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Klein AV, Roediger L, Bendau A, Viohl L, Ernst F, Helbig J, Kühne F, Petzold MB, Betzler F. Problem drinking among university students in Berlin. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1438-1449. [PMID: 35816733 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2080503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Problem-drinking among university students is common and poses serious health-related risks. Therefore, identifying and addressing associated factors is important. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A large cross-sectional online-survey with 12,914 university students from Berlin was conducted from November 2016 to August 2017. Relative-risk- and correlation-analysis was used to identify factors associated with problem-drinking and regular heavy-drinking. Independent t-tests compared impulsivity and personality traits, chi-square-tests compared drinking motives between risk- and non-risk-drinkers. RESULTS Male gender, tobacco-smoking, illegal substance use, impulsivity and various sociodemographic and psychosocial variables were significantly related to problem/heavy-drinking. Extraversion was a risk, conscientiousness and agreeableness were protective factors. Drinking-motives did not differ significantly between risk- and non-risk-drinkers. Generally, the main drinking-motives were to feel elated, relax and social purposes. CONCLUSION The identified markers and related problem behaviors may serve as a tool to enhance the identification of student subgroups at risk for problem/heavy-drinking, and hence improve targeted health-intervention-programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas V Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lukas Roediger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Bendau
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Leonard Viohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felicitas Ernst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Helbig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Kühne
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Moritz Bruno Petzold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Betzler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Munthali RJ, Richardson CG, Pei J, Westenberg JN, Munro L, Auerbach RP, Prescivalli AP, Vereschagin M, Clarke QK, Wang AY, Vigo D. Patterns of anxiety, depression, and substance use risk behaviors among university students in Canada. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37943497 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2277201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify subgroups of students with distinct profiles of mental health symptoms (MH) and substance use risk (SU) and the extent to which MH history and socio-demographics predict subgroup membership. Participants: University students (N = 10,935: 63% female). Methods: Repeated cross-sectional survey administered weekly to stratified random samples. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups and multinomial regression was used to examine associations with variables of interest. Results: LCA identified an optimal 4-latent class solution: High MH-Low SU (47%), Low MH-Low SU (22%), High MH-High SU (19%), and Low MH-High SU (12%). MH history, gender, and ethnicity were associated with membership in the classes with high risk of MH, SU, or both. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of students presented with MH, SU, or both. Gender, ethnicity and MH history is associated with specific patterns of MH and SU, offering potentially useful information to tailor early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Munthali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris G Richardson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia Pei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jean N Westenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lonna Munro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Melissa Vereschagin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Quinten K Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angel Y Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Vigo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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Richner KA, Sande-Martin B, Soetjoadi I, McChargue DE. Trait mindfulness weakens the relationship between Snapchat use and alcohol-related outcomes. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2200-2207. [PMID: 34469256 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1965147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective:Previous studies identified Snapchat as the most likely social media platform for depictions of excessive drinking and consequences. We sought to further examine this relationship and the possible protective impact of trait mindfulness.Method:A sample of 838 college students completed a survey assessing self-reported alcohol use, alcohol-related consequences, trait mindfulness, and individual and peer alcohol-related Snapchat posts.Results:Viewing more peer's Snapchats was associated with increased alcohol-related consequences, except at high levels of trait mindfulness. When controlling for the individual's Snapchat posts, the significant relationship between peer's Snapchats and consequences remained at low levels of trait mindfulness but not for moderate levels. The protective effect of high levels of trait mindfulness endured.Conclusion:Increasing trait mindfulness may help buffer the negative influence of viewing peer's alcohol-related Snapchats on alcohol-related consequences. Further examining how trait mindfulness interacts with peer norms offers important avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailey A Richner
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Irenea Soetjoadi
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Maftei A, Opariuc-Dan C. Perfect people, happier lives? When the quest for perfection compromises happiness: the roles played by substance use and internet addiction. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1234164. [PMID: 37841705 PMCID: PMC10568026 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1234164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Building on the Conservation of Resources Theory and the Stress-Coping Model, the present study explored the relationship between perfectionism (rigid, self-critical, narcissistic) and subjective happiness among youth. In this relationship, we also examined the mediating roles of substance use (i.e., drinking and smoking) and Internet addiction symptoms. Our sample comprised 431 Romanian university students aged 18-25 (M = 20.50, SD = 1.58), and most of them were females (79.81%, self-reported gender). Participants completed self-reported anonymous scales through a web-based survey at the beginning of 2023. Correlation analysis results indicated that all forms of perfectionism were associated with Internet addiction symptoms. Self-critical and narcissistic perfectionism and drinking, smoking, and Internet addiction symptoms were negatively associated with subjective happiness. Path analysis suggested that health-risk behaviors completely mediated the effect of perfectionism on subjective happiness. High levels of perfectionism were associated with high levels of health-risk behaviors, and high levels of addictive behaviors were associated with low levels of subjective happiness. We discuss the present findings considering their practical use regarding students' subjective happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Maftei
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
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Bilic A, Burns RD, Bai Y, Brusseau TA, Lucero JE, King Jensen JL. Preliminary Efficacy of a Multi-Behavioral Zoom-Based Peer Health Coaching Intervention in Young Adults: A Stepped Wedge Randomized Controlled Trial. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2023; 26:698-705. [PMID: 37433189 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the preliminary efficacy of a Zoom-based peer coaching intervention on health and risk behaviors in young adults. A convenience sample of young adults was recruited from one U.S. university (N = 89; 73.0 percent female). Participants were randomized to one of two coaching session sequences within the framework of a stepped wedge randomized controlled trial. One experimental sequence received a control condition and a single coaching session, and the second sequence received two sessions. The intervention was a 1-hour program delivered by peer health coaches in a one-on-one setting on Zoom. The program consisted of a behavior image screen, a consultation, and goal planning. Behavioral assessments were completed after each condition. Mixed-effects models were employed to test for behavior differences after coaching sessions compared with the control condition (no coaching session) adjusting for baseline scores. Participants reported significantly higher levels of vigorous physical activity (b = 750 metabolic equivalent of task minutes, p < 0.001), a lower frequency of e-cigarette use (b = -2.1 days; p < 0.001), and a lower risk of e-cigarette susceptibility after two sessions (relative risk = 0.04, p = 0.05), and higher odds of using stress reduction techniques after one session (odds ratio = 1.4, p = 0.04). A nonsignificant trend was observed for longer weekday sleep (b = 0.4 h/night, p = 0.11) after two coaching sessions. The Zoom-based peer health coaching intervention may be an efficient way to improve vigorous physical activity, lower e-cigarette use and susceptibility, and facilitate the use of stress reduction techniques in young adults. The results observed from this preliminary study warrants further investigation using powered effectiveness trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bilic
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ryan D Burns
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Timothy A Brusseau
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Julie E Lucero
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Hill LG, Bumpus M, Haggerty KP, Catalano RF, Cooper BR, Skinner ML. "Letting Go and Staying Connected": Substance Use Outcomes from a Developmentally Targeted Intervention for Parents of College Students. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:1174-1186. [PMID: 36933101 PMCID: PMC10423701 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
We present results of a randomized, controlled, efficacy trial of a handbook intervention for parents of first-year college students. The aim of the interactive intervention was to decrease risk behaviors by increasing family protective factors. The handbook, based in self-determination theory and the social development model, provided evidence-based and developmentally targeted suggestions for parents to engage with their students in activities designed to support successful adjustment to college. We recruited 919 parent-student dyads from incoming students enrolled at a university in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and randomly assigned them to control and intervention conditions. We sent handbooks to intervention parents in June before students' August matriculation. Research assistants trained in motivational interviewing contacted parents to encourage use of the handbook. Control parents and students received treatment as usual. Participants completed baseline surveys during their final semester in high school (time 1) and their first semester at college (time 2). Self-reported frequency of alcohol, cannabis, and simultaneous use increased across both handbook and control students. In intent-to-treat analyses, odds of increased use were consistently lower and of similar magnitude for students in the intervention condition than in the control condition, and odds of first-time use were also lower in the intervention condition. Contact from research assistants predicted parents' engagement, and parent and student report of active engagement with handbook predicted lower substance use among intervention than control students across the transition to college. We developed a low-cost, theory-based handbook to help parents support their young adult children as they transition to independent college life. Students whose parents used the handbook were less likely to initiate or increase substance use than students in the control condition during their first semester in college.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03227809.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Hill
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
| | - M Bumpus
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - K P Haggerty
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - B R Cooper
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - M L Skinner
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Falcon A, Halstead VA, McCabe BE. College students' experiences with substance use at electronic music events: A qualitative study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:686-694. [PMID: 33830897 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1904953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To understand college students' experiences with substance use at electronic music events (EME), including harm-reduction strategies and receptivity to educational intervention.Participants: A purposeful sample of undergraduate students at a private Southeastern university was recruited from April 2019 to May 2019 using online advertising and in-person tabling.Methods: A qualitative, descriptive research design utilizing semistructured focus groups.Results: Five focus groups were conducted (n = 18). A thematic analysis revealed three main themes: substance use is commonplace; substance use and protective behaviors; and universities' role in substance education. Additional categories and subcategories were identified within each theme.Conclusion: Substance use at EME is a common experience for college students. Several challenges and opportunities exist for universities working to promote harm reduction practices. Prevention efforts should be event-specific, incorporate student input to engage learning more effectively, and work to reduce barriers that deter students from taking safety precautions when using substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Falcon
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Valerie A Halstead
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Brian E McCabe
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation, and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Alvarado Echeona LC, Cortes Cardona JP, Toledo JD, Rodríguez Real S, Ramírez Peñuela B. [Identifying non-pharmacological strategies for reduction and cessation of tobacco use in university studentsIdentificação de estratégias não farmacológicas para reduzir e suspender o consumo de tabaco por estudantes universitários]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e9. [PMID: 36788964 PMCID: PMC9910555 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Identify non-pharmacological strategies for reduction and cessation of tobacco use, aimed at the community of undergraduate university students. Methods Classic systematic review of experimental scientific literature published in the last 20 years in databases and grey literature. The search algorithm consisted of using the maximum amount of terminology that described the research question, resulting in the largest number of results in the different databases. Evidence tables were constructed with the FLC 3.0 assessment tool and Excel 2021. Use of the GRADE tool enabled assessment of the quality of scientific evidence. Risk of bias was estimated in accordance with recommendations in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. A narrative summary of the included studies was provided, given the high degree of heterogeneity established by I2 statistics. Results A search of databases and grey literature obtained 40 823 articles. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven articles were included: one study with impact on cessation, two studies on reduction, and four studies with an impact on both the reduction and cessation of tobacco use. The methodological quality was "good" according to the GRADE tool. The overall risk of bias was 'low'. The high clinical and methodological heterogeneity of the studies prevented grouping for the construction of a meta-analysis. Conclusion Data from the seven articles show that non-pharmacological interventions can result in reduction and cessation of tobacco use in the university student population, although the evidence is still limited. Further studies are necessary in order to develop strong recommendations for implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Pablo Cortes Cardona
- Universidad El BosqueBogotáColombiaUniversidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,Juan Pablo Cortes Cardona,
| | - José Daniel Toledo
- Grupo de Investigación de Epidemiología y Salud ColectivaFundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Militar Nueva GranadaBogotáColombiaGrupo de Investigación de Epidemiología y Salud Colectiva, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Sheyla Rodríguez Real
- Grupo de Investigación de Epidemiología y Salud ColectivaFundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Militar Nueva GranadaBogotáColombiaGrupo de Investigación de Epidemiología y Salud Colectiva, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Bibiana Ramírez Peñuela
- Grupo de Investigación de Epidemiología y Salud ColectivaFundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Militar Nueva GranadaBogotáColombiaGrupo de Investigación de Epidemiología y Salud Colectiva, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Caravaca-Sánchez F, Aizpurua E, Taliaferro LA, Stephenson A. Substance use and victimization experiences among college students in Spain. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:607-615. [PMID: 33830894 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1900196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined relationships between different types and patterns of substance use and victimization experiences. PARTICIPANTS College students from two universities in Spain completed an online, cross-sectional survey. METHOD A series of tetrachoric correlations were estimated to examine the bivariate associations between different types of substances and victimization experiences. Regression analyses then examined relationships between patterns of substance use (non-users, mono-users, and poly-users), and victimization. RESULTS Slightly over half (57.7%) of students reported any form of victimization during the previous year, and most students (87.0%) reported using substances during the last three months. Polysubstance users were more likely than non-users to experience any victimization, as well as multiple forms of victimization. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of differentiating types and patterns of substance use when developing prevention and intervention programs. Implementing intervention strategies that target polysubstance users and decrease substance use could reduce rates of victimization among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Aizpurua
- School of Law, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Deck S, Nagpal TS, Morava A, Farhat J, Cisneros Sanchez F, Prapavessis H. Tobacco use among varsity athletes - why do they do it and how do we make it stop: a brief report. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:333-337. [PMID: 33760706 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1897014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study explores the motivations underlying tobacco use among varsity athletes. A cross-sectional exploratory mixed method approach was used. Both tobacco users (TU) and non-tobacco users (NTU) completed an online survey of closed and open-ended questions. These questions focused on tobacco use, motivations for tobacco use, teammate and coaches' perceptions of athlete tobacco use, and self-perceived effects of tobacco use on health and athletic performance. Thirty-eight completed surveys were included of which 12 were TU and 26 were NTU. The majority of TU indicated that they used products during the off-season. Motivations for using tobacco products included social influences, stress-relief, and increasing energy. TU mostly indicated that there are negative effects on their health but not on their athletic performance, whereas NTU reported potential detrimental effects on their teammate's performance. Overall, varsity athletes who use tobacco products are aware of the health effects and negative opinions of their teammates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Deck
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Taniya S Nagpal
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anisa Morava
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jade Farhat
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Federico Cisneros Sanchez
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harry Prapavessis
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Beyer FR, Kenny RPW, Johnson E, Caldwell DM, Garnett C, Rice S, Simpson J, Angus C, Craig D, Hickman M, Michie S, Kaner EFS. Practitioner and digitally delivered interventions for reducing hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption in people not seeking alcohol treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Addiction 2023; 118:17-29. [PMID: 35815387 PMCID: PMC10087505 DOI: 10.1111/add.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effectiveness of practitioner versus digitally delivered interventions for reducing hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption. DESIGN Systematic review and network meta-analysis comprising comprehensive search for randomised controlled trials, robust screening and selection methods and appraisal with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Network meta-analyses were conducted in Stata using random effects, frequentist models. The confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA) tool was used to assess confidence in effect sizes. SETTING Online or community or health settings where the intervention was immediately accessible without referral. PARTICIPANTS Non treatment-seeking hazardous or harmful drinkers. MEASUREMENTS Primary outcome was mean difference in alcohol consumption (g/wk); secondary outcome was number of single high intensity drinking episodes. Baseline consumption was analysed as a covariate. FINDINGS Of 201 included trials (94 753 participants), 152 reported a consumption outcome that could be converted to grams/week; 104 reported number of single high intensity drinking episodes. At 1 and 6 months, practitioner delivered interventions reduced consumption more than digitally delivered interventions (1 month: -23 g/wk (95% CI, -43 to -2); 6 months: -14 g/wk [95% CI, -25 to -3]). At 12 months there was no evidence of difference between practitioner and digitally delivered interventions (-6 g/wk [95% CI, -24 to 12]). There was no evidence of a difference in single high intensity drinking episodes between practitioner and digitally delivered interventions at any time point. Effect sizes were small, but could impact across a population with relatively high prevalence of hazardous and harmful drinking. Heterogeneity was a concern. Some inconsistency was indicated at 1 and 6 months, but little evidence was apparent at 12 months. CONCLUSION Practitioner delivered interventions for reducing hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption are more effective than digitally delivered interventions up to 6 months; at 12 months there is no evidence of a difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona R Beyer
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, The Catalyst, 3 Science Square, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ryan P W Kenny
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, The Catalyst, 3 Science Square, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eugenie Johnson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Deborah M Caldwell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire Garnett
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Rice
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Julija Simpson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Colin Angus
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dawn Craig
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, The Catalyst, 3 Science Square, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matt Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan Michie
- Director of UCL Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eileen F S Kaner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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A balancing act-finding one´s way to health and well-being: A qualitative analysis of interviews with Swedish university students on lifestyle and behavior change. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275848. [PMID: 36227904 PMCID: PMC9560508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diets, low physical activity levels, smoking, and harmful alcohol consumption are common in student populations, which constitute a large group of young adults. As unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are associated with future disease and premature mortality, most commonly from cardiovascular disease and cancers, it is from a public health perspective important to understand such behaviors in young adult populations. The objective of this study was to investigate university students' experiences of health, health-related behaviors, and the barriers and facilitators for behavior change in terms of health promotion in everyday life. MATERIALS AND METHODS This qualitative study was conducted at a middle-sized university in Sweden. Students represented different faculties and were recruited via non-probability convenience sampling using means such as the snowball technique and social media. The 21 interviews with 24 students, individually or in groups, were transcribed verbatim prior to a qualitative analysis inspired by phenomenological hermeneutics. RESULTS Our interviews showed that university student life is associated with new health-related challenges, for example study-related stress and procrastination implies a lack of energy to engage in healthy routines such as physical activity, and a limited budget affects food choices. While adapting to a new context, students explore personal strategies such as taking on changes in manageable steps, seeking social support, and avoiding disturbances to maintaining health and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Experiences of health while becoming and being a university student can be described as a transition-a balancing act of walking a slack line-during which students seek to manage a healthy balance. In the past, interventions have to some extent been designed to address university students' behaviors; however, our study aids an understanding of their needs. Future interventions should highlight the transitions they are experiencing and the challenges of student life.
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Health-Promoting Behavior and Lifestyle Characteristics of Students as a Function of Sex and Academic Level. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127539. [PMID: 35742787 PMCID: PMC9224493 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
University students frequently engage in unhealthy behaviors. However, there is a lack of studies examining a wide range of their lifestyle characteristics by sex and academic level of study. This cross-sectional survey of students enrolled in BSc, MSc, or PhD programs at one university in Germany (N = 3389) assessed physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), nutrition, sleep quality, and alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use by sex and academic level and was conducted with EvaSys version 8.0. Chi-squared tests compared categorical variables by sex, and binary logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex with Bonferroni adjustments evaluated differences across academic level. Although 91% of students achieved the aerobic PA guidelines, only 30% achieved the muscle strengthening exercises (MSE) guidelines, and 44% had high SB. Likewise, <10% met the fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) recommendations, >40% of students experienced impaired sleep, and >30% had hazardous alcohol consumption. Less than 20% of the sample achieved the guideline/recommendation of all three PA, MSE and SB. Some behaviors exhibited significant sex and academic level differences. The identified at-risk groups included males (lower FVC), females (eating more during stress), and BSc students (poorer nutrition/sleep quality, more ATOD use). Given the above findings, multipronged strategies are needed with an overarching focus highlighting the health−academic achievement links. Behavioral interventions and environmental policies are required to raise awareness and promote student health.
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Rainisch BKW, Dahlman L, Vigil J, Forster M. Using a multi-module web-app to prevent substance use among students at a Hispanic Serving Institution: development and evaluation design. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1198. [PMID: 35705975 PMCID: PMC9202112 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite effective strategies to prevent substance use and substance use disorders among college students, challenges remain. As young adults' preference for and comfortability with web-based technology continues to increase, leveraging innovative approaches to rapidly evolving mHealth technology is critical for the success of lowering the risk for substance use and related consequences in college populations, and especially those at Hispanic Serving Institutions. Therefore, the present study describes the rationale, development, and design of iSTART, a novel web-app to prevent substance use among students. METHODS The web-app was developed following the intervention mapping protocol, and in collaboration with numerous stakeholders, including a community-based partner specializing in substance abuse prevention and treatment. A 30-day multi-module web-app intervention was developed based on key theoretical constructs, behavior change strategies, and practical module components: attitudes (knowledge), perceived susceptibility (risk perceptions), subjective norms (normative re-education), and self-efficacy (refusal skills). This intervention will be evaluated via a time series design using a sample of 600 students randomly assigned to either the intervention, comparison, or control condition at a public institution in southern California. DISCUSSION The iSTART web-app is an innovative and sustainable program ideal for college campuses with diverse student populations. If this prevention web-app is successful, it will significantly contribute to the evidence of effective substance use interventions in the college setting, and identify the benefits of mHealth programs to prevent future substance use. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05362357 retrospectively registered on May 4, 2022 on clinicaltrials.gov .
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany K W Rainisch
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA, 91330, USA.
| | - Linn Dahlman
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - Jorge Vigil
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
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Biallas RL, Rehfuess E, Stratil JM. Adverse and other unintended consequences of setting-based interventions to prevent illicit drug use: A systematic review of reviews. J Public Health Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/22799036221103362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores adverse and unintended consequences (AUCs) of setting-based public health interventions to prevent illicit drug use, including the mechanisms leading to these AUCs. Additionally, the reporting of AUCs in systematic reviews was assessed. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of reviews and searched four big databases were searched. We included systematic reviews concerned with setting-based interventions to prevent illicit drug use. We used AMSTAR 2 to rate the overall confidence of the results presented in the reviews. Data on study characteristics, types and mechanisms of AUCs were extracted. An a priori categorisation of consequences drew on the WHO-INTEGRATE framework, and the categorisation of mechanisms on the Behaviour Change Wheel. For reviews reporting AUCs, the same information was also retrieved from relevant primary studies. Findings were synthesised narratively and in tables. Finally, we included 72 reviews, of which 18 reported on AUCs. From these, 11 primary studies were identified. Most of the reviews and primary studies were conducted in educational settings. The most prevalent AUCs reported in systematic reviews and primary studies were paradoxical health effects (i.e. increase of drug use). Potential mechanisms discussed primarily focussed on the change though social norms and practices. Changes of knowledge and perception were also mentioned. Concluding, the identified reviews and primary studies paid insufficient attention to AUCs of public health interventions to prevent illicit drug use. Where reported, it was mostly as an afterthought and narrowly framed as health related. No mentions of potential broader social consequences were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renke L Biallas
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Rehfuess
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M Stratil
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
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Rogowska AM, Nowak PF, Kwaśnicka A. Healthy Behavior as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Optimism and Life Satisfaction in Health Sciences Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1877-1888. [PMID: 34853542 PMCID: PMC8627888 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s335187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study examines the indirect relationship between optimism and life satisfaction via healthy behavior among health sciences students. Participants and Methods The cross-sectional study involved 349 health sciences students, including 58% of women, ranging in age between 19 and 30 years (M = 22.15, SD = 1.83). Self-report questionnaires were used to measure dispositional optimism (the Life Orientation Test-Revised, LOT-R), life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS), and health behaviors (Health Behavior Inventory, HBI), with four subscales: healthy diet (HD), preventive behavior (PB), positive mental attitudes (PMA), and healthy practices (HP). In addition, a single mediation model (with the total HBI as mediator) was compared with a parallel mediation model (with four subscales of the HBI). Gender was controlled as a confounding variable. Results Women scored higher in the total HBI (p < 0.01), HD (p < 0.001) and PB (p < 0.01) than men, while men scored slightly higher in dispositional optimism (p < 0.01). General health behavior (total HBI) completely mediates the relationship between dispositional optimism and life satisfaction, R2 = 0.32. In the parallel model, only PMA was determined as a mediator of the association between dispositional optimism and satisfaction with life, R2 = 0.36. The single mediation model showed perfect fit (X2/df = 0.00, RMSEA = 0.00, SRMR = 0.00, CFI = 1.00, IFI = 1.00, NFI = 1.00), better than the parallel mediation model (X2/df = 2.353, p = 0.095, RMSEA = 0.062, SRMR = 0.020, CFI = 0.995, IFI = 995, NFI = 991). Conclusion The interplay mechanism between personal resources and behavioral health-related habits may explain 32% of life satisfaction variance. The intervention focused on increasing optimistic expectancies and health behaviors should be implemented in universities to increase students’ well-being and prevent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł F Nowak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
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A Social Ecological Approach to Hazardous Alcohol Use among Flemish Higher Education Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218288. [PMID: 33182481 PMCID: PMC7720127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hazardous use of alcohol is a global public health concern. Statistics suggest that this is particularly common in Europe, and among higher education students. Although it has been established that various factors—ranging from the individual to the overarching societal level—are associated with misuse of alcohol, few studies take multiple levels of influence into account simultaneously. The current study, therefore, used a social ecological framework to explore associations between variables from multiple levels of influence and the hazardous use of alcohol. Data were obtained from a representative sample of higher education students from Flanders, Belgium (n = 21,854), and explored using hierarchical multiple regression analyses. The results demonstrated that the individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels, were all associated with risky alcohol consumption. When devising interventions, policymakers should, therefore, take into consideration that variables from multiple levels of influence are at play. Students’ capacities to change or maintain their alcohol consumption behaviors may be undermined if social settings, overarching environments, social norms, and policies are not conducive to their motivations and social expectations.
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