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Million CR, Wijeratne S, Karhoff S, Cassone BJ, McHale LK, Dorrance AE. Molecular mechanisms underpinning quantitative resistance to Phytophthora sojae in Glycine max using a systems genomics approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1277585. [PMID: 38023885 PMCID: PMC10662313 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1277585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Expression of quantitative disease resistance in many host-pathogen systems is controlled by genes at multiple loci, each contributing a small effect to the overall response. We used a systems genomics approach to study the molecular underpinnings of quantitative disease resistance in the soybean-Phytophthora sojae pathosystem, incorporating expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping and gene co-expression network analysis to identify the genes putatively regulating transcriptional changes in response to inoculation. These findings were compared to previously mapped phenotypic (phQTL) to identify the molecular mechanisms contributing to the expression of this resistance. A subset of 93 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a Conrad × Sloan population were inoculated with P. sojae isolate 1.S.1.1 using the tray-test method; RNA was extracted, sequenced, and the normalized read counts were genetically mapped from tissue collected at the inoculation site 24 h after inoculation from both mock and inoculated samples. In total, more than 100,000 eQTLs were mapped. There was a switch from predominantly cis-eQTLs in the mock treatment to an almost entirely nonoverlapping set of predominantly trans-eQTLs in the inoculated treatment, where greater than 100-fold more eQTLs were mapped relative to mock, indicating vast transcriptional reprogramming due to P. sojae infection occurred. The eQTLs were organized into 36 hotspots, with the four largest hotspots from the inoculated treatment corresponding to more than 70% of the eQTLs, each enriched for genes within plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Genetic regulation of trans-eQTLs in response to the pathogen was predicted to occur through transcription factors and signaling molecules involved in plant-pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK pathways. Network analysis identified three co-expression modules that were correlated with susceptibility to P. sojae and associated with three eQTL hotspots. Among the eQTLs co-localized with phQTLs, two cis-eQTLs with putative functions in the regulation of root architecture or jasmonic acid, as well as the putative master regulators of an eQTL hotspot nearby a phQTL, represent candidates potentially underpinning the molecular control of these phQTLs for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy R. Million
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Center for Soybean Research and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Saranga Wijeratne
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Stephanie Karhoff
- Center for Soybean Research and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Translational Plant Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bryan J. Cassone
- Center for Soybean Research and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, MB, Canada
| | - Leah K. McHale
- Center for Soybean Research and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anne E. Dorrance
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Center for Soybean Research and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Xu Y, Shang K, Wang C, Yu Z, Zhao X, Song Y, Meng F, Zhu C. WIPK-NtLTP4 pathway confers resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:249-261. [PMID: 34697685 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE WIPK-NtLTP4 module improves the resistance to R. solanacearum via upregulating the expression of defense-related genes, increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoting stomatal closure in tobacco. Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a class of small lipid binding proteins that play important roles in biotic and abiotic stresses. The previous study revealed that NtLTP4 positively regulates salt and drought stresses in Nicotiana tabacum. However, the role of NtLTP4 in biotic stress, especially regarding its function in disease resistance remains unclear. Here, the critical role of NtLTP4 in regulating resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum), a causal agent of bacterial wilt disease in tobacco, was reported. The NtLTP4-overexpressing lines markedly improved the resistance to R. solanacearum by upregulating the expression of defense-related genes, increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoting stomatal closure. Moreover, NtLTP4 interacted with wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK; a homolog of MAPK3 in tobacco) and acted in a genetically epistatic manner to WIPK in planta. WIPK could directly phosphorylate NtLTP4 to positively regulate its protein abundance. Taken together, these results broaden the knowledge about the functions of the WIPK-NtLTP4 module in disease resistance and may provide valuable information for improving tobacco plant tolerance to R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijie Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanxiao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Li C, Song S, He Y, Zhang X, Liu H. CaCl 2-HCl electrolyzed water affects glucosinolate metabolism and improves the quality of broccoli sprouts. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110807. [PMID: 34863498 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of CaCl2-HCl electrolyzed water (CHEW) with different calcium chloride concentrations on broccoli sprouts. CHEW treatment reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents of broccoli sprouts. The results showed that 10 kinds of glucosinolates were detected, and glucoraphanin was the dominant component. After hydrolysis, three kinds of isothiocyanates and two kinds of nitriles were detected in broccoli sprouts; however, the corresponding nitrile 4-isothiocyanato-1-butene was not detectable. The sulforaphane content of broccoli sprouts in the 10CHEW (Electrolyte of 10 mM CaCl2 acidic solution) treatment increased by 34.4%, and the content of sulforaphane nitrile decreased by 53.3% compared with that of the tap water treatment. CHEW changed the metabolism of glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts by promoting the synthesis of glucoraphanin, increasing the activity of myrosinase and decreasing the activity of epithiospecifier protein (ESP) for the generation of more bioactive isothiocyanates. In addition, compared to the tap water treatment, the calcium content in broccoli sprouts treated with 25CHEW (Electrolyte of 25 mM CaCl2 acidic solution) was dramatically enhanced from 15.8 to 49.7 mg/g DW. CHEW can be a useful tool for enhancing the amount of secondary metabolites and calcium content in broccoli sprouts intended for fresh consumption as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuhui Song
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yanan He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xindan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haijie Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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He L, Liu H, Cheng C, Xu M, He L, Li L, Yao J, Zhang W, Zhai Z, Luo Q, Sun J, Yang T, Xu S. RNA sequencing reveals transcriptomic changes in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) following NtCPS2 knockdown. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:467. [PMID: 34162328 PMCID: PMC8220664 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amber-like compounds form in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) during leaf curing and impact aromatic quality. In particular, cis-abienol, a polycyclic labdane-related diterpenoid, is of research interest as a precursor of these compounds. Glandular trichome cells specifically express copalyl diphosphate synthase (NtCPS2) at high levels in tobacco, which, together with NtABS, are major regulators of cis-abienol biosynthesis in tobacco. RESULTS To identify the genes involved in the biosynthesis of cis-abienol in tobacco, we constructed transgenic tobacco lines based on an NtCPS2 gene-knockdown model using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology to inhibit NtCPS2 function in vitro. In mutant plants, cis-abienol and labdene diol contents decreased, whereas the gibberellin and abscisic acid (ABA) contents increased compared with those in wild-type tobacco plants. RNA sequencing analysis revealed the presence of 9514 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 4279 upregulated, 5235 downregulated) when the leaves of wild-type and NtCPS2-knockdown tobacco plants were screened. Among these DEGs, the genes encoding cis-abienol synthase, ent-kaurene oxidase, auxin/ABA-related proteins, and transcription factors were found to be involved in various biological and physiochemical processes, including diterpenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interactions. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides insight into the unique transcriptome profile of NtCPS2 knockdown tobacco, allowing for a better understanding of the biosynthesis of cis-abienol in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao He
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Huabing Liu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd., Hangzhou, 310008 China
| | - Changhe Cheng
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd., Hangzhou, 310008 China
| | - Min Xu
- China National Tobacco Corporation Henan company, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Lei He
- China National Tobacco Corporation Henan company, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Lihua Li
- China National Tobacco Corporation Henan company, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Jian Yao
- China National Tobacco Corporation Henan company, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Hunan Tobacco Corporation Changsha Company, Changsha, 410007 Hunan China
| | - Zhengguang Zhai
- Hunan Tobacco Corporation Changsha Company, Changsha, 410007 Hunan China
| | - Qinzhan Luo
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Tobacco Corporation Baise Company, Baise, 533000 Guangxi China
| | - Jutao Sun
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Tiezhao Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Shixiao Xu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
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Gao H, Wang C, Li L, Fu D, Zhang Y, Yang P, Zhang T, Wang C. A novel role of the calcium sensor CBL1 in response to phosphate deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 253:153266. [PMID: 32854072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus acts as an essential macroelement in plant growth and development. A lack of phosphate (Pi) in arable soil and phosphate fertilizer resources is a vital limiting factor in crop yields. Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) act as one of the most important calcium sensors in plants; however, whether CBLs are involved in Pi deficiency signaling pathway remains largely elusive. In this study, we utilized a reverse genetic strategy to screen Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertion mutants belonging to the CBL family under Pi deficiency conditions. The cbl1 mutant exhibited a relatively tolerant phenotype, with longer roots, lower anthocyanin content, and elevated Pi content under Pi deficiency, and a more sensitive phenotype to arsenate treatment compared with wild-type plants. Moreover, CBL1 was upregulated, and the mutation of CBL1 caused phosphate starvation-induced (PSIs) genes to be significantly induced under Pi deficiency. Histochemical staining demonstrated that the cbl1 mutant has decreased acid phosphatase activity and hydrogen peroxide concentrations under Pi deficiency. Collectively, our results have revealed a novel role of CBL1 in maintaining Pi homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Lu X, Li X, Xie D, Jiang C, Wang C, Li L, Zhang Y, Tian H, Gao H, Wang C. The Ca 2+ -regulated protein kinase CIPK1 integrates plant responses to phosphate deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:753-760. [PMID: 32445589 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) deficiency severely restricts plant growth and development, as Pi is an essential macronutrient. Calcium (Ca2+ ) is a ubiquitous second messenger in plants; calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPK) are signalling pathways that act as an important Ca2+ signalling network which integrates plants to fine tune the response to stress; however, whether CIPK are involved in Pi deficiency stress remains largely unknown. In this study, we carried out a reverse genetic strategy to screen T-DNA insertion mutants of CIPK isoforms under Pi deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana. Then Pi content, transcription of phosphate starvation-induced (PSI) genes, acid phosphatase activity and hydrogen peroxide were determined in the wild-type (WT) and cipk1 mutant, respectively. The phenotype of CIPK1 complementation lines was analysed. The cipk1 mutant had a more sensitive phenotype, with lower root elongation and root length, and decreased Pi content compared with the WT under Pi deficiency. Moreover, CIPK1 mutation caused phosphate starvation-induced (PSI) genes to be significantly induced under Pi deficiency. Histological staining demonstrated that the cipk1 mutant had increased acid phosphatase activity and hydrogen peroxide concentration under Pi deficiency. By using the yeast two-hybrid system, we further demonstrated the interaction between CIPK1 and the WRKY transcription factors, WRKY6 and WRKY42. Overall, we demonstrate that CIPK1 is involved in the Pi deficiency signalling pathway in A. thaliana, revealing the important role of Ca2+ in the Pi nutrition signalling pathway, and potentially providing a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of crops with better Pi utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - D Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - C Jiang
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - C Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - L Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - H Tian
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - H Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - C Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Li J, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Wei B, Zhao Y, Ji S. Calcium Treatment Alleviates Pericarp Browning of 'Nanguo' Pears by Regulating the GABA Shunt After Cold Storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:580986. [PMID: 33042193 PMCID: PMC7522215 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.580986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-term storage of pear fruit at low temperature can retard senescence but may result in pericarp browning. We previously reported that increasing endogenous γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) content by exogenous GABA treatment can maintain mitochondrial structure integrity, thereby alleviating pericarp browning of 'Nanguo' pears after cold storage. Here, we tested the effectiveness of Ca2+ treatment on pericarp browning in relation to GABA biosynthesis. Fruit browning was reduced by treatment with Ca2+ after 180 days of storage. Pericarp Ca2+ and calmodulin content in treated fruit increased, and concomitantly, endogenous GABA content, key GABA synthesis-related enzyme activity, and gene expression were upregulated. Moreover, the mitochondrial structure in the pericarp tissue was found to be well preserved. Thus, Ca2+ treatment effectively reduced pericarp browning of refrigerated 'Nanguo' pears owing to improvement in the GABA biosynthesis capacity in the fruit.
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Michailidis M, Karagiannis E, Tanou G, Sarrou E, Stavridou E, Ganopoulos I, Karamanoli K, Madesis P, Martens S, Molassiotis A. An integrated metabolomic and gene expression analysis identifies heat and calcium metabolic networks underlying postharvest sweet cherry fruit senescence. PLANTA 2019; 250:2009-2022. [PMID: 31531781 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ηeat and calcium treatments reprogram sweet cherry fruit metabolism during postharvest senescence as evidenced by changes in respiration, amino acid metabolism, sugars, and secondary metabolites shift. Heat and calcium treatments are used to improve postharvest fruit longevity; however, the exact mechanism remains poorly understood. To characterize the impact of these treatments on sweet cherries metabolism, 'Lapins' fruits were treated with heat or CaCl2 solutions and their combination and subsequently were exposed at room temperature, for up to 4 days, defined as senescence period. Single and combined heat and calcium treatments partially delayed fruit senescence, as evidenced by changes in fruit colour darkening, skin penetration force, and respiration activity. Calcium content was noticeably increased by heat in Ca-treated fruit. Several primary metabolites, including amino acids, organic acids, and alcohols, were decreased in response to both treatments, while many soluble sugars and secondary metabolites were increased within 1 day post-treatment. Changes of several metabolites in heat-treated fruits, especially esculetin, peonidin 3-O-glucoside and peonidin 3-O-galactoside, ribose, pyroglutamate, and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, were detected. The metabolome of fruit exposed to calcium also displayed substantial modulations, particularly in the levels of galactose, glycerate, aspartate, tryptophan, phospharate rutin, and peonidin 3-O-glucoside. The expression of several genes involved in TCA cycle (MDH1, IDH1, OGDH, SUCLA2, and SDH1-1), pectin degradation (ADPG1) as well as secondary (SK1, 4CL1, HCT, and BAN), amino acids (ALDH18A1, ALDH4A1, GS, GAD, GOT2, OPLAH, HSDH, and SDS), and sugar (PDHA1 and DLAT) metabolism were affected by both treatments. Pathway-specific analysis further revealed the regulation of fruit metabolic programming by heat and calcium. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of metabolic regulation in response to heat and calcium during fruit senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Eirini Sarrou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Katerina Karamanoli
- Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, 54124, Greece
| | | | - Stefan Martens
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Centro Ricerca E Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'adige, 38010, Trento, Italy
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Tang C, Zhang H, Zhang P, Ma Y, Cao M, Hu H, Shah FA, Zhao W, Li M, Wu L. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteome analysis reveals metabolic changes between a cleistogamous wheat mutant and its wild-type wheat counterpart. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7104. [PMID: 31245178 PMCID: PMC6585907 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wheat is one of the most important staple crops worldwide. Fusarium head blight (FHB) severely affects wheat yield and quality. A novel bread wheat mutant, ZK001, characterized as cleistogamic was isolated from a non-cleistogamous variety Yumai 18 (YM18) through static magnetic field mutagenesis. Cleistogamy is a promising strategy for controlling FHB. However, little is known about the mechanism of cleistogamy in wheat. Methods We performed a FHB resistance test to identify the FHB infection rate of ZK001. We also measured the agronomic traits of ZK001 and the starch and total soluble sugar contents of lodicules in YM18 and ZK001. Finally, we performed comparative studies at the proteome level between YM18 and ZK001 based on the proteomic technique of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification. Results The infection rate of ZK001 was lower than that of its wild-type and Aikang 58. The abnormal lodicules of ZK001 lost the ability to push the lemma and palea apart during the flowering stage. Proteome analysis showed that the main differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were related to carbohydrate metabolism, protein transport, and calcium ion binding. These DAPs may work together to regulate cellular homeostasis, osmotic pressure and the development of lodicules. This hypothesis is supported by the analysis of starch, soluble sugar content in the lodicules as well as the results of Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Conclusions Proteomic analysis has provided comprehensive information that should be useful for further research on the lodicule development mechanism in wheat. The ZK001 mutant is optimal for studying flower development in wheat and could be very important for FHB resistant projects via conventional crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiguo Tang
- Key laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion beam physical biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huilan Zhang
- Key laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion beam physical biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhan Ma
- Key laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion beam physical biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Minghui Cao
- Key laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion beam physical biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Key laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion beam physical biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Faheem Afzal Shah
- Key laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion beam physical biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Key laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion beam physical biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Key laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion beam physical biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Key laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion beam physical biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Li B, Gao K, Ren H, Tang W. Molecular mechanisms governing plant responses to high temperatures. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:757-779. [PMID: 30030890 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of high temperatures (HTs) around the world is a major global concern, as they dramatically affect agronomic productivity. Upon HT exposure, plants sense the temperature change and initiate cellular and metabolic responses that enable them to adapt to their new environmental conditions. Decoding the mechanisms by which plants cope with HT will facilitate the development of molecular markers to enable the production of plants with improved thermotolerance. In recent decades, genetic, physiological, molecular, and biochemical studies have revealed a number of vital cellular components and processes involved in thermoresponsive growth and the acquisition of thermotolerance in plants. This review summarizes the major mechanisms involved in plant HT responses, with a special focus on recent discoveries related to plant thermosensing, heat stress signaling, and HT-regulated gene expression networks that promote plant adaptation to elevated environmental temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Kang Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Huimin Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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11
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Zyablitsin AV, Dmitriev AA, Krasnov GS, Bolsheva NL, Rozhmina TA, Muravenko OV, Fedorova MS, Snezhkina AV, Kudryavtseva AV, Melnikova NV. CAX3 Gene is Involved in Flax Response to High Soil Acidity and Aluminum Exposure. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Arora R. Mechanism of freeze-thaw injury and recovery: A cool retrospective and warming up to new ideas. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:301-313. [PMID: 29576084 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding cellular mechanism(s) of freeze-thaw injury (FTI) is key to the efforts for improving plant freeze-tolerance by cultural methods or molecular/genetic approaches. However, not much work has been done in the last 25+ years to advance our understanding of the nature and cellular loci of FTI. Currently, two FTI lesions are predominantly implicated: 1) structural and functional perturbations in plasma membrane; 2) ROS-induced oxidative damage. While both have stood the test of time, many questions remain unresolved and other potentially significant lesions need to be investigated. Additionally, molecular mechanism of post-thaw recovery (PTR), a critical component of frost-survival, has not been well investigated. Mechanistic understanding of repair after reversible injury could expand the options for strategies to improve frost-hardiness. In this review, without claiming to be exhaustive, I have attempted to synthesize major discoveries from last several decades on the mechanisms of FTI and the relatively little research conducted thus far on PTR mechanisms. It is followed by proposing of hypotheses for mechanism(s) for irreversible FTI or PTR involving cytosolic calcium and ROS signaling. Perspective is presented on some unresolved questions and research on new ideas to fill the knowledge gaps and advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Arora
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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13
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Prade VM, Gundlach H, Twardziok S, Chapman B, Tan C, Langridge P, Schulman AH, Stein N, Waugh R, Zhang G, Platzer M, Li C, Spannagl M, Mayer KFX. The pseudogenes of barley. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:502-514. [PMID: 29205595 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudogenes have a reputation of being 'evolutionary relics' or 'junk DNA'. While they are well characterized in mammals, studies in more complex plant genomes have so far been hampered by the absence of reference genome sequences. Barley is one of the economically most important cereals and has a genome size of 5.1 Gb. With the first high-quality genome reference assembly available for a Triticeae crop, we conducted a whole-genome assessment of pseudogenes on the barley genome. We identified, characterized and classified 89 440 gene fragments and pseudogenes scattered along the chromosomes, with occasional hotspots and higher densities at the chromosome ends. Full-length pseudogenes (11 015) have preferentially retained their exon-intron structure. Retrotransposition of processed mRNAs only plays a marginal role in their creation. However, the distribution of retroposed pseudogenes reflects the Rabl configuration of barley chromosomes and thus hints at founding mechanisms. While parent genes related to the defense-response were found to be under-represented in cultivated barley, we detected several defense-related pseudogenes in wild barley accessions. The percentage of transcriptionally active pseudogenes is 7.2%, and these may potentially adopt new regulatory roles.The barley genome is rich in pseudogenes and small gene fragments mainly located towards chromosome tips or as tandemly repeated units. Our results indicate non-random duplication and pseudogenization preferences and improve our understanding of the dynamics of gene birth and death in large plant genomes and the mechanisms that lead to evolutionary innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena M Prade
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heidrun Gundlach
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven Twardziok
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Brett Chapman
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, WA6150, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Cong Tan
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, WA6150, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Peter Langridge
- School of Agriculture, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, SA5064, Urrbrae, Australia
| | - Alan H Schulman
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute (Luke), Viikki Plant Science Centre, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA6009, Australia
| | - Robbie Waugh
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Guoping Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Chengdao Li
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, WA6150, Murdoch, Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Food, Government of Western Australia, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
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14
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Liao C, Zheng Y, Guo Y. MYB30 transcription factor regulates oxidative and heat stress responses through ANNEXIN-mediated cytosolic calcium signaling in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:163-177. [PMID: 28726305 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic calcium signaling is critical for regulating downstream responses in plants encountering unfavorable environmental conditions. In a genetic screen for Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in stress-induced cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]cyt ) elevations, we identified the R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB30 as a regulator of [Ca2+ ]cyt in response to H2 O2 and heat stresses. Plants lacking MYB30 protein exhibited greater elevation of [Ca2+ ]cyt in response to oxidative and heat stimuli. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results indicated that the expression of a number of ANNEXIN (ANN) genes, which encode Ca2+ -regulated membrane-binding proteins modulating cytosolic calcium signatures, were upregulated in myb30 mutants. Further analysis showed that MYB30 bound to the promoters of ANN1 and ANN4 and repressed their expression. myb30 mutants were sensitive to methyl viologen (MV) and heat stresses. The H2 O2 - and heat-induced abnormal [Ca2+ ]cyt in myb30 was dependent on the function of ANN proteins. Moreover, the MV and heat sensitivity of myb30 was suppressed in mutants lacking ANN function or by application of LaCl3 , a calcium channel blocker. These results indicate that MYB30 regulates oxidative and heat stress responses through calcium signaling, which is at least partially mediated by ANN1 and ANN4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chancan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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15
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Li Y, Meng J, Yang S, Guo F, Zhang J, Geng Y, Cui L, Wan S, Li X. Transcriptome Analysis of Calcium- and Hormone-Related Gene Expressions during Different Stages of Peanut Pod Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1241. [PMID: 28769950 PMCID: PMC5510571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Peanut is one of the calciphilous plants. Calcium serves as a ubiquitous central hub in a large number of signaling pathways. In the field, free calcium ion (Ca2+)-deficient soil can result in unfilled pods. Four pod stages were analyzed to determine the relationship between Ca2+ excretion and pod development. Peanut shells showed Ca2+ excretion at all four stages; however, both the embryo of Stage 4 (S4) and the red skin of Stage 3 (S3) showed Ca2+ absorbance. These results showed that embryo and red skin of peanut need Ca2+ during development. In order to survey the relationship among calcium, hormone and seed development from gene perspective, we further analyzed the seed transcriptome at Stage 2 (S2), S3, and S4. About 70 million high quality clean reads were generated, which were assembled into 58,147 unigenes. By comparing these three stages, total 4,457 differentially expressed genes were identified. In these genes, 53 Ca2+ related genes, 40 auxin related genes, 15 gibberellin genes, 20 ethylene related genes, 2 abscisic acid related genes, and 7 cytokinin related genes were identified. Additionally, a part of them were validated by qRT-PCR. Most of their expressions changed during the pod development. Since some reports showed that Ca2+ signal transduction pathway is involved in hormone regulation pathway, these results implied that peanut seed development might be regulated by the collaboration of Ca2+ signal transduction pathway and hormone regulation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan, China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan, China
| | - Jialei Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan, China
| | - Yun Geng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan, China
| | - Li Cui
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan, China
| | - Shubo Wan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan, China
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16
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Liao J, Deng J, Qin Z, Tang J, Shu M, Ding C, Liu J, Hu C, Yuan M, Huang Y, Yang R, Zhou Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Analyses of Calmodulins and Calmodulin-like Proteins in Lotus japonicas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:482. [PMID: 28424729 PMCID: PMC5380670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
L. japonicus, a model plant of legumes plants, is widely used in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. A large number of studies on it have been published based on the genetic, biochemical, structural studies. These results are secondhand reports that CaM is a key regulator during Rhizobial infection. In plants, there are multiple CaM genes encoding several CaM isoforms with only minor amino acid differences. Moreover, the regulation mechanism of this family of proteins during rhizobia infection is still unclear. In the current study, a family of genes encoding CaMs and CMLs that possess only the Ca2+-binding EF-hand motifs were analyzed. Using ML and BI tree based on amino acid sequence similarity, seven loci defined as CaMs and 19 CMLs, with at least 23% identity to CaM, were identified. The phylogenetics, gene structures, EF hand motif organization, and expression characteristics were evaluated. Seven CaM genes, encoding only 4 isoforms, were found in L. japonicus. According to qRT-PCR, four LjCaM isoforms are involved in different rhizobia infection stages. LjCaM1 might be involved in the early rhizobia infection epidermal cells stage. Furthermore, additional structural differences and expression behaviors indicated that LjCMLs may have different potential functions from LjCaMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYaan, China
| | - Jiabin Deng
- School of Geography and Tourism, Guizhou Education UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Zongzhi Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYaan, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Maorong Shu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYaan, China
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYaan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYaan, China
| | - Chao Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYaan, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYaan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYaan, China
| | - Ruiwu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYaan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
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17
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Val J, Gracia MA, Blanco A, Monge E, Pérez M. Polypeptide Pattern of Apple Tissues Affected by Calcium-related Physiopathologies. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013206070217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptides from the apple pulp of Smoothee Golden Delicious and White Renete apples were resolved by 1-D denaturing sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). According to the electropherograms, there were lower concentrations of 88, 74, 70.6 and 47.5-42kDa proteins in bitter pit spots. Proteins weighing 30 and 26kDa were rare in sound pulp but frequently appeared in pits and adjacent tissue. Finally, a novel 18kDa protein was found in bitter pit spots in both varieties, and also in chemically induced corky lesions either by magnesium infiltration or ammonium oxalate cortical injections. The available data suggested that the novel protein might be an inhibitor of pectinmethylesterase, a small heat stress protein (smHSP) or a product of the Ypr-10 gene family identified with ‘Mal d 1’, the main allergen of apples. To elucidate the possible smHSP nature of the 18kDa, a set of apples were heated at 40°C for 20h, developing this protein in both the oxidised tissue and in the adjacent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Val
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 202, 50080- Zaragoza, Spain,
| | - M. A. Gracia
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 202, 50080- Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A. Blanco
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 202, 50080- Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E. Monge
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 202, 50080- Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Pérez
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 202, 50080- Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Record S, Kobe RK, Vriesendorp CF, Finley AO. Seedling survival responses to conspecific density, soil nutrients, and irradiance vary with age in a tropical forest. Ecology 2016; 97:2406-2415. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydne Record
- Department of Biology Bryn Mawr College 101 North Merion Avenue Bryn Mawr Pennsylvania 19010 USA
| | - Richard K. Kobe
- Department of Forestry Michigan State University 125 Natural Resources East LansingMichigan 48824 USA
| | - Corine F. Vriesendorp
- Environment, Culture, and Conservation, The Field Museum Chicago1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Illinois 60605 USA
| | - Andrew O. Finley
- Department of Forestry Michigan State University 126 Natural Resources East LansingMichigan 48824 USA
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19
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Leng X, Han J, Wang X, Zhao M, Sun X, Wang C, Fang J. Characterization of a Calmodulin-binding Transcription Factor from Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). THE PLANT GENOME 2015; 8:eplantgenome2014.08.0039. [PMID: 33228307 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2014.08.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) is a calmodulin-binding transcription factor that has a broad range of functions from sensory mechanisms to regulating many growth and developmental processes. In this study, we isolated four strawberry CAMTA (FaCAMTA) genes using HMMER and BLAST analysis. The chromosome scaffold locations of these CAMTA genes in the strawberry genome were determined and the protein domain and motif organization [CG-1, transcription factor immunoglobulin, ankyrin (ANK) repeats, calmodulin-binding IQ motif) of FaCAMTAs were also assessed. All FaCAMTAs were predicted to be Ca- and calmodulin-binding proteins. The expression profiles of FaCAMTA genes were measured in different tissues and revealed distinct FaCAMTA gene expression patterns under heat, cold, and salt stress. These data not only contribute to a better understanding of the complex regulation of the FaCAMTA gene family but also provide evidence supporting the role of CAMTAs in multiple signaling pathways involved in stress responses. This investigation can provide useful information for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Leng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jian Han
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box1435, No.1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China
| | - Mizhen Zhao
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling St. 50, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
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Di DW, Zhang C, Guo GQ. Involvement of secondary messengers and small organic molecules in auxin perception and signaling. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:895-904. [PMID: 25693494 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a major phytohormone involved in most aspects of plant growth and development. Generally, auxin is perceived by three distinct receptors: TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESISTANT1-Auxin/INDOLE ACETIC ACID, S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 2A and AUXIN-BINDING PROTEIN1. The auxin perception is regulated by a variety of secondary messenger molecules, including nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, calcium, cyclic GMP, cyclic AMP, inositol triphosphate, diacylglycerol and by physiological pH. In addition, some small organic molecules, including inositol hexakisphosphate, yokonolide B, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid, toyocamycin and terfestatin A, are involved in auxin signaling. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent progress in understanding the functions of these secondary messengers and small organic molecules, which are now thoroughly demonstrated to be pervasive and important in auxin perception and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wei Di
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China,
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21
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The intracellular Scots pine shoot symbiont Methylobacterium extorquens DSM13060 aggregates around the host nucleus and encodes eukaryote-like proteins. mBio 2015; 6:mBio.00039-15. [PMID: 25805725 PMCID: PMC4453540 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00039-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are microbes that inhabit plant tissues without any apparent signs of infection, often fundamentally altering plant phenotypes. While endophytes are typically studied in plant roots, where they colonize the apoplast or dead cells, Methylobacterium extorquens strain DSM13060 is a facultatively intracellular symbiont of the meristematic cells of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) shoot tips. The bacterium promotes host growth and development without the production of known plant growth-stimulating factors. Our objective was to examine intracellular colonization by M. extorquens DSM13060 of Scots pine and sequence its genome to identify novel molecular mechanisms potentially involved in intracellular colonization and plant growth promotion. Reporter construct analysis of known growth promotion genes demonstrated that these were only weakly active inside the plant or not expressed at all. We found that bacterial cells accumulate near the nucleus in intact, living pine cells, pointing to host nuclear processes as the target of the symbiont’s activity. Genome analysis identified a set of eukaryote-like functions that are common as effectors in intracellular bacterial pathogens, supporting the notion of intracellular bacterial activity. These include ankyrin repeats, transcription factors, and host-defense silencing functions and may be secreted by a recently imported type IV secretion system. Potential factors involved in host growth include three copies of phospholipase A2, an enzyme that is rare in bacteria but implicated in a range of plant cellular processes, and proteins putatively involved in gibberellin biosynthesis. Our results describe a novel endophytic niche and create a foundation for postgenomic studies of a symbiosis with potential applications in forestry and agriculture. All multicellular eukaryotes host communities of essential microbes, but most of these interactions are still poorly understood. In plants, bacterial endophytes are found inside all tissues. M. extorquens DSM13060 occupies an unusual niche inside cells of the dividing shoot tissues of a pine and stimulates seedling growth without producing cytokinin, auxin, or other plant hormones commonly synthesized by plant-associated bacteria. Here, we tracked the bacteria using a fluorescent tag and confocal laser scanning microscopy and found that they localize near the nucleus of the plant cell. This prompted us to sequence the genome and identify proteins that may affect host growth by targeting processes in the host cytoplasm and nucleus. We found many novel genes whose products may modulate plant processes from within the plant cell. Our results open up new avenues to better understand how bacteria assist in plant growth, with broad implications for plant science, forestry, and agriculture.
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22
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The effect of postharvest calcium application in hydro-cooling water on tissue calcium content, biochemical changes, and quality attributes of sweet cherry fruit. Food Chem 2014; 160:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Xu W, Peng H, Yang T, Whitaker B, Huang L, Sun J, Chen P. Effect of calcium on strawberry fruit flavonoid pathway gene expression and anthocyanin accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 82:289-98. [PMID: 25036468 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two diploid woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) inbred lines, Ruegen F7-4 (red fruit-bearing) and YW5AF7 (yellow fruit-bearing) were used to study the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in fruit. Ruegen F7-4 fruit had similar total phenolics and anthocyanin contents to commercial octoploid (F. × ananassa) cultivar Seascape, while YW5AF7 exhibited relatively low total phenolics content and no anthocyanin accumulation. Foliar spray of CaCl2 boosted fruit total phenolics content, especially anthocyanins, by more than 20% in both Seascape and RF7-4. Expression levels of almost all the flavonoid pathway genes were comparable in Ruegen F7-4 and YW5AF7 green-stage fruit. However, at the turning and ripe stages, key anthocyanin structural genes, including flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H1), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR2), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS1), and UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT1), were highly expressed in Ruegen F7-4 compared with YW5AF7 fruit. Calcium treatment further stimulated the expression of those genes in Ruegen F7-4 fruit. Anthocyanins isolated from petioles of YW5AF7 and Ruegen F-7 had the same HPLC-DAD profile, which differed from that of Ruegen F-7 fruit anthocyanins. All the anthocyanin structural genes except FvUGT1 were detected in petioles of YW5AF7 and Ruegen F-7. Taken together, these results indicate that the "yellow" gene in YW5AF7 is a fruit specific regulatory gene(s) for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Calcium can enhance accumulation of anthocyanins and total phenolics in fruit possibly via upregulation of anthocyanin structural genes. Our results also suggest that the anthocyanin biosynthesis machinery in petioles is different from that in fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS), 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS), 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Tianbao Yang
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS), 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Bruce Whitaker
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS), 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Luhong Huang
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS), 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service of U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service of U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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VOESENEK LACJ, VAN DER VEEN R. The role of phytohormones in plant stress: too much or too little water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1994.tb00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Eprintsev AT, Fedorin DN, Igamberdiev AU. Ca²⁺ is involved in phytochrome A-dependent regulation of the succinate dehydrogenase gene sdh1-2 in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:1349-1352. [PMID: 23711731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of transduction of the phytochrome signal regulating the expression of succinate dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis has been investigated. Using the phytochrome mutants of Arabidopsis, it is demonstrated that the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase in the light may result from the phytochrome A-dependent modulation of Ca²⁺ amount in the nuclear fraction of leaves. This leads to the activation of expression of the gene pif3 encoding the phytochrome-interacting factor PIF3, which binds to the promoter of the gene sdh1-2 encoding the SDHA subunit of succinate dehydrogenase and suppresses its expression. It is concluded that Ca²⁺ ions are involved in the phytochrome A-mediated inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase activity in the light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Eprintsev
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Physiology, Voronezh State University, 394006 Voronezh, Russia
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Poovaiah B, Du L, Wang H, Yang T. Recent advances in calcium/calmodulin-mediated signaling with an emphasis on plant-microbe interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:531-42. [PMID: 24014576 PMCID: PMC3793035 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.220780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-mediated signaling contributes in diverse roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huizhong Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–6414 (B.W.P., L.D.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, People’s Republic of China (L.D., H.W.); and
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (T.Y.)
| | - Tianbao Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164–6414 (B.W.P., L.D.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, People’s Republic of China (L.D., H.W.); and
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (T.Y.)
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Zhong W, Gao Z, Zhuang W, Shi T, Zhang Z, Ni Z. Genome-wide expression profiles of seasonal bud dormancy at four critical stages in Japanese apricot. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:247-64. [PMID: 23756818 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy is one of the most important adaptive mechanisms developed by perennial plants. To reveal the comprehensive mechanism of seasonal bud dormancy at four critical stages in Japanese apricot (Prunus persica), we applied Illumina sequencing to study differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the transcriptional level. As a result, 19,759, 16,375, 19,749 and 20,800 tag-mapped genes were sequenced from libraries of paradormancy (R1), endodormancy (R2), ecodormancy (R3) and dormancy release (R4) stages based on the P. persica genome. Moreover, 6,199, 5,539, and 5,317 genes were differentially expressed in R1 versus R2, R2 versus R3, and R3 versus R4, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis of dormancy-related genes showed that these were mainly related to the cytoplasm, cytoplasmic part metabolism, intracellular metabolism and membrane-bound organelle metabolism. Pathway-enrichment annotation revealed that highly ranked genes were involved in ribosome pathways and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. The results demonstrated that hormone response genes such as auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid, as well as zinc finger family protein genes are possibly involved in seasonal bud dormancy in Japanese apricot. The expression patterns of DEGs were verified using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. These results contribute to further understanding of the mechanism of bud dormancy in Japanese apricot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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Yang T, Peng H, Whitaker BD, Jurick WM. Differential expression of calcium/calmodulin-regulated SlSRs in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in tomato fruit. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 148:445-55. [PMID: 23368882 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium has been shown to enhance stress tolerance, maintain firmness and reduce decay in fruits. Previously we reported that seven tomato SlSRs encode calcium/calmodulin-regulated proteins, and that their expressions are developmentally regulated during fruit development and ripening, and are also responsive to ethylene. To study their expressions in response to stresses encountered during postharvest handling, tomato fruit at the mature-green stage was subjected to chilling and wounding injuries, infected with Botrytis cinerea and treated with salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate. Gene expression studies revealed that the seven SlSRs differentially respond to different stress signals. SlSR2 was the only gene upregulated by all the treatments. SlSR4 acted as a late pathogen-induced gene; it was upregulated by salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate, but downregulated by cold treatment. SlSR3L was cold- and wound-responsive and was also induced by salicylic acid. SlSR1 and SlSR1L were repressed by cold, wounding and pathogen infection, but were upregulated by salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate. Overall, results of these expression studies indicate that individual SlSRs have distinct roles in responses to the specific stress signals, and SlSRs may act as a coordinator(s) connecting calcium-mediated signaling with other stress signal transduction pathways during fruit ripening and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Yang
- Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Upadhyaya CP, Gururani MA, Prasad R, Verma A. A Cell Wall Extract from Piriformospora indica Promotes Tuberization in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Via Enhanced Expression of Ca+2 Signaling Pathway and Lipoxygenase Gene. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:743-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang TZ, Zhang JL, Tian QY, Zhao MG, Zhang WH. A Medicago truncatula EF-hand family gene, MtCaMP1, is involved in drought and salt stress tolerance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58952. [PMID: 23593126 PMCID: PMC3620156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium-binding proteins that contain EF-hand motifs have been reported to play important roles in transduction of signals associated with biotic and abiotic stresses. To functionally characterize genes of EF-hand family in response to abiotic stress, an MtCaMP1 gene belonging to EF-hand family from legume model plant Medicago truncatula was isolated and its function in response to drought and salt stress was investigated by expressing MtCaMP1 in Arabidopsis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings expressing MtCaMP1 exhibited higher survival rate than wild-type seedlings under drought and salt stress, suggesting that expression of MtCaMP1 confers tolerance of Arabidopsis to drought and salt stress. The transgenic plants accumulated greater amounts of Pro due to up-regulation of P5CS1 and down-regulation of ProDH than wild-type plants under drought stress. There was a less accumulation of Na(+) in the transgenic plants than in WT plants due to reduced up-regulation of AtHKT1 and enhanced regulation of AtNHX1 in the transgenic plants compared to WT plants under salt stress. There was a reduced accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde in the transgenic plants than in WT plants under both drought and salt stress. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The expression of MtCaMP1 in Arabidopsis enhanced tolerance of the transgenic plants to drought and salt stress by effective osmo-regulation due to greater accumulation of Pro and by minimizing toxic Na(+) accumulation, respectively. The enhanced accumulation of Pro and reduced accumulation of Na(+) under drought and salt stress would protect plants from water default and Na(+) toxicity, and alleviate the associated oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate that MtCaMP1 encodes a stress-responsive EF-hand protein that plays a regulatory role in response of plants to drought and salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Zuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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31
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Pandey N, Ranjan A, Pant P, Tripathi RK, Ateek F, Pandey HP, Patre UV, Sawant SV. CAMTA 1 regulates drought responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:216. [PMID: 23547968 PMCID: PMC3621073 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factors (TF) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and are fit to regulate diverse cellular processes by interacting with other proteins. A TF named calmodulin binding transcription activator (CAMTA) was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCAMTA1-6). To explore the role of CAMTA1 in drought response, the phenotypic differences and gene expression was studied between camta1 and Col-0 under drought condition. RESULTS In camta1, root development was abolished showing high-susceptibility to induced osmotic stress resulting in small wrinkled rosette leaves and stunted primary root. In camta1 under drought condition, we identified growth retardation, poor WUE, low photosystem II efficiency, decline in RWC and higher sensitivity to drought with reduced survivability. The microarray analysis of drought treated camta1 revealed that CAMTA1 regulates "drought recovery" as most indicative pathway along with other stress response, osmotic balance, apoptosis, DNA methylation and photosynthesis. Interestingly, majority of positively regulated genes were related to plasma membrane and chloroplast. Further, our analysis indicates that CAMTA1 regulates several stress responsive genes including RD26, ERD7, RAB18, LTPs, COR78, CBF1, HSPs etc. and promoter of these genes were enriched with CAMTA recognition cis-element. CAMTA1 probably regulate drought recovery by regulating expression of AP2-EREBP transcription factors and Abscisic acid response. CONCLUSION CAMTA1 rapidly changes broad spectrum of responsive genes of membrane integrity and photosynthetic machinery by generating ABA response for challenging drought stress. Our results demonstrate the important role of CAMTA1 in regulating drought response in Arabidopsis, thus could be genetically engineered for improving drought tolerance in crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pandey
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, INDIA
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Present address: Centre for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Poonam Pant
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, INDIA
| | - Rajiv K Tripathi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, INDIA
| | - Farha Ateek
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, INDIA
| | | | - Uday V Patre
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, INDIA
| | - Samir V Sawant
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, INDIA
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32
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Wang P, Li Z, Wei J, Zhao Z, Sun D, Cui S. A Na+/Ca2+ exchanger-like protein (AtNCL) involved in salt stress in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:44062-70. [PMID: 23148213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.351643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca(2+)) play a crucial role in many key physiological processes; thus, the maintenance of Ca(2+) homeostasis is of primary importance. Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers (NCXs) play an important role in Ca(2+) homeostasis in animal excitable cells. Bioinformatic analysis of the Arabidopsis genome suggested the existence of a putative NCX gene, Arabidopsis NCX-like (AtNCL), encoding a protein with an NCX-like structure and different from Ca(2+)/H(+) exchangers and Na(+)/H(+) exchangers previously identified in plant. AtNCL was identified to localize in the Arabidopsis cell membrane fraction, have the ability of binding Ca(2+), and possess NCX-like activity in a heterologous expression system of cultured mammalian CHO-K1 cells. AtNCL is broadly expressed in Arabidopsis, and abiotic stresses stimulated its transcript expression. Loss-of-function atncl mutants were less sensitive to salt stress than wild-type or AtNCL transgenic overexpression lines. In addition, the total calcium content in whole atncl mutant seedlings was higher than that in wild type by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The level of free Ca(2+) in the cytosol and Ca(2+) flux at the root tips of atncl mutant plants, as detected using transgenic aequorin and a scanning ion-selective electrode, required a longer recovery time following NaCl stress compared with that in wild type. All of these data suggest that AtNCL encodes a Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger-like protein that participates in the maintenance of Ca(2+) homeostasis in Arabidopsis. AtNCL may represent a new type of Ca(2+) transporter in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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Jaworski K, Pawełek A, Kopcewicz J, Szmidt-Jaworska A. The calcium-dependent protein kinase (PnCDPK1) is involved in Pharbitis nil flowering. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1578-85. [PMID: 22840323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Signaling pathways, and specifically the signaling pathway of calcium, have been widely implicated in the regulation of a variety of signals in plants. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are essential sensor-transducers of calcium signaling pathways, the functional characterization of which is of great interest because they play important roles during growth and in response to a wide range of environmental and developmental stimuli. Here, we report the first evidence of transient and specific elevation of PnCDPK1 transcript level and enzyme activity following conversion of a leaf bud to a flower bud, as well as participation of PnCDPK1 in evocation and flower morphogenesis in Pharbitis nil. Fluorescence microscopy immunolocalization and biochemical analysis confirmed the presence of CDPK in shoot apexes. The protein level was low in leaves, vegetative apexes and increased significantly in apexes after a flowering long-induction night. In the vegetative apex, a very weak PnCDPK1 protein signal was accumulated prominently in the zone of the ground meristem and in external layers of tissues of the cortex. After the dark treatment, the signal in cells of the ground meristem was still present, but a significantly stronger signal appeared in epidermal cells, cortex tissue, and leaf primordium. At the onset of flower meristem development, the PnCDPK1 level diverged significantly. PnCDPK1 mRNA, protein level and enzyme activity were very low at the beginning of flower bud development and gradually increased in later stages, reaching the highest level in a fully open flower. Analysis of flower organs revealed that PnCDPK1 was accumulated mainly in petals and sepals rather than in pistils and stamens. Our results clearly indicate that PnCDPK1 is developmentally regulated and may be an important component in the signal transduction pathways for flower morphogenesis. Findings from this research are important for further dissecting mechanisms of flowering and functions of CDPKs in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Jaworski
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina St. 9, PL 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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Qiu Y, Xi J, Du L, Poovaiah B. The function of calreticulin in plant immunity: new discoveries for an old protein. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:907-10. [PMID: 22827946 PMCID: PMC3474682 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Since its initial discovery as a high affinity Ca ( 2+) -binding protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), calreticulin (CRT) has been documented to be a multifunctional protein in both animal and plant cells. This protein is well recognized as a Ca ( 2+) -binding molecular chaperone that facilitates the folding of newly synthesized glycoproteins and regulates the Ca ( 2+) homeostasis in the ER lumen. However, functional relevance associated with its localization in other cellular compartments has also been reported. Recent studies suggest that both isoforms of plant CRTs (AtCRT1/2 and AtCRT3) are involved in regulating plant defense against biotrophic pathogens. Here we discuss the cellular functions of CRT and its connection to the emerging functions of AtCRTs in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Qiu
- Department of Horticulture; Washington State University; Pullman, WA USA
| | - Jing Xi
- Department of Horticulture; Washington State University; Pullman, WA USA
| | - Liqun Du
- Department of Horticulture; Washington State University; Pullman, WA USA
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - B.W. Poovaiah
- Department of Horticulture; Washington State University; Pullman, WA USA
- Correspondence to: B.W. Poovaiah,
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Molecular cloning, overexpression, and characterization of autophosphorylation in calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1) from Cicer arietinum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:3429-39. [PMID: 22760783 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In plants, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are key intermediates in calcium-mediated signaling that couple changes in Ca(2+) levels to a specific response. In the present study, we report the high-level soluble expression of calcium-dependent protein kinase1 from Cicer arietinum (CaCDPK1) in Escherichia coli. The expression of soluble CaCDPK1 was temperature dependent with a yield of 3-4 mg/l of bacterial culture. CaCDPK1 expressed as histidine-tag fusion protein was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography till homogeneity. The recombinant CaCDPK1 protein exhibited both calcium-dependent autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation activities with a V max and K m value of 13.2 nmol/min/mg and 34.3 μM, respectively, for histone III-S as substrate. Maximum autophosphorylation was seen only in the presence of calcium. Optimum temperature for autophosphorylation was found to be 37 °C. The recombinant protein showed optimum pH range of 6-9. The role of autophosphorylation in substrate phosphorylation was investigated using histone III-S as exogenous substrate. Our results show that autophosphorylation happens before substrate phosphorylation and it happens via intra-molecular mechanism as the activity linearly depends on enzyme concentrations. Autophosphorylation enhances the kinase activity and reduces the lag phase of activation, and CaCDPK1 can utilize both ATP and GTP as phosphodonor but ATP is preferred than GTP.
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Qiu Y, Xi J, Du L, Suttle JC, Poovaiah BW. Coupling calcium/calmodulin-mediated signaling and herbivore-induced plant response through calmodulin-binding transcription factor AtSR1/CAMTA3. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 79:89-99. [PMID: 22371088 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin (Ca(2+)/CaM) has long been considered a crucial component in wound signaling pathway. However, very few Ca(2+)/CaM-binding proteins have been identified which regulate plant responses to herbivore attack/wounding stress. We have reported earlier that a family of Ca(2+)/CaM-binding transcription factors designated as AtSRs (also known as AtCAMTAs) can respond differentially to wounding stress. Further studies revealed that AtSR1/CAMTA3 is a negative regulator of plant defense, and Ca(2+)/CaM-binding to AtSR1 is indispensable for the suppression of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and disease resistance. Here we report that Ca(2+)/CaM-binding is also critical for AtSR1-mediated herbivore-induced wound response. Interestingly, atsr1 mutant plants are more susceptible to herbivore attack than wild-type plants. Complementation of atsr1 mutant plants by overexpressing wild-type AtSR1 protein can effectively restore plant resistance to herbivore attack. However, when mutants of AtSR1 with impaired CaM-binding ability were overexpressed in atsr1 mutant plants, plant resistance to herbivore attack was not restored, suggesting a key role for Ca(2+)/CaM-binding in wound signaling. Furthermore, it was observed that elevated SA levels in atsr1 mutant plants have a negative impact on both basal and induced biosynthesis of jasmonates (JA). These results revealed that Ca(2+)/CaM-mediated signaling regulates plant response to herbivore attack/wounding by modulating the SA-JA crosstalk through AtSR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Qiu
- Molecular Plant Science, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6414, USA
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Reddy ASN, Ali GS, Celesnik H, Day IS. Coping with stresses: roles of calcium- and calcium/calmodulin-regulated gene expression. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:2010-32. [PMID: 21642548 PMCID: PMC3159525 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.084988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses are major limiting factors of crop yields and cause billions of dollars of losses annually around the world. It is hoped that understanding at the molecular level how plants respond to adverse conditions and adapt to a changing environment will help in developing plants that can better cope with stresses. Acquisition of stress tolerance requires orchestration of a multitude of biochemical and physiological changes, and most of these depend on changes in gene expression. Research during the last two decades has established that different stresses cause signal-specific changes in cellular Ca(2+) level, which functions as a messenger in modulating diverse physiological processes that are important for stress adaptation. In recent years, many Ca(2+) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM) binding transcription factors (TFs) have been identified in plants. Functional analyses of some of these TFs indicate that they play key roles in stress signaling pathways. Here, we review recent progress in this area with emphasis on the roles of Ca(2+)- and Ca(2+)/CaM-regulated transcription in stress responses. We will discuss emerging paradigms in the field, highlight the areas that need further investigation, and present some promising novel high-throughput tools to address Ca(2+)-regulated transcriptional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anireddy S N Reddy
- Department of Biology, Program in Molecular Plant Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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38
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Gupta V, Roy A, Tripathy BC. Signaling events leading to red-light-induced suppression of photomorphogenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:1788-1799. [PMID: 20823341 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Perception of red light (400 μmol photon m²/s) by the shoot bottom turned off the greening process in wheat. To understand the signaling cascade leading to this photomorphogenic response, certain signaling components were probed in seedlings grown in different light regimes. Upon analysis the gene expression of heterotrimeric Gα and Gβ were severely down-regulated in seedlings grown without vermiculite and having their shoot bottom exposed to red light (R/V-) and was similar to that of dark-grown seedlings. Supplementing the red-light-grown V- seedlings with blue light resulted in up-regulation of both Gα and Gβ expression, suggesting that blue light is able to modulate G protein expression. Treatment of cytokinin analog benzyladenine to cytokinin-deficient red-light-grown R/V- seedlings resulted in up-regulation of gene expression of both Gα and Gβ. To probe further, modulators of signal transduction pathway--AlF₃ (G protein activator), LaCl₃ (Ca(2+) channel blocker), NaF (nonspecific phosphatase inhibitor), or calmodulin (CaM) antagonists trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-nafthalene-sulfonamide (W-7)--were added along with Hoagland solution to the roots of 4-day-old etiolated seedlings, grown on germination paper and transferred to red light. AlF₃, LaCl₃, NaF failed to elicit any photomorphogenic response. However, CaM antagonists TFP and W-7 significantly reversed the red-light-induced suppression of photomorphogenesis. Phosphorylation of proteins assayed in the absence or presence of CaM antagonist TFP revealed respective up-regulation or down-regulation of phosphorylation of several plastidic proteins in R/V- seedlings. These suggest that signal transduction of red light perceived by the shoot bottom to suppress photomorphogenesis is mediated by CaM-dependent protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Gupta
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
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Yang T, Shad Ali G, Yang L, Du L, Reddy ASN, Poovaiah BW. Calcium/calmodulin-regulated receptor-like kinase CRLK1 interacts with MEKK1 in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2010; 5:991-4. [PMID: 20724845 PMCID: PMC3115177 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.8.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently we reported that CRLK1, a novel calcium/calmodulin-regulated receptor-like kinase plays an important role in regulating plant cold tolerance. Calcium/calmodulin binds to CRLK1 and upregulates its activity. Gene knockout and complementation studies revealed that CRLK1 is a positive regulator of plant response to chilling and freezing temperatures. Here we show that MEKK1, a member of MAP kinase kinase kinase family, interacts with CRLK1 both in vitro and in planta. The cold triggered MAP kinase activation in wild-type plants was abolished in crlk1 knockout mutants. Similarly, the cold induced expression levels of genes involved in MAP kinase signaling are also altered in crlk1 mutants. These results suggest that calcium/calmodulin-regulated CRLK1 modulates cold acclimation through MAP kinase cascade in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Yang
- Center for Integrated Biotechnology and Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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40
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Aurisano N, Bertani A, Reggiani R. Involvement of calcium and calmodulin in protein and amino acid metabolism in rice roots under anoxia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/11263509509440949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Aboul-Soud MAM, Aboul-Enein AM, Loake GJ. Nitric oxide triggers specific and dose-dependent cytosolic calcium transients in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2009; 4:191-6. [PMID: 19721746 PMCID: PMC2652525 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.3.8256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) transients have been shown to take place in response to diverse developmental and physiological cues. Also, it is involved in biotic and abiotic stress signaling. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, starting from germination to flowering, ripening of fruit and senescence of organs. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in several biotic and abiotic stress signaling processes. In the present work, the ability of NO to trigger increases in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) was investigated. For this purpose, transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings constitutively expressing the luminescent Ca(2+)-sensitive protein apoaequorin (35S::APOAEQUORIN) was employed. In chemiluminescence and in vivo Ca(2+) imaging assays, the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) triggered a strong, instantaneous, reproducible, and dose-dependent rise in [Ca(2+)](cyt). Moreover, the observed rise in [Ca(2+)](cyt) was shown to be NO-specific and not associated with decomposition products of SNP, as the NO-scavenger 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3 oxide (C-PTIO) significantly blunted the observed NO-mediated spike in [Ca(2+)](cyt). Interestingly, preincubation of 35S::APOAEQUORIN Arabidopsis seedlings with the plasma membrane channel blocker lanthanum chloride resulted in partial concentration-dependent blocking of the NO-specific Ca(2+) transient. This observation indicates that, in addition to the mobilization of [Ca(2+)](cyt), as an external source in response to NO treatment, there also exists an appreciable contribution of an as yet unidentified internal pool.
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Zhang L, Lavery L, Gill U, Gill K, Steffenson B, Yan G, Chen X, Kleinhofs A. A cation/proton-exchanging protein is a candidate for the barley NecS1 gene controlling necrosis and enhanced defense response to stem rust. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2009; 118:385-97. [PMID: 18956175 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-008-0910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We characterized three lesion mimic necS1 (necrotic Steptoe) mutants, induced by fast neutron (FN) treatment of barley cultivar Steptoe. The three mutants are recessive and allelic. When infected with Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici pathotypes MCC and QCC and P. graminis f. sp. secalis isolate 92-MN-90, all three mutants exhibited enhanced resistance compared to parent cultivar Steptoe. These results suggested that the lesion mimic mutants carry broad-spectrum resistance to stem rust. In order to identify the mutated gene responsible for the phenotype, transcript-based cloning was used. Two genes, represented by three Barley1 probesets (Contig4211_at and Contig4212_s_at, representing the same gene, and Contig10850_s_at), were deleted in all three mutants. Genetic analysis suggested that the lesion mimic phenotype was due to a mutation in one or both of these genes, named NecS1. Consistent with the increased disease resistance, all three mutants constitutively accumulated elevated transcript levels of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) has been developed as a virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) vector for monocots. We utilized BSMV-VIGS to demonstrate that silencing of the gene represented by Contig4211_at, but not Contig10850_s_at caused the necrotic lesion mimic phenotype on barley seedling leaves. Therefore, Contig4211_at is a strong candidate for the NecS1 gene, which encodes a cation/proton exchanging protein (HvCAX1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Elevation difference of Ca2+ levels in young leaf cells of bromegrass and induced cold-tolerant enhancement under different controlled chilling temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11632-008-0043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jiménez JA, Alonso-Ramírez A, Nicolás C. Two cDNA clones (FsDhn1 and FsClo1) up-regulated by ABA are involved in drought responses in Fagus sylvatica L. seeds. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 165:1798-1807. [PMID: 18343532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive clones (FsDhn1 and FsClo1) were isolated from a cDNA library of ABA-treated seeds of Fagus sylvatica L. FsDhn1 codes for type-II late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, also known as dehydrins. The corresponding transcripts were ABA-induced and expressed when seeds were artificially dried. FsClo1 codes for a caleosin, a calcium-binding protein. By expressing FsCLO1 as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli, we obtained biochemical evidence of its ability to bind calcium, a second messenger involved in ABA signaling. This cDNA clone is seed specific, shows a LEA expression pattern and is also induced by ABA and dehydration treatments. The relationship of both genes with seed responses to ABA is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Angel Jiménez
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Li C, Xie W, Bai W, Li Z, Zhao Y, Liu H. Calmodulin binds to maize lipid transfer protein and modulates its lipids binding ability. FEBS J 2008; 275:5298-308. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sharma SK, Millam S, Hedley PE, McNicol J, Bryan GJ. Molecular regulation of somatic embryogenesis in potato: an auxin led perspective. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 68:185-201. [PMID: 18553172 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Potato internodal segments (INS) treated with the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid can be induced to develop somatic embryos upon their transfer to an auxin-free medium, while the continuous presence of auxin in the medium suppresses the progression of embryogenically-induced somatic cells to embryos. We have employed these contrasting pathways, in combination with potato microarrays representing circa 10,000 genes, to profile global gene expression patterns during the progression of somatic embryogenesis in potato. The induction phase, characterised by the presence of auxin, was analysed by the direct comparison of RNA isolated from freshly excised (0 days) and embryogenically induced (14 days) INS explants. RNAs from embryo-forming (withdrawal of auxin after 14 days) and embryo-inhibitory (continuous presence of auxin) conditions, isolated over a range of time-points until the emergence of somatic embryos, were compared in a loop design to identify auxin responsive genes putatively involved in the process of somatic embryogenesis. A total of 402 transcripts were found to be showing significant differential expression patterns during somatic embryogenesis 'induction' phase, 524 during 'embryo-transition' phase, while 44 transcripts were common to both phases. Functional classification of these transcripts, using Gene Ontology vocabularies (molecular and biological), revealed that a significant proportion of transcripts were involved in processes which are more relevant to somatic embryogenesis such as apoptosis, development, reproduction, stress and signal transduction. This is the first study profiling global gene expression patterns during true somatic embryogenesis initiated from mature and completely differentiated explants and has enabled the description of stage-specific expression patterns of a large number of genes during potato somatic embryogenesis (PSE). The significance of the key identified genes during critical stages of somatic embryogenesis is discussed.
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Song WY, Zhang ZB, Shao HB, Guo XL, Cao HX, Zhao HB, Fu ZY, Hu XJ. Relationship between calcium decoding elements and plant abiotic-stress resistance. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4:116-25. [PMID: 18463716 PMCID: PMC2359902 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serving as an important second messenger, calcium ion has unique properties and universal ability to transmit diverse signals that trigger primary physiological actions in cells in response to hormones, pathogens, light, gravity, and stress factors. Being a second messenger of paramount significance, calcium is required at almost all stages of plant growth and development, playing a fundamental role in regulating polar growth of cells and tissues and participating in plant adaptation to various stress factors. Many researches showed that calcium signals decoding elements are involved in ABA-induced stomatal closure and plant adaptation to drought, cold, salt and other abiotic stresses. Calcium channel proteins like AtTPC1 and TaTPC1 can regulate stomatal closure. Recently some new studies show that Ca(2+) is dissolved in water in the apoplast and transported primarily from root to shoot through the transpiration stream. The oscillating amplitudes of [Ca(2+)](o) and [Ca(2+)](i) are controlled by soil Ca(2+) concentrations and transpiration rates. Because leaf water use efficiency (WUE) is determined by stomatal closure and transpiration rate, so there may be a close relationship between Ca(2+) transporters and stomatal closure as well as WUE, which needs to be studied. The selection of varieties with better drought resistance and high WUE plays an increasing role in bio-watersaving in arid and semi-arid areas on the globe. The current paper reviews the relationship between calcium signals decoding elements and plant drought resistance as well as other abiotic stresses for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Song
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic &Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
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Yang T, Du L, Poovaiah BW. Viewpoint: Concept of redesigning proteins by manipulating calcium/calmodulin-binding domains to engineer plants with altered traits. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2007; 34:343-352. [PMID: 32689361 DOI: 10.1071/fp06293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The importance of calcium and calcium-binding proteins such as calmodulin in plant growth and development as well as plant response to environmental stimuli has been recognised for some time. However, it is only recently that the underlying mechanisms have begun to be unravelled. A variety of intracellular calcium signatures have been observed in response to various stimuli. However, how these changes induce downstream actions and how one can manipulate these events to alter plant response is an area of major interest. Here we discuss the recent advances on three intriguing calcium/calmodulin-regulated proteins: a calcium/calmodulin-regulated metabolic enzyme (DWF1); a chimeric calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK); and a family of calcium/calmodulin-regulated transcription factors (AtSRs or CAMTAs). These proteins play critical roles in plant growth, plant : microbe interactions and plant response to multiple environmental signals. The identification and manipulation of calcium-binding and calmodulin-binding sites in these proteins have provided direct evidence for the role of calcium-binding and calmodulin-binding to the proteins, as well as providing new ways to rebuild the proteins and engineer plants to obtain desired traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Yang
- Center for Integrated Biotechnology and Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6414, USA
| | - Liqun Du
- Center for Integrated Biotechnology and Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6414, USA
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Yun HS, Joo SH, Kaufman PB, Kim TW, Kirakosyan A, Philosoph-Hadas S, Kim SK, Chang SC. Changes in starch and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate levels and auxin transport are interrelated in graviresponding oat (Avena sativa) shoots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2006; 29:2100-11. [PMID: 17081244 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to unravel a mechanism for the gravitropic curvature response in oat (Avena sativa) shoot pulvini. For this purpose, we examined the downward movement of starch-filled chloroplast gravisensors, differential changes in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) levels, transport of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gravitropic curvature. Upon gravistimulation, the ratio for IAA levels in lower halves versus those in upper halves (L/U) increased from 1.0 at 0 h and reached a maximum value of 1.45 at 8 h. When shoots were grown in the dark for 10 d, to deplete starch in the chloroplast, the gravity-induced L/U of IAA was reduced to 1.0. N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), both auxin transport inhibitors, significantly reduced the amount of gravitropic curvature and gravity-induced lateral IAA transport, but did not reduce the gravity-induced late change in the L/U ratio of IP(3) levels. U73122, a specific phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, decreased gravity-induced curvature. Because U73122 reduced the ratio of L/U of IAA imposed by gravistimulation, it is clear that IAA transport is correlated with changes in IP(3) levels upon gravistimulation. These results indicate that gravistimulation-induced differential lateral IAA transport may result from the onset of graviperception in the chloroplast gravisensors coupled with gravity-induced asymmetric changes in IP(3) levels in oat shoot pulvini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sup Yun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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GUAN JF, FAN XC, DOU SJ, ZHANG JS, LI GM. The Relationship Between Senescence and Ca2+-ATPase Activity of Microsomal Membrane and Lipid Peroxidation in Harvested Peach Fruit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(06)60100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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