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Tavan M, Hanachi P, de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Segura Carretero A, Mirjalili MH. Natural Phenolic Compounds with Neuroprotective Effects. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:306-326. [PMID: 37940760 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequently oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis that contribute to neuronal cytotoxicity and degeneration. Huntington's (HD), Alzheimer's (AD), and Parkinson's (PD) diseases are three of the major neurodegenerative diseases. To date, researchers have found various natural phytochemicals that could potentially be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Particularly, the application of natural phenolic compounds has gained significant traction in recent years, driven by their various biological activities and therapeutic efficacy in human health. Polyphenols, by modulating different cellular functions, play an important role in neuroprotection and can neutralize the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in animal models. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge on phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and coumarins, as well as their beneficial effects on human health. We further provide an overview of the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of natural dietary phenolics in curing neurodegenerative diseases in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Tavan
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parichehr Hanachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
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2
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Varshney H, Siddique YH. Effect of Flavonoids against Parkinson's Disease. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:145-165. [PMID: 38305395 DOI: 10.2174/0118715249264078231214074107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by the depletion of striatal dopamine content and aggregation of alphasynuclein in the substantia nigra (SN). It is possible to treat the symptoms of PD with a variety of medications, but they often result in complications and are not able to cure or stop the progression of the disease. Flavonoids (the phytocomponents present in almost all fruits and vegetables) are the class of secondary metabolites that have generated a peak of interest because of their medicinal properties, including a reduction in the risk of PD. Several flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, hesperitin, anthocyanin and many more have been reported for their anti- Parkinson's effect. This review deals with the neuroprotective benefits of different classes of flavonoids against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Varshney
- Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Alternative Animal Models, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh- 202002, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Alternative Animal Models, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh- 202002, India
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Perdigão JM, Teixeira BJB, Baia-da-Silva DC, Nascimento PC, Lima RR, Rogez H. Analysis of phenolic compounds in Parkinson's disease: a bibliometric assessment of the 100 most cited papers. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1149143. [PMID: 37205057 PMCID: PMC10185771 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1149143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the 100 most cited articles on Parkinson's disease (PD) and phenolic compounds (PCs). Methods Articles were selected in the Web of Science Core Collection up to June 2022 based on predetermined inclusion criteria, and the following bibliometric parameters were extracted: the number of citations, title, keywords, authors, year, study design, tested PC and therapeutic target. MapChart was used to create worldwide networks, and VOSviewer software was used to create bibliometric networks. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to identify the most researched PCs and therapeutic targets in PD. Results The most cited article was also the oldest. The most recent article was published in 2020. Asia and China were the continent and the country with the most articles in the list (55 and 29%, respectively). In vitro studies were the most common experimental designs among the 100 most cited articles (46%). The most evaluated PC was epigallocatechin. Oxidative stress was the most studied therapeutic target. Conclusion Despite the demonstrations in laboratorial studies, the results obtained point to the need for clinical studies to better elucidate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Messias Perdigão
- Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Daiane Claydes Baia-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Herve Rogez
- Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Herve Rogez,
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de Rus Jacquet A, Ambaw A, Tambe MA, Ma SY, Timmers M, Grace MH, Wu QL, Simon JE, McCabe GP, Lila MA, Shi R, Rochet JC. Neuroprotective mechanisms of red clover and soy isoflavones in Parkinson's disease models. Food Funct 2021; 12:11987-12007. [PMID: 34751296 PMCID: PMC10822195 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by nigrostriatal degeneration and the spreading of aggregated forms of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein (aSyn) throughout the brain. PD patients are currently only treated with symptomatic therapies, and strategies to slow or stop the progressive neurodegeneration underlying the disease's motor and cognitive symptoms are greatly needed. The time between the first neurobiochemical alterations and the initial presentation of symptoms is thought to span several years, and early neuroprotective dietary interventions could delay the disease onset or slow PD progression. In this study, we characterized the neuroprotective effects of isoflavones, a class of dietary polyphenols found in soy products and in the medicinal plant red clover (Trifolium pratense). We found that isoflavone-rich extracts and individual isoflavones rescued the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the shortening of neurites in primary mesencephalic cultures exposed to two PD-related insults, the environmental toxin rotenone and an adenovirus encoding the A53T aSyn mutant. The extracts and individual isoflavones also activated the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response in astrocytes via a mechanism involving inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and they alleviated deficits in mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, an isoflavone-enriched soy extract reduced motor dysfunction exhibited by rats lesioned with the PD-related neurotoxin 6-OHDA. These findings suggest that plant-derived isoflavones could serve as dietary supplements to delay PD onset in at-risk individuals and mitigate neurodegeneration in the brains of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie de Rus Jacquet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Abeje Ambaw
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mitali Arun Tambe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Sin Ying Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Michael Timmers
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Mary H Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Qing-Li Wu
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - James E Simon
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Behl T, Kaur G, Sehgal A, Singh S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Zengin G, Bungau SG, Munteanu MA, Brisc MC, Andronie-Cioara FL, Brisc C. Elucidating the Multi-Targeted Role of Nutraceuticals: A Complementary Therapy to Starve Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4045. [PMID: 33919895 PMCID: PMC8070907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying multifactorial diseases are always complex and challenging. Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are common around the globe, posing a critical healthcare issue and financial burden to the country. However, integrative evidence implies some common shared mechanisms and pathways in NDs, which include mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, intracellular calcium overload, protein aggregates, oxidative stress (OS), and neuronal destruction in specific regions of the brain, owing to multifaceted pathologies. The co-existence of these multiple pathways often limits the advantages of available therapies. The nutraceutical-based approach has opened the doors to target these common multifaceted pathways in a slow and more physiological manner to starve the NDs. Peer-reviewed articles were searched via MEDLINE and PubMed published to date for in-depth research and database collection. Considered to be complementary therapy with current clinical management and common drug therapy, the intake of nutraceuticals is considered safe to target multiple mechanisms of action in NDs. The current review summarizes the popular nutraceuticals showing different effects (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuro-protectant, mitochondrial homeostasis, neurogenesis promotion, and autophagy regulation) on vital molecular mechanisms involved in NDs, which can be considered as complementary therapy to first-line treatment. Moreover, owing to its natural source, lower toxicity, therapeutic interventions, biocompatibility, potential nutritional effects, and presence of various anti-oxidative and neuroprotective constituents, the nutraceuticals serve as an attractive option to tackle NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh 160009, India; (T.B.); (G.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh 160009, India; (T.B.); (G.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh 160009, India; (T.B.); (G.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh 160009, India; (T.B.); (G.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Mihai Alexandru Munteanu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.C.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Mihaela Cristina Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.C.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.C.B.); (C.B.)
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Cui X, Lin Q, Liang Y. Plant-Derived Antioxidants Protect the Nervous System From Aging by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:209. [PMID: 32760268 PMCID: PMC7372124 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a major disease contributing to human death and is thought to be closely related to the aging process. The rich antioxidant substances in plants have been shown to play a role in delaying aging, and in recent years, significant research has focused on also examining their potential role in AD onset and progression. Many plant-derived antioxidant research studies have provided insights for the future treatment and prevention of AD. This article reviews various types of plant-derived antioxidants with anti-aging effects on neurons. Also it distinguishes the different types of active substances that exhibit different degrees of protection for the nervous system and summarizes the mechanism thereof. Plant-derived antioxidants with neuroprotective functions can protect various components of the nervous system in a variety of ways and can have a positive impact on interventions to prevent and alleviate AD. Furthermore, when considering neuroprotective agents, glial cells also contribute to the defense of the nervous system and should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Cui
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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Kim TY, Leem E, Lee JM, Kim SR. Control of Reactive Oxygen Species for the Prevention of Parkinson's Disease: The Possible Application of Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070583. [PMID: 32635299 PMCID: PMC7402123 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems, and it can be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, and Parkinson's disease (PD). The application of antioxidants, which can defend against oxidative stress, is able to detoxify the reactive intermediates and prevent neurodegeneration resulting from excessive ROS production. There are many reports showing that numerous flavonoids, a large group of natural phenolic compounds, can act as antioxidants and the application of flavonoids has beneficial effects in the adult brain. For instance, it is well known that the long-term consumption of the green tea-derived flavonoids catechin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can attenuate the onset of PD. Also, flavonoids such as ampelopsin and pinocembrin can inhibit mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death through the regulation of gene expression of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Additionally, it is well established that many flavonoids exhibit anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects through cellular signaling pathways, such as those involving (ERK), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and (Akt), resulting in neuroprotection. In this review article, we have described the oxidative stress involved in PD and explained the therapeutic potential of flavonoids to protect the nigrostriatal DA system, which may be useful to prevent PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yeon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (T.Y.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Eunju Leem
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (T.Y.K.); (E.L.)
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (T.Y.K.); (E.L.)
- Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7362
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Pakrashi S, Chakraborty J, Bandyopadhyay J. Neuroprotective Role of Quercetin on Rotenone-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cell Line Through Modulation of Apoptotic and Autophagic Pathways. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1962-1973. [PMID: 32488468 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The detrimental impact on the food chain due to the overuse of rotenone is partly responsible for alpha-synuclein (α-syn) mediated neurotoxicity. It is hypothesized that rotenone overdose leads to cytosolic proteopathy resulting in modulation of apoptosis and autophagic pathways. The aim of our study is to explore the neuroprotective role of quercetin, a beneficial polyphenol against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic human SH-SY5Y cell lines. In our study we demonstrated the correlation of rotenone-induced neurotoxicity through elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Moreover, the morphological distortion of cell, condensation of nuclei, externalization of the inner phosphatidylserine, cleavage of caspase 3, and Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) confirmed apoptosis. However, all these lethal effects were ameliorated by treatment of quercetin to the cells. On the other hand rotenone has a strong effect on autophagy which is a regulated degrading and recycling cellular process to remove dysfunctional proteins. Indeed, rotenone-mediated autophagy resulted in the enhancement of autophagosome-bound microtubule-associated protein light chain-3 (LC3-II) expression. Furthermore, excess accumulation of acidic vesicles was detected in presence of rotenone. Lysosome associated membrane protein (LAMP-2A) is yet another crucial protein that recruits overexpressed or misfolded proteins into the lumen of lysosome to trigger autophagy. In all cases the impact of rotenone on the cells acquired significant protection through quercetin treatment. In the present work we therefore opine the prospects of quercetin as a therapeutic candidate against neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Pakrashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Haringhata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Joyeeta Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Haringhata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jaya Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Haringhata, West Bengal, India.
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Ara G, Afzal M, Jyoti S, Naz F, Rahul, Siddique YH. Effect of Myricetin on the Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons in the Transgenic Drosophila Model of Parkinson’s Disease. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885513666180529114546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: The formation of Lewy bodies is associated with the production
of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the neuronal damage specifically the dopaminergic
neurons in the Parkinson’s disease patients. Hence any agent that could curtail the production
of ROS /oxidative stress could act as a possible therapeutic agent thereby preventing
the neuronal damage.
</P><P>
Method: In the present study, we first evaluated the antioxidant potential of myricetin by
performing superoxide anion scavenging and diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical
scavenging assays. Myricetin at a final concentration of 10, 20 and 40µM was mixed
in diet and the PD flies were allowed to feed on it for 24 days. After 24 days of exposure,
the dopamine content was estimated in brain and the immunohistochemistry was performed
for the tyroxine hydroxylase activity on the brain sections from each group.
</P><P>
Results: Myricetin showed a dose-dependent increase in the antioxidative activity. The
exposure of PD flies to 10, 20 and 40µM of Myricetin not only showed a dose-dependent
significant increase in the dopamine content compared to unexposed PD flies (p<0.05),
but also prevented the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain of PD flies.
</P><P>
Conclusion: The results suggest that the antioxidative potential of myricetin is responsible
for preventing the loss of dopaminergic neurons and dopamine content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Ara
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Smita Jyoti
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Falaq Naz
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rahul
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Improved solubility and increased biological activity of NeoSol™RCL40, a novel Red Clover Isoflavone Aglycones extract preparation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:91-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Bhattacharjee M, Perumal E. Potential plant-derived catecholaminergic activity enhancers for neuropharmacological approaches: A review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:148-164. [PMID: 30668425 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catecholamines (CAs) have been reported to be involved in numerous functions including central nervous system. CA release from the intra neuronal storage vesicles aid in the therapy of various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders where the catecholaminergic neurotransmission is compromised. Bioavailability of CA at the synapse can be increased through stimulated neurotransmitter release, monoamine oxidase and CA reuptake inhibition. Plant based galenicals are reported to have similar CA enhancement activities and have been used for the management of neurological disorders. AIM To review evidence-based literature with plant extracts, bioactive compounds, and composite extracts that modulate central catecholaminergic system, thereby enhancing CA activity for beneficial neurological effect. METHODS Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were used to search scientific contributions until January 2018, using relevant keywords. Literature focusing plant-derived CA enhancing compounds, extracts and/or composite extracts were identified and summarized. In all cases, dose, route of administration, the model system and type of extract were accounted. RESULTS A total of 49 plant extracts, 31 compounds and 16 herbal formulations have shown CA activity enhancement. Stimulated CA release from the storage vesicles, monoamine oxidase and CA reuptake inhibition were the major mechanisms involved in the increase of CA bioavailability by these phytoconstituents. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview on the phytoconstituents with CA enhancement property that have been used for neuropsychiatric disorders. Such herbal remedies will provide an avenue for cost effective and easily available medication which have holistic approach towards disease management. There is also scope for alternate medicines or prototype drug development utilizing these phytomedicines for treating neurodegenerative diseases. However, hurdles are to be met for analyzing the mode and mechanism of action associated with these phytomedicines and their proper scientific documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monojit Bhattacharjee
- Defence Research and Development Organisation - Bharathiar University Center for Life Sciences (DRDO-BU CLS), Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Defence Research and Development Organisation - Bharathiar University Center for Life Sciences (DRDO-BU CLS), Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India; Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India.
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12
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Siddique YH, Naz F, Jyoti S, Ali F, Rahul. Effect of Genistein on the Transgenic Drosophila Model of Parkinson's Disease. J Diet Suppl 2018; 16:550-563. [PMID: 29969325 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1472706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Oxidative stress has also been linked with the progression of PD, hence the involvement of a natural plant product could offer neuroprotection. The present study deals with the effect of genistein on the transgenic flies expressing normal human alpha synuclein panneurally. The PD flies were exposed to 10, 20, 30, and 40 µM of genistein (mixed in diet) for 24 days. A significant dose-dependent increase in the life span and delay in the loss of climbing ability were observed in the PD flies exposed to genistein (p < .05). A significant dose-dependent decrease in oxidative stress markers and increase in dopamine content were observed in PD flies exposed to genistein. However, the exposure of genistein did not inhibit the expression of α-synuclein in the brains of PD flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Falaq Naz
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Smita Jyoti
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Fahad Ali
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Rahul
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Kujawska M, Jodynis-Liebert J. Polyphenols in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050642. [PMID: 29783725 PMCID: PMC5986521 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. However, therapeutic options treating only its symptoms are very disappointing. Therefore there is an ongoing search for compounds capable of tackling the multi-dimensional features of PD. Recently natural polyphenols have gained great interest as potential therapeutic agents. Herein, we have attempted to summarize results obtained in different animal models demonstrating their neuroprotective effects. The in vivo findings presented below are supported by human subject data and reports regarding the ability of polyphenols to cross the blood-brain barrier. The beneficial effects of polyphenols are demonstrated by the results of behavioral examinations, mainly related to motor and cognitive capabilities, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination concerning the protection of dopaminergic neurons, analyses of dopamine and the concentration of its metabolites, as well as mechanistic studies regarding the modulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, cellular iron management, proteinopathy, and additionally the regulation of signaling pathways. Importantly, data about brain distribution of the metabolic derivatives of the reviewed polyphenols are crucial for the justification of their nutritional intake in neuroprotective intervention, as well as for the identification of potential targets for a novel therapeutic approach to Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Jodynis-Liebert
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str., 60-631 Poznań, Poland.
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Zhang J, Tan LCS. Revisiting the Medical Management of Parkinson's Disease: Levodopa versus Dopamine Agonist. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:356-63. [PMID: 26644151 PMCID: PMC4876591 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666151208114634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal treatment strategy for Parkinson's disease has been debated for decades. The introduction of levodopa (LD) treatment is frequently delayed because of theoretical concerns about its toxicity or the risk of drug-induced motor complications. These concerns have resulted in "LD phobia" with clinicians selecting dopamine agonist (DA) over LD as initial therapy. More recently, a shift in the treatment approach towards initial LD use appears to be occurring. It is therefore necessary to review current evidence for the use of LD and DA. This review discusses the medical management of Parkinson's disease with regards to the use of LD versus DA. Pendulum swings in treatment strategies between LD-first and DA-first therapies should be avoided. A balanced perspective is needed as there is a place for both drugs in the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis Chew-Seng Tan
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Republic of Singapore, USA National Parkinson Foundation International Center of Excellence, Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433.
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Okuyama S, Semba T, Toyoda N, Epifano F, Genovese S, Fiorito S, Taddeo VA, Sawamoto A, Nakajima M, Furukawa Y. Auraptene and Other Prenyloxyphenylpropanoids Suppress Microglial Activation and Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell Death in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101716. [PMID: 27763495 PMCID: PMC5085747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), hyperactivated inflammation in the brain, particularly microglial hyperactivation in the substantia nigra (SN), is reported to be one of the triggers for the delayed loss of dopaminergic neurons and sequential motor functional impairments. We previously reported that (1) auraptene (AUR), a natural prenyloxycoumain, suppressed inflammatory responses including the hyperactivation of microglia in the ischemic brain and inflamed brain, thereby inhibiting neuronal cell death; (2) 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin (7-IP), another natural prenyloxycoumain, exerted anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects against excitotoxicity; and (3) 4′-geranyloxyferulic acid (GOFA), a natural prenyloxycinnamic acid, also exerted anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, using an intranigral lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PD-like mouse model, we investigated whether AUR, 7-IP, and GOFA suppress microglial activation and protect against dopaminergic neuronal cell death in the SN. We successfully showed that these prenyloxyphenylpropanoids exhibited these prospective abilities, suggesting the potential of these compounds as neuroprotective agents for patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okuyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Semba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
| | - Nobuki Toyoda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo 66100, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Genovese
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo 66100, Italy.
| | - Serena Fiorito
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo 66100, Italy.
| | - Vito Alessandro Taddeo
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo 66100, Italy.
| | - Atsushi Sawamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
| | - Mitsunari Nakajima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Furukawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
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Kaakoush NO, Martire SI, Raipuria M, Mitchell HM, Nielsen S, Westbrook RF, Morris MJ. Alternating or continuous exposure to cafeteria diet leads to similar shifts in gut microbiota compared to chow diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 26767716 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Overconsumption of energy-rich food is a major contributor to the obesity epidemic. The eating habits of many people are characterized by the cycling between overconsumption of energy-rich foods and dieting, the effects of which on the microbiota are currently unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the fecal microbiota of rats either continuously fed chow or palatable cafeteria diet to a "cycled" group switched between the two diets (chow for 4, cafeteria for 3 days/wk, n = 12/group) over 16 wk. Enriched bacterial metabolic pathways were predicted, and a range of metabolic parameters was correlated to microbial taxa and pathways. Cycled rats showed large excursions in food intake on each diet switch. When switched from chow to cafeteria, they overconsumed, and when switched back to chow they underconsumed relative to those maintained on the two diets. Metabolic parameters of cycled rats were intermediate between those of the other diet groups (p < 0.05). The microbiota of cycled rats was nearly indistinguishable from rats under constant cafeteria diet, and both groups were significantly different to the chow group. Correlation analyses identified microbial metabolic pathways associated with an obese phenotype. CONCLUSION These data suggest that continuous or intermittent exposure to palatable foods have similar effects on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Mukesh Raipuria
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, NSW, Australia
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun Nielsen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Margaret J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, NSW, Australia
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Sengupta T, Vinayagam J, Singh R, Jaisankar P, Mohanakumar KP. Plant-Derived Natural Products for Parkinson's Disease Therapy. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 12:415-96. [PMID: 27651267 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived natural products have made their own niche in the treatment of neurological diseases since time immemorial. Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, has no cure and the treatment available currently is symptomatic. This chapter thoughtfully and objectively assesses the scientific basis that supports the increasing use of these plant-derived natural products for the treatment of this chronic and progressive disorder. Proper considerations are made on the chemical nature, sources, preclinical tests and their validity, and mechanisms of behavioural or biochemical recovery observed following treatment with various plants derived natural products relevant to PD therapy. The scientific basis underlying the neuroprotective effect of 6 Ayurvedic herbs/formulations, 12 Chinese medicinal herbs/formulations, 33 other plants, and 5 plant-derived molecules have been judiciously examined emphasizing behavioral, cellular, or biochemical aspects of neuroprotection observed in the cellular or animal models of the disease. The molecular mechanisms triggered by these natural products to promote cell survivability and to reduce the risk of cellular degeneration have also been brought to light in this study. The study helped to reveal certain limitations in the scenario: lack of preclinical studies in all cases barring two; heavy dependence on in vitro test systems; singular animal or cellular model to establish any therapeutic potential of drugs. This strongly warrants further studies so as to reproduce and confirm these reported effects. However, the current literature offers scientific credence to traditionally used plant-derived natural products for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sengupta
- Division of Cell Biology & Physiology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR, Govt of India), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - J Vinayagam
- Division of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR, Govt of India), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - R Singh
- Division of Cell Biology & Physiology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR, Govt of India), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - P Jaisankar
- Division of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR, Govt of India), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - K P Mohanakumar
- Division of Cell Biology & Physiology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR, Govt of India), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India. .,Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Specialty Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board PO, Kottayam, 686009, Kerala, India.
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18
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Virel A, Rehnmark A, Orädd G, Olmedo-Díaz S, Faergemann E, Strömberg I. Magnetic resonance imaging as a tool to image neuroinflammation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease--phagocyte influx to the brain is promoted by bilberry-enriched diet. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2761-71. [PMID: 26273789 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a chronic event in neurodegenerative disorders. In the rat model of Parkinson's disease, including a striatal injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), antioxidant treatment affects the inflammatory process. Despite a heavy accumulation of microglia early after the injury, dopamine nerve fibre regeneration occurs. It remains unclear why this heavy accumulation of microglia is found early after the lesion in antioxidant-treated animals, or even more, what is the origin of these microglia. In this study magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to elucidate whether the inflammatory response was generated from the blood or from activated brain microglia. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles were injected intravenously prior to a striatal 6-OHDA injection to tag phagocytes in the blood. Rats were fed either with bilberry-enriched or control diet. T2*-weighted MRI scans were performed 1 week after the lesion, and hypointense areas were calculated from T2*-weighted images, to monitor the presence of SPIO particles. The results revealed that feeding the animals with bilberries significantly promoted accumulation of blood-derived immune cells. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI demonstrated no difference in leakage of the blood-brain barrier independent of diets. To conclude, bilberry-enriched diet promotes an influx of periphery-derived immune cells to the brain early after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Virel
- Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Rehnmark
- Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Greger Orädd
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sonia Olmedo-Díaz
- Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Faergemann
- Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Strömberg
- Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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Lerman JS, Haslem J, Kim L, Ponderelli J, Ma M, Felson R, Sanderson K, Murphy K, Hopkins K, Wright E, Frankel F, Edelstein S. Collected Research on Phytonutrients: Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2015.1015666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Ibero-Baraibar I, Perez-Cornago A, Ramirez MJ, Martínez JA, Zulet MA. An Increase in Plasma Homovanillic Acid with Cocoa Extract Consumption Is Associated with the Alleviation of Depressive Symptoms in Overweight or Obese Adults on an Energy Restricted Diet in a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2015; 146:897S-904S. [PMID: 26962189 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.222828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been associated with various health disorders, including psychological alterations. Cocoa consumption and weight management may produce a beneficial effect on these problems. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cocoa extract supplementation as part of an energy-restricted diet on psychological status and peripheral dopaminergic activity in overweight or obese middle-aged subjects. METHODS In a 4-wk, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel nutritional intervention, 22 men and 25 women [mean ± SD age: 57 ± 5 y; body mass index (kg/m2): 30.6 ± 2.3] were studied. After a 1-wk run-in period, volunteers consumed 15% energy-restricted diets; one-half of the volunteers were randomly assigned to receive ready-to-eat meals supplemented with 1.4 g cocoa extract/d (645 mg total polyphenols/d), whereas the rest of the volunteers received the same meals without cocoa supplementation. Plasma monoamines [dopamine, dopac, and homovanillic acid (HVA)], monoamine oxidase (MAO), and psychological status (anxiety and depressive symptoms) were analyzed in fasting participants at baseline and endpoint. Data were analyzed over time, and regression and correlation analyses were conducted to determine the relation between variables. RESULTS Depressive symptoms decreased in both groups after the intervention (control: -9.4%, P < 0.001; cocoa: -6.3%, P = 0.008), but anxiety symptoms did not. The increase in plasma HVA was 11.5% greater in the cocoa group than in the control group (P = 0.016), but plasma dopamine, dopac, and MAO changes did not differ between groups. A negative relation between changes in depressive symptoms and changes in plasma HVA was observed in the cocoa group (β = -0.39, P = 0.029). Moreover, the change in plasma dopamine was positively associated with the change in methyl-catechin-O-glucoronide in the cocoa-supplemented group (r = 0.69, P = 0.019). CONCLUSION The intake of cocoa extract by participants consuming a 15% energy-restricted diet contributed to an increase in plasma HVA concentrations. This change was associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms, suggesting a potential effect of cocoa extract intake on this relation. The present results are secondary analyses of a clinical trial that was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01596309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Ibero-Baraibar
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria J Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Angeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Rowinska-Zyrek M, Salerno M, Kozlowski H. Neurodegenerative diseases – Understanding their molecular bases and progress in the development of potential treatments. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Zare K, Eidi A, Roghani M, Rohani AH. The neuroprotective potential of sinapic acid in the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced hemi-parkinsonian rat. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:205-13. [PMID: 25123753 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder due to selective loss of dopaminergic neurons of mesencephalic substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) with debilitating motor symptoms. Current treatments for PD afford symptomatic relief with no prevention of disease progression. Due to the antioxidant and neuroprotective potential of sinapic acid, this study was conducted to evaluate whether this agent could be of benefit in an experimental model of early PD in rat. Unilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats were pretreated p.o. with sinapic acid at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg. One week after surgery, apomorphine caused significant contralateral rotations, a significant reduction in the number of Nissl-stained and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons and a significant increase of iron reactivity on the left side of SNC. Meanwhile, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels in midbrain homogenate significantly increased and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly reduced in the 6-OHDA-lesioned group. In addition, sinapic acid at a dose of 20 mg/kg significantly improved turning behavior, prevented loss of SNC dopaminergic neurons, lowered iron reactivity, and attenuated level of MDA and nitrite. These results indicate the neuroprotective potential of sinapic acid against 6-OHDA neurotoxicity that is partially due to the attenuation of oxidative stress and possibly lowering nigral iron level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Zare
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Farias CCD, Bonifácio KL, Matsumoto AK, Higachi L, Casagrande R, Moreira EG, Barbosa DS. Comparison of the antioxidant potential of antiparkinsonian drugs in different in vitro models. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Furthermore, oxidative stress plays a role in PD, causing or contributing to the neurodegenerative process. Currently PD has only symptomatic treatment and still nothing can be done to stop the degenerative process of the disease. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the antioxidant capacity of pramipexole, selegeline and amantadine in different in vitrostudies and to offer possible explanations on the molecular antioxidant mechanisms of these drugs. In vitro, the antioxidant capacity of the drugs was assessed by the ability of antiparkinsonian drugs to decrease or scavenge ROS in the neutrophil respiratory burst, ability of antiparkinsonian drugs to donate hydrogen and stabilize the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH•), to scavenge 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS+) and evaluation of the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). This study demonstrated that both pramipexole and selegiline, but not amantadine, have antioxidant effects in vitro by scavenging superoxide anion on the respiratory burst, donating electron in the ABTS+ assay and presenting ferric reduction antioxidant power. This chemical structure-related antioxidant capacity suggests a possible neuroprotective mechanism of these drugs beyond their already recognized mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rúbia Casagrande
- State University of Londrina, Brazil; State University of Londrina, Brazil
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Siddique YH, Faisal M, Naz F, Jyoti S, Rahul. Role of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract on dietary supplementation in the transgenic Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:777-81. [PMID: 25443371 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract on the dietary supplementation in the transgenic Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. METHOD The effect of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract was studied on the transgenic Drosophila model of flies expressing normal human alpha synuclein (h-αs) in the neurons. O. sanctum extract at final concentrations of 0.042 8 × 10(-4), 0.87 × 10(-4), and 1.85 × 10(-4) g·mL(-1) of diet were established and the flies were allowed to feed for 21 days. The climbing assay and lipid peroxidation were taken as parameters for the study. RESULTS The supplementation of O. sanctum extract showed a dose-dependent significant delay in the loss of climbing ability and reduction in oxidative stress in the brain of PD model flies. CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed that the O. sanctum extract is potent in reducing the PD symptoms in transgenic Drosophila model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Forest Entomology Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 248006, UK, India
| | - Falaq Naz
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smita Jyoti
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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26
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Hesperidin, nobiletin, and tangeretin are collectively responsible for the anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of tangerine peel (Citri reticulatae pericarpium). Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 71:176-82. [PMID: 24955543 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation has become a convincing target for the development of functional foods to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Tangerine peel (Citri reticulatae pericarpium) has potent anti-inflammatory capacity; however, its anti-neuroinflammatory capacity and the corresponding active compounds remain unclear. To this end, the composition of a tangerine peel ethanolic extract was analysed by LC-MS, and the anti-neuroinflammatory ability was evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV2 microglia culture system. Hesperidin is the most predominant flavonoid in tangerine peel, followed by tangeretin and nobiletin. Among the eight tested flavanone glycosides and polymethoxy flavones, only nobiletin displayed a capacity of>50% to inhibit LPS-induced proinflammatory NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 secretion at a concentration of 100 μM. At 2 mg/ml, tangerine peel extract attenuated LPS-induced NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 secretion by 90.6%, 80.2%, 66.7%, and 86.8%, respectively. Hesperidin, nobiletin, and tangeretin individually (at concentrations of 135, 40, and 60 μM, respectively) in 2 mg/ml tangerine peel extract were only mildly inhibitory, whereas in combination, they significantly inhibited LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression at levels equal to that of 2 mg/ml tangerine peel extract. Overall, tangerine peel possesses potent anti-neuroinflammatory capacity, which is attributed to the collective effect of hesperidin, nobiletin, and tangeretin.
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Neuroprotective effects of anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-rich extracts in cellular models of Parkinson׳s disease. Brain Res 2014; 1555:60-77. [PMID: 24502982 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathological evidence indicates that dopaminergic cell death in Parkinson׳s disease (PD) involves impairment of mitochondrial complex I, oxidative stress, microglial activation, and the formation of Lewy bodies. Epidemiological findings suggest that the consumption of berries rich in anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins may reduce PD risk. In this study, we investigated whether extracts rich in anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, or other polyphenols suppress the neurotoxic effects of rotenone in a primary cell culture model of PD. Dopaminergic cell death elicited by rotenone was suppressed by extracts prepared from blueberries, grape seed, hibiscus, blackcurrant, and Chinese mulberry. Extracts rich in anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins exhibited greater neuroprotective activity than extracts rich in other polyphenols, and a number of individual anthocyanins interfered with rotenone neurotoxicity. The blueberry and grape seed extracts rescued rotenone-induced defects in mitochondrial respiration in a dopaminergic cell line, and a purple basal extract attenuated nitrite release from microglial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. These findings suggest that anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-rich botanical extracts may alleviate neurodegeneration in PD via enhancement of mitochondrial function.
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Araujo QRD, Gattward JN, Almoosawi S, Parada Costa Silva MDGC, Dantas PADS, Araujo Júnior QRD. Cocoa and Human Health: From Head to Foot—A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 56:1-12. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.657921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Neuroprotective and behavioural assessments of an imidazolium compound (DBZIM) in a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-OHDA. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 715:405-13. [PMID: 23652161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effect of DBZIM, a novel imidazolium compound, has previously been documented to slow down neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we conducted behavioural studies and further investigated the neuroprotection in a rat Parkinsonian model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). DBZIM was found to significantly reduce the 6-OHDA-induced asymmetrical rotation and preferential usage of contralateral forelimbs. Furthermore, the degeneration of tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositive (TH+) dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra par compacta (SNc) was illustrated by immunohistochemistry. The significant loss of TH+ neurones by 6-OHDA administration was ameliorated by three different doses of DBZIM treatment in a bell-shape manner. Such neuroprotection was also observed in the 6-OHDA-lesioned striata. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the striatal tissues revealed that DBZIM beneficially maintained the dopamine level by slowing down its metabolism. In addition, DBZIM attenuated the activation of astrocytes and microglia. This suggests that anti-inflammation may be an additional mechanism underlying the DBZIM-mediated neuroprotection. These findings warrant further investigation of DBZIM as a promising and potent agent for the future treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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GC–MS analysis of Eucalyptus citriodora leaf extract and its role on the dietary supplementation in transgenic Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Rehnmark A, Strömberg I. Antioxidant-Enriched Diet Affects Early Microglia Accumulation and Promotes Regeneration of the Striatal Dopamine System after a 6-Hydroxidopamine-Induced Lesion in a Rat. J Exp Neurosci 2012. [DOI: 10.4137/jen.s10424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is found both in the brain of humans suffering from Parkinson's disease and in animal models of disease. It is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the present study, in order to study the effects of antioxidants on neuroinflammation, microglial phenotypes were evaluated in rats fed with diets containing bilberries, blueberries, or crowberries at 1 and 4 weeks following striatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. The dopamine innervation was visualized using antibodies raised against tyrosine hydroxlase (TH) in the striatum and in the globus pallidus. One week post-lesion, the expression of Iba1-positive cells, a general microglial marker, was significantly increased in the striatum of all animals fed with antioxidant-enriched diets compared to control-diet fed animals, while the diameter of the TH-negative zone was similar in all animals. At four weeks post-lesion, the Iba1-positive microglia was significantly reduced in animals fed with antioxidant-enriched diets. The diameter of the TH-negative zone was significantly reduced in animals fed bilberry and crowberry. The expression and distribution of ED1-positive cells was similar to that of Iba1-positive cells found in the lesioned areas. A cell division marker Ki67 revealed that few microglia were proliferating in crowberry-treated animals. Otherwise dividing cells were associated with blood capillary cells. Although the antioxidant level should be equal in the entire brain, no regeneration was found in globus pallidus, suggesting the mechanism promoting regeneration in the striatum is not effective in the globus pallidus. In conclusion, diets rich in bilberries and crowberries and with high contents of antioxidants stimulate an early phase of accumulation of reactive migroglia that fades at longer time points i.e. promotes regeneration of the striatal dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rehnmark
- Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Telpoukhovskaia M, Orvig C. The art of building multifunctional metal-binding agents from basic molecular scaffolds for the potential application in neurodegenerative diseases. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Koppula S, Kumar H, More SV, Lim HW, Hong SM, Choi DK. Recent updates in redox regulation and free radical scavenging effects by herbal products in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Molecules 2012; 17:11391-420. [PMID: 23014498 PMCID: PMC6268813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex multifactorial disease marked by extensive neuropathology in the brain with selective yet prominent and progressive loss of mid-brain dopaminergic neurons. The etiological factors involved in the development of PD are still elusive, but oxidative stress arising when reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceed amounts required for normal redox signaling is considered one of the major factors. ROS cause oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA and are one of the most prominent factors related to neurodegeneration. Pre-clinical and clinical studies clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, regulation of redox signaling and inhibiting excess ROS would contribute greatly not only to extend longevity but also to ameliorate the progression of dopaminergic cell death seen in patients with PD. Several herbal products are beneficial for maintaining nerve cell function and for treating various neurodegenerative disorders by reducing oxidative stress. Here, we summarize the recent knowledge concerning promising herbs that have shown significant beneficial effects based on regulation of redox status and ROS inhibition in toxin-induced PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Koppula
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (S.K.); (D.-K.C.); Tel.: +82-43-840-3610 (D.-K.C.); Fax: +82-43-840-3872 (D.-K.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (S.K.); (D.-K.C.); Tel.: +82-43-840-3610 (D.-K.C.); Fax: +82-43-840-3872 (D.-K.C.)
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Gao X, Cassidy A, Schwarzschild MA, Rimm EB, Ascherio A. Habitual intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology 2012; 78:1138-45. [PMID: 22491871 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31824f7fc4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine whether higher intakes of total flavonoids and their subclasses (flavanones, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavones, and polymers) were associated with a lower risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS In the current analysis, we included 49,281 men in the Health Professional Follow-up Study and 80,336 women from the Nurses' Health Study. Five major sources of flavonoid-rich foods (tea, berry fruits, apples, red wine, and orange/orange juice) were also examined. Flavonoid intake was assessed using an updated food composition database and a validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS We identified 805 participants (438 men and 367 women) who developed PD during 20-22 years of follow-up. In men, after adjusting for multiple confounders, participants in the highest quintile of total flavonoids had a 40%lower PD risk than those in the lowest quintile (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60; 95% confidence interval 0.43, 0.83; p trend = 0.001). No significant relationship was observed in women (p trend = 0.62) or in pooled analyses (p trend = 0.23). In the pooled analyses for the subclasses, intakes of anthocyanins and a rich dietary source, berries, were significantly associated with a lower PD risk (HR comparing 2 extreme intake quintiles were 0.76 for anthocyanins and 0.77 for berries, respectively; p trend < 0.02 for both). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that intake of some flavonoids may reduce PD risk, particularly in men, but a protective effect of other constituents of plant foods cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Gao
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA, USA.
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Filomeni G, Graziani I, De Zio D, Dini L, Centonze D, Rotilio G, Ciriolo MR. Neuroprotection of kaempferol by autophagy in models of rotenone-mediated acute toxicity: possible implications for Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:767-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Multiple pharmacological actions of Yiqi Huatan Decoction (益气化痰方) in a model of depression in rats. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 19:200-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hritcu L, Foyet HS, Stefan M, Mihasan M, Asongalem AE, Kamtchouing P. Neuroprotective effect of the methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:585-591. [PMID: 21704692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE While the Hibiscus asper Hook.f. (Malvaceae) is a traditional herb largely used in tropical region of the Africa as vegetable, potent sedative, tonic and restorative, anti-inflammatory and antidepressive drug, there is very little scientific data concerning the efficacy of this. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities of the methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves (50 and 100 mg/kg) were assessed using superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) specific activities, total glutathione (GSH) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) level (lipid peroxidation) and DNA fragmentation assays in male Wistar rats subjected to unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesion. RESULTS In 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves showed potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities. Chronic administration of the methanolic extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p., daily, for 7 days) significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPX and CAT), total GSH content and reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA level) in rat temporal lobe homogenates, suggesting antioxidant activity. Also, DNA cleavage patterns were absent in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats treated with methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves, suggesting antiapoptotic activity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that the methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves possesses neuroprotective activity against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity through antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities in Parkinson's disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Bd. Carol I, No.11 20A, Iasi 700506, Romania.
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Tsai MJ, Huang YB, Wu PC, Fu YS, Kao YR, Fang JY, Tsai YH. Oral Apomorphine Delivery from Solid Lipid Nanoparticles with Different Monostearate Emulsifiers: Pharmacokinetic and Behavioral Evaluations. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:547-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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de Oliveira DM, Barreto G, Galeano P, Romero JI, Holubiec MI, Badorrey MS, Capani F, Giraldez Alvarez LD. Paullinia cupana Mart. var. Sorbilis protects human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line against rotenone-induced cytotoxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:1382-91. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110389837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Paullinia cupana Mart. var. Sorbilis, commonly known as Guaraná, is a Brazilian plant frequently cited for its antioxidant properties and different pharmacological activities on the central nervous system. The potential beneficial uses of Guaraná in neurodegenerative disorders, such as in Parkinson's disease (PD), the pathogenesis of which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, has not yet been assessed. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to evaluate if an extract of commercial powdered seeds of Guaraná could protect human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line against rotenone-induced cytotoxicity. Two concentration of Guaraná dimethylsulfoxide extract (0.312 and 0.625 mg/mL) were added to SH-SY5Y cells treated with 300 nM rotenone for 48 h, and the cytoprotective effects were assessed by means of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and analyzing nuclear integrity with Hoechst33258 stain. Results showed that the addition of Guaraná extract significantly increased the cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells treated with rotenone, in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, LDH levels were significantly reduced by addition of 0.312 mg/mL of Guaraná, but unexpectedly, no changes were observed with the higher concentration. Moreover, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation were significantly reduced by addition of any of both concentrations of the extract. The results obtained in this work could provide relevant information about the mechanisms underlying the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD and precede in vivo experiments. Further studies are needed to investigate which active constituent is responsible for the cytoprotective effect produced by Paullinia cupana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diêgo Madureira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - George Barreto
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Galeano
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad Neuronal, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas “Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini” (ININCA), UBA-CONICET, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Romero
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad Neuronal, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas “Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini” (ININCA), UBA-CONICET, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Inés Holubiec
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad Neuronal, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas “Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini” (ININCA), UBA-CONICET, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Sol Badorrey
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad Neuronal, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas “Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini” (ININCA), UBA-CONICET, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Capani
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad Neuronal, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas “Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini” (ININCA), UBA-CONICET, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lisandro Diego Giraldez Alvarez
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
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Li XL, Zhou HB, Cheng WD, Meng XH, Zhang QJ, Wang LX. WITHDRAWN: Effect of phytoestrogen isoflavone on MPP(+)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2010:S0753-3322(10)00185-X. [PMID: 21115318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bionut.2010.09.004. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, PR China
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which unfortunately is still fatal. Since the discovery of dopamine (DA) neuronal cell loss within the substantia nigra in PD, the past decades have seen the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the degenerative process advance at a very impressive rate. Nevertheless, there is at present no cure for PD. Although there are no proven therapies for prevention, a large body of evidence from animal studies has highlighted the paramount role of dietary factors in counteracting DA degeneration. Consistently, associations between the risk of developing PD and the intake of nutrients, individual foods, and dietary patterns have been recently shown. Therefore, promoting healthy lifestyle choices such as a Mediterranean diet might be the key to reducing the risk of PD.
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Garcia E, Limon D, Perez-De La Cruz V, Giordano M, Diaz-Muñoz M, Maldonado PD, Herrera-Mundo MN, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Santamaria A. Lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurochemical and behavioural deficits in different neurotoxic models: protective role of S-allylcysteine. Free Radic Res 2008; 42:892-902. [PMID: 18985488 DOI: 10.1080/10715760802506356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence on the protective properties of S-allylcysteine (SAC) was collected from three models exerting striatal toxicity. In the first model, SAC (120 mg kg(-1)x5) prevented lipoperoxidation (LP) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) in synaptosomal fractions from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridinium-treated mice (30 mg kg(-1)), but without complete restoration of dopamine levels. In the second model, SAC (300 mg kg(-1)x 3), prevented LP and MD in synaptosomes from rats infused with 6-hydroxydopamine (8 microg microl(-1)) into the substantia nigra pars compacta, but again, without total reversion of depleted dopamine levels. In the third model, SAC (100 mg kg(-1)x 1) prevented MD in synaptosomes from rats injected with 3-nitropropionic acid (10 mg kg(-1)), but in contrast to the other models, it failed to prevent LP. SAC also prevented the aberrant motor activity patterns evoked by the three toxins. Altogether, the results suggest that the antioxidant properties of SAC are responsible for partial or total preservation of neurochemical, biochemical and behavioural markers, indicating that pro-oxidant reactions underlie the neurotoxicity in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Garcia
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel VelascoSuárez, SSA, México DF, México
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Ramiro-Puig E, Casadesús G, Lee HG, Zhu X, McShea A, Perry G, Pérez-Cano FJ, Smith MA, Castell M. Neuroprotective effect of cocoa flavonoids on in vitro oxidative stress. Eur J Nutr 2008; 48:54-61. [PMID: 19043659 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-008-0761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocoa is a rich source of flavonoids that, among other functions, can act as antioxidants. In living systems, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate an array of intracellular cascades, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), that are closely associated with cell death or survival pathways. AIM OF THE STUDY To ascertain the role of a cocoa extract and its main flavonoid, (-)-epicatechin, in an in vitro model of oxidative stress induced in a neuronal cell line. METHODS We analyzed ROS production by fluorometry (dichlorofluorescein assay), and activation of MAPK pathways including extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p-38, by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Cells incubated with cocoa extract or (-)-epicatechin, reduced ROS production in a dose-dependent manner, reaching 35% inhibition. pJNK and p38, involved in apoptosis, were down-modulated by cocoa extract and (-)-epicatechin with p38 inhibition reaching up to 70%. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that cocoa extract and (-)-epicatechin may exert a neuroprotective action by reducing ROS production and modulating MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ramiro-Puig
- Department de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Sun AY, Wang Q, Simonyi A, Sun GY. Botanical phenolics and brain health. Neuromolecular Med 2008; 10:259-74. [PMID: 19191039 PMCID: PMC2682367 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-008-8052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The high demand for molecular oxygen, the enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids, and the relatively low abundance of antioxidant defense enzymes are factors rendering cells in the central nervous system (CNS) particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress. Excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain has been implicated as a common underlying factor for the etiology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. While ROS are generated by enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions in the mitochondria and cytoplasm under normal conditions, excessive production under pathological conditions is associated with activation of Ca(2+)-dependent enzymes including proteases, phospholipases, nucleases, and alterations of signaling pathways which subsequently lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, release of inflammatory factors, and apoptosis. In recent years, there is considerable interest to investigate antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic compounds from different botanical sources. In this review, we describe oxidative mechanisms associated with AD, PD, and stroke, and evaluate neuroprotective effects of phenolic compounds, such as resveratrol from grape and red wine, curcumin from turmeric, apocynin from Picrorhiza kurroa, and epi-gallocatechin from green tea. The main goal is to provide a better understanding of the mode of action of these compounds and assess their use as therapeutics to ameliorate age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Y. Sun
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211
| | - Agnes Simonyi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211
| | - Grace Y. Sun
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211
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McShea A, Ramiro-Puig E, Munro SB, Casadesus G, Castell M, Smith MA. Clinical benefit and preservation of flavonols in dark chocolate manufacturing. Nutr Rev 2008; 66:630-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Perez CA, Tong Y, Guo M. Iron Chelators as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Parkinson's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 4:150-158. [PMID: 19809592 DOI: 10.2174/157340708786305952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by the progressive impairment of motor skills in patients. Growing evidence suggests that abnormal redox-active metal accumulation, caused by dysregulation, plays a central role in the neuropathology of PD. Redox-active metals (e.g. Fe and Cu) catalyze essential reactions for brain function. However, these metals can also participate in the generation of highly toxic free radicals that can cause oxidative damage to cells and ultimately lead to the death of dopamine-containing neurons. The emergence of redox-active metals as key players in the pathogenesis of PD strongly suggests that metal-chelators could be beneficial in the treatment of this condition. This mini-review summarizes major recent developments on natural, synthetic iron chelating compounds and hydrogen peroxide-triggered prochelators as potential candidates for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300
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Calon F, Cicchetti F. Can we prevent Parkinson’s disease with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/17460875.3.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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