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Edder Y, Louchachha I, Faris A, Maatallah M, Azzaoui K, Zerrouk M, Saadi M, El Ammari L, Berraho M, Merzouki M, Boualy B, Hammouti B, Sabbahi R, Karim A, Alanazi MM, Ayerdi Gotor A, Rhazi L. Synthesis of Novel Nitro-Halogenated Aryl-Himachalene Sesquiterpenes from Atlas Cedar Oil Components: Characterization, DFT Studies, and Molecular Docking Analysis against Various Isolated Smooth Muscles. Molecules 2024; 29:2894. [PMID: 38930959 PMCID: PMC11206413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of two novel halogenated nitro-arylhimachalene derivatives: 2-bromo-3,5,5,9-tetramethyl-1-nitro-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene (bromo-nitro-arylhimachalene) and 2-chloro-3,5,5,9-tetramethyl-1,4-dinitro-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene (chloro-dinitro-arylhimachalene). These compounds were derived from arylhimachalene, an important sesquiterpene component of Atlas cedar essential oil, via a two-step halogenation and nitration process. Characterization was performed using 1H and 13C NMR spectrometry, complemented by X-ray structural analysis. Quantum chemical calculations employing density functional theory (DFT) with the Becke3-Lee-Yang-parr (B3LYP) functional and a 6-31++G(d,p) basis set were conducted. The optimized geometries of the synthesized compounds were consistent with X-ray structure data. Frontier molecular orbitals and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) profiles were identified and discussed. DFT reactivity indices provided insights into the compounds' behaviors. Moreover, Hirshfeld surface and 2D fingerprint analyses revealed significant intermolecular interactions within the crystal structures, predominantly H-H and H-O contacts. Molecular docking studies demonstrate strong binding affinities of the synthesized compounds to the active site of protein 7B2W, suggesting potential therapeutic applications against various isolated smooth muscles and neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Edder
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco; (I.L.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Issam Louchachha
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco; (I.L.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Abdelmajid Faris
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco; (I.L.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Mohamed Maatallah
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco; (I.L.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Khalil Azzaoui
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fes 30000, Morocco; (K.A.); (M.Z.)
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Polytechnic School, Euromed University of Fes, Fes 30030, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Zerrouk
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fes 30000, Morocco; (K.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mohamed Saadi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (M.S.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Lahcen El Ammari
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (M.S.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Moha Berraho
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Associée au CNRST (URAC16), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Merzouki
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE-ECOMP), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Brahim Boualy
- Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Khouribga, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane de Beni-Mellal, Khouribga 23000, Morocco;
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Polytechnic School, Euromed University of Fes, Fes 30030, Morocco;
| | - Rachid Sabbahi
- Research Team in Science and Technology, Higher School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune 70000, Morocco;
| | - Abdallah Karim
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 2390, Marrakech 40001, Morocco; (I.L.); (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alicia Ayerdi Gotor
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, AGHYLE, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France;
| | - Larbi Rhazi
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d’Artois, ULR 7519, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France
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Dao TNP, Onikanni SA, Fadaka AO, Sibuyi NRS, Le MH, Chang HH. Phytotherapeutic potential of compounds identified from fractionated extracts of Morus alba L., as an inhibitor of interleukin-6 in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38525928 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2330713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The presence of HLA-DRB1 alleles that encode critical points associated with environmental interactions is associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis caused by anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. Therefore, interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine that controls both local and systemic acute inflammatory responses through its ability to induce a phase response, plays a serious role. Its overexpression leads to pathological challenges such as rheumatoid arthritis and menopausal osteoporosis. However, targeting the IL-6 receptor and its region could be the major step in controlling the overexpression of this cytokine for therapeutic importance. Therefore, our research explored the computational insight needed to investigate the anti-RFA potential of phytochemicals from fractionated extracts of Morus alba L. against receptors, which have been implicated as druggable targets for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, fifty-nine (59) previously isolated and characterized phytochemicals from M. alba L. were identified from the literature and retrieved from the PubChem database. In silico screening was used to assess the mode of action of these phytochemicals from M. alba L. against receptors that may serve as therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis. Molecular docking studies, toxicity prediction, drug visualization and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) of the ligands together with the receptor-identified target were carried out using the Schrodinger Molecular Drug Discovery Suite. The findings indicated that a selected group of ligands displayed significant binding strength to specific amino acid residues, revealing an important link between the building blocks of proteins (amino acids) and ligands at the inhibitor binding site through traditional chemical interactions, such as interactions between hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds. The binding affinities of the receptors were carefully checked via comparison with those of the approved ligands, and the results suggested structural and functional changes in the lead compounds. Therefore, the bioactive component from M. alba L. could be a lead foot interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor and could be a promising lead compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and related challenges.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Nhat Phong Dao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (ROC)
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Sunday Amos Onikanni
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan (ROC)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe-Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Minh Hoang Le
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (ROC)
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (ROC)
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (ROC)
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Dao TNP, Onikanni SA, Fadaka AO, Klein A, Tran VD, Le MH, Wang CH, Chang HH. In silico identification of compounds from Piper sarmentosum Roxb leaf fractionated extract inhibit interleukin-6 to prevent rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1358037. [PMID: 38576490 PMCID: PMC10991700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1358037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Medicinal herbs with a phytonutrient background has been applied globally as major alternatives to ameliorate the continuous increase in rheumatoid arthritis cases worldwide. We herein aimed to critically examine the bioactive components of the medicinal herb Piper sarmentosum Roxb leaf fractionated extract for its potential to inhibit the influx of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The Schrödinger platform was employed as the main computational acumen for the screening of bioactive compounds identified and reference compounds subjected to molecular simulation (MDS) for analyzing the stability of docked complexes to assess fluctuations and conformational changes during protein-ligand interactions. Results: The values of the simulatory properties and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the good stability of these phytochemicals in the active pocket of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Discussion: Our findings reveal new strategies in which these phytochemicals are potential inhibitory agents that can be modified and further evaluated to develop more effective agents for the management of rheumatoid arthritis, thereby providing a better understanding and useful model for the reproduction and/or discovery of new drugs for the management of rheumatoid arthritis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Nhat Phong Dao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Sunday Amos Onikanni
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe-Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Ashwil Klein
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Van De Tran
- Department of Health Organization and Management, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Minh Hoang Le
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Doiphode S, Lokhande KB, Ghosh P, Swamy KV, Nagar S. Dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) by resveratrol derivatives in cancer therapy: in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8571-8586. [PMID: 36282056 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2135599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In a number of human cancers, both cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) are up-regulated and co-expressed, promoting cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin found in a variety of plants that influences various signal-transduction pathways which control apoptosis, cell growth and cell division, metastasis, angiogenesis and inflammation, and has an impact on cancer stages ranging from initiation to progression. In this work, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation method are employed to design resveratrol derivatives for COX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes. By attaching several functional groups on four different places of the resveratrol scaffold, the R group enumeration approach was employed to build four libraries of resveratrol derivatives. Thus, R group enumeration is done to focus on the enhancement of potency of compounds and other chemical characteristics like solubility. Drug-like filters such as REOS 1, 2, 3 and PAINS were applied to the libraries, generating a total of 5557 compounds. Drug-like filters such as REOS and PAINS-1, 2 and 3 were applied to the libraries, generating a total of 5557 compounds. All of these compounds were docked with both enzymes using the Glide SP and XP docking methods. Enrichment calculations were performed using 40 compounds from XP docking along with resveratrol, and 1000 decoy compounds from the DUD-E database to validate the docking protocol. The stability of the complexes was further studied using molecular dynamics simulation, radius of gyration, MM/GBSA, H bond monitoring and electrostatic potential surface (EPS). ADMET properties of compounds were studied using SwissADME and pkCSM server.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Doiphode
- Bioinformatics Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, India
| | - Kiran Bharat Lokhande
- Bioinformatics Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, India
| | - Payel Ghosh
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - K V Swamy
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
| | - Shuchi Nagar
- Bioinformatics Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, India
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Otarigho B, Falade MO. Natural Perylenequinone Compounds as Potent Inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni Glutathione S-Transferase. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1957. [PMID: 37895339 PMCID: PMC10608284 DOI: 10.3390/life13101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The existing treatment strategy for Schistosomiasis centers on praziquantel, a single drug, but its effectiveness is limited due to resistance and lack of preventive benefits. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel antischistosomal agents. Schistosoma glutathione S-transferase (GST) is an essential parasite enzyme, with a high potential for targeted drug discovery. In this study, we conducted a screening of compounds possessing antihelminth properties, focusing on their interaction with the Schistosoma mansoni glutathione S-transferase (SmGST) protein. We demonstrated the unique nature of SmGST in comparison to human GST. Evolutionary analysis indicated its close relationship with other parasitic worms, setting it apart from free-living worms such as C. elegans. Through an assessment of binding pockets and subsequent protein-ligand docking, we identified Scutiaquinone A and Scutiaquinone B, both naturally derived Perylenequinones, as robust binders to SmGST. These compounds have exhibited effectiveness against similar parasites and offer promising potential as antischistosomal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson Otarigho
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Onikanni SA, Lawal B, Munyembaraga V, Bakare OS, Taher M, Khotib J, Susanti D, Oyinloye BE, Noriega L, Famuti A, Fadaka AO, Ajiboye BO. Profiling the Antidiabetic Potential of Compounds Identified from Fractionated Extracts of Entada africana toward Glucokinase Stimulation: Computational Insight. Molecules 2023; 28:5752. [PMID: 37570723 PMCID: PMC10420681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucokinase plays an important role in regulating the blood glucose level and serves as an essential therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes management. Entada africana is a medicinal plant and highly rich source of bioactive ligands with the potency to develop new target drugs for glucokinase such as diabetes and obesity. Therefore, the study explored a computational approach to predict identified compounds from Entada africana following its intermolecular interactions with the allosteric binding site of the enzymes. We retrieved the three-dimensional (3D) crystal structure of glucokinase (PDB ID: 4L3Q) from the online protein data bank and prepared it using the Maestro 13.5, Schrödinger Suite 2022-3. The compounds identified were subjected to ADME, docking analysis, pharmacophore modeling, and molecular simulation. The results show the binding potential of the identified ligands to the amino acid residues, thereby suggesting an interaction of the amino acids with the ligand at the binding site of the glucokinase activator through conventional chemical bonds such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The compatibility of the molecules was highly observed when compared with the standard ligand, thereby leading to structural and functional changes. Therefore, the bioactive components from Entada africana could be a good driver of glucokinase, thereby paving the way for the discovery of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Amos Onikanni
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe-Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Ekiti State, Nigeria;
| | - Bashir Lawal
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Valens Munyembaraga
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- University Teaching Hospital of Butare, Huye 15232, Rwanda
| | - Oluwafemi Shittu Bakare
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko 342111, Ondo State, Nigeria;
| | - Muhammad Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia;
- Pharmaceutics and Translational Research Group, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Junaidi Khotib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Deny Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe-Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Ekiti State, Nigeria;
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Ekiti State, Nigeria;
| | - Lloyd Noriega
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Ayodeji Famuti
- Honey T Scientific Company, Ibadan 234002, Oyo State, Nigeria;
| | | | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Ekiti State, Nigeria;
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Lawal B, Wu AT, Chen CH, T A G, Wu SY. Identification of INFG/STAT1/NOTCH3 as γ-Mangostin's potential targets for overcoming doxorubicin resistance and reducing cancer-associated fibroblasts in triple-negative breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114800. [PMID: 37141739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by drug resistance and distant metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered a major contributor to TNBC's drug resistance. Thus targeting and eliminating CSCs have been vigorously researched. However, the precise targetable molecular networks responsible for CSC genesis remain unclear; this conundrum is mainly due to the high heterogeneity of the TNBC tumor microenvironment (TME). The cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant cellular components of the TME. Emerging studies indicate that CAFs facilitate TNBC's progression by establishing a pro-tumor TME. Hence, identifying the molecular networks involved in CAF transformation and CAF-associated oncogenesis are essential areas to be explored. Through a bioinformatics approach, we identified INFG/STAT1/NOTCH3 as a molecular link between CSCs and CAF. DOX-resistant TNBC cell lines showed increased expression of INFG/STAT1/NOTCH3 and CD44 and were associated with increased self-renewal ability and CAF-transformative ability. Downregulation of STAT1 significantly reduced the tumorigenic properties of MDA-MB-231 and -468 cells and their CAF-transforming potential. Our molecular docking analysis suggested that gamma mangostin (gMG), a xanthone, formed complexes with INFG/STAT1/NOTCH3 better than celecoxib. We then demonstrated that gMG treatment reduced the tumorigenic properties similarly observed in STAT1-knocked down conditions. Finally, we utilized a DOX-resistant TNBC tumoroid-bearing mouse model to demonstrate that gMG treatment significantly delayed tumor growth, reduced CAF generation, and improved DOX sensitivity. Further investigations are warranted for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Lawal
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Th Wu
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; The Ph.D. Program of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsin Chen
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - George T A
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone
| | - Szu-Yuan Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Artificial Intelligence Development Centre, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Centre for Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Big Data Centre, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Division of Radiation Oncology, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.
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Onikanni SA, Lawal B, Fadaka AO, Bakare O, Adewole E, Taher M, Khotib J, Susanti D, Oyinloye BE, Ajiboye BO, Ojo OA, Sibuyi NRS. Computational and Preclinical Prediction of the Antimicrobial Properties of an Agent Isolated from Monodora myristica: A Novel DNA Gyrase Inhibitor. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041593. [PMID: 36838579 PMCID: PMC9966190 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The African nutmeg (Monodora myristica) is a medically useful plant. We, herein, aimed to critically examine whether bioactive compounds identified in the extracted oil of Monodora myristica could act as antimicrobial agents. To this end, we employed the Schrödinger platform as the computational tool to screen bioactive compounds identified in the oil of Monodora myristica. Our lead compound displayed the highest potency when compared with levofloxacin based on its binding affinity. The hit molecule was further subjected to an Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME) prediction, and a Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out on molecules with PubChem IDs 529885 and 175002 and on three standards (levofloxacin, cephalexin, and novobiocin). The MD analysis results demonstrated that two molecules are highly compact when compared to the native protein; thereby, this suggests that they could affect the protein on a structural and a functional level. The employed computational approach demonstrates that conformational changes occur in DNA gyrase after the binding of inhibitors; thereby, this resulted in structural and functional changes. These findings expand our knowledge on the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and could pave the way for the discovery of new drugs for the treatment of multi-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Amos Onikanni
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria
- Correspondence: or (S.A.O.); (J.K.); (B.O.A.)
| | - Bashir Lawal
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Oluwafemi Bakare
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko 342111, Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel Adewole
- Industrial Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
- Pharmaceutics and Translational Research Group, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Junaidi Khotib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: or (S.A.O.); (J.K.); (B.O.A.)
| | - Deny Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa 3886, South Africa
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria
| | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti 371104, Nigeria
- Correspondence: or (S.A.O.); (J.K.); (B.O.A.)
| | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo 232101, Nigeria
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7530, South Africa
- Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Randburg 2194, South Africa
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Comprehensive Computational Studies of Naturally Occurring Kuguacins as Antidiabetic Agents by Targeting Visfatin. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-023-00604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Fadaka AO, Taiwo OA, Dosumu OA, Owolabi OP, Ojo AB, Sibuyi NRS, Ullah S, Klein A, Madiehe AM, Meyer M, Ojo OA. Computational prediction of potential drug-like compounds from Cannabis sativa leaf extracts targeted towards Alzheimer therapy. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Fadaka AO, Sibuyi NRS, Martin DR, Goboza M, Klein A, Madiehe AM, Meyer M. Immunoinformatics design of a novel epitope-based vaccine candidate against dengue virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19707. [PMID: 34611250 PMCID: PMC8492693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue poses a global health threat, which will persist without therapeutic intervention. Immunity induced by exposure to one serotype does not confer long-term protection against secondary infection with other serotypes and is potentially capable of enhancing this infection. Although vaccination is believed to induce durable and protective responses against all the dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in order to reduce the burden posed by this virus, the development of a safe and efficacious vaccine remains a challenge. Immunoinformatics and computational vaccinology have been utilized in studies of infectious diseases to provide insight into the host-pathogen interactions thus justifying their use in vaccine development. Since vaccination is the best bet to reduce the burden posed by DENV, this study is aimed at developing a multi-epitope based vaccines for dengue control. Combined approaches of reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics were utilized to design multi-epitope based vaccine from the sequence of DENV. Specifically, BCPreds and IEDB servers were used to predict the B-cell and T-cell epitopes, respectively. Molecular docking was carried out using Schrödinger, PATCHDOCK and FIREDOCK. Codon optimization and in silico cloning were done using JCAT and SnapGene respectively. Finally, the efficiency and stability of the designed vaccines were assessed by an in silico immune simulation and molecular dynamic simulation, respectively. The predicted epitopes were prioritized using in-house criteria. Four candidate vaccines (DV-1-4) were designed using suitable adjuvant and linkers in addition to the shortlisted epitopes. The binding interactions of these vaccines against the receptors TLR-2, TLR-4, MHC-1 and MHC-2 show that these candidate vaccines perfectly fit into the binding domains of the receptors. In addition, DV-1 has a better binding energies of - 60.07, - 63.40, - 69.89 kcal/mol against MHC-1, TLR-2, and TLR-4, with respect to the other vaccines. All the designed vaccines were highly antigenic, soluble, non-allergenic, non-toxic, flexible, and topologically assessable. The immune simulation analysis showed that DV-1 may elicit specific immune response against dengue virus. Moreover, codon optimization and in silico cloning validated the expressions of all the designed vaccines in E. coli. Finally, the molecular dynamic study shows that DV-1 is stable with minimum RMSF against TLR4. Immunoinformatics tools are now applied to screen genomes of interest for possible vaccine target. The designed vaccine candidates may be further experimentally investigated as potential vaccines capable of providing definitive preventive measure against dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Darius Riziki Martin
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Mediline Goboza
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abram Madimabe Madiehe
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
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Bakare OO, Fadaka AO, Akanbi MO, Akinyede KA, Klein A, Keyster M. Evaluation of selected carotenoids of Lycopersicon esculentum variants as therapeutic targets for 'Alzheimer's disease: an in silico approach. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:49. [PMID: 34592924 PMCID: PMC8483808 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The seriousness and menace of the worldwide weight of 'Alzheimer's disease have been related to a few factors, which incorporate antioxidant system depletion, mutation of proteins, and high expression of cholinesterases due to aging, environmental influence, diet, infectious agents, and hormonal imbalance. Overexpression of cholinesterases has been emphatically connected to 'Alzheimer's disease because of the unreasonable hydrolysis of acetylcholine and butyrylcholine. Certain plant phytochemicals, for example, beta-carotenoids, lutein, neoxanthin, and viola-xanthine from Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Var. esculentum (ESC) and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Var. cerasiforme (CER) has been utilized altogether as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of 'Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, this research sought to investigate the drug-likeness of the individual carotenoids as detailed for cholinesterase inhibition in the treatment of 'Alzheimer's disease. Four potential cholinesterase inhibitors from ESC and CER were retrieved from the PubChem database. Investigation of their drug-likeness, toxicity prediction, molecular docking, and dynamic simulations were carried out using Molinspiration, PreADMET V.2.0, Patchdock server, and Schrodinger Maestro software respectively. Neoxanthin was ranked the safest with a greater tendency to inhibit the cholinesterases with high binding affinity. In addition, its stability after simulation in a mimicked biological environment suggests its relevance as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of 'Alzheimer's disease through the inhibition of cholinesterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Olanrewaju Bakare
- Bioinformatics research group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa. .,Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory (EBL), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
- Bioinformatics research group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa.,Department of Science and Technology/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Musa Oyebowale Akanbi
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory (EBL), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kolajo Adedamola Akinyede
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory (EBL), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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13
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Fadaka AO, Sibuyi NRS, Martin DR, Klein A, Madiehe A, Meyer M. Development of Effective Therapeutic Molecule from Natural Sources against Coronavirus Protease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179431. [PMID: 34502340 PMCID: PMC8430653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is one of the molecular targets for drug design. Effective vaccines have been identified as a long-term solution but the rate at which they are being administered is slow in several countries, and mutations of SARS-CoV-2 could render them less effective. Moreover, remdesivir seems to work only with some types of COVID-19 patients. Hence, the continuous investigation of new treatments for this disease is pivotal. This study investigated the inhibitory role of natural products against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro as repurposable agents in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Through in silico approach, selected flavonoids were docked into the active site of Mpro. The free energies of the ligands complexed with Mpro were computationally estimated using the molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) method. In addition, the inhibition process of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with these ligands was simulated at 100 ns in order to uncover the dynamic behavior and complex stability. The docking results showed that the selected flavonoids exhibited good poses in the binding domain of Mpro. The amino acid residues involved in the binding of the selected ligands correlated well with the residues involved with the mechanism-based inhibitor (N3) and the docking score of Quercetin-3-O-Neohesperidoside (−16.8 Kcal/mol) ranked efficiently with this inhibitor (−16.5 Kcal/mol). In addition, single-structure MM/GBSA rescoring method showed that Quercetin-3-O-Neohesperidoside (−87.60 Kcal/mol) is more energetically favored than N3 (−80.88 Kcal/mol) and other ligands (Myricetin 3-Rutinoside (−87.50 Kcal/mol), Quercetin 3-Rhamnoside (−80.17 Kcal/mol), Rutin (−58.98 Kcal/mol), and Myricitrin (−49.22 Kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulation (MDs) pinpointed the stability of these complexes over the course of 100 ns with reduced RMSD and RMSF. Based on the docking results and energy calculation, together with the RMSD of 1.98 ± 0.19 Å and RMSF of 1.00 ± 0.51 Å, Quercetin-3-O-Neohesperidoside is a better inhibitor of Mpro compared to N3 and other selected ligands and can be repurposed as a drug candidate for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, this study demonstrated that in silico docking, free energy calculations, and MDs, respectively, are applicable to estimating the interaction, energetics, and dynamic behavior of molecular targets by natural products and can be used to direct the development of novel target function modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (D.R.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (D.R.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Darius Riziki Martin
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (D.R.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Abram Madiehe
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (D.R.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (D.R.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
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Aruleba RT, Tincho MB, Pretorius A, Kappo AP. In silico prediction of new antimicrobial peptides and proteins as druggable targets towards alternative anti-schistosomal therapy. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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15
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Al-Naseri A, Al-Absi S, El Ridi R, Mahana N. A comprehensive and critical overview of schistosomiasis vaccine candidates. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:557-580. [PMID: 33935395 PMCID: PMC8068781 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A digenetic platyhelminth Schistosoma is the causative agent of schistosomiasis, one of the neglected tropical diseases that affect humans and animals in numerous countries in the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, South America and China. Several control methods were used for prevention of infection or treatment of acute and chronic disease. Mass drug administration led to reduction in heavy-intensity infections and morbidity, but failed to decrease schistosomiasis prevalence and eliminate transmission, indicating the need to develop anti-schistosome vaccine to prevent infection and parasite transmission. This review summarizes the efficacy and protective capacity of available schistosomiasis vaccine candidates with some insights and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Al-Naseri
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univesity, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Samar Al-Absi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univesity, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Rashika El Ridi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univesity, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Noha Mahana
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univesity, Giza, 12613 Egypt
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Adekiya TA, Kumar P, Kondiah PPD, Pillay V, Choonara YE. Synthesis and therapeutic delivery approaches for praziquantel: a patent review (2010-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:851-865. [PMID: 33832392 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1915292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Among all the anti-schistosomal drugs, praziquantel has been the most widely used. However, some major challenges have been faced using the drug in the treatment of schistosome infections. AREAS COVERED : Several approaches used in the synthesis of praziquantel aimed at reducing the time and cost of production, the toxicity and experimental harsh conditions are discussed. Also, patented methods involved in the pharmaceutical reformulation of praziquantel in the treatment of diverse endoparasitic infestations are reported. Additionally, future perspectives in terms of nanomedicine approach in the formulation of praziquantel are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION : Lipid-based nanosystems (LBNSs) formulations can be used to overcome the shortcomings associated with the use of praziquantel in the schistosomiasis treatment due to their amphipathic nature. This could be a promising vehicle for the delivery of praziquantel, which could in turn improve the bioavailability, as well as reduce the frequent dose of the drug and improve patient compliance. This may sustain the release of the drug and improve the rapid conversion of the drug into inactive metabolite due to rapid metabolism. Additionally, LBNSs approach could increase and improve the lipophilicity of the drug, which could make it easier to interact with the hydrophobic cores of the worm tegument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayo A Adekiya
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pierre P D Kondiah
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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