Kondhwa Main Rd, Laxmi Nagar, Betal Nagar, Kondhwa, Pune, Maharashtra, 411048, India
| | | | - Kumaraswamy Gandla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Chaitanya (Deemed to Be University), Himayath Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500075, India
| | - Muniya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23561, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medinah Al-Monawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Oudh Aljohny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Abdelrahman IA, Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Alam MA, Al-Jenoobi FI. Cinnamon modulates the pharmacodynamic & pharmacokinetic of amlodipine in hypertensive rats. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101737. [PMID: 37638214 PMCID: PMC10458336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cinnamon on the pharmacodynamic (PD) & pharmacokinetic (PK) of amlodipine in hypertensive rats. The hypertensive control group of Wistar rats received L-NAME (40 mg/kg, daily, orally) only. The cinnamon group of rats was treated with cinnamon (200 mg/kg, daily, orally) along with L-NAME. Following 14 days treatment period, blood pressures of rats were monitored at designated intervals over 24 h utilizing a tail-cuff system for measuring blood pressure. To assess the oral PK; amlodipine was administered as a single oral dose of 1 mg/kg to rats and blood samples were collected at specified intervals over 24 h and analysed by UPLC-LC MS/MS. Synergistic decreased in rat's blood pressure was observed in presence of cinnamon + amlodipine. Simultaneous administration of cinnamon ameliorates the Cmax and AUC0-t of amlodipine, the Cmax and AUC0-t was 11.04 ± 1.01 ng/ml and 113.76 ± 5.62 ng h/ml for the cinnamon + amlodipine group as compared to 4.12 ± 0.49 ng/ml and 48.59 ± 4.28 ng h/ml for the amlodipine alone group. The study demonstrates that the use of cinnamon considerably decreases the blood pressure levels and enhances the PK parameters of amlodipine in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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An Overview of Herbal Nutraceuticals, Their Extraction, Formulation, Therapeutic Effects and Potential Toxicity. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal nutraceuticals are foods derived from plants and/or their derivatives, such as oils, roots, seeds, berries, or flowers, that support wellness and combat acute and chronic ailments induced by unhealthful dietary habits. The current review enlists various traditional as well as unexplored herbs including angelica, burnet, caraway, laurel, parsley, yarrow, and zedoary, which are rich sources of bioactive components, such as aloesin, angelicin, trans-anethole, and cholesteric-7-en-3β-ol. The review further compares some of the extraction and purification techniques, namely, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, microwave assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, hydro-distillation extraction, ultra-high-pressure extraction, enzyme assisted extraction, pulsed electric field extraction, bio affinity chromatography, cell membrane chromatography, and ligand fishing. Herbal nutraceuticals can be purchased in varied formulations, such as capsules, pills, powders, liquids, and gels. Some of the formulations currently available on the market are discussed here. Further, the significance of herbal nutraceuticals in prevention and cure of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, dementia, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia; and as immunomodulators and antimicrobial agents has been discussed. Noteworthy, the inappropriate use of these herbal nutraceuticals can lead to hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, nephrotoxicity, hematotoxicity, and cardiac toxicity. Hence, this review concludes with a discussion of various regulatory aspects undertaken by the government agencies in order to minimize the adverse effects associated with herbal nutraceuticals.
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Wu T, Huang W, He M, Yue R. Effects of cinnamon supplementation on lipid profiles among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 49:101625. [PMID: 35803022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies in animals and humans have reported numerous beneficial effects of cinnamon. However, its hypolipidemic efficacy in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders is still controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the lipid-regulating effects and safety of cinnamon in a population with MetS and related disorders. METHODS Studies that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Randomized placebo-controlled trials of cinnamon or its extracts in the treatment of MetS and related metabolic diseases were the main eligibility criteria. The Cochrane Handbook was used to guide the study selection, quality assessment, and data analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 15.0. RESULTS Twelve studies involving 773 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The overall results showed that cinnamon could significantly reduce total cholesterol (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.19 mmol/L [-7.34 mg/dL]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.24, -0.14 [-9.27, -5.41]), triglyceride (WMD: -0.10 mmol/L [-8.85 mg/dL]; 95% CI: -0.16, -0.04 [-14.16, -3.54]), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: -0.16 mmol/L [-6.18 mg/dL]; 95% CI: -0.20, -0.11 [-7.72, -4.25]). In the subgroup analysis, cinnamon did not exhibit a significant effect on lipid profiles in European and American patients. Larger doses of cinnamon tended to exhibit better regulation of lipid profiles and high-dose cinnamon (≥1.5 g/d) significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: 0.07 mmol/L [2.70 mg/dL]; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.11 [1.16, 4.25]). CONCLUSION The current evidence shows that cinnamon can regulate lipid profiles in patients with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingchao Wu
- Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Mingmin He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Miah MA, Himel MH, Sujan KM, Mustari A, Haque MI. Protective effects of cinnamon powder against hyperlipidemia and hepatotoxicity in butter fed female albino mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3069-3074. [PMID: 35531151 PMCID: PMC9073011 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A butter-enriched high-fat diet changes lipid metabolism, resulting in fat storage, hyperlipidemia and obesity. Effects of cinnamon powder were investigated in butter-fed mice. 40 Swiss Albino mice, aged 28 to 30 days, were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A was an untreated control group (n = 8) and another group (n = 32) was a butter-treated group fed 10% butter. In the fifth week, mice of the butter-fed group were further divided into four equal groups: B, C, D, and E (n = 8), fed 10% butter with cinnamon 200 mg, 400 mg, and 600 mg powder per liter drinking water, respectively for 10 weeks. The butter-fed group was gained the most weight. Cinnamon supplementation significantly normalized weight gain and had no harmful effects on hematological parameters. Butter supplementation significantly increased total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) whereas, cinnamon powder significantly reduced TC, LDL-c and glucose levels. In butter-fed mice, a significant increase was observed in the liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels with subsequent fat deposition in the liver. Excitingly, these enzymes were decreased and no fat depositions were observed in the liver of cinnamon-treated mice. Applying different concentrations of cinnamon powder improved the lipid profile in butter-fed female albino mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alam Miah
- Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mainul Hassan Himel
- Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Khaled Mahmud Sujan
- Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Afrina Mustari
- Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Iqramul Haque
- Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Shang C, Lin H, Fang X, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Qu Y, Xiang M, Shen Z, Xin L, Lu Y, Gao J, Cui X. Beneficial effects of cinnamon and its extracts in the management of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Food Funct 2021; 12:12194-12220. [PMID: 34752593 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01935j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes are the leading causes of death worldwide, which underlines the urgent necessity to develop new pharmacotherapies. Cinnamon has been an eminent component of spice and traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Numerous lines of findings have elucidated that cinnamon has beneficial effects against CVDs in various ways, including endothelium protection, regulation of immune response, lowering blood lipids, antioxidative properties, anti-inflammatory properties, suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and mobilization, repression of platelet activity and thrombosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. Furthermore, emerging evidence has established that cinnamon improves diabetes, a crucial risk factor for CVDs, by enhancing insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion; regulating the enzyme activity involved in glucose; regulating glucose metabolism in the liver, adipose tissue and muscle; ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation to protect islet cells; and improving diabetes complications. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms by which cinnamon regulates CVDs and diabetes in order to provide a theoretical basis for the further clinical application of cinnamon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongchen Lin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xuqin Fang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhilin Jiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yi Qu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Zihuan Shen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Laiyun Xin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Yingdong Lu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jialiang Gao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Elazab ST, Elshater NS, Kishaway ATY, EI-Emam HA. Cinnamon Extract and Probiotic Supplementation Alleviate Copper-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1609. [PMID: 34072428 PMCID: PMC8228193 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the potential protective effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cin) and probiotic against CuSO4-induced nephrotoxicity in broiler chickens. One-day-old Cobb chicks were assigned into seven groups (15 birds/group): control group, fed basal diet; Cin group, fed the basal diet mixed with Cin (200 mg/kg); PR group, receiving PR (1 g/4 L water); Cu group, fed the basal diets mixed with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg); Cu + Cin group; Cu + PR group; and Cu + Cin + PR group. All treatments were given daily for 6 weeks. Treatment of Cu-intoxicated chickens with Cin and/or PR reduced (p < 0.05) Cu contents in renal tissues and serum levels of urea, creatinine, and uric acid compared to the Cu group. Moreover, Cin and PR treatment decreased lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in chickens' kidney. Additionally, significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-2) and Bax, and in cyclooxygenase (COX-II) enzyme expression, and significant elevation (p < 0.05) in mRNA expression of IL-10 and Bcl-2 were observed in kidneys of Cu + Cin, Cu + PR, and Cu + Cin + PR groups compared to Cu group. Conclusively, Cin and/or PR afford considerable renal protection against Cu-induced nephrotoxicity in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T. Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nahla S. Elshater
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Asmaa T. Y. Kishaway
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia Governorate 44519, Egypt;
| | - Huda A. EI-Emam
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
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Ghavami A, Haghighian HK, Roshanravan N, Ziaei R, Ghaedi E, Moravejolahkami AR, Askari G. What is the Impact of Cinnamon Supplementation on Blood Pressure? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:956-965. [PMID: 32727334 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200729143614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to make a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of cinnamon on blood pressure (BP). METHODS A systematic computerized literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases was conducted up to August 2019. All RCTs using cinnamon supplements in adults were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. RESULTS Out of 927 records, 8 trials that enrolled 582 participants were included. The pooled effect size showed that SBP did not change following cinnamon supplementation. (WMD: -0.61mmHg; 95% CI: -1.36, 0.14, P= 0.111). Also cinnamon supplementation in long-duration (≥ 8weeks) had a significant effect on SBP (WMD: -1.25 mmHg; 95% CI: -2.22, -0.28, P= 0.012). Pooled analysis showed that cinnamon had a significant effect on DBP (WMD: -0.93mmHg, 95% CI: -1.55 to -0.32, P= 0.003). In addition, results from both duration subsets and high dose (>1500 mg/day) of cinnamon supplementation were significant. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that cinnamon supplementation has favorable effects on DBP although results of SBP were not the same. Nonetheless, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Ghavami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein K Haghighian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rahele Ziaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir R Moravejolahkami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Jamali N, Jalali M, Saffari-Chaleshtori J, Samare-Najaf M, Samareh A. Effect of cinnamon supplementation on blood pressure and anthropometric parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:119-125. [PMID: 32032898 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of cinnamon supplementation on blood pressure and anthropometric indices in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to find relevant records up to 22 August 2019. Standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the effect of cinnamon supplementation on the outcomes of this study. In the case of heterogeneity, fixed and random effect models were used. The obtained data were analyzed by Stata 13. After excluding irrelevant records, 9 eligible articles were included. RESULTS This meta-analysis found a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (SMD: -0.532, 95% CI: [-1.032, -0.033], P = 0.037) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SMD: -0.681, 95% CI: [-1.297, -0.065], P = 0.030) of patients with type 2 diabetes following cinnamon supplementation. Based on the results of the present study, cinnamon supplementation had no significant effect on the body weight (BW) (SMD: -0.309, 95% CI: [-0.793, 0.175], P = 0.211), body mass index (BMI) (SMD: -0.550, 95% CI: [-1.244, 0.144], P = 0.120). and waist circumference (WC) (SMD: -0.235, 95% CI: [-0.518, 0.047], P = 0.103). CONCLUSIONS Cinnamon supplementation significantly decreased SBP and DBP of patients with type 2 diabetes. Although cinnamon intake caused changes in anthropometric parameters, the observed changes were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Jamali
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Javad Saffari-Chaleshtori
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samare-Najaf
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Samareh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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The role of nutraceuticals in prevention and treatment of hypertension: An updated review of the literature. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108749. [PMID: 31955788 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a worldwide epidemic in both developed and developing countries. It is one of the leading causes of major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and heart attack. In recent years, several studies have reported associations between specific dietary ingredients and improving HTN. Nutraceuticals are natural food components with pharmacological properties. Reports suggest that functional foods and nutraceutical ingredients might support patients to obtain the desired therapeutic blood pressure (BP) goals and reduce cardiovascular risks by modulating various risk factors such as oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin system hyperactivity, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and vascular resistance. We review the recent clinical experiments that have evaluated the biological and pharmacological activities of several types of nutraceuticals, including sour tea, cocoa, common spices, vitamin C, vitamin E, lycopene, flavonoids, coenzyme Q10, milk's tripeptides, calcium, magnesium, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and prebiotics in preventing and treating HTN. This review summarizes recent knowledge about the impact of common nutraceuticals for the regulation of BP.
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13
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Mousavi SM, Karimi E, Hajishafiee M, Milajerdi A, Amini MR, Esmaillzadeh A. Anti-hypertensive effects of cinnamon supplementation in adults: A systematic review and dose-response Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3144-3154. [PMID: 31617744 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1678012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Despite controversies, no earlier study has systematically summarized findings from earlier studies on the effect of cinnamon supplementation on blood pressure. Therefore, current systematic review and meta-analysis was done on the effect of cinnamon supplementation on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in adults.Methods: Relevant studies published up to July 2019 were searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar. All randomized clinical trials investigating the impact of oral cinnamon supplementation on any of the blood pressure parameters including SBP or/and DBP were included.Results: Out of 469 citations, 9 trials that enrolled 641 subjects were included. Cinnamon supplementation resulted in significant reduction in SBP (Weighted Mean Differences (WMD): -6.23 mmHg, 95% CI: -10.69 to -1.77, P = 0.006) and DBP (WMD: -3.93 mmHg, 95% CI: -6.33 to -1.52, P = 0.001). Greater effects on SBP were detected in trials using ≤2 g cinnamon, lasted ≥12 weeks and participants aged <50 years' old. DBP was also reduced by using lower doses. However, no significant non-linear associations were found between cinnamon supplementation dosage and study duration with both SBP (For dosage: Pnon-linearity = 0.35, for duration: Pnon-linearity = 0.21) and DBP (For dosage: Pnon-linearity = 0.27, for duration: Pnon-linearity = 0.41).Conclusions: We found a significant reduction in both SBP and DBP following cinnamon supplementation in adults. It could be proposed as a hypotensive supplement in hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Karimi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hajishafiee
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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14
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Phytochemistry and beneficial impacts of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as a dietary supplement in poultry diets. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933918000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Nour OAA, Shehatou GSG, Rahim MA, El-Awady MS, Suddek GM. Cinnamaldehyde exerts vasculoprotective effects in hypercholestrolemic rabbits. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1203-1219. [PMID: 30058017 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cinnamaldehyde (CIN), a commonly consumed food flavor, against high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced vascular damage in rabbits were evaluated. Male New Zealand rabbits (n = 24) were allocated to four groups at random: control, fed with standard rabbit chow; CIN, fed with standard diet and administered CIN; HCD, fed with 1% cholesterol-enriched diet; and HCD-CIN, fed with HCD and treated with CIN. CIN was orally given at a dose of (10 mg/kg/day) concomitantly with each diet type from day 1 until the termination of the experimental protocol (4 weeks). HCD elicited significant elevations in serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), and high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C, respectively) compared with control rabbits. Moreover, aortic levels of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly lower, while aortic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were significantly higher, in HCD-fed rabbits relative to control animals. CIN administration mitigated or completely reversed HCD-induced metabolic alterations, vascular oxidative stress, and inflammation. Moreover, CIN ameliorated HCD-induced vascular functional and structural irregularities. Aortic rings from HCD-CIN group showed improved relaxation to acetylcholine compared to aortas from HCD group. Moreover, CIN decreased atherosclerotic lipid deposition and intima/media (I/M) ratio of HCD aortas. CIN-mediated effects might be related to its ability to attenuate the elevated aortic mRNA expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and MPO in HCD group. Interestingly, the vasculoprotective effects of CIN treatment in the current study do not seem to be mediated via Nrf2-dependent mechanisms. In conclusion, CIN may mitigate the development of atherosclerosis in hypercholestrolemic rabbits via cholesterol-lowering, antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia A A Nour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mona Abdel Rahim
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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16
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Sedighi M, Nazari A, Faghihi M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Karimi A, Moghimian M, Mozaffarpur SA, Rashidipour M, Namdari M, Cheraghi M, Rasoulian B. Protective effects of cinnamon bark extract against ischemia-reperfusion injury and arrhythmias in rat. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1983-1991. [PMID: 29917280 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) is a plant with potent antioxidant activity and has been used in traditional medicine for improvement of heart function. The effects of cinnamon bark ethanolic extract were investigated against ischemia-induced arrhythmias and heart injury in an in vivo rat model of regional heart ischemia. The extract was also standardized, and its antioxidant activity was evaluated. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 30 min of ischemia by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 5 days of reperfusion. Thirty-two animals were randomized to receive daily oral administration of vehicle or C. zeylanicum bark extract (intragastric, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) 14 days before ischemia. C. zeylanicum was standardized through HPLC analysis. Administration of cinnamon bark extract significantly improved ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury as evidenced by reduction of the infarct size. Also, during the ischemic period, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular ectopic beats episodes decreased as compared with that of the control group. The extract stabilized the ST segment changes and QTc shortening, decreased R-wave amplitude, and increased heart rate during ischemia. The extract also caused significant elevations in serum superoxide dismutase and glutation proxidase activities as well as a significant decrease in serum cardiac troponin I, lactate dehydrogenase, and malondialdehyde levels, 5 days after reperfusion. In HPLC analysis, the amounts of Cinamic acid, Methyl eugenol, and Cinnamaldehyde were 8.99 ± 0.5, 13.02 ± 1.8, and 14.63 ± 1.1 mg/g, respectively. The results show that the ethanolic extract of cinnamon bark is able to protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury probably due to its antioxidant properties. Hence, it might be beneficial in these patients and this remedy might be used for preparation of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Sedighi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Afshin Nazari
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Faghihi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiologist, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghimian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Institute of Health, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rashidipour
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Namdari
- Department of Cardiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Cheraghi
- Department of Cardiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Bahram Rasoulian
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
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Stress exposure alters brain mRNA expression of the genes involved in insulin signalling, an effect modified by a high fat/high fructose diet and cinnamon supplement. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197094. [PMID: 29813096 PMCID: PMC5973592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In occidental societies, high fat and high sugar diets often coincide with episodes of stress. The association is likely to modify brain energy control. Brain insulin signalling is rarely studied in stressed individuals consuming high fat diets. Furthermore the effects of cinnamon supplement are not known in these conditions. Therefore, we exposed rats, over a 12-week period, to a control (C) or a high fat/high fructose (HF/HFr) diet that induces peripheral insulin resistance. A cinnamon supplement (C+CN and HF/HFr +CN) was added or not. After diet exposure, one group of rats was exposed to a 30-min restraint followed by a 10-min open-field test, their combination featuring a moderate stressor, the other rats staying unstressed in their home cages. The insulin signalling in hippocampus and frontal cortex was studied through the mRNA expression of the following genes: insulin receptor (Ir), insulin receptor substrate (Irs1), glucose transporters (Glut1 and Glut3), glycogen synthase (Gys1) and their modulators, Akt1 and Pten. In C rats, stress enhanced the expression of Ir, Irs1, Glut1, Gys1 and Akt1 mRNA. In C+CN rats, stress induced an increase in Pten but a decrease in Gys1 mRNA expression. In HF/HFr rats, stress was associated with an increase in Pten mRNA expression. In HF/HFr+CN rats, stress increased Pten mRNA expression but also decreased Gys1 mRNA expression. This suggests that a single moderate stress favours energy refilling mechanisms, an effect blunted by a previous HF/HFr diet and cinnamon supplement.
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Gupta Jain S, Puri S, Misra A, Gulati S, Mani K. Effect of oral cinnamon intervention on metabolic profile and body composition of Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome: a randomized double -blind control trial. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:113. [PMID: 28606084 PMCID: PMC5469078 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional modulation remains central to the management of metabolic syndrome. Intervention with cinnamon in individuals with metabolic syndrome remains sparsely researched. METHODS We investigated the effect of oral cinnamon consumption on body composition and metabolic parameters of Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome. In this 16-week double blind randomized control trial, 116 individuals with metabolic syndrome were randomized to two dietary intervention groups, cinnamon [6 capsules (3 g) daily] or wheat flour [6 capsules (2.5 g) daily]. Body composition, blood pressure and metabolic parameters were assessed. RESULTS Significantly greater decrease [difference between means, (95% CI)] in fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) [0.3 (0.2, 0.5) p = 0.001], glycosylated haemoglobin (mmol/mol) [2.6 (0.4, 4.9) p = 0.023], waist circumference (cm) [4.8 (1.9, 7.7) p = 0.002] and body mass index (kg/m2 ) [1.3 (0.9, 1.5) p = 0.001] was observed in the cinnamon group compared to placebo group. Other parameters which showed significantly greater improvement were: waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Prevalence of defined metabolic syndrome was significantly reduced in the intervention group (34.5%) vs. the placebo group (5.2%). CONCLUSION A single supplement intervention with 3 g cinnamon for 16 weeks resulted in significant improvements in all components of metabolic syndrome in a sample of Asian Indians in north India. TRIAL REGISTRATION The clinical trial was retrospectively registered (after the recruitment of the participants) in ClinicalTrial.gov under the identification number: NCT02455778 on 25th May 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Gupta Jain
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Puri
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis-C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, B-16, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, -110048 India
| | - Seema Gulati
- Centre of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), SDA, New Delhi, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), SDA, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalaivani Mani
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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19
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Patten GS, Abeywardena MY, Bennett LE. Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Angiotensin II Receptor Blocking, and Blood Pressure Lowering Bioactivity across Plant Families. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:181-214. [PMID: 24915402 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.651176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. Interest in medicinal or nutraceutical plant bioactives to reduce hypertension has increased dramatically. The main biological regulation of mammalian blood pressure is via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The key enzyme is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) that converts angiotensin I into the powerful vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II binds to its receptors (AT1) on smooth muscle cells of the arteriole vasculature causing vasoconstriction and elevation of blood pressure. This review focuses on the in vitro and in vivo reports of plant-derived extracts that inhibit ACE activity, block angiotensin II receptor binding and demonstrate hypotensive activity in animal or human studies. We describe 74 families of plants that exhibited significant ACE inhibitory activity and 16 plant families with potential AT1 receptor blocking activity, according to in vitro studies. From 43 plant families including some of those with in vitro bioactivity, the extracts from 73 plant species lowered blood pressure in various normotensive or hypertensive in vivo models by the oral route. Of these, 19 species from 15 families lowered human BP when administered orally. Some of the active plant extracts, isolated bioactives and BP-lowering mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen S Patten
- a CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Mahinda Y Abeywardena
- a CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Louise E Bennett
- b CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Werribee , Victoria , British Columbia , Australia
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20
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Gaique TG, Lopes BP, Souza LL, Paula GSM, Pazos-Moura CC, Oliveira KJ. Cinnamon intake reduces serum T3 level and modulates tissue-specific expression of thyroid hormone receptor and target genes in rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:2889-2895. [PMID: 26374392 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamon has several effects on energy metabolism. However, no data exist on the impact of cinnamon intake on thyroid hormone serum concentrations and action, since thyroid hormones (THs) play a major role in metabolism. RESULTS Male rats were treated with cinnamon water extract (400 mg kg(-1) body weight, 25 days). Cinnamon supplementation resulted in a lower serum total T3 level accompanied by normal serum T4 and TSH levels. The cinnamon-treated rats did not exhibit significant differences in TSHβ subunit, TRβ or deiodinase type 2 mRNA expression in the pituitary. In the liver, cinnamon did not change the TRβ protein expression or the deiodinase type 1 mRNA expression, suggesting that there were no changes in T3 signaling or metabolism in this organ. However, mitochondrial GPDH, a target gene for T3 in the liver, exhibited no changes in mRNA expression, although its activity level was reduced by cinnamon. In the cardiac ventricle, T3 action was markedly reduced by cinnamon, as demonstrated by the lower TRα mRNA and protein levels, reduced SERCA2a and RyR2 and increased phospholamban mRNA expression. CONCLUSION This study has revealed that TH action is a novel target of cinnamon, demonstrating impairment of T3 signaling in the cardiac ventricles. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiane G Gaique
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24210-130, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna P Lopes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana L Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S M Paula
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karen J Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24210-130, RJ, Brazil
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Sengsuk C, Sanguanwong S, Tangvarasittichai O, Tangvarasittichai S. Effect of cinnamon supplementation on glucose, lipids levels, glomerular filtration rate, and blood pressure of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Int 2016; 7:124-132. [PMID: 30603255 PMCID: PMC6225001 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-015-0218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed to investigate the effect of cinnamon supplementation on glucose, triglyceride (TG), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, TG/HDL-C ratio, blood pressure (BP), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for ninety-nine type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Forty nine (49) patients with T2DM were in the cinnamon group whereas 50 were in the placebo group. All participants received either a cinnamon or placebo capsule daily for the 60-day study period. At the end of the study, median glucose, TG, TG/HDL-C ratio, and BP were significantly decreased (p < 0.005) whereas HDL-C and eGFR levels were significantly increased (p < 0.005) in the cinnamon supplementation group. Interestingly, the study also revealed reduction of HbA1c levels after the 60-day study period. In the placebo group, glucose, TG levels tended to increase and HDL-C levels tended to decrease whereas systolic and diastolic BP, HbA1c, and BUN CT were significantly increased and eGFR was significantly reduced (p < 0.005). Cinnamon supplementation reduced plasma glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, TG/HDL-C ratio, and BP and increased HDL-C levels and eGFR in subjects with T2DM. Cinnamon supplementation may be beneficial for those with T2DM to prevent and control diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintana Sengsuk
- Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | | | - Orathai Tangvarasittichai
- Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Surapon Tangvarasittichai
- Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
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Feyh A, Bracero L, Lakhani HV, Santhanam P, Shapiro JI, Khitan Z, Sodhi K. Role of Dietary Components in Modulating Hypertension. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL CARDIOLOGY 2016; 7:433. [PMID: 27158555 PMCID: PMC4857880 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9880.1000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major health issue, particularly in medically underserved populations that may suffer from poor health literacy, poverty, and limited access to healthcare resources. Management of the disease reduces the risk of adverse outcomes, such as cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events, vision impairment due to retinal damage, and renal failure. In addition to pharmacological therapy, lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise are effective in managing hypertension. Current diet guidelines include the DASH diet, a low-fat and low-sodium diet that encourages high consumption of fruits and vegetables. While the diet is effective in controlling hypertension, adherence to the diet is poor and there are few applicable dietary alternatives, which is an issue that can arise from poor health literacy in at-risk populations. The purpose of this review is to outline the effect of specific dietary components, both positive and negative, when formulating a dietary approach to hypertension management that ultimately aims to improve patient adherence to the treatment, and achieve better control of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Feyh
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Lucas Bracero
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | | | - Prasanna Santhanam
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Zeid Khitan
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery and Pharmacology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, USA
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Anwar MA, Al Disi SS, Eid AH. Anti-Hypertensive Herbs and Their Mechanisms of Action: Part II. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:50. [PMID: 27014064 PMCID: PMC4782109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine has a history extending back to thousands of years, and during the intervening time, man has identified the healing properties of a very broad range of plants. Globally, the use of herbal therapies to treat and manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) is on the rise. This is the second part of our comprehensive review where we discuss the mechanisms of plants and herbs used for the treatment and management of high blood pressure. Similar to the first part, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were utilized, and the following keywords and phrases were used as inclusion criteria: hypertension, high blood pressure, herbal medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, endothelial cells, nitric oxide (NO), vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, hydrogen sulfide, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), oxidative stress, and epigenetics/epigenomics. Each of the aforementioned keywords was co-joined with plant or herb in question, and where possible with its constituent molecule(s). This part deals in particular with plants that are used, albeit less frequently, for the treatment and management of hypertension. We then discuss the interplay between herbs/prescription drugs and herbs/epigenetics in the context of this disease. The review then concludes with a recommendation for more rigorous, well-developed clinical trials to concretely determine the beneficial impact of herbs and plants on hypertension and a disease-free living.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akhtar Anwar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara S Al Disi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon
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Shen Y, Jia LN, Honma N, Hosono T, Ariga T, Seki T. Beneficial effects of cinnamon on the metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and pain, and mechanisms underlying these effects - a review. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 2:27-32. [PMID: 24716111 PMCID: PMC3943007 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon is one of the most important herbal drugs and has been widely used in Asia for more than 4000 years. As a folk medicine, cinnamon has been traditionally applied to the treatment of inflammatory disorders and gastric diseases. After chemical profiling of cinnamon's components, their biological activities including antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor, antihypertension, antilipemic, antidiabetes, gastroprotective and immunomodulatory were reported by many investigators. As a result, current studies have been performed mostly focusing on the bioactivity of cinnamon toward the recently generalized metabolic syndrome involving diabetes. In this review article, we provide an overview of the recent literature describing cinnamon's potential for preventing the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Physiology, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Liu-Nan Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University; 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Natsumi Honma
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Physiology, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takashi Hosono
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Physiology, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Toyohiko Ariga
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Physiology, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Taiichiro Seki
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Physiology, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Anderson RA, Qin B, Canini F, Poulet L, Roussel AM. Cinnamon counteracts the negative effects of a high fat/high fructose diet on behavior, brain insulin signaling and Alzheimer-associated changes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83243. [PMID: 24349472 PMCID: PMC3862724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance leads to memory impairment. Cinnamon (CN) improves peripheral insulin resistance but its effects in the brain are not known. Changes in behavior, insulin signaling and Alzheimer-associated mRNA expression in the brain were measured in male Wistar rats fed a high fat/high fructose (HF/HFr) diet to induce insulin resistance, with or without CN, for 12 weeks. There was a decrease in insulin sensitivity associated with the HF/HFr diet that was reversed by CN. The CN fed rats were more active in a Y maze test than rats fed the control and HF/HFr diets. The HF/HFr diet fed rats showed greater anxiety in an elevated plus maze test that was lessened by feeding CN. The HF/HFr diet also led to a down regulation of the mRNA coding for GLUT1 and GLUT3 that was reversed by CN in the hippocampus and cortex. There were increases in Insr, Irs1 and Irs2 mRNA in the hippocampus and cortex due to the HF/HFr diet that were not reversed by CN. Increased peripheral insulin sensitivity was also associated with increased glycogen synthase in both hippocampus and cortex in the control and HF/HFr diet animals fed CN. The HF/HFr diet induced increases in mRNA associated with Alzheimers including PTEN, Tau and amyloid precursor protein (App) were also alleviated by CN. In conclusion, these data suggest that the negative effects of a HF/HFr diet on behavior, brain insulin signaling and Alzheimer-associated changes were alleviated by CN suggesting that neuroprotective effects of CN are associated with improved whole body insulin sensitivity and related changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Anderson
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bolin Qin
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- Integrity Nutraceuticals International, Spring Hill, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Frederic Canini
- Army Institute for Research in Biology, Grenoble, France
- Ecole du Val de Grâce, 1 place Laveran, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Poulet
- Army Institute for Research in Biology, Grenoble, France
- National Institute for Health, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Marie Roussel
- National Institute for Health, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France
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Effect of a high-fat--high-fructose diet, stress and cinnamon on central expression of genes related to immune system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function and cerebral plasticity in rats. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:1190-201. [PMID: 24252462 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513003577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intake of a high-fat/high-fructose (HF/HFr) diet is described to be deleterious to cognitive performances, possibly via the induction of inflammatory factors. An excess of glucocorticoids is also known to exert negative effects on cerebral plasticity. In the present study, we assessed the effects of an unbalanced diet on circulating and central markers of inflammation and glucocorticoid activity, as well as their reversal by dietary cinnamon (CN) supplementation. A group of male Wistar rats were subjected to an immune challenge with acute lipopolysaccharide under a HF/HFr or a standard diet. Another group of Wistar rats were fed either a HF/HFr or a control diet for 12 weeks, with or without CN supplementation, and with or without restraint stress (Str) application before being killed. We evaluated the effects of such regimens on inflammation parameters in the periphery and brain and on the expression of actors of brain plasticity. To assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity, we measured the plasma concentrations of corticosterone and the expression of central corticotrophin-releasing hormone, mineralocorticoid receptor, glucocorticoid receptor and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. We found that the HF/HFr diet induced the expression of cytokines in the brain, but only after an immune challenge. Furthermore, we observed the negative effects of Str on the plasma concentrations of corticosterone and neuroplasticity markers in rats fed the control diet but not in those fed the HF/HFr diet. Additionally, we found that CN supplementation exerted beneficial effects under the control diet, but that its effects were blunted or even reversed under the HF/HFr diet. CN supplementation could be beneficial under a standard diet. [corrected].
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Ranasinghe P, Pigera S, Premakumara GAS, Galappaththy P, Constantine GR, Katulanda P. Medicinal properties of 'true' cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum): a systematic review. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:275. [PMID: 24148965 PMCID: PMC3854496 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In traditional medicine Cinnamon is considered a remedy for respiratory, digestive and gynaecological ailments. In-vitro and in-vivo studies from different parts of the world have demonstrated numerous beneficial medicinal effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ). This paper aims to systematically review the scientific literature and provide a comprehensive summary on the potential medicinal benefits of CZ. METHODS A comprehensive systematic review was conducted in the following databases; PubMed, Web of Science, SciVerse Scopus for studies published before 31st December 2012. The following keywords were used: "Cinnamomum zeylanicum", "Ceylon cinnamon", "True cinnamon" and "Sri Lankan cinnamon". To obtain additional data a manual search was performed using the reference lists of included articles. RESULTS The literature search identified the following number of articles in the respective databases; PubMed=54, Web of Science=76 and SciVerse Scopus=591. Thirteen additional articles were identified by searching reference lists. After removing duplicates the total number of articles included in the present review is 70. The beneficial health effects of CZ identified were; a) anti-microbial and anti-parasitic activity, b) lowering of blood glucose, blood pressure and serum cholesterol, c) anti-oxidant and free-radical scavenging properties, d) inhibition of tau aggregation and filament formation (hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease), e) inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis, f) anti-secretagogue and anti-gastric ulcer effects, g) anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, h) wound healing properties and i) hepato-protective effects. The studies reported minimal toxic and adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS The available in-vitro and in-vivo evidence suggests that CZ has many beneficial health effects. However, since data on humans are sparse, randomized controlled trials in humans will be necessary to determine whether these effects have public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanga Ranasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Shehani Pigera
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Godwin R Constantine
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Prasad Katulanda
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Akilen R, Pimlott Z, Tsiami A, Robinson N. Effect of short-term administration of cinnamon on blood pressure in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Nutrition 2013; 29:1192-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Long known as a spice, cinnamon’s potential efficacy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes has been gaining interest. Evidence from animal models shows efficacy as an insulin mimetic and insulin sensitizing agent, in addition to other potential mechanisms of action. Human clinical data regarding its efficacy have shown inconsistent results but may be related to differentials in baseline glucose control, type of cinnamon used, and duration of study. Overall, a significant number of trials have shown cinnamon to be an effective option for lowering blood sugar in uncontrolled type 2 diabetics. Cinnamon’s reasonable cost, over-the-counter availability, and safety profile make it a relatively low-risk option for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Howard
- Creighton University School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Nicole D. White
- Creighton University School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, Nebraska
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Patten GS, Abeywardena MY, Head RJ, Bennett LE. Processed dietary plants demonstrate broad capacity for angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor binding inhibition in vitro. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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SAFITHRI MEGA, YASNI SEDARNAWATI, BINTANG MARIA, RANTI ANNASETIADI. Toxicity Study of Antidiabetics Functional Drink of Piper crocatum and Cinnamomum burmannii. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.19.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Wainstein J, Stern N, Heller S, Boaz M. Dietary Cinnamon Supplementation and Changes in Systolic Blood Pressure in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. J Med Food 2011; 14:1505-10. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naftali Stern
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shimrit Heller
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Mona Boaz
- Epidemiology and Research Units, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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Mateos-Martín ML, Fuguet E, Quero C, Pérez-Jiménez J, Torres JL. New identification of proanthocyanidins in cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.) using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1327-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ulbricht C, Seamon E, Windsor RC, Armbruester N, Bryan JK, Costa D, Giese N, Gruenwald J, Iovin R, Isaac R, Grimes Serrano JM, Tanguay-Colucci S, Weissner W, Yoon H, Zhang J. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Cinnamon (Cinnamomumspp.) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 2011; 8:378-454. [DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2011.627783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Couturier K, Qin B, Batandier C, Awada M, Hininger-Favier I, Canini F, Leverve X, Roussel AM, Anderson RA. Cinnamon increases liver glycogen in an animal model of insulin resistance. Metabolism 2011; 60:1590-7. [PMID: 21550075 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cinnamon on glycogen synthesis, related gene expression, and protein levels in the muscle and liver using an animal model of insulin resistance, the high-fat/high-fructose (HF/HFr) diet-fed rat. Four groups of 22 male Wistar rats were fed for 12 weeks with (1) HF/HFr diet to induce insulin resistance, (2) HF/HFr diet containing 20 g cinnamon per kilogram of diet, (3) control diet, and (4) control diet containing 20 g cinnamon per kilogram of diet. In the liver, cinnamon added to the HF/HFr diet led to highly significant increases of liver glycogen. There were no significant changes in animals consuming the control diet plus cinnamon. In the liver, cinnamon also counteracted the decreases of the gene expressions due to the consumption of the HF/HFr diet for the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2, glucose transporters 1 and 2, and glycogen synthase 1. In muscle, the decreased expressions of these genes by the HF/HFr diet and glucose transporter 4 were also reversed by cinnamon. In addition, the overexpression of glycogen synthase 3β messenger RNA levels and protein observed in the muscle of HF/HFr fed rats was decreased in animals consuming cinnamon. These data demonstrate that, in insulin-resistant rats, cinnamon improves insulin sensitivity and enhances liver glycogen via regulating insulin signaling and glycogen synthesis. Changes due to cinnamon in control animals with normal insulin sensitivity were not significant.
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Cinnamomi ramulus Ethanol Extract Exerts Vasorelaxation through Inhibition of Ca Influx and Ca Release in Rat Aorta. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:513068. [PMID: 21785647 PMCID: PMC3137977 DOI: 10.1155/2012/513068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells depends on the induction of cytosolic calcium ion (Ca2+) due to either Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels or to receptor-mediated Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The present study investigated the vasorelaxation effect of Cinnamomi ramulus ethanol extract (CRE) and the possible mechanisms in rat aorta. CRE (0.1 mg/mL) relaxed vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine (PE; 1 μM) and angiotensin II (5 μM). Preincubation with CRE significantly reduced the rat aortic contraction by addition of CaCl2 in Ca2+-free Krebs solution and FPL64176 (10 μM). Pretreatment with nifedipine (100 μM) or verapamil (1 μM) significantly reduced the CRE-mediated vasorelaxation of PE-induced vascular contraction. In addition, CRE also relaxed the vascular contraction caused by m-3M3FBS (5 μg/mL), but U73122 (10 μM) significantly inhibited the vasorelaxation of PE precontracted aortic rings. Furthermore, CRE significantly reduced the magnitude of PE- and caffeine (30 mM)-induced transient contraction. In vascular strips, CRE downregulated the expression levels of phosphorylated PLC and phosphoinositide 3-kinase elevated by PE or m-3M3FBS. These results suggest that CRE relaxes vascular smooth muscle through the inhibition of both Ca2+ influx via L-type Ca2+ channel and inositol triphosphate-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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Terauchi M, Akiyoshi M, Owa Y, Kato K, Obayashi S, Kubota T. Effects of the Kampo medication keishibukuryogan on blood pressure in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2011; 114:149-52. [PMID: 21669429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of keishibukuryogan (TJ-25)-a medicine of the Kampo tradition (the Japanese adaptation of Chinese herbal medicine)-on middle-aged women with high blood pressure. METHODS The records of 77 peri- and postmenopausal women with high-normal blood pressure or hypertension were analyzed retrospectively. The women had participated in the Systematic Health and Nutrition Education Program at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University in Tokyo, Japan, and had received education only (controls; n = 47) or education and treatment with TJ-25 (n = 30). RESULTS The baseline characteristics of the 2 groups were comparable. After approximately 6 months, women in the TJ-25 group showed significant reductions in their systolic blood pressure (from 148.4mm Hg to 134.8mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (from 89.7 mm Hg to 83.7 mm Hg), pulse rate (from 79.5 beats/min to 73.5 beats/min), and resting energy expenditure (from 1552 kcal/day to 1373 kcal/day). Several menopausal symptoms including perspiration, difficulty in initiating sleep, nonrestorative sleep, and headaches/dizziness were also improved. In addition, women in the TJ-25 group had increased health-related quality of life scores in the domains of physical health and life satisfaction. CONCLUSION TJ-25 alleviates menopausal symptoms and concurrently lowers the blood pressure of middle-aged women with high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Terauchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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38
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Cefalu W, Stephens J, Ribnicky D. Diabetes and Herbal (Botanical) Medicine. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DISEASE 2011. [DOI: 10.1201/b10787-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Cinnamon has been used as a spice and as traditional herbal medicine for centuries. The available in vitro and animal in vivo evidence suggests that cinnamon has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, cardiovascular, cholesterol-lowering, and immunomodulatory effects. In vitro studies have demonstrated that cinnamon may act as an insulin mimetic, to potentiate insulin activity or to stimulate cellular glucose metabolism. Furthermore, animal studies have demonstrated strong hypoglycemic properties. However, there are only very few well-controlled clinical studies, a fact that limits the conclusions that can be made about the potential health benefits of cinnamon for free-living humans. The use of cinnamon as an adjunct to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most promising area, but further research is needed before definitive recommendations can be made.
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Terauchi M, Hiramitsu S, Akiyoshi M, Owa Y, Kato K, Obayashi S, Matsushima E, Kubota T. Effects of three Kampo formulae: Tokishakuyakusan (TJ-23), Kamishoyosan (TJ-24), and Keishibukuryogan (TJ-25) on Japanese peri- and postmenopausal women with sleep disturbances. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2010; 284:913-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-010-1779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cao H, Graves DJ, Anderson RA. Cinnamon extract regulates glucose transporter and insulin-signaling gene expression in mouse adipocytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:1027-1032. [PMID: 20554184 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamon extracts (CE) are reported to have beneficial effects on people with normal and impaired glucose tolerance, the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance. However, clinical results are controversial. Molecular characterization of CE effects is limited. This study investigated the effects of CE on gene expression in cultured mouse adipocytes. Water-soluble CE was prepared from ground cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to investigate CE effects on the expression of genes coding for adipokines, glucose transporter (GLUT) family, and insulin-signaling components in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CE (100 μg/ml) increased GLUT1 mRNA levels 1.91±0.15, 4.39±0.78, and 6.98±2.18-fold of the control after 2-, 4-, and 16-h treatments, respectively. CE decreased the expression of further genes encoding insulin-signaling pathway proteins including GSK3B, IGF1R, IGF2R, and PIK3R1. This study indicates that CE regulates the expression of multiple genes in adipocytes and this regulation could contribute to the potential health benefits of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Cao
- Commodity Utilization Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA.
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Akilen R, Tsiami A, Devendra D, Robinson N. Glycated haemoglobin and blood pressure-lowering effect of cinnamon in multi-ethnic Type 2 diabetic patients in the UK: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Diabet Med 2010; 27:1159-67. [PMID: 20854384 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the blood glucose lowering effect of cinnamon on HbA1c, blood pressure and lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS 58 type 2 diabetic patients (25 males and 33 females), aged 54.9 ± 9.8, treated only with hypoglycemic agents and with an HbA1c more than 7% were randomly assigned to receive either 2g of cinnamon or placebo daily for 12 weeks. RESULTS After intervention, the mean HbA1c was significantly decreased (P<0.005) in the cinnamon group (8.22% to 7.86%) compared with placebo group (8.55% to 8.68%). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) were also significantly reduced (P<0.001) after 12 weeks in the cinnamon group (SBP: 132.6 to 129.2 mmHg and DBP: 85.2 to 80.2 mmHg) compared with the placebo group (SBP: 134.5 to 134.9 mmHg and DBP: 86.8 to 86.1 mmHg). A significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) was observed at week 12 compared to baseline in the cinnamon group, however, the changes were not significant when compared to placebo group. There were no significant differences in serum lipid profiles of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterols neither between nor within the groups. CONCLUSIONS Intake of 2g of cinnamon for 12 weeks significantly reduces the HbA1c, SBP and DBP among poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients. Cinnamon supplementation could be considered as an additional dietary supplement option to regulate blood glucose and blood pressure levels along with conventional medications to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Akilen
- Faculty of Health and Human Science, Thames Valley University, London, UK.
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Lee MJ, Rao YK, Chen K, Lee YC, Tzeng YM. Effect of flavonol glycosides from Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaves on adiponectin secretion and phosphorylation of insulin receptor-beta in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 126:79-85. [PMID: 19682565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cinnamomum osmophloeum is used for various ethnomedical conditions in Taiwan including diabetic complications. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of present study was to identify the anti-diabetic compounds from C. osmophloeum leaves and evaluate the preliminary molecular basis for their insulin-like effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Silica gel column chromatographic purification of MeOH extract from leaves of C. osmophloeum resulted in the isolation of a two kaempferol glycosides CO-1 and CO-2. These two compounds were evaluated for their effects on adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR)-beta and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in differentiated mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the results were compared with the reference drug insulin. RESULTS The compound CO-1 at a concentration of 5 microM was able to act as an insulin-mimetic in terms of its ability to increase adiponectin secretion by 12.2-fold, while CO-2 has no such effect up to 20 microM tested. Furthermore, 5 microM of CO-1 and 20 microM of CO-2 showed potential to increase the phosphorylation of IRbeta by 2.3- and 2.1-fold, respectively, in addition to their positive effect on GLUT4 translocation. CO-1 and CO-2 stimulated GLUT4 translocation are reduced by phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that the insulin-like anti-diabetic mechanism of constituents from C. osmophloeum leaves in part due to enhanced adiponectin secretion, and activation of insulin signaling pathway leading to GLUT4 translocation which involved phosphorylation of IR and activation of PI3-K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jen Lee
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taiwan, ROC
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Panickar KS, Polansky MM, Anderson RA. Cinnamon polyphenols attenuate cell swelling and mitochondrial dysfunction following oxygen-glucose deprivation in glial cells. Exp Neurol 2009; 216:420-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Khan A, Zaman G, Anderson RA. Bay leaves improve glucose and lipid profile of people with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2008; 44:52-6. [PMID: 19177188 PMCID: PMC2613499 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.08-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bay leaves (Laurus nobilis) have been shown to improve insulin function in vitro but the effects on people have not been determined. The objective of this study was to determine if bay leaves may be important in the prevention and/or alleviation of type 2 diabetes. Forty people with type 2 diabetes were divided into 4 groups and given capsules containing 1, 2 or 3 g of ground bay leaves per day for 30 days or a placebo followed by a 10 day washout period. All three levels of bay leaves reduced serum glucose with significant decreases ranging from 21 to 26% after 30 d. Total cholesterol decreased, 20 to 24%, after 30 days with larger decreases in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of 32 to 40%. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased 29 and 20% in the groups receiving 1 and 2 g of bay leaves, respectively. Triglycerides also decreased 34 and 25% in groups consuming 1 and 2 g of bay leaves, respectively, after 30 d. There were no significant changes in the placebo group. In summary, this study demonstrates that consumption of bay leaves, 1 to 3 g/d for 30 days, decreases risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and suggests that bay leaves may be beneficial for people with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Dearlove RP, Greenspan P, Hartle DK, Swanson RB, Hargrove JL. Inhibition of protein glycation by extracts of culinary herbs and spices. J Med Food 2008; 11:275-81. [PMID: 18598169 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested whether polyphenolic substances in extracts of commercial culinary herbs and spices would inhibit fructose-mediated protein glycation. Extracts of 24 herbs and spices from a local supermarket were tested for the ability to inhibit glycation of albumin. Dry samples were ground and extracted with 10 volumes of 50% ethanol, and total phenolic content and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) were measured. Aliquots were incubated in triplicate at pH 7.4 with 0.25 M fructose and 10 mg/mL fatty acid-free bovine albumin. Fluorescence at 370 nm/440 nm was used as an index of albumin glycation. In general, spice extracts inhibited glycation more than herb extracts, but inhibition was correlated with total phenolic content (R(2) = 0.89). The most potent inhibitors included extracts of cloves, ground Jamaican allspice, and cinnamon. Potent herbs tested included sage, marjoram, tarragon, and rosemary. Total phenolics were highly correlated with FRAP values (R(2) = 0.93). The concentration of phenolics that inhibited glycation by 50% was typically 4-12 microg/mL. Relative to total phenolic concentration, extracts of powdered ginger and bay leaf were less effective than expected, and black pepper was more effective. Prevention of protein glycation is an example of the antidiabetic potential for bioactive compounds in culinary herbs and spices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca P Dearlove
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Cao H, Urban JF, Anderson RA. Cinnamon polyphenol extract affects immune responses by regulating anti- and proinflammatory and glucose transporter gene expression in mouse macrophages. J Nutr 2008; 138:833-40. [PMID: 18424588 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.5.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP/zinc finger protein 36) family proteins have antiinflammatory effects by destabilizing proinflammatory mRNA. TTP expression is reduced in fats of obese people with metabolic syndrome and brains of suicide victims and is induced by insulin and cinnamon polyphenol extract (CPE) in adipocytes, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages, and by green tea polyphenol extract in rats. CPE was reported to improve immune function against microorganisms, but the mechanism is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that CPE regulates immune function involving genes encoding TTP, proinflammatory cytokines, and glucose transporter (GLUT) families and compared the effects of CPE to those of insulin and LPS in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. CPE increased TTP mRNA and protein levels, but its effects were less than LPS. CPE (100 mg/L, 0.5-4 h) increased TTP and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA levels by up to 2- and 6-fold that of the control, respectively, and the base level of TTP was 6-fold that of TNF. LPS (0.1 mg/L, 4 h) increased TTP, TNF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, cyclooxgenase-2, and interleukin 6 mRNA levels by 39-1868 fold. CPE and LPS increased GLUT1 expression (the major GLUT form in macrophages) to 3- and 2-fold that of the control, respectively. Insulin (100 nmol/L, 0.5-4 h) did not exhibit major effects on the expression of these genes. CPE increased TTP expression more rapidly than those of proinflammatory cytokines and the net increases of TTP mRNA levels were larger than those of proinflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that CPE can affect immune responses by regulating anti- and proinflammatory and GLUT gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Cao
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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Abstract
AIMS Various spices display insulin-potentiating activity in vitro, and in particular, cinnamon spice and its phenolic extracts have been shown to exhibit these capabilities. In vivo study shows that cinnamon may have beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis; therefore the aim of this study was to further investigate this phenomenon in humans. METHODS Seven lean healthy male volunteers, aged 26 +/- 1 years, body mass index 24.5 +/- 0.3 kg/m(2) (mean +/- s.e.m.), underwent three oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) supplemented with either a 5 g placebo (OGTT(control)), 5 g of cinnamon (OGTT(cin)), or 5 g of cinnamon taken 12 h before (OGTT(cin12hpre)) in a randomized-crossover design. RESULTS Cinnamon ingestion reduced total plasma glucose responses (AUC) to oral glucose ingestion [-13% and -10% for OGTT(cin) (p < 0.05) and OGTT(cin12hpre) (p < 0.05), respectively], as well as improving insulin sensitivity as assessed by insulin sensitivity index measures based on Matsuda's model in both OGTT(cin) (p < 0.05) and OGTT(cin12hpre) (p < 0.05) trials compared with OGTT(control). CONCLUSIONS These data illustrate that cinnamon spice supplementation may be important to in vivo glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in humans, and not only are its effects immediate, they also appear to be sustained for 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P J Solomon
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Cao H, Polansky MM, Anderson RA. Cinnamon extract and polyphenols affect the expression of tristetraprolin, insulin receptor, and glucose transporter 4 in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 459:214-22. [PMID: 17316549 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamon improves glucose and lipid profiles of people with type 2 diabetes. Water-soluble cinnamon extract (CE) and HPLC-purified cinnamon polyphenols (CP) with doubly linked procyanidin type-A polymers display insulin-like activity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cinnamon on the protein and mRNA levels of insulin receptor (IR), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and tristetraprolin (TTP/ZFP36) in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Immunoblotting showed that CP increased IRbeta levels and that both CE and CP increased GLUT4 and TTP levels in the adipocytes. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that CE (100mug/ml) rapidly increased TTP mRNA levels by approximately 6-fold in the adipocytes. CE at higher concentrations decreased IRbeta protein and IR mRNA levels, and its effect on GLUT4 mRNA levels exhibited a biphasic pattern in the adipocytes. These results suggest that cinnamon exhibits the potential to increase the amount of proteins involved in insulin signaling, glucose transport, and anti-inflammatory/anti-angiogenesis response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Cao
- Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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