1
|
Aldegunde-Louzao N, Lolo-Aira M, Herrero-Latorre C. Phthalate esters in clothing: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104457. [PMID: 38677495 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers to enhance the flexibility and durability of different consumer products, including clothing. However, concerns have been raised about the potential adverse health effects associated with the presence of phthalates in textiles, such as endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity and potential carcinogenicity. Based on examination of more than 120 published articles, this paper presents a comprehensive review of studies concerning the phthalate content in clothing and other textile products, with special emphasis on those conducted in the last decade (2014-2023). The types and role of PAEs as plasticizers, the relevant legislation in different countries (emphasizing the importance of monitoring PAE levels in clothing to protect consumer health) and the analytical methods used for PAE determination are critically evaluated. The review also discusses the models used to evaluate exposure to PAEs and the associated health risks. Finally, the study limitations and challenges related to determining the phthalate contents of textile products are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Aldegunde-Louzao
- Research Institute on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Analytical Chemistry Nutrition and Bromatology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, Lugo 27002, Spain.
| | - Manuel Lolo-Aira
- Applied Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (AMSlab), Avda. Benigno Rivera, 56, Lugo 27003, Spain.
| | - Carlos Herrero-Latorre
- Research Institute on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Analytical Chemistry Nutrition and Bromatology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, Lugo 27002, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Awad MA, Hammad SF, El-Mashtoly SF, El-Deeb B, Soliman HSM. Phytochemical and biological assessment of secondary metabolites isolated from a rhizosphere strain, Sphingomonas sanguinis DM of Datura metel. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:205. [PMID: 38796482 PMCID: PMC11128111 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant roots excrete a large number of organic compounds into the soil. The rhizosphere, a thin soil zone around the roots, is a hotspot for microbial activity, making it a crucial component of the soil ecosystem. Secondary metabolites produced by rhizospheric Sphingomonas sanguinis DM have sparked significant curiosity in investigating their possible biological impacts. METHODS A bacterial strain has been isolated from the rhizosphere of Datura metel. The bacterium's identification, fermentation, and working up have been outlined. The ethyl acetate fraction of the propagated culture media of Sphingomonas sanguinis DM was fractioned and purified using various chromatographic techniques. The characterization of the isolated compounds was accomplished through the utilization of various spectroscopic techniques, such as UV, MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR. Furthermore, the evaluation of their antimicrobial activity was conducted using the agar well diffusion method, while cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT test. RESULTS The extract from Sphingomonas sanguinis DM provided two distinct compounds: n-dibutyl phthalic acid (1) and Bis (2-methyl heptyl) phthalate (2) within its ethyl acetate fraction. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Sphingomonas sanguinis DM has been registered under the NCBI GenBank database with the accession number PP422198. The bacterial extract exhibited its effect against gram-positive bacteria, inhibiting Streptococcus mutans (12.6 ± 0.6 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (10.6 ± 0.6 mm) compared to standard antibiotics. Conversely, compound 1 showed a considerable effect against phytopathogenic fungi such as Alternaria alternate (56.3 ± 10.6 mm) and Fusarium oxysporum (21.3 ± 1.5 mm) with a MIC value of 17.5 µg/mL. However, it was slightly active against Klebsiella pneumonia (11.0 ± 1.0 mm). Furthermore, compound 2 was the most active metabolite, having a significant antimicrobial efficacy against Rhizoctonia solani (63.6 ± 1.1 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.7 ± 0.6 mm), and Alternaria alternate (20.3 ± 0.6 mm) with MIC value at 15 µg/mL. In addition, compound 2 exhibited the most potency against hepatocellular (HepG-2) and skin (A-431) carcinoma cell lines with IC50 values of 107.16 µg/mL and 111.36 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION Sphingomonas sanguinis DM, a rhizosphere bacterium of Datura metel, was studied for its phytochemical and biological characteristics, resulting in the identification of two compounds with moderate antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Awad
- Biotechnology Program, Institute of Basic and Applied Science, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Sherif F Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
- PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Samir F El-Mashtoly
- Biotechnology Program, Institute of Basic and Applied Science, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Bahig El-Deeb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Hesham S M Soliman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
- PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saboon, Iqbal A, Bibi Y, Afzal T, Sher A, Qayyum A, Akmal M, Almoallim HS, Ansari MJ, Zeng Y. GC-MS based antioxidants characterization in Saussurea heteromalla (D. Don) Hand-Mazz by inhibition of nitric oxide generation in macrophages. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10145. [PMID: 38698070 PMCID: PMC11065987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
For centuries, medicinal plants have served as the cornerstone for traditional health care systems and same practice is still prevalent today. In the Himalayan region, Saussurea heteromalla holds a significant place in traditional medicine and is used to address various health issues. Despite its historical use, little exploration has focused on its potential for scavenging free radicals and reducing inflammation. Hence, our current study aims to investigate the free radical scavenging capabilities of S. heteromalla extracts. The n-hexane extract of entire plant revealed promising activity. This extract underwent extensive extraction on a larger scale. Subsequent purification, employing column chromatography, HPLC-DAD techniques, led to the identification of active compounds, confirmed via GC-MS and the NIST database as 1-O-butyl 2-O-octyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate and 2,4-ditert-butylphenol. Assessing the free radical scavenging properties involved utilizing RAW-264.7 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharides. Notably, the compound 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol exhibited remarkable scavenging abilities, demonstrating over 80% inhibition of Nitric oxide. This study stands as the inaugural report on the isolation of these compounds from S. heteromalla.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saboon
- Department of Botany, Women University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Asia Iqbal
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - Yamin Bibi
- Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
| | - Tayyiba Afzal
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Kozuchowska 5b, PL 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ahmad Sher
- Institute of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Akmal
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Hesham S Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box-60169, 11545, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Bareilly, 244001, India
| | - Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650205, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee S, Ye Q, Yang H, Lee S, Kim Y, Lee N, Gonzalez-Cox D, Yi DK, Kim SY, Choi S, Choi T, Kim MS, Hong SS, Choi CW, Lee Y, Park YH. Aiouea padiformis extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the ATPase activity of NLRP3. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5237. [PMID: 38433281 PMCID: PMC10909851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is implicated as a cause in many diseases. Most of the anti-inflammatory agents in use are synthetic and there is an unmet need for natural substance-derived anti-inflammatory agents with minimal side effects. Aiouea padiformis belongs to the Lauraceae family and is primarily found in tropical regions. While some members of the Aiouea genus are known to possess anti-inflammatory properties, the anti-inflammatory properties of Aiouea padiformis extract (AP) have not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory function of AP through the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Treatment with AP inhibited the secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome in J774A.1 and THP-1 cells without affecting the viability. In addition, AP treatment did not influence NF-κB signaling, potassium efflux, or intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production-all of which are associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, intriguingly, AP treatment significantly reduced the ATPase activity of NLRP3, leading to the inhibition of ASC oligomerization and speck formation. Consistent with cellular experiments, the anti-inflammatory property of AP in vivo was also evaluated using an LPS-induced inflammation model in zebrafish, demonstrating that AP hinders NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Qianying Ye
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyun Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - YeJi Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Lee
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Darwin Gonzalez-Cox
- Herbarium of National Autonomous University of Nicaragua at Leon, Leon, 21000, Nicaragua
| | - Dong-Keun Yi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Choi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Man S Kim
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su Hong
- Natural Product Research Team, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Whan Choi
- Natural Product Research Team, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iqbal R, Azhar I, Akhtar MF, Mahmood ZA, Hamid I, Saleem A, Basheer E, El-Saber Batiha G, El-Gazzar AM, Mahmoud MH. Combination therapy with Hordeum vulgare, Elettaria cardamomum, and Cicer arietinum exhibited anti-diabetic potential through modulation of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26126. [PMID: 38384558 PMCID: PMC10879019 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly-herbal therapies for chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM) have been practiced in south Asia for centuries. One of such therapies comprises of Hordeum vulgare, Elettaria cardamomum and Cicer arietinum that have shown encouraging therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Therefore, poly-herbal granules (PHGs) of this formula were developed and investigated for their anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential in obese-diabetic rats. The developed PHGs were chemical characterized and the virtual molecular docking was performed by Discovery studio visualizer (DSV) software. For in-vivo experiment, obesity in rats was induced with high-fat high-sugar diet. After that, diabetes was induced by alloxan monohydrate 150 mg/kg i.p. injection. The diseased rats were treated with PHGs at 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg/day for four weeks. GC-MS analysis of PHGs demonstrated the presence of 1,3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid di-isooctyl ester and phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl). Molecular docking of these compounds demonstrated higher binding energies with receptor than metformin against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. PHGs exhibited a decline in body weight, HbA1c, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance in diseased rats. The histopathological examination revealed that PHGs improved the alloxan-induced damage to the pancreas. Furthermore, PHGs increased the SOD, CAT and GSH while and the decreased the level of MDA in the liver, kidney and pancreas of diseased rats. Additionally, the PHGs had significantly downregulated the TNF-α and NF-κB while upregulated the expression of NrF-2. The current study demonstrated that the PHGs exhibited anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential through amelioration of oxidative stress, NF-κB, TNF-α, and NrF-2 due to the presence of different phytochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azhar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Alam Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Hamid
- Cadson College of Pharmacy, Kharian, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ejaz Basheer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El-Gazzar
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, college of science, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elhoseny MMM, El-Didamony SE, Atwa WAA, Althoqapy AA, Gouda HIA. New insights into changing honey bee (Apis mellifera) immunity molecules pattern and fatty acid esters, in responses to Ascosphaera apis infection. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 202:108028. [PMID: 38065241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring of metabolite changes could provide valuable insights into disturbances caused by an infection and furthermore, could be used to define the status of an organism as healthy or diseased and define what could be defensive elements against the infection. The present investigation conducted a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for haemolymph of larval honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) infected with the fungal pathogen Ascosphaera apis in comparison with control haemolymph non-infected insects. Results revealed that the pathogen caused a general disturbance of metabolites detected in the haemolymph of the honey bee. The majority of metabolites identified before and after infection were fatty acid esters. The disease caused an elevation in levels of methyl oleate, methyl palmitate, and methyl stearate, respectively. Further, the disease drove to the disappearance of methyl palmitoleate, and methyl laurate. Conversely, methyl linolelaidate, and ethyl oleate were identified only in infected larvae. A high reduction in diisooctyl phthalate was recorded after the infection. Interestingly, antimicrobial activities were confirmed for haemolymph of infected honey bee larvae. In spite of the presence of some previously known bioactive compounds in healthy larvae there were no antimicrobial activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manar M M Elhoseny
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Samia E El-Didamony
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Wedad A A Atwa
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Azza A Althoqapy
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls (FMG), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hend I A Gouda
- Honey Bee Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Manoharan M, Ragothaman P, Balasubramanian TS. Initiation of Apoptotic Pathway by the Cell-Free Supernatant Synthesized from Weissella cibaria Through In-Silico and In-Vitro Methods. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04688-3. [PMID: 37751008 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer. Even though multiple treatments such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are available, the adverse effects caused in patients seem remarkable. Therefore, the current work was deliberated to prepare the metabolites (cell-free supernatant-CFS) from Weissella cibaria RK-3-1 to conduct in-silico and in-vitro-based anticancer assays. First, the active biomolecules present in the CFS were screened using a GC-MS analyzer. In addition, in-silico-based pharmacokinetic and docking studies were performed to confirm the anticancer potential of metabolites. In-silico results suggested that the bioactive compounds such as filicinic acid, dibutyl phthalate, and 4H-pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl present in CFS possessed significant molecular docking interactions with anticancer hub proteins. Furthermore, in-vitro results displayed the inhibition of cell proliferation in HT-29 cells at an IC50 value of 22.5 ± 1.3 µg/ml with the least significant effect on HEK-293 cell lines. Moreover, bacterial metabolites-controlled cell proliferation during the cell cycle's synthesis phase (S). Furthermore, the gene expression results confirm the increased expression of Bad, Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3, and cytochrome-C genes involved in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Hence, our findings from the in-silico and the in-vitro study confirm the anticancer potential of cell free-supernatant synthesized by W. cibaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manovina Manoharan
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science for Women, Coimbatore, 641006, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Thamarai Selvi Balasubramanian
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science for Women, Coimbatore, 641006, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yasmin F, Nazli ZIH, Shafiq N, Aslam M, Bin Jardan YA, Nafidi HA, Bourhia M. Plant-Based Bioactive Phthalates Derived from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis: As In Vitro and In Silico Enzyme Inhibition. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32677-32689. [PMID: 37720793 PMCID: PMC10500580 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is an attractive, ever-blossoming, and effortlessly available plant around the globe. The fabulous flowers of H. rosa-sinensis enjoy a significant status in folk medicine throughout the world and comprise a range of phyto constituents due to which this splendid flower owns numerous biological and pharmaceutical activities like antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antidiabetic, and antifertility activity. Considering this, column chromatographic isolation of the phytoconstituents of ethyl acetate fraction of the flowers of H. rosa-sinensis was performed. A series of five phthalates including Di-n-octyl phthalate (HR1), ditridecyl phthalate (HR2), 1-allyl 2-ethyl phthalate (HR3), diethyl phthalate (HR4), and bis (6-methylheptyl) phthalate (HR5) were isolated. The structures of the isolated phthalates were elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. In silico and in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant potential and DFT studies of isolated phthalates were carried out. In our study, isolated ligands were explored as potent antidiabetic as well as antioxidant agents as they exhibited good binding affinity (in in vitro and in silico experiments) against all selected protein targets. Compounds HR1-HR5 showed that the binding affinity value ranged from -5.9 to -5.2 kcal/mol, -5.5 to -4.3 kcal/mol, and -5.0 to -4.1 kcal/mol for target proteins 1HNY, 2I3Y, and 5O40, respectively. Among all isolated phthalates, HR5 can be a lead compound as it showed the best binding affinity with human pancreatic α-amylase (ΔG = -5.9 kcal/mol) and displayed a minimum inhibition concentration (IC50) of 11.69 μM among all phthalates. Compound HR1 was the best docked and scored compound for inhibiting glutathione peroxidase; however, HR2 possessed the lowest binding score of -5.0 kcal/mol, thus indicating the highest potential among isolated phthalates for inhibiting the superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, the top-ranked docked ligand-protein complex for each protein was assessed for stability of protein and complex mobility by molecular dynamics simulation using the IMOD server.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Yasmin
- Synthetic
and Natural Products Discovery (SNPD) Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zill-i-Huma Nazli
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Shafiq
- Synthetic
and Natural Products Discovery (SNPD) Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Aslam
- Green
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, P.O. Box, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department
of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City G1 V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune 70000, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shumilina E, Skavang PK, Dikiy A. Application of NMR spectroscopy for the detection and quantification of phthalic acid in fish muscles: The case of Atlantic Cod from Norwegian Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 188:105973. [PMID: 37062112 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic litter might contain phthalates that can be transferred to marine environment or can be introduced into the marine food chain. Phthalic acid is the final product of phthalate decomposition in marine organisms. Here we used NMR spectroscopy to determine and quantify phthalic acid and dimethyl phthalate in fish muscles. Spike-and-recovery experiments were carried out to confirm assignment of phthalates resonance signals in NMR spectra and to evaluate the method specificity, accuracy, and linearity. The LOQ and LOD of the rapid 1H NMR experiment with a standard setting were respectively 23.0 and 8.0 mg of phthalic acid in kg of fish muscles. Phthalic acid was detected in 13 out of 113 Atlantic cod and none in farmed Atlantic salmon from Norwegian sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shumilina
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saalandsvei, 6-8, 163, 7034, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Pernille Kristiane Skavang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saalandsvei, 6-8, 163, 7034, Trondheim, Norway; SINTEF Ocean, Brattørkaia 17C, 7010, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexander Dikiy
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saalandsvei, 6-8, 163, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hanif A, Ibrahim AH, Ismail S, Al-Rawi SS, Ahmad JN, Hameed M, Mustufa G, Tanwir S. Cytotoxicity against A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell Line via the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Nuclear Condensation Effects of Nepeta paulsenii Briq., a Perennial Herb. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062812. [PMID: 36985784 PMCID: PMC10054104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Nepeta belongs to the largest Lamiaceae family, with 300 species, which are distributed throughout the various regions of Africa, Asia, India, and America. Along with other plant families distinguished by their medicinal and therapeutic values, the Nepeta genus of Lameaceae remains relatively valuable. Hence, the phytochemicals of N. paulsenii Briq. were extracted using different plant parts, i.e., leaves, stem, roots, flowers, and the whole plant by using various solvents (ethanol, water, and ethyl acetate), obtaining 15 fractions. Each extract of dried plant material was analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS to identify the chemical constituents. The cytotoxicity of each fraction was analyzed by MTT assay and mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear condensation assays against lung cancer cells. Among the ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts, the flowers showed the best results, with IC50 values of 51.57 μg/mL and 50.58 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, among the water extracts of the various plant segments, the stem showed the best results, with an IC50 value of 123.80 μg/mL. 5-flourouracil was used as the standard drug, providing an IC50 value of 83.62 μg/mL. The Hoechst 33342 stain results indicated apoptotic features, i.e., chromatin dissolution and broken down, fragmented, and crescent-shaped nuclei. The ethanolic extracts of the flowers showed more pronounced apoptotic effects on the cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential indicated that rhodamine 123 fluorescence signals suppressed mitochondrial potential due to the treatment with the extracts. Again, the apoptotic index of the ethanolic extract of the flowers remained the highest. Hence it can be concluded that the flower part of N. paulsenii Briq. was found to be the most active against the A459 human lung cancer cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Hanif
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad H Ibrahim
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, 100mt. St., Near Baz Interaction, Erbil 44001, KRG, Iraq
| | - Sidra Ismail
- Incharge Health Officer, BHU 418 GB, Faisalabad 37150, Pakistan
| | - Sawsan S Al-Rawi
- Biology Education Department, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, 100mt. St., Near Baz Interaction, Erbil 44001, KRG, Iraq
| | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustufa
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samina Tanwir
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zare A, Afshar A, Khoradmehr A, Baghban N, Mohebbi G, Barmak A, Daneshi A, Bargahi A, Nabipour I, Almasi-Turk S, Arandian A, Zibaii MI, Latifi H, Tamadon A. Chemical Compositions and Experimental and Computational Modeling of the Anticancer Effects of Cnidocyte Venoms of Jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda and Catostylus mosaicus on Human Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030168. [PMID: 36976217 PMCID: PMC10057638 DOI: 10.3390/md21030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, major attention is being paid to curing different types of cancers and is focused on natural resources, including oceans and marine environments. Jellyfish are marine animals with the ability to utilize their venom in order to both feed and defend. Prior studies have displayed the anticancer capabilities of various jellyfish. Hence, we examined the anticancer features of the venom of Cassiopea andromeda and Catostylus mosaicus in an in vitro situation against the human pulmonary adenocarcinoma (A549) cancer cell line. The MTT assay demonstrated that both mentioned venoms have anti-tumoral ability in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis proved that both venoms can increase some pro-apoptotic factors and reduce some anti-apoptotic molecules that lead to the inducing of apoptosis in A549 cells. GC/MS analysis demonstrated some compounds with biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic showed the best position of each biologically active component on the different death receptors, which are involved in the process of apoptosis in A549 cells. Ultimately, this study has proven that both venoms of C. andromeda and C. mosaicus have the capability to suppress A549 cells in an in vitro condition and they might be utilized in order to design and develop brand new anticancer agents in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Zare
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 75, Iran
| | - Alireza Afshar
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 75, Iran
- PerciaVista R&D Co., Shiraz 73, Iran
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 73, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 73, Iran
| | - Neda Baghban
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 73, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Mohebbi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 73, Iran
| | - Alireza Barmak
- Food Lab, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 73, Iran
| | - Adel Daneshi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 73, Iran
| | - Afshar Bargahi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 73, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 73, Iran
| | - Sahar Almasi-Turk
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 73, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.A.-T.); (A.T.); Tel.: +98-77-3332-0657 (S.A.-T.); +98-21-2842-6122 (A.T.)
| | - Alireza Arandian
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 11, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 11, Iran
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 11, Iran
| | - Amin Tamadon
- PerciaVista R&D Co., Shiraz 73, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.A.-T.); (A.T.); Tel.: +98-77-3332-0657 (S.A.-T.); +98-21-2842-6122 (A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Potential of Helminthosporin from Rumex abyssiniscus Jacq. Discovered as a Novel Source of Syringic Acid and Bis(2-ethyloctyl) Phthalate. Curr Microbiol 2022; 80:7. [PMID: 36445554 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rumex abyssinicus Jacq. is a perennial medicinal herb widely used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases. Phytochemicals of the plant were isolated using column chromatography and thin layer chromatography techniques. Extract, fractions and pure compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity against sensitive and multi-drug resistant microbes and their cytotoxicity was performed on different cancer cell lines. The mechanism of action of purified helminthosporin as well as the potent fraction containing a mixture of two compounds was assessed. Fraction R7C3 was the most potent antibacterial with the lowest MIC value of 0.12 µg/mL. Helminthosporin was the most potent compound with the lowest MIC value of 1.95 µg/mL. The compound was more potent than the antibiotic chloramphenicol against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria with MIC equal to 16 µg/mL. The fraction and helminthosporin were shown to destroy the cell wall of the yeast and bacteria, and DNA fragmentation effect on the genome of Candida albicans and Bacillus cereus. Helminthosporin was the most cytotoxic compound with IC50 ˂ 10 µM. Fraction R7C3 showed the most potent cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines, with IC50 ranging from ˂1 to 4.35 ng/mL. Our study is the first report on the mechanism of action of helminthosporin, a potent candidate in the development of new drugs against multi-resistant bacteria and cancer cells. In addition, this study uncovered Rumex abyssinicus as a new source of syringic acid and bis(2-ethyloctyl) phthalate.
Collapse
|
13
|
Salem SH, El-Maraghy SS, Abdel-Mallek AY, Abdel-Rahman MAA, Hassanein EHM, Al-Bedak OA, El-Aziz FEZAA. The antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and wound healing properties of ethyl acetate crude extract of an endophytic fungus Paecilomyces sp. (AUMC 15510) in earthworm model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19239. [PMID: 36357560 PMCID: PMC9649741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endophytic fungus Paecilomyces sp. (AUMC 15510) was isolated from healthy stem samples of the Egyptian medicinal plant Cornulaca monacantha. We used GC-MS and HPLC analysis to identify the bioactive constituents of ethyl acetate crude extract of Paecilomyces sp. (PsEAE). Six human microbial pathogens have been selected to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of PsEAE. Our data showed that the extract has significant antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens. However, the best inhibitory effect was observed against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 90274 with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.9 μg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 15.6 μg/ml, for both pathogens. Also, PsEAE exerts a significant inhibition on the biofilm formation of the previously mentioned pathogenic strains. In addition, we evaluated the wound healing efficiency of PsEAE on earthworms (Lumbricus castaneus) as a feasible and plausible model that mimics human skin. Interestingly, PsEAE exhibited a promising wound healing activity and enhanced wound closure. In conclusion, Paecilomyces sp. (AUMC 15510) could be a sustainable source of antimicrobial agents and a potential therapeutic target for wound management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa H. Salem
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XFungal Physiology Laboratory, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Saad S. El-Maraghy
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XFungal Physiology Laboratory, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y. Abdel-Mallek
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XMycology Laboratory, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. A. Abdel-Rahman
- grid.418376.f0000 0004 1800 7673Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza Egypt
| | - Emad H. M. Hassanein
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Osama A. Al-Bedak
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XAssiut University Mycological Centre (AUMC), Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vijayaram S, Sun YZ, Zuorro A, Ghafarifarsani H, Van Doan H, Hoseinifar SH. Bioactive immunostimulants as health-promoting feed additives in aquaculture: A review. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:294-308. [PMID: 36100067 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive immunostimulants could be derived from different sources like plants, animals, microbes, algae, yeast, etc. Bioactive immunostimulants are the most significant role to enhance aquatic production, as well as the cost of this method, which is effective, non-toxic, and environment-friendly. These immunostimulants are supportive to increase the immune system, growth, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and disease resistance of aquatic animals' health and also improve aquatic animal feed. Diseases are mainly targeted to the immune system of aquatic organisms in such a way that different processes of bioactive immunostimulants progress are considered imperative techniques for the development of aquaculture production. Communicable infections are the main problem for aquaculture, while the mortality and morbidity connected with some outbreaks significantly limit the productivity of some sectors. Aquaculture is considered the mainly developing food production sector globally. Protein insists is an important issue in human nutrition. Aquaculture has been an exercise for thousands of years, and it has now surpassed capture fisheries as the most vital source of seafood in the world. Limited study reports are available to focal point on bioactive immunostimulants in aquaculture applications. This review report provides information on the nutritional administration of bioactive immunostimulants, their types, functions, and beneficial impacts on aquatic animals' health as well as for the feed quality development in the aquaculture industry. The scope of this review combined to afford various kinds of natural derived bioactive molecules utilization and their beneficial effects in aquaculture applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seerengaraj Vijayaram
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; Department of Environmental Studies, School of Energy Environment and Natural Resources, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Antonio Zuorro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar A, Kaur S, Dhiman S, Singh PP, Bhatia G, Thakur S, Tuli HS, Sharma U, Kumar S, Almutary AG, Alnuqaydan AM, Hussain A, Haque S, Dhama K, Kaur S. Targeting Akt/NF-κB/p53 Pathway and Apoptosis Inducing Potential of 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid, Bis (2-Methyl Propyl) Ester Isolated from Onosma bracteata Wall. against Human Osteosarcoma (MG-63) Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113478. [PMID: 35684419 PMCID: PMC9182111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Onosma bracteata Wall. is an important medicinal and immunity-enhancing herbs. This plant is commonly used in the preparation of traditional Ayurvedic drugs to treat numerous diseases. Inspired by the medicinal properties of this plant, the present study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative potential and the primary molecular mechanisms of the apoptotic induction against human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells. Among all the fractions isolated from O. bracteata, ethyl acetate fraction (Obea) showed good antioxidant activity in superoxide radical scavenging assay and lipid peroxidation assay with an EC50 value of 95.12 and 80.67 µg/mL, respectively. Silica gel column chromatography of ethyl acetate (Obea) fraction of O. bracteata yielded a pure compound, which was characterized by NMR, FTIR, and HR-MS analysis and was identified as 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methyl propyl) ester (BDCe fraction). BDCe fraction was evaluated for the antiproliferative potential against human osteosarcoma MG-63, human neuroblastoma IMR-32, and human lung carcinoma A549 cell lines by MTT assay and exhibited GI50 values of 37.53 μM, 56.05 μM, and 47.12 μM, respectively. In Mg-63 cells, the BDCe fraction increased the level of ROS and simultaneously decreased the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) potential by arresting cells at the G0/G1 phase, suggesting the initiation of apoptosis. Western blotting analysis revealed the upregulation of p53, caspase3, and caspase9 while the expressions of p-NF-κB, p-Akt and Bcl-xl were decreased. RT-qPCR studies also showed upregulation in the expression of p53 and caspase3 and downregulation in the expression of CDK2, Bcl-2 and Cyclin E genes. Molecular docking analysis displayed the interaction between BDCe fraction with p53 (−151.13 kcal/mol) and CDK1 (−133.96 kcal/mol). The results of the present work suggest that the BDCe fraction has chemopreventive properties against osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via Akt/NF-κB/p53 pathways. This study contributes to the understanding of the utilization of BDCe fraction in osteosarcoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sukhvinder Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; (S.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Prithvi Pal Singh
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India; (P.P.S.); (U.S.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Government Medical College and Hospital Chamba, Chamba 176310, India;
| | - Sharad Thakur
- Biotechnology Division, COVID-19 Project, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India;
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India;
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India; (P.P.S.); (U.S.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; (S.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Abdulmajeed G. Almutary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52266, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (A.G.A.); or (S.K.)
| | - Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52266, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai Campus, Dubai 345050, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Görükle Campus, 16059 Nilüfer, Turkey
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India;
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; (A.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.A.); or (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Biochemical and structural characterization of an aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase for terephthalic acid catabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121426119. [PMID: 35312352 PMCID: PMC9060491 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121426119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceMore than 400 million tons of plastic waste is produced each year, the overwhelming majority of which ends up in landfills. Bioconversion strategies aimed at plastics have emerged as important components of enabling a circular economy for synthetic plastics, especially those that exhibit chemically similar linkages to those found in nature, such as polyesters. The enzyme system described in this work is essential for mineralization of the xenobiotic components of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in the biosphere. Our description of its structure and substrate preferences lays the groundwork for in vivo or ex vivo engineering of this system for PET upcycling.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ntemafack A, Ahmed S, Kumar A, Chouhan R, Kapoor N, Bharate SB, Hassan QP, Gandhi SG. Plant growth promoting potential of butyl isobutyl phthalate and Streptomyces sp. from Rumex dentatus on rice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2603-2617. [PMID: 35262787 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple foods consumed in many countries of the world. It is mostly consumed in developing countries where different chemical fertilizers are used to improve the productivity of the crop plant. In the present study, endophytic actinomycetes isolated from Rumex dentatus were identified morphologically and by scanning electron microscopy. Butyl isobutyl phthalate (BIBP) was isolated from the root endophyte Streptomyces sp. JR9 using column chromatography and HPLC methods. The compound was tested for its effect on rice seed germination. BIBP, extracts, and isolates were evaluated for their plant growth effect on rice in a growth chamber. Isolates were also screened in vitro for phosphate solubilization activity and enzyme production. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and BIBP produced in extracts were quantified and detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods, respectively. BIBP was found to increase the germination of rice seeds by 6 to 12% in treated samples and displayed potent effect at lowest concentration (0.437 µM). Both the compound and the extract depicted significant increases in almost all growth parameters at lowest concentration of 0.125 µg/mL and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. BIBP also increased significantly shoot length, fresh root, fresh shoot, and dried shoot weight at high concentrations and was more potent than the standard phytohormone IAA. HPLC quantification showed 7.952 µg/mg and 0.371 µg/mg of IAA in extracts of Streptomyces sp. JR9 and the stem endophyte Streptomyces sp. KS3, respectively. IAA containing extract of JR9 increased significantly most growth parameters at lowest concentration (125 µg/mL). The extract of KS3 depicted significant increases in almost all growth parameters at high concentration (500 µg/mL). Our investigation showed that streptomycetes isolated from R. dentatus and BIBP are potent growth promoting agents and can be used in agriculture as bio-fertilizer to improve the growth and productivity of rice. KEY POINTS: • Butyl isobutyl phthalate (BIBP) isolated from endophytic Streptomyces sp. JR9 is a potent rice seed germination activator and promotes significantly the growth of rice • Isolated endophytes showed the ability to produce enzymes and phytohormone IAA • Isolates enhanced significantly the growth of rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Ntemafack
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India. .,Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
| | - Sajad Ahmed
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Rekha Chouhan
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Nitika Kapoor
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Qazi Parvaiz Hassan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, India.
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Joghee S, Kalarikkal SP, Sundaram GM, Durai Ananda Kumar T, Chidambaram SB. Chemical profiling and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of bioactive fraction(s) from Trichodesma indicum (L.) R.Br. against LPS induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114235. [PMID: 34044081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br. (family: Boraginaceae) is a medicinal herb largely used to treat arthralgia, rheumatoid arthritis, wound healing, dysentery, etc. It's mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity has not been systematically analyzed yet. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of successive solvent extracts (n-hexane extract (HE), ethyl acetate extract (EA), ethanol extract (EE), aqueous extract (AE) and fractions of HE) from the aerial parts of Trichodesma indicum (TI) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated inflammatory reaction using mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxic effects of the extracts and fractions of TI were assessed by MTT assay. The effect of extracts and fractions on the production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 macrophages were measured using the Griess reagent method. IL - 6, IL - 1β, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2 gene expressions were examined by a qRT-PCR method. RESULTS RAW 264.7 macrophages pretreated with HE, EA, EE and AE of TI showed a significant decrease in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and NO without exhibiting cytotoxicity. The potent HE was fractionated using flash chromatography into FA, FB, FC, FD and FE. Among the five fractions, FE displayed a stronger ability to reduce IL - 1β, TNF-α, iNOS, COX2 and NO importantly no cytotoxicity was observed. The phytochemical compounds present in FE were further screened by Gas chromatography - Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis revealed that 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester is the major compound in FE. Molecular docking analysis showed good inhibition of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester against TLR-4, NIK and TACE. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester could be a potential candidate in alleviating inflammatory reactions in TI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Joghee
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sreeram P Kalarikkal
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Cheluvamba Mansion, Mysore-570020, Karnataka, India.
| | - Gopinath M Sundaram
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Cheluvamba Mansion, Mysore-570020, Karnataka, India.
| | - T Durai Ananda Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang L, Zhu X, Zhou S, Cheng Z, Shi K, Zhang C, Shao H. Phthalic Acid Esters: Natural Sources and Biological Activities. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070495. [PMID: 34357967 PMCID: PMC8310026 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a class of lipophilic chemicals widely used as plasticizers and additives to improve various products' mechanical extensibility and flexibility. At present, synthesized PAEs, which are considered to cause potential hazards to ecosystem functioning and public health, have been easily detected in the atmosphere, water, soil, and sediments; PAEs are also frequently discovered in plant and microorganism sources, suggesting the possibility that they might be biosynthesized in nature. In this review, we summarize that PAEs have not only been identified in the organic solvent extracts, root exudates, and essential oils of a large number of different plant species, but also isolated and purified from various algae, bacteria, and fungi. Dominant PAEs identified from natural sources generally include di-n-butyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, etc. Further studies reveal that PAEs can be biosynthesized by at least several algae. PAEs are reported to possess allelopathic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and other biological activities, which might enhance the competitiveness of plants, algae, and microorganisms to better accommodate biotic and abiotic stress. These findings suggest that PAEs should not be treated solely as a "human-made pollutant" simply because they have been extensively synthesized and utilized; on the other hand, synthesized PAEs entering the ecosystem might disrupt the metabolic process of certain plant, algal, and microbial communities. Therefore, further studies are required to elucidate the relevant mechanisms and ecological consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.S.)
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xunzhi Zhu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Shixing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Kai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Hua Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.H.); (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.S.)
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pournejati R, Gust R, Sagasser J, Kircher B, Jöhrer K, Ghanbari MM, Karbalaei-Heidari HR. In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic effects of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) produced by Bacillus velezensis strain RP137 isolated from Persian Gulf. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105148. [PMID: 33737048 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used in polymer science and have potential toxicity related to their chemical structures. However, lots of evidence indicate that phthalate derivatives are undoubtedly produced as secondary metabolites by organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. In the present study, Bacillus velezensis strain RP137 was cultured under optimized conditions. Its biomass was extracted with ethyl acetate with one fraction showing cytotoxic properties. A pure compound was isolated from the active fraction using combined silica gel and LH20 size exclusion column chromatography. Structural evaluation including FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HR-MS and CHN analysis identified the purified compound as di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) with the formula C24H38O4 and the molecular weight of 389.29 Da. The microorganism-derived (stereospecific) DEHP was strongly reduced the proliferation and induced cytotoxic effects on various eukaryotic cell lines in compare to the synthetic racemic mixture of the compound when assessed by MTT assay. Furthermore, crystal violet assay and morphological changes confirmed the cytotoxic effect of DEHP. Interestingly, non-malignant SV40-immortalized fibroblast cells were less affected by the purified DEHP. Further evaluation on the antibacterial activity of DEHP documented no effect toward Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) pathogens even at a high concentration of 100 μM. In conclusion, existence of DEHP as byproduct of microorganism's metabolism can seriously be considered as a warning to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Pournejati
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shiraz University, P.O. Box: 71467-13565, Shiraz 71454, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Jessica Sagasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, CCB - Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Immunobiology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Karin Jöhrer
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | - Hamid Reza Karbalaei-Heidari
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shiraz University, P.O. Box: 71467-13565, Shiraz 71454, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bioguided Fractionation of Local Plants against Matrix Metalloproteinase9 and Its Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cell Models: In Silico and In Vitro Study (Part II). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051464. [PMID: 33800366 PMCID: PMC7962846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous work, the partitions (1 mg/mL) of Ageratum conyzoides (AC) aerial parts and Ixora coccinea (IC) leaves showed inhibitions of 94% and 96%, respectively, whereas their fractions showed IC50 43 and 116 µg/mL, respectively, toward Matrix Metalloproteinase9 (MMP9), an enzyme that catalyzes a proteolysis of extracellular matrix. In this present study, we performed IC50 determinations for AC n-hexane, IC n-hexane, and IC ethylacetate partitions, followed by the cytotoxicity study of individual partitions against MDA-MB-231, 4T1, T47D, MCF7, and Vero cell lines. Successive fractionations from AC n-hexane and IC ethylacetate partitions led to the isolation of two compounds, oxytetracycline (OTC) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The result showed that AC n-hexane, IC n-hexane, and IC ethylacetate partitions inhibit MMP9 with their respective IC50 as follows: 246.1 µg/mL, 5.66 µg/mL, and 2.75 × 10−2 µg/mL. Toward MDA-MB-231, 4T1, T47D, and MCF7, AC n-hexane demonstrated IC50 2.05, 265, 109.70, and 2.11 µg/mL, respectively, whereas IC ethylacetate showed IC50 1.92, 57.5, 371.5, and 2.01 µg/mL, respectively. The inhibitions toward MMP9 by OTC were indicated by its IC50 18.69 µM, whereas DOP was inactive. A molecular docking study suggested that OTC prefers to bind to PEX9 rather than its catalytic domain. Against 4T1, OTC showed inhibition with IC50 414.20 µM. In conclusion, this study furtherly supports the previous finding that AC and IC are two herbals with potential to be developed as triple-negative anti-breast cancer agents.
Collapse
|