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Bottaro R, Faraci P. The Beck Hopelessness Scale's psychometric features: A new short form based on item response theory. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:457-464. [PMID: 38897306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of hopelessness plays a significant role in preventing various psychological disorders and major life events within the general population. However, the psychometric properties of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) have been a subject of controversy, primarily studied in clinical groups. The aim of the present study was to gain new psychometric insights and propose a new short version of the BHS for the general population using the Item Response Theory (IRT) approach. METHODS A total of 2164 Argentinean individuals completed the BHS alongside the Inventory of Suicide Orientation-30. We compared IRT models with two and three parameters for the original BHS version, exploring the removal of redundant and less informative items. Convergent and discriminant validity was also examined. RESULTS Our results support the 2PL model for the BHS-19. In addition, the BHS-10 short version adequately depicted the same range of the measured trait as the original version, showing reasonable measurement accuracy in the middle-high levels of the trait (marginal reliability = 0.70, Cronbach's α = 0.86). Notably, a positive correlation was found between the factorial score of BHS-10, BHS-19, and suicide orientation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings support the use of a simplified version as a practical and valuable tool for both research and clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Bottaro
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Psychometrics Laboratory, University of Enna "Kore", Italy.
| | - Palmira Faraci
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Psychometrics Laboratory, University of Enna "Kore", Italy.
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Cecchin HFG, da Costa HER, Pacheco GR, de Valencia GB, Murta SG. A mixed methods study of suicide protective factors in college students. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2024; 37:35. [PMID: 39269564 PMCID: PMC11399479 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health professionals, teachers, families, and public administrators are concerned about suicide rates among young people, particularly in the university context. For every ten college students worldwide, three attempt suicide in their lifetime, and two experience suicidal ideation. Reducing these rates requires interventions that recognize the problem in terms of risk factors and protective factors. OBJECTIVE The general aim of the study was to map the protective factors for suicide among college students, as perceived by them, mental health professionals, and coordinators of undergraduate courses in a public university in the North of Brazil. METHODS The study followed an exploratory, mixed-method design. Data were collected through interviews and the application of a questionnaire with 54 participants, including college students (n = 20), mental health professionals (n = 22), and course coordinators (n = 12). Data were analyzed using Content Analysis and simple descriptive statistics. RESULTS The findings show that the protective factors for suicide most cited among the three groups were social support, strengthening of internal resources, institutional support, and finding meaning about the change to enter the university. Although the three audiences did not converge, the protective factors also frequently reported were psychological treatment, leisure activities, religious engagement, medical treatment, civic engagement, employability, opportunities for social ascension offered by the university, and quality family relationships. CONCLUSION It is suggested that these protective factors are considered when formulating policies to promote mental health and suicide prevention in the university environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hareli Fernanda Garcia Cecchin
- PROEST, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Quadra 109 Norte, Av. NS 15, ALCNO-14, Bloco da Reitoria, Térreo, Plano Diretor Norte, Palmas, TO, CEP 77001-090, Brazil.
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Wang Z, Li X, Xu H, Zhang T. Risk and protective factors of suicidal tendencies among freshmen in China revealed by a hierarchical regression model. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:3043-3053. [PMID: 38324038 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify risk and protective factors for suicidal tendencies among college students by exploring current mental health, personal experiences, family environment, and school adaptation. A total of 11,504 freshmen in China were recruited. Suicidal tendencies were assessed using the Adolescents Suicidal Tendencies Scale (ASTS), while explored risk and protective factors included mental health assessed by the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), campus adaptation using the College Student School Adaptation Scale, and Personal Situation Survey. Single-factor Logistic regression analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze the risk and protective factors affecting suicidal tendencies. The results showed that in terms of personal experience, self-injury behavior (OR = 3.522, 95% CI [3.256, 3.811]), sexual assault experience (OR = 2.603, 95% CI [2.374, 2.855]) and lack of friendship relationship (OR = 2.249, 95% CI [2.076, 2.436]) were the most significant risk factors. Regarding family environment, parenting style (OR = 2.455, 95% CI [2.272, 2.652]), parent-child relationship (OR = 2.255, 95% CI [2.092, 2.429]) and violent conflict (OR = 2.164, 95% CI [2.015, 2.324]) were the most prominent risk factors. For protective factors, life satisfaction (OR = 0.330, 95% CI [0.304, 0.359]) and rest quality (OR = 0.415, 95% CI [0.386, 0.447]) were the most significant protective factors. In addition, Symptom Checklist-90 was positively correlated with suicidal tendencies (r = 0.541, 95% CI [0.522, 0.560], p < 0.001), while school adaptation was negatively correlated with suicidal tendencies (r = - 0.590, 95% CI [- 0.579, - 0.601], p < 0.001). After considering demographic variables, psychological symptoms, school adaptation and other risk and protective factors, the hierarchical regression model could explain 48.9% of the variance of suicidal tendencies. The study emphasizes a range of multidimensional risk and protective factors for suicidal tendencies. This enhanced understanding is crucial in aiding the design of future intervention studies targeted at improving the mental health of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiyu Li
- Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Xihua University, Chengdu, China
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Oh H, Jacob L, Soffer-Dudek N, Shin JI, Smith L, Besecker M, Leaune E, Pickering TA. The synergy of depression and flourishing/languishing on suicidal thoughts and behaviors: Findings from a national sample of emerging adult students in higher education in the United States. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309020. [PMID: 39190722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of death among students in higher education, driven in large part by mental illness, but also mental wellness. Relatively few studies have examined the extent to which depression and flourishing/languishing interact in relation to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. METHODS We analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Study (2020-2021; emerging adult students aged 18-29; N = 101,435), and calculated interaction contrast ratios to estimate the interaction between depression and flourishing/languishing on suicidal thoughts and behaviors, using an additive scale, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and food insecurity. RESULTS When compared with students who were flourishing without depression, the students who were languishing without depression, and the students who were depressed but still flourishing had significantly greater odds of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. However, students who were depressed and languishing had the greatest odds, exceeding the sum of the individual effects. CONCLUSION The interaction of depression and flourishing/languishing produced a synergy that increased odds of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Flourishing interventions may prove to be an effective strategy for universal suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Oh
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, AP-HP, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases (EpiAgeing), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nirit Soffer-Dudek
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Underwood Meta-Research Center, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Besecker
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Edouard Leaune
- Center for Suicide Prevention, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- RESearch on HealthcAre PErformance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Trevor A Pickering
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Liu R, Zhao Q, Li S, Gui H, Zhang T, Wang J, Sui J. Parenting Styles and Suicidal Behaviors among College Students: Examining the Mediating Roles of Coping, Self-Esteem, and Depression. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:666. [PMID: 39199062 PMCID: PMC11351271 DOI: 10.3390/bs14080666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is influenced by multiple factors. However, the mechanisms through which these factors influence suicide remain understudied. This study aims to examine the relationship between parenting styles (warmth, control, indulgence, humiliation, and neglect), coping, self-esteem, depression, and suicidality (suicidal ideation and suicide attempts) among college students. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from 2369 undergraduates (mean age = 20.10 years) including 1201 women (50.7%) at four Chinese colleges. RESULTS Students reported high rates of suicidal behaviors (12.7% suicidal ideation, 6.4% suicidal attempts) and depression (37%). Structural equation modeling indicated that warmth (+) had associations with coping. Coping was linked to self-esteem and depression. Depression (+), self-esteem (-), warmth (-), and neglect (+) had direct correlations with suicidality. Self-esteem mediated the relationships between warmth and depression. CONCLUSIONS Future prevention intervention efforts aimed at reducing depression and suicidal behaviors should prioritize the promotion of positive parenting styles and the avoidance of negative ones. College mental health services should emphasize positive and optimistic coping strategies to enhance students' self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishen Liu
- Research Institute for Environment and Health, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (R.L.); (H.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Qun Zhao
- Research Institute for Environment and Health, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (R.L.); (H.G.); (J.S.)
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Shengchang Li
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Hongyu Gui
- Research Institute for Environment and Health, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (R.L.); (H.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Jing Sui
- Research Institute for Environment and Health, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (R.L.); (H.G.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Orlins ER, Slack AJ, Essel B, Chatfield SL. Suicide and suicidality among collegiate student-athletes: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39083804 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2382428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Participation in college athletics has traditionally been presumed to counter poor mental health outcomes including death by suicide. While previously reported incidents generally involve male football players, recent incidents suggest changing trends in frequency, sport, and sex. This research aims to summarize the breadth and limitations of existing research on death by suicide among U.S. collegiate student-athletes. Participants and Methods: This scoping review followed Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. A final sample of 19 research studies were identified through a comprehensive search including APA PsychINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE Complete, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL databases and Gray Literature sources. Results: Most studied outcomes were suicidal ideation and attempt. Research on assessment of suicide prevention interventions for student-athletes is lacking. Conclusions: The paucity of research found on suicidal behaviors among collegiate student-athletes, including a lack of intervention research, in conjunction with recent trends suggest the need for a renewed focus on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Orlins
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Anita J Slack
- University Libraries, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Baaba Essel
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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Oh H, Marinovich C, Jay S, Marsh J, Zhou S, DeVylder JE. COVID-19 factors and self-injurious behaviors among US college students: findings from the healthy minds study 2020. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1350-1354. [PMID: 35728007 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered the way of life in the United States, which may be linked to self-injurious behaviors. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Fall 2020 Cohort of the Healthy Minds Survey, a non-probability sample of students enrolled at one of 28 universities across the United States. Participants completed an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic (September-December, 2020). RESULTS Nearly a quarter of the sample (n = 6999) reported engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), 12.41% (n = 3819) reported suicidal ideation, 4.98% (n = 1531) reported making a suicide plan, and 1.09% (n = 334) reported a suicide attempt over the past 12 months. When accounting for all COVID-19 factors in the same model, COVID-19 related concern, COVID-19 related discrimination, financial distress, and infection were significantly associated with NSSI, suicidal ideation, and suicide plan; caregiving was significantly associated with lower odds of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury. None of the factors were associated with suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that various COVID-19 factors were related to SIB. Interventions may consider multiple dimensions of COVID-19 and their specific impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Caitlin Marinovich
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samantha Jay
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Marsh
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sasha Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jordan E DeVylder
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
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Mandel AA, Revzina O, Hunt S, Rogers ML. Ecological momentary assessments of cognitive dysfunction and passive suicidal ideation among college students. Behav Res Ther 2024; 180:104602. [PMID: 38945042 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction (CD), inclusive of specific cognitive content (e.g., hopelessness, unbearability) or impaired cognitive processes (e.g., attentional fixation on suicide, rumination), is a key risk factor for suicidal ideation (SI). This study aimed to evaluate multiple forms of CD using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to determine the unique contributions of CD to concurrent and prospective SI. Fifty-five college students with a history of SI or non-suicidal self-injury completed EMA surveys measuring momentary CD and passive SI ("Wish to Die" [WTD], "Wish to Stay Alive" [WTL]) four times a day for 14 days (2149 total observations). Passive SI and CD variables showed notable within-person variability. Multiple CD variables were significant predictors of concurrent ideation when examined simultaneously in multilevel models with random intercepts and fixed slopes, and associations were stronger when participants were around others. Controlling for concurrent passive SI, between-person rumination was a significant predictor of prospective WTD, and both within-person unbearability and between-person hopelessness were each predictive of prospective WTL. These findings provide evidence for the roles of specific types of CD in conferring risk for passive SI and highlight potentially malleable factors that can be changed through targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Adler Mandel
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Olga Revzina
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarah Hunt
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Megan L Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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Aluri J, Eisenberg D, Hoban MT, Wilcox HC, Mojtabai R. Discrepancies in prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation and attempts in 18- to 22-year-old US college students: a comparison of three surveys. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02704-3. [PMID: 38900247 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) have been increasing among US college students. Accurate measurement of STB is key to understanding trends and guiding suicide prevention efforts. We aimed to compare the prevalence estimates of STB among college students from two campus-based surveys (the National College Health Assessment [NCHA] and the Healthy Minds Study [HMS]) and one general population study (the National Survey on Drug Use and Health [NSDUH]). METHODS Estimates were generated from the three surveys for past year suicidal ideation (PYSI) and past year suicide attempts (PYSA) among 18- to 22-year-old full-time college students. Data were combined from each survey to develop bivariate and multivariate regression models for odds of PYSI and PYSA. RESULTS Estimates for PYSI varied between the three surveys: 34.3% for NCHA, 15.0% for HMS, and 10.7% for NSDUH. Estimates for PYSA were 2.6% for NCHA, 1.6% for HMS, and 1.7% for NSDUH. After adjusting for demographic and educational characteristics, odds of PYSI remained significantly lower for HMS participants (aOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.29-0.33) and NSDUH participants (aOR 0.19, 95% CI 0.19-0.30) compared to NCHA participants. The odds of PYSA for HMS participants were lower than those for NCHA participants (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.54-0.73). CONCLUSION Estimates of PYSI and PYSA vary between leading sources of data on college student mental health. The differences are likely related to question wording, survey implementation, as well as institutional and individual representation. Accounting for these differences when interpreting estimates of STB can help guide suicide prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Aluri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel Eisenberg
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary T Hoban
- Research Department, American College Health Association, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramin Mojtabai
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hamdan S, Guz T, Zalsman G. The Clinical Sequelae of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Loneliness, Depression, Excessive Alcohol Use, Social Media Addiction, and Risk for Suicide Ideation. Arch Suicide Res 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38756019 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2024.2345170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, loneliness, and alcohol use disorder are associated with suicide ideation. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has challenged our social structures with social distancing and isolation policies implemented worldwide, severely restricting social interactions. Studies regarding the effects of the pandemic are starting to shed light on the harmful psychological effects of these policies. AIMS This study aims to identify whether the increase in suicidal ideation among college students (mostly young adults) during the pandemic was due to the known risk factors of loneliness, depression, alcohol use disorder, social media addiction, and other background variables. METHOD Nine hundred and eleven college students completed self-report questionnaires assessing suicidal risk, depressive symptoms, loneliness, excessive alcohol use, and social media use. RESULTS During the pandemic suicidal ideation was associated with loneliness (χ2 = 54.65, p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (χ2 = 110.82, p < 0.001), alcohol use disorder (χ2 = 10.02, P < 0.01) and social media addiction (χ2 = 13.73, P < 0.001). Being single [OR = 2.55; p < 0.01], and self-identifying as a non-heterosexual [OR = 2.55; p < 0.01] were found to constitute additional risk factors. LIMITATIONS The structural nature of quantitative self-report scales does not offer the flexibility of gaining a deeper understanding of causes, specific to particular circumstances that may lead participants to ideate on suicide, even briefly. CONCLUSIONS Social distancing and isolation policies during the COVID-19 pandemic constitute an additional factor in the risk for suicide ideation.
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Rastogi R, Woolverton GA, Stevens C, Chen JA, Liu CH. Suicidality associated with decreased help-seeking attitudes in college students: Implications for identifying and treating at-risk students. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115825. [PMID: 38460350 PMCID: PMC11194741 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death in college-aged youth, yet only half of all college students report engaging in professional mental health help-seeking. We examined how the various aspects of young adults' suicidality were associated with their openness to pursue professional mental health care in the future (i.e., "future help-seeking intentions"). Multilevel binary logistic regressions were tested in a sample of 24,446 U.S. college undergraduates with suicidality. The moderating effect of past service utilization on future help-seeking intentions was also tested. Strikingly, young people reporting past-year suicidal ideation, past-year suicidal attempts, and self-reported likelihood of a future suicide attempt demonstrated decreased likelihood of future help-seeking intentions, while those reporting prior diagnosis of a mental health condition and/or past service utilization demonstrated an increased likelihood. Past service utilization also significantly moderated the effect of suicide disclosure, such that youth reporting prior disclosure and prior professional treatment-seeking demonstrated greater odds of future help-seeking intentions relative to those who had disclosed suicidality but never utilized professional services. In order to mitigate the mental health crisis facing youth, further exploration is necessary to understand why students with suicidality do not report openness to seek help. It is also imperative to develop and implement novel strategies to identify at-risk students, understand and alleviate relevant barriers to treatment, and promote positive help-seeking attitudes and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Rastogi
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Courtney Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, OR, USA
| | - Justin A Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cindy H Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Pérez S, Layrón JE, Barrigón ML, Baca-García E, Marco JH. Perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and hopelessness as predictors of future suicidal ideation in Spanish university students. DEATH STUDIES 2024; 48:454-464. [PMID: 37449532 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2235569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS) has received support for its role in understanding suicidal thoughts and behaviors. However, few longitudinal studies have focused on testing this theory in university students. The present study aimed to confirm the theoretical model of the IPTS in a sample of 225 Spanish university students, using path analysis in a longitudinal study. We assessed thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness at T1 and hopelessness and suicidal ideation at T2, 12-14 weeks later. Moreover, we assessed suicidal ideation weekly for 14 weeks. Path analyses confirmed the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide model, with thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness as direct and indirect predictors of suicidal ideation through hopelessness. Providers of guidance and clinical services in university settings should be trained to identify perceived burdensomeness, social belongingness, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation when screening for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pérez
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Enrique Layrón
- School of Doctorate, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, International University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Barrigón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Nîmes, Nîmes, France
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Central de Villalba, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose H Marco
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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Zhong W, Liang Q, Yang A, Yan R. Why emotional neglect brings suicidal ideation? The mediating effect of meaning in life and the moderating effect of post-stress growth. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106700. [PMID: 38382400 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional neglect during childhood has long-lasting negative effects on individuals, and it is often hidden and unrecognized. Previous research has not fully understood its unique effects on mental health outcomes, especially when considering the co-occurrence with other forms of maltreatment. The meaning-making coping and growth model suggests that individuals achieve positive psychological outcomes by constructively integrating negative experiences into their self-concept, which may be a protective mechanism against the detrimental effects of emotional neglect. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the relationship between emotional neglect and suicidal ideation among undergraduates, accounting for the presence of emotional abuse and physical neglect, and to investigate the mediating role of meaning in life and the moderating role of post-stress growth in this relationship. METHODS A self-reported survey was conducted with 3132 undergraduate students from a university in South China. The survey assessed emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical neglect, suicidal ideation, post-stress growth, and meaning in life. RESULTS Meaning in life partially mediated the relationship between emotional neglect and suicidal ideation. Post-stress growth moderated the association between emotional neglect and the sense of meaning in life, in particular the moderation effect was stronger when emotional abuse was weaker. CONCLUSIONS Meaning in life mediated the relationship between emotional neglect and suicide ideation. Post-stress growth moderated the mediation effect such that it was weakened among individual with a higher level of post-stress growth. This study contributes to the understanding of the psychopathological processes following emotional neglect and the development of positive personal changes thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhong
- Mental Health Education and Consultation Center, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510420, China
| | - Qianrong Liang
- School of Finance, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510420, China; Institute of Analytical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - An Yang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510420, China.
| | - Ru Yan
- Mental Health Education and Consultation Center, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510420, China.
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14
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Mérida-López S, Quintana-Orts C, Pekaar KA, Pineda-Galán C, Extremera N. Knowing is half the battle: Regulating and appraising emotions co-protect from suicidal ideation. DEATH STUDIES 2024; 48:621-629. [PMID: 38270450 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2305334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
College students, particularly those in healthcare fields, face an elevated risk of suicidal ideation and depression. Therefore, it is essential to explore how both actual and perceived emotional resources may play a role in suicide prevention within this age group. This study examined (1) whether actual self-focused emotion-regulation ability diminishes suicidal ideation through a decrease in depressive symptoms, and (2) whether perceived self-emotion appraisal moderates this relationship. In 312 healthcare students (209 women) actual self-focused emotion-regulation ability was negatively related to suicidal ideation through depressive symptoms. Furthermore, perceived self-emotion appraisal buffered the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Findings suggest that perceived self-emotion appraisal may reinforce the adaptiveness of actual self-focused emotion-regulation ability as a protective factor for psychological maladjustment. The results indicate the collaborative ability to regulate one's emotions coupled with the self-perception of emotion appraisal could effectively alleviate the potential progression of emotional difficulties among healthcare students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keri A Pekaar
- Human Resource Studies, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Diab P, Andrews K. Supports for university counselors impacted by student suicide: A systematic review and thematic synthesis. DEATH STUDIES 2024; 48:609-620. [PMID: 38258427 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2304780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and thematic synthesis was to identify and consolidate research on the support needs of impacted Higher Education (HE) counselors that have experienced a student suicide death. When exposed to a student suicide death, counselors are often extensively involved in a postvention response. This systematic review synthesized four qualitative papers that explored the experiences of staff impacted by student suicide. Thematic synthesis revealed three core themes: The unknown, responding, and the known, and six subthemes: Gaps in knowledge of individual experience, gaps in knowledge of organizational impact, extrospective responding, introspective responding, the needs of impacted counselors, the degree of impact, and the support processes that arise from needs. The results provide a summary of the current supports available to impacted HE counselors and considerations relevant to their postvention needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Diab
- School of Law and Society, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katrina Andrews
- School of Law and Society, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Fernandes Martins Molina NP, Pereira Júnior ADC, Di Donato G, Pillon SC, Giacchero Vedana KG, de Medeiros Alves V, Miasso AI. Factors associated with suicide risk among Brazilian graduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. DEATH STUDIES 2023; 48:894-904. [PMID: 38019646 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2285936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Though pandemic-related suicides are a concern, little is known about factors potentially linking graduate student life and suicide risk. This study identified factors associated with suicide risk among Brazilian graduate students (N = 5,344) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, this study revealed that 31.5% of participants presented some risk for suicide: 16.6% "low risk," 4.7% "moderate risk," and 10.2% "high risk." Higher income and religious affiliation were identified as protective factors. Identified risk factors encompass non-heterosexual orientation, a history of depression or posttraumatic stress or common mental disorders diagnoses, the use of medications-both general and psychopharmaceuticals-without medical prescription, antipsychotics use, alcohol consumption, lack of health insurance, and dissatisfaction with life as a result of accessing social media networks. The high vulnerability of graduate students to suicide risk highlights the need for institutional suicide prevention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriela Di Donato
- Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, University of São Paulo - EERP-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Ruork AK, Maimone JS, Bentley KH, Kleiman EM. Latent Profile Analysis of Urges for Suicidal and Self-Harming Behavior: The Role of Social Support Instability. Arch Suicide Res 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37997436 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2280225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
College counseling centers are seeing increasing rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among students. The high degree of need and limited resources underscores the need for novel approaches to identify at-risk students. We used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify subgroups of students (n = 371) with different patterns of interpersonal factors and examine whether these subgroups differed by risk for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. The best-fitting LPA had three profiles, which differed in urges to die by suicide and engage in NSSI. The profile with low average social support and higher instability (greater day-to-day fluctuations of self-reported social support and rejection) was associated with greatest risk, suggesting that this combination leaves individuals more vulnerable to suicide and NSSI.
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18
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Baker SN, Burr EK, De Leon AN, Leary AV, Rozek DC, Dvorak RD. The Mediating Roles of Affect Lability and Experiential Avoidance Between Distress Tolerance and Suicidal Ideation Among College Students. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231216671. [PMID: 37967570 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231216671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Suicidal ideation (SI) is highly prevalent among college students. Research has shown that college students are also more likely to experience low distress tolerance, affect lability, and experiential avoidance, which have been linked to SI. There is a critical need to examine the mechanisms that increase the risk of SI among college students. It is hypothesized that distress tolerance will be a strong predictor of SI, and affect lability as well as experiential avoidance will mediate this relationship. Participants and Methods: Participants (n = 820) from a Southeastern University completed an online survey, inquiring about demographic information, affect lability, SI, experiential avoidance, and distress tolerance. Data were analyzed utilizing structural equation modeling. Results: Distress tolerance was not directly related to SI. However, affect lability and experiential avoidance were found to mediate this relationship. Conclusions: Affect lability and experiential avoidance may be important predictors of SI among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily K Burr
- The University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | | | - David C Rozek
- The University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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19
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Abbott-Smith S, Ring N, Dougall N, Davey J. Suicide prevention: What does the evidence show for the effectiveness of safety planning for children and young people? - A systematic scoping review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023; 30:899-910. [PMID: 37052321 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Suicide prevention is an international healthcare priority. There is an urgent need to use approaches that are helpful and follow research evidence. Safety planning is now widely used in suicide prevention; however, it was developed for use with adults, and little is known about its effectiveness for children/young people. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This systematic scoping review brings together all research evidence since 2008 that reported how effective safety planning is for children/young people. Findings highlight that when healthcare professionals help children/young people who are suicidal, they need to ensure that the safety plan is completed collaboratively with healthcare professionals and children/young people and that it is appropriate for their age and development. There is also need for healthcare professionals to better recognize and respond to the needs of parents/carers who are caring for a child/young person with suicidal ideations/behaviours. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: There is some research indicating that safety planning is effective for use with children/young people, but such evidence has primarily been obtained from females and there is need for more evidence from male study populations. Further research on its use is needed for certain groups of children/young people including those who are care experienced, or identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender. This review highlighted that healthcare professionals need specific training before they deliver safety planning for children/young people. It was identified that parents/carers have additional needs and should be involved in safety planning. An additional resource specifically for parents/carers should be developed. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Suicide is a leading cause of death for children and young people and its prevention is a global priority. Many Mental Health Services employ safety planning as a brief intervention. There is some evidence of safety planning effectiveness for adults, but little is known about its effectiveness with young people. AIM To synthesize research reporting safety planning effectiveness for children/young people with suicidal ideation and identify good practice recommendations. INCLUSION CRITERIA The review relates to safety planning around suicide prevention for children/young people aged less than 18 years, even if it was within a wider intervention. The review was inclusive of all clinical areas (including mental health, primary care, etc), any geographical location or social economic status and inclusivity around the method of delivery. METHODS A systematic scoping review of literature reporting effectiveness data for the use of safety planning with children/young people with suicidal ideation. The systematic scoping review protocol (pre-registered with Open Science Framework) followed Joanna Briggs Institute conduct guidance and PRISMA-ScR checklist. DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION Fifteen studies were reported during 2008-2021. Overall, there is promising, but limited, evidence of effectiveness for safety planning for children/young people but with complete evidence gaps for some demographic sub-groups. Evidence determined that healthcare professionals should deliver a safety planning intervention that is completed collaboratively, developmentally appropriate, and recognizes parental/carer involvement. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Further research is needed but current evidence suggests safety planning should be a routine part of care packages for children/young people with suicidal ideation proportionate to their needs. Developing/implementing these plans needs bespoke health professional training and additional support and resources for parents/carers should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Abbott-Smith
- NHS Lothian-CAMHS, Royal Hospital Children and Young People 50 Little France, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Napier University-Health and Social Care, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola Ring
- Edinburgh Napier University-Health and Social Care, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nadine Dougall
- Edinburgh Napier University-Health and Social Care, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jill Davey
- Edinburgh Napier University-Health and Social Care, Edinburgh, UK
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20
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Gilmore AK, López CM, Mullican KN, Davis KC, Leone RM, Orchowski LM, Kaysen D, Moreland AD. Sexual Assault, Posttraumatic Stress, Alcohol Use, and Suicidality Among Diverse College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:10588-10610. [PMID: 37226725 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231174698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death among college-aged populations. This study examined the association of demographics (sexual orientation, gender identity, age, and race), sexual assault, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and alcohol use with suicidality, current urge to self-harm, and current suicidal intent among a diverse sample of college students (n = 2,160) from two universities. Over half of participants reported any suicidality (63.5%), 12% reported current urge to harm themselves, and 5% reported current suicidal intent. A linear regression indicated that participants who identified as a sexual minority, gender minority, consumed more drinks per week, and had more severe PTSS reported higher levels of suicidality. University also was associated with suicidality. A negative binomial regression demonstrated that participants who identified as a sexual minority and had more severe PTSS had more current urge to harm themselves. Further, a negative binomial regression demonstrated that first-generation college students, students with more severe sexual assault histories, and students with more severe PTSS had higher current suicidal intent. Findings suggest that risk factors may differ for college students' general suicidality, self-harm urges, and suicidal intent, suggesting that these may be separate constructs. More comprehensive models, incorporating multiple risk factors and multiple ways of assessing suicidality, are needed to better understand the range of college student suicidal behavior and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lindsay M Orchowski
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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21
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De Oliveira JM, Dueñas JM, Morales-Vives F, Gallardo-Nieto E. Educational agents and institutions called into action in suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1213751. [PMID: 37780143 PMCID: PMC10539586 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1213751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Suicide is the second leading cause of death in the 15 to 29 age group worldwide, and is a severe public health problem. Adolescent and young adult individuals attend educational institutions which can play an essential role in detecting and preventing suicide. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to identify what educational institutions and agents are called into action in suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention. Methods The method of systematic review of the literature based on the PRISMA protocol was used. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020189127). The systematic review yielded 66 articles published between 1990 and February 2023. Results The results show that a wide variety of educational stakeholders are required to intervene for suicide prevention, interventions and postvention between primary education and college. The study describes the different programs that have been provided, the countries in which they have been implemented and the agents who have been targeted. It also identifies gaps in the research on suicide in the educational field. Discussion Overall, educational suicide initiatives report positive effects on participants' understanding, attitudes, and beliefs regarding suicide and suicide prevention, although some studies have expressed some caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge-Manuel Dueñas
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Psychology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fabia Morales-Vives
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Psychology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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22
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Rivera Juarez AG, Prichard JR, Berg SS. Psychological Well-Being in Asian and Asian American University Students: Impacts of Discrimination During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:510-518. [PMID: 37318412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine what modifiable behavioral and sociological factors were predictive of psychological distress and suicide risk in Asian and Asian American students, the ethnic group with the highest unmet mental health need in collegiate populations. We also compared these relationships in Fall 2019 to Fall 2020 to better understand how the impact of these factors changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and concurrent increase in Anti-Asian discrimination. METHODS We used factor analysis to extract a wide range of predictor variables from the Fall 2019 and Fall 2020 American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment III. Next, we used structural equation modeling to identify significant drivers of psychological distress (Kessler-6 scale) and suicidality (Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised scale) in Asian and Asian American students (n = 4,681 in 2019 and 1,672 in 2020). RESULTS When compared to 2019, experiencing discrimination in 2020 had a substantially larger effect on both psychological distress and suicidality among Asian and Asian American university students. Loneliness and depression were also significant drivers of negative mental health outcomes both years, and their effect magnitudes remained largely unchanged. Being well rested had a protective effect against psychological distress both years. DISCUSSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, discrimination was an important driver of psychological distress and suicidality in Asian and Asian American students. These findings suggest that organizations should enhance culturally competent mental healthcare services, while also working at the systems level to reduce bias and discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Rivera Juarez
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - J Roxanne Prichard
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota.
| | - Sergey S Berg
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota
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23
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Grażka A, Strzelecki D. Early Maladaptive Schemas and Schema Modes among People with Histories of Suicidality and the Possibility of a Universal Pattern: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1216. [PMID: 37626572 PMCID: PMC10452338 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of variables affecting suicidality and the search for interventions to reduce suicide risk are priorities among mental health researchers. A promising direction for such research is schema therapy and its two main constructs, i.e., early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and schema modes. METHODS This systematic review was designed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. It summarizes the studies conducted to date that describe the relationship between EMSs and schema modes and measures of suicidality in individuals over the age of 16. RESULTS The review confirmed that there are many significant associations between EMSs (especially from the Disconnection/Rejection domain) and suicide risk. Although only one study was found that explores the association between schema modes and suicidality, the correlations it identified are also confirmed here. DISCUSSION The results show the unquestionable importance of EMSs and schema modes in assessing suicide risk. The co-occurrence of these variables represents the first step in further assessing causality and introducing schema therapy techniques into work with patients who are at risk of suicide. This issue requires more extensive experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
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Kirlic N, Akeman E, DeVille DC, Yeh HW, Cosgrove KT, McDermott TJ, Touthang J, Clausen A, Paulus MP, Aupperle RL. A machine learning analysis of risk and protective factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1863-1872. [PMID: 34292856 PMCID: PMC8782938 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify robust and reproducible factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) in college students. METHODS 356 first-year university students completed a large battery of demographic and clinically-relevant self-report measures during the first semester of college and end-of-year (n = 228). Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) assessed STBs. A machine learning (ML) pipeline using stacking and nested cross-validation examined correlates of SBQ-R scores. RESULTS 9.6% of students were identified at significant STBs risk by the SBQ-R. The ML algorithm explained 28.3% of variance (95%CI: 28-28.5%) in baseline SBQ-R scores, with depression severity, social isolation, meaning and purpose in life, and positive affect among the most important factors. There was a significant reduction in STBs at end-of-year with only 1.8% of students identified at significant risk. CONCLUSION Analyses replicated known factors associated with STBs during the first semester of college and identified novel, potentially modifiable factors including positive affect and social connectedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namik Kirlic
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Danielle C. DeVille
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kelly T. Cosgrove
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Timothy J. McDermott
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Ashley Clausen
- Education and Clinical Center, VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Robin L. Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- School of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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25
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Servaty-Seib HL, Williams P, Liew CH. Interpersonal and intrapersonal predictors of suicidal thoughts and actions in first-year college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:670-676. [PMID: 33939948 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1904950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine the unique predictors of suicide risk in first-year college students. PARTICIPANTS First-year students (N = 665) at a Midwestern university participated. METHODS An online survey assessed Joiner's interpersonal factors (i.e., thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability) as well as intrapersonal factors (i.e., perfectionism, self-compassion, emotional intelligence/reactivity, and growth mindset) often associated with suicidal thoughts and actions. RESULTS Linear regression indicated that the factor set significantly predicted thoughts, F (12, 632) = 114.90, p < .000, R2 = .680, and actions, F (12, 632) = 58.42, p < .000, R2 = .526. Perceived burdensomeness, acquired capability, and underrepresented sexual orientation were positive predictors of both thoughts and actions, whereas growth mindset was a negative predictor of thoughts and stressful life events was a positive predictor of actions. CONCLUSION The results offer direction for evidence-informed interventions aimed at reducing suicide risk in first-year college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parrish Williams
- Educational Studies Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Chye Hong Liew
- Educational Studies Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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26
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Bantjes J, Kessler MJ, Hunt X, Kessler RC, Stein DJ. Prevalence and correlates of 30-day suicidal ideation and intent: Results of the South African National Student Mental Health Survey. S Afr Med J 2023. [DOI: 10.7196/samj.2023.v113i4.16753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Although suicide prevention is recognised as a priority among university students in South Africa (SA), it is unclear whatproportion of students require urgent indicated interventions and what the characteristics are of these students.Objective. To assess the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of 30-day suicidal ideation, frequency of ideation and self-reported intention to act on ideation in the next year among a national sample of SA university students.Methods. Self-report cross-sectional data were collected online from students (N=28 268) at 17 universities across SA as part of the national student mental health survey. Students reported suicidal ideation in the past 30 days, frequency of ideation and intention to act on ideation in the next year. Data were weighted within institutions by gender and population group, and across the four main types of universities (historically white, historically disadvantaged, technical and distance learning) to correct for response rate discrepancies. Prevalence was estimated with these weighted in the total sample and across types of universities. Poisson regression with robust error variances was used to investigate associations of sociodemographic characteristics with ideation and intention to act on suicidal ideation. Results are reported as relative risks (RRs) with design-based 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results. Thirty-day prevalence of suicidal ideation was 24.4% (standard error (SE) 0.3), with 2.1% (SE 0.1) and 4.1% (SE 0.1), respectively,reporting suicidal ideation all/almost all the time, or most of the time. A total of 1.5% (SE 0.1) of respondents reported being very likely to act on their suicidal ideation, while 3.9% (SE 0.2) were somewhat likely, 8.7% (SE 0.2) were not very likely and 85.8 (SE 0.5) either reported no suicidal ideation or that they were not at all likely to act on this ideation. Risk of suicidal ideation with high intent in the total sample was elevated among females (RR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3 - 2.7) and gender non-conforming students (RR 4.3, 95% CI 1.4 - 13.0) relative to males, black African students compared with white students (RR 3.6, 95% CI 1.9 - 7.1), students whose parents did not progress to secondary school compared with students whose parents had a university education (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0 - 2.5) and sexual minority students compared with heterosexual students (RR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3 - 2.6). Among students with 30-day ideation (controlling for frequency of ideation), only two of these predictors of high intent remained significant: identifying as black African (RR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4 - 5.1), and having parents with less than secondary education (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 - 2.1).Conclusion. Scalable suicide prevention interventions are needed to reach the large number of SA students who report suicidal ideation with intent.
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Wei X, An F, Liu C, Li K, Wu L, Ren L, Liu X. Escaping negative moods and concentration problems play bridge roles in the symptom network of problematic smartphone use and depression. Front Public Health 2023; 10:981136. [PMID: 36733277 PMCID: PMC9886682 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.981136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has become an issue of great concern in the age of smartphones. PSU is associated with emotional problems, one of which is depression, as shown by empirical studies. However, previous studies have been limited in that they have focused solely on the total score for symptoms of PSU and depression while ignoring the symptomatic heterogeneity of these two concepts. Method This study filled this gap by exploring links between symptoms of PSU and depression among 1,849 university students (59.17% female participants, 17-23 years old). Network analysis was utilized to reveal symptom connections, central symptoms, and bridge symptoms between PSU and depression. Results (1) A total of 17 of 81 symptom connections (about 21%) between PSU and depression existed in the symptom network. For example, "self-control failure" for PSU was positively correlated with "concentration problems" for depression; (2) "recklessly continuing" for PSU and "fatigue" for depression were central symptoms within the PSU symptom network and depression symptom network, respectively; (3) "escaping negative moods" for PSU and "concentration problems" for depression were bridge symptoms. The former was maximumly connected with the depression symptoms and the latter was maximumly connected with the PSU symptoms; and (4) gender had very minimal influence on the network characteristics. Conclusion The results are in keeping with the central idea of the compensatory internet use theory that excessive smartphone use may be a coping strategy for depressed emotions derived from escaping motivation. Moreover, concentration problems may be a mediator explaining how negative emotions (e.g., depression) cause PSU, which is undefined in current internet use theories. Finally, symptom connections, central symptoms, and bridge symptoms could be potential targets for the prevention and intervention of PSU and depression in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wei
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fei An
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Chang Liu
- BrainPark, School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VI, Australia
| | - Kuiliang Li
- Department of Developmental Psychology of Armyman, Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xian, China,Lei Ren ✉
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xian, China,*Correspondence: Xufeng Liu ✉
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Tubbs AS, Taneja K, Ghani SB, Nadorff MR, Drapeau CW, Karp JF, Fernandez FX, Perlis ML, Grandner MA. Sleep continuity, timing, quality, and disorder are associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36596225 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2155828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate sleep continuity, timing, quality, and disorder in relation to suicidal ideation and attempts among college students. Participants: Eight hundred eighty-five undergraduates aged 18-25 in the southwestern United States. Methods: Participants completed questionnaires on sleep, suicide risk, mental health, and substance use. Differences in sleep variables were compared by lifetime and recent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts using covariate-adjusted and stepwise regression models. Results: A total of 363 (41.0%) individuals reported lifetime suicidal ideation, of whom 172 (47.4%) reported suicidal ideation in the last 3 months and 97 (26.7%) had attempted suicide in their lifetime. Sleep disturbances were prevalent among those with lifetime suicidal ideation or a lifetime suicide attempt. Insomnia was identified as the best predictor of recent suicidal ideation, but this relationship did not survive adjustment for covariates. Conclusions: Sleep continuity, quality, and sleep disorders are broadly associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Tubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Krishna Taneja
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sadia B Ghani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael R Nadorff
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher W Drapeau
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jordan F Karp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Michael L Perlis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael A Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Yunitasari E, Yusuf A, Aditya RS, Acob JRU, Solikhah FK, Alrazeeni DM. Nursing Students Facilitating the Transition from Suicidal Ideation to Action in the Rural: A Qualitative Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:171-180. [PMID: 36698698 PMCID: PMC9869691 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s387362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to increase understanding of the process of nursing students at risk of completing suicide attempts that facilitates the transition from suicidal ideation to action. And The Central Bureau of Statistics, there were 812 suicide cases throughout Indonesia. METHODS The qualitative research involved 15 nursing students who were selected purposively. data collection in rural East Java Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi phenomenological method. RESULTS We identified six main themes; 1 (the dimension of individual history). 2 (socio-cultural dimension) describes the problems experienced by nursing students on campus and off campus. 3 (interpersonal dimension). 4 (intrapersonal dimension); Factors of family conflict, peer conflict, and psychiatric and/or medical disorders. 5 (emotional dimension). 6. (be a good listener). CONCLUSION The intrapersonal element is the most influential catalyst in the progression from suicidal ideation to action. As prospective targets for preventive interventions and practices with nursing students at risk of suicide, our findings suggest the need for specific measures addressing freshman recruitment during selection for faculty, emotional dysregulation, and feelings of invalidity and entrapment. Nursing students need intrapersonal training. Being a good listener for all students, lecturers and staff is important to create a support system for suicide prevention in the nursing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esti Yunitasari
- Department of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ah Yusuf
- Department of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ronal Surya Aditya
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Joel Rey U Acob
- Department of Nursing, Visayas State University, Visayas, Philippines
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30
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Psychometric evaluation of the interpersonal needs questionnaire in the Indonesian language. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279272. [PMID: 36525445 PMCID: PMC9757555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide remains one of the leading causes of death among youths and the commonly reported associated risk factor is interpersonal needs, which consists of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. To date, there is no validated interpersonal needs questionnaire in Indonesia. Therefore, this research aims to validate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ-15) among adolescents and young adults in the Indonesian language. Based on the results, the INQ-15 has high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. It was also found to have satisfactory content and concurrent validity, as well as support two factor model of factorial validity. This implies that The Indonesian version of the INQ-15 is a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure the interpersonal needs among adolescents and young adults, both in clinical and research applications.
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31
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Bantjes J, Hunt X, Stein DJ. Public Health Approaches to Promoting University Students' Mental Health: A Global Perspective. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:809-818. [PMID: 36399235 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Provide a critical overview of recent global advances in student mental health from a public health perspective, highlighting key challenges and gaps in the literature. RECENT FINDINGS Mental disorders and suicidality are common among university students globally. However, there is a significant treatment gap even though evidence-based treatments are available. To overcome barriers to treatment, public health interventions should be conceptualized within a developmental paradigm that takes cognizance of the developmental tasks of young adulthood. Traditional one-on-one treatment approaches will not be a cost-effective or sustainable way to close the treatment gap among students. A range of evidence-based interventions is available to promote students' mental health; however, novel approaches are needed to scale up services and adapt intervention delivery to suit student specific contexts. Digital interventions and peer-to-peer interventions could be a cost-effective way to scale-up and expand the range of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bantjes
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Xanthe Hunt
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. .,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Legrand FD, Lallement D, Kasmi S. Physical activity can reduce hopelessness among women admitted to psychiatric short stay unit following a suicide crisis. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:567-571. [PMID: 36201969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a growing number of countries, brief hospitalizations in psychiatric short stay units (SSUs) are proposed to patients in acute mental health crisis (typically suicide crisis). AIMS This pilot study's purpose was to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and plausible efficacy of two days of 30 min of brisk-walking/jogging compared to 30 min of sedentary activities in suicidal inpatients from a French psychiatric SSU. METHODS Twelve female adults completed the study. Participants in the brisk-walking/jogging group (n = 6) received two exercise sessions of 30 min separated by a time interval of 24 h. Participants in the control group (n = 6) did not receive the exercise intervention, but were asked to engage in sedentary activities of similar duration at the same time of the day. Measures of hopelessness and optimism/pessimism were administered at the intake and final assessments. In addition, other performance indicators were explored and provide the readers with information about the feasibility and acceptability of intervention. RESULTS Findings showed strong feasibility and acceptability (no serious adverse event, adherence and retention rates around 75%-80%, and high patients satisfaction ratings). Significant differences between groups favoring women who exercised were oberved in the score change of hopelessness (Hedges's g = -1.29, 95% CI [-2.65, -0.08]). CONCLUSION The present study provides preliminary evidence for the plausible adjunctive efficacy of physical activity to alleviate the psychological distress suffered by suicidal patients in a psychiatric SSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien D Legrand
- EA 6291, Cognition, Health, and Society, Department of Psychology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France.
| | - Dany Lallement
- EA 6291, Cognition, Health, and Society, Department of Psychology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - Souhela Kasmi
- EA 6291, Cognition, Health, and Society, Department of Psychology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
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Machisa MT, Chirwa E, Mahlangu P, Nunze N, Sikweyiya Y, Dartnall E, Pillay M, Jewkes R. Suicidal Thoughts, Depression, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Harmful Alcohol Use Associated with Intimate Partner Violence and Rape Exposures among Female Students in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7913. [PMID: 35805572 PMCID: PMC9266174 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While ample evidence from high-income country settings indicates the prevalence and risk factors for multiple mental ill-health symptoms in student populations, evidence from low- and middle-income higher education settings remains limited. We determined the frequency, associations, and structural pathways between mental health outcomes and possible risk factors among a sample of 1292 predominantly Black African and female students ages 18-30 years, enrolled at nine purposefully selected public universities and Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) campuses. We measured and created a mental ill-health latent outcome consisting of depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal thoughts. We also measured traumatic exposures including childhood trauma, recent intimate partner violence (IPV), non-partner rape, and other life traumatic events. We used structural equation modelling to analyse data. We found that 50% of the surveyed students binge drank, 43% reported depressive symptoms, 9% reported PTSD symptoms, and 21% had suicidal thoughts. Students' experiences of childhood trauma, food insecurity, other traumatic events, non-partner rape, and IPV impacted the mental ill-health latent. IPV experiences mediated the relationships between experiences of childhood trauma or other trauma and the mental ill-health latent, and the relationship between binge drinking and other life traumatic events. Non-partner rape mediated the relationship between food insecurity and the mental ill-health latent. Binge drinking directly impacted non-partner rape experience. The findings substantiate the need for campus-based mental health promotion, psychosocial services and treatments, and implementation of combined interventions that address the intersections of violence against women and mental health among students in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercilene Tanyaradzwa Machisa
- South African Medical Research Council Gender and Health Research Unit, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Pretoria Private Bag x385, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (E.C.); (P.M.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (R.J.)
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 60 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Esnat Chirwa
- South African Medical Research Council Gender and Health Research Unit, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Pretoria Private Bag x385, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (E.C.); (P.M.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (R.J.)
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 60 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Pinky Mahlangu
- South African Medical Research Council Gender and Health Research Unit, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Pretoria Private Bag x385, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (E.C.); (P.M.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (R.J.)
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 60 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Ncediswa Nunze
- South African Medical Research Council Gender and Health Research Unit, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Pretoria Private Bag x385, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (E.C.); (P.M.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (R.J.)
| | - Yandisa Sikweyiya
- South African Medical Research Council Gender and Health Research Unit, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Pretoria Private Bag x385, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (E.C.); (P.M.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (R.J.)
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 60 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Dartnall
- Sexual Violence Research Initiative, 28 High Street, Waterkloof, Pretoria 0145, South Africa;
| | - Managa Pillay
- Department of Basic Education, 222 Struben Street, Pretoria Central, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Rachel Jewkes
- South African Medical Research Council Gender and Health Research Unit, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Pretoria Private Bag x385, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (E.C.); (P.M.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (R.J.)
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 60 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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Lai T, Liang W, Zhong M, Zhu P, Li B. Current Status of Chinese Medical Students' Professional Identity After COVID-19 and the Factors That Influence It. Front Psychol 2022; 13:816767. [PMID: 35693496 PMCID: PMC9174680 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.816767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the current situation regarding medical students' professional identity after COVID-19 in China, as well as the factors that influence it. Questionnaire compiled by Fujian Medical University and self-designed were used, and participators were from one Medical University in Jiangxi Province, a central city of China. Results showed that the professional identity of medical students was upper middle level and the professional attitude was generally positive. There was a significant sex difference in terms of value (t = 2.057, p < 0.05) which the scores for boys were higher than girls, whereas the scores for girls were higher than boys when it came to aspects such as professional environment (t = -3.918, p < 0.001) and professional cognition (t = -3.855, p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the sense of professional identity between people with and without siblings (t = 2.264, p < 0.05). The scores of students who participated in prevention and control of the epidemic were significantly higher than those who did not (t = 2.267, p < 0.01). Professional identity decreased gradually in related to higher grades, but it increased at the graduate stage; the grade [F (5,635) = 10.302, p < 0.001] and majors [F (2,635) = 5.718, p < 0.01] differences were significant. Factors such as family members' influence, attitude toward occupation, grades, major, registered residence, and college choosing were the main factors that influenced medical students' professional identity. Overall, the medical students' professional identity needs to be further strengthened in the post COVID-19, it should be increased education regarding career development and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghong Lai
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Nursing, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Weidong Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Maolin Zhong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Pingping Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Yang L, Li F. Application of Dance Movement Therapy to Life-Death Education of College Students Under Educational Psychology. Front Psychol 2022; 13:782771. [PMID: 35450334 PMCID: PMC9017710 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.782771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to efficiently carry out life-death education (LDE) for college students, improve their psychological problems, and reduce suicide accidents by combining LDE with Dance Movement Therapy (DMT). DMT is a psychosomatic cross therapy that treats mental or physical diseases through dance or improvisation. Firstly, this paper introduces LDE and DMT and designs the activities of DMT intervention. Secondly, the relationship between DMT and LDE is analyzed. Finally, a questionnaire survey is conducted on the research objects. The research objects are divided into the experimental group receiving DMT intervention, the control group participating in sports dance courses, and the benchmark group. The research data show no significant difference in interpersonal skills and emotional psychology among the three groups. The DMT intervention group has substantial changes in other factors except for the conflict control ability before and after the intervention. In addition, the questionnaire survey results after the intervention demonstrate that the DMT intervention group gets a significantly higher score in the interpersonal relationship, interpersonal relationship building ability, moderate rejection ability, self-disclosure ability, and emotional support ability. Therefore, DMT intervention positively impacts college students' interpersonal relationships. After the sports dance course, there are differences in the total score of interpersonal ties and scores of interpersonal relationships building ability, self-disclosure ability, and emotional support ability in the control group, but with no significant difference in moderate rejection ability and conflict control ability. Therefore, compared with traditional psychotherapy methods, the DMT method reported here is conducive to releasing pressure and alleviating physical and mental anxiety. The research content provides new ideas for psychological education in colleges and universities and contributes to improving college students' suicidal tendencies and helping college students grow up healthily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- College of Arts, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
- Faculty of Music and Performing Arts, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjung Malim, Malaysia
| | - Fen Li
- Management College, Shinawatra University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Calati R, Romano D, Magliocca S, Madeddu F, Zeppegno P, Gramaglia C. The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide and the role of psychological pain during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:435-439. [PMID: 35077712 PMCID: PMC8782756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the most investigated theories explaining suicidal behavior there are the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide (IPTS) by Thomas E. Joiner and the one focused on the construct of psychological pain (or psychache, or mental pain). OBJECTIVE Since it remains unclear whether these two different theories correlate with each other in the explanation of suicidal risk, we used a network analysis approach to investigate the complex interplay between both IPTS and psychological pain theories and history of suicidal planning and/or suicide attempt (SP/SA). METHODS A sample of 1,586 university students from various Italian universities was recruited between April 24th, 2020 and February 23rd, 2021, hence during the COVID-19 pandemic. To be included subjects should have been university students and aged between 18 and 35 years old. RESULTS Within a network that included the core factors from both models (IPTS and psychological pain), higher fearlessness about death (Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale-Fearlessness About Death, ACSS-FAD) and higher psychological pain (Psychache Scale) were the variables most strongly associated with history of SP/SA. CONCLUSIONS Considering a large number of variables, history of SP/SA was explained in particular by fearlessness about death and psychological pain in university students. Hence these aspects should be targeted in the treatment for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Calati
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, U6 Building, Room 3129, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milan 20126, Italy; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France.
| | - Daniele Romano
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, U6 Building, Room 3129, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milan 20126, Italy,Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Italy
| | - Sara Magliocca
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, U6 Building, Room 3129, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Fabio Madeddu
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, U6 Building, Room 3129, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy,S.C. Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Carla Gramaglia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy,S.C. Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
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Kaggwa MM, Arinaitwe I, Muwanguzi M, Nduhuura E, Kajjimu J, Kule M, Najjuka SM, Nkola R, Ajuna N, Wamala NK, Machacha I, Mamun MA, Ho CSH, Griffiths MD, Rukundo GZ. Suicidal behaviours among Ugandan university students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:234. [PMID: 35365105 PMCID: PMC8972906 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide remains the leading cause of death among university students often resulting from multiple physical and psychological challenges. Moreover, suicidal behaviours among students appear to have increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic according to some studies. OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence and associated factors for suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts among university students in Uganda. METHODS Cross-sectional study data were collected from May to September 2021 from 540 undergraduate university students in south-western Uganda (363 males, mean age 23.3 years). Questions from the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used to assess suicidal ideation, while other bespoke questions were used to assess suicide plans and attempts. The survey also investigated the suicide attempt/plan method, location of the suicidal activity, and reason for not enacting the suicide plan. Three independent regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with different forms of suicidal behaviours. RESULTS The prevalence of past-year suicidal behaviours was 31.85% for suicidal ideation, 8.15% for suicide plans, and 6.11% for suicide attempts. Having a chronic physical medical condition increased the likelihood of having all forms of suicidal behaviours. Suicidal ideation was associated with having difficulty paying university tuition fees. However, being in the fifth year of university education, and feeling satisfied with current academic grades reduced the likelihood of suicidal ideation. Individuals feeling satisfied with academic performance appeared to be a protective factor against having suicide plans. Suicide attempts were associated with having a history of sexual abuse and having difficulty paying university tuition fees. The most common method used for attempted suicide was a drug overdose, and the most common location for attempted suicide was their homes. CONCLUSION University students have prevalent suicide behaviours especially among students with a chronic physical medical condition, a history of sexual abuse, and problems paying university tuition fees. Based on the present study, for students at risk, universities should provide appropriate interventions such as life skills education and suicide prevention techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda ,African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, 379, Uganda
| | - Innocent Arinaitwe
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda.
| | - Moses Muwanguzi
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda
| | - Elicana Nduhuura
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda
| | - Jonathan Kajjimu
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda
| | - Moses Kule
- grid.459749.20000 0000 9352 6415Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, 40, Uganda
| | - Sarah Maria Najjuka
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, 7072, Uganda
| | - Rahel Nkola
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda ,African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, 379, Uganda
| | - Noble Ajuna
- grid.448548.10000 0004 0466 5982Department of Nursing, Bishop Stuart University, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Nicholas Kisaakye Wamala
- grid.440478.b0000 0004 0648 1247Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University – western Campus, Kampala, 20000, Uganda
| | - Ivan Machacha
- grid.449527.90000 0004 0534 1218School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, 364, Uganda
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh ,grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh ,grid.442989.a0000 0001 2226 6721Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Cyrus Su-Hui Ho
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119007 Singapore
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- grid.12361.370000 0001 0727 0669Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, 1410, Uganda ,African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, 379, Uganda
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Layrón Folgado JE, Conchado Peiró A, Marco JH, Barrigón ML, Baca-García E, Pérez Rodríguez S. Trajectory Analysis of Suicidal Ideation in Spanish College Students Using Ecological Momentary Assessment. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:853464. [PMID: 35432031 PMCID: PMC9008881 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.853464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Suicide is a preventable death in young people. It is well known that suicide behavior is a multicausal phenomenon. However, suicidal ideation (SI) commonly underlies suicide, and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) can help us to better characterize it and its risk and protective factors in the short term. We aimed, first, to investigate the estimated prevalence and trajectories of SI in a community sample of Spanish college students using an EMA methodology and, second, explore the associations between risk and protective factors and SI categorized as moderate or low. Materials and Methods A total of 737 participants followed the EMA during a period of 6 months. We estimated the prevalence and trajectories of SI and the associations between depressive symptoms, positive and negative affect, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, cognitive reappraisal, emotional suppression, and purpose in life with the MEmind smartphone App. SI was assessed 14 times during this period. Results Twenty-eight participants referred to SI at least once in longitudinal assessments. We found a lack of curvature and, thus, a relatively stable trajectory of SI. Two groups of latent dimensions were observed related to risk and protective factors of SI. One latent dimension of the risk factors (higher levels of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, depressive symptoms, negative affect, and emotional suppression) best represented the group with moderate levels of SI, and a second latent dimension of protective variables (positive affect, cognitive reappraisal, and purpose in life) best represented the group with lower levels of SI. Discussion These findings may indicate that students with a sense of having a life worth living, in addition to having the ability to reevaluate their negative beliefs, are less likely to experience high levels of SI. Therefore, purpose in life would be a protective factor against the presence of SI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Conchado Peiró
- Department of Statistics and Applied Operations Research and Quality, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José H. Marco
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Barrigón
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiménez Díaz Foundation Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiménez Díaz Foundation Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Villalba, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigacion en Salud Mental), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Sandra Pérez Rodríguez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Lira SB, Vieira F, Cavalcanti DE, Souza-Marques B, Netto LR, Correia-Melo FS, Leal GC, Pereira JL, Santos LL, Guedes GM, Teles CA, Cardoso TDA, Miranda-Scippa Â, Kapczinski F, Lacerda ALT, Koenen KC, Turecki G, Quarantini LC. Suicide attempt, impulsivity, and exposure to trauma in college students. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 44:279-288. [PMID: 35262616 PMCID: PMC9169478 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Past suicide attempt (SA) is one of the most important risk factors for suicide death. An ideation-to-action framework posits that impulsivity, potentially traumatic events, and mental disorders also play a role in increasing suicide risk. This study aimed to assess the association between trait impulsivity, lifetime exposure to trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with SA in a sample of Brazilian college students. METHODS A total of 2,137 participants filled self-reported questionnaires consisting of a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, Trauma History Questionnaire, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian version, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. RESULTS Our findings suggest that trait impulsivity may be interpreted as exerting a distal effect on SA, even in the presence of other variables - such as trauma history, psychological neglect, and PTSD - which also increase the odds of SA. High and medium levels of impulsivity, history of trauma, and PTSD increased the likelihood of SA. CONCLUSIONS Intervention strategies to prevent SA may target trait impulsivity and exposure to traumatic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidnei B Lira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Flávia Vieira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Serviço de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Diogo E Cavalcanti
- Centro Universitário Social da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Centro Universitário Jorge Amado, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Breno Souza-Marques
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Serviço de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Liana R Netto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Correia-Melo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Serviço de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Leal
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Serviço de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Juliana L Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Lene L Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisela M Guedes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Teles
- Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Taiane de A Cardoso
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ângela Miranda-Scippa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Acioly L T Lacerda
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute & Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lucas C Quarantini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Serviço de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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40
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Bhargav M, Swords L. Role of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness and psychological distress in the association between adverse childhood experiences and suicidal ideation in college students. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e39. [PMID: 35109950 PMCID: PMC8867856 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2021.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a detrimental impact on short- and long-term mental and physical health. A growing body of research has indicated that the prevalence of suicidal phenomena is significantly higher among individuals with a history of ACEs. However, there is a lack of understanding about processes that result in ACEs leading to suicidal ideation when testing within a theoretical framework. AIMS To develop and test a multidimensional model that would explain the association between ACEs and suicidal ideation in college students. METHOD Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey completed by 321 college students primarily recruited from universities in Ireland. Participants were aged 18-21 (n = 176) and 22-25 years (n = 145). An ACEs questionnaire, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, which assessed thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, the CORE-10, which assessed psychological distress, and the Suicide Ideation Scale (SIS) were administered. RESULTS After controlling for gender and sexual orientation, results revealed a significant direct effect of ACEs on suicidal ideation such that more accumulated ACEs were associated with higher suicidal ideation (effect size 0.30; 95% CI 0.047-0.538). A significant indirect effect of ACEs on suicidal ideation through perceived burdensomeness and psychological distress, and thwarted belongingness and psychological distress, was observed (effect size 0.90; 95% CI 0.558-1.270). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that ACEs have a detrimental impact on college students' mental health. Results highlight the potential benefits of ACE-informed interventions that target thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness to countervail suicidal ideation in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Bhargav
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Swords
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland; and Trinity Research in Childhood Centre, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland
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41
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Wang Y, Feng Y, Han M, Duan Z, Wilson A, Fish J, Sun S, Chen R. Methods of attempted suicide and risk factors in LGBTQ+ youth. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 122:105352. [PMID: 34655994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify patterns of attempted suicide methods and risk factors in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and other gender/sexual minority (LGBTQ+) youth by comparing them to non-LGBTQ+ youth. METHODS A total of 9281 Chinese college students completed the study, 8313 participants were included in the analysis of which 1032 were LGBTQ+ youth and 7281 were non-LGBTQ+ youth. Sociodemographic information was collected along with several scales and self-report items. This included anxiety scores using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, depression scores using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, mania score using the Altman Self-Rating Mania (ASRM), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) victimization using the World Health Organization's definition. Self-report items were used to further collect history of non-fatal self-injurious behaviors, parents' related risk factors, history of suicide attempts, and methods of attempted suicide. RESULTS The prevalence of attempted suicide in LGBTQ+ youth was 4.2%, which in comparison was more than four times higher than non-LGBTQ+ youth. LGBTQ+ youth 19-22 years old were at a significantly higher risk of attempting suicide than non-LGBTQ+ youth. The most common method of attempted suicide was cutting of the wrist, followed by jumping from a high height. There were some common suicide risk factors that were similar between LGBTQ+ and non-LGBTQ+ youth, such as living in a rural area, having a history of a psychiatric disorder, and having a history of non-fatal self-injurious behaviors. The associated increased risk factors for LGBTQ+ youth were having a higher score for CTQ-emotional abuse and CTQ-sexual abuse. LIMITATION The causality of risk factors to attempted suicide cannot be assumed due to the cross-sectional nature of the survey. Also, due to the relatively small sample size within the subgroups, we did not assess LGBTQ+ youth separately according to the different sexuality groups. CONCLUSION LGBTQ+ youth showed a higher prevalence of attempted suicide when compared to their heterosexual peers. Emotional and sexual abuse showed higher rates among LGBTQ+ youth, the cumulative effects of childhood trauma might explain the difficulties in developing healthy coping styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Yi Feng
- Mental Health Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China; School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Han
- Department of Medical Psychology, The School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China; Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhizhou Duan
- Preventive health service, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Julie Fish
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Shufang Sun
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, International Health Institute, US
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Testoni I, Piol S, De Leo D. Suicide Prevention: University Students' Narratives on Their Reasons for Living and for Dying. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8029. [PMID: 34360323 PMCID: PMC8345779 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness are increasing in our contemporary western society and seem to correlate with suicide in adolescents and young adults. Social Workers are a potential resource to create such initiatives and projects that promote inclusion and cohesion within communities, a protective factor against suicide. Sixty-two Social Work BA students participated in a Death Education course based on education on suicide prevention. Participants carried out two activities. First, they were invited to complete two written semi-structured interviews on young people's reasons for living and dying. Second, they were invited to design suicide prevention interventions targeted at their peers and adolescents. Data were analyzed qualitatively within the Thematic Analysis framework. As regards the first activity, four main themes were identified: (1) Internet and social media; (2) social isolation and loneliness; (3) the importance of proximal relationships; and, (4) the importance of networking between proximal relationships, educational institutions and mental health services. Whereas, as for suicide prevention interventions, three main ideas were identified: (1) suicide prevention through community and networking between services; (2) academic institutions: high schools and universities; and, (3) suicide prevention through new technologies. To conclude, Death Education as education on suicide prevention can offer young people a space in which to voice their and their peers' reasons for living and dying and to reflect upon their contribution to suicide prevention as students and as future professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Testoni
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Silvia Piol
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Diego De Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane 4122, Australia;
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Hazell CM, Berry C, Niven JE, Mackenzie J. Understanding suicidality and reasons for living amongst Doctoral Researchers: A thematic analysis of qualitative U‐DOC survey data. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clio Berry
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School University of Sussex Brighton UK
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Gelezelyte O, Kazlauskas E, Brailovskaia J, Margraf J, Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene I. Suicidal ideation in university students in Lithuania amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective study with pre-pandemic measures. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:2395-2403. [PMID: 34240662 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1947417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to identify patterns of changes in suicidal ideation among university students six months after the COVID-19 outbreak, in comparison to the pre-pandemic suicidal ideation. Furthermore, we explored the links among these patterns and mental health indicators. 474 university students participated in the study in October-December 2019 and October-December 2020. The latent class change analysis revealed four groups: no-ideation (68.1%), stable low ideation (16.2%), increased ideation (8.9%), and decreased ideation (6.8%). Increased, in comparison to decreased ideation, was positively linked to changes in depression, stress, and anxiety. More loneliness during the pandemic was related to higher suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odeta Gelezelyte
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Kazlauskas
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julia Brailovskaia
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Abreu EKDN, Marcon SR, Espinosa MM, Kogien M, Valim MD, Nascimento FCDS. Factors associated to suicide risk in stricto sensu postgraduate students: a cross-sectional study. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2021; 29:e3460. [PMID: 34190950 PMCID: PMC8253341 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.4590.3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze factors associated to suicide risk in postgraduate students. METHOD a cross-sectional analytical study, developed with 565 stricto sensu postgraduate students from August to September 2019. Data collection took place using a validated instrument containing demographic, socioeconomic, health and academic variables; as well as variables of Module C of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), version 5.0; of the CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed by criticism, Guilty and Eye-opener) questionnaire; and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Descriptive and multiple statistical analysis was performed using the Poisson regression model, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS 40.8% prevalence of current suicide risk. The following variables were associated to current suicide risk: age > 30 years old (p=0.029), absence of faith (p=0.015), depression (p<0.001) and anxiety (p=0.018) symptoms, use of psychotropic drugs during the course (p<0.001), not having a meaningful and inspiring academic work (p=0.013), not having a good relationship with colleagues from the postgraduate school (p=0.033), having family relationship impaired by the demands of the postgraduate school (p=0.036) and concern about the financial situation (p=0.048). CONCLUSION a high prevalence of current suicide risk was identified among postgraduate students, as well as a significant association of this risk with demographic, socioeconomic, academic and health variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Moisés Kogien
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Enfermagem,
Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Marília Duarte Valim
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Enfermagem,
Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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46
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Aizpurua E, Caravaca-Sánchez F, Taliaferro LA. Suicidality Among College Students in Spain: Prevalence and Associations With Substance Use, Social Support, and Resilience. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:2025-2030. [PMID: 33683175 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1888823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined protective factors associated with reduced risk of suicidality among college students. We sought to address gaps in the literature by conducting a cross-sectional survey of 636 college students from a public university in Spain. We assessed substance use, social support, resilience, severity of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Twenty percent of students reported low severity and 27% reported high severity suicidal ideation, while 5% reported attempting suicide during the past year. Higher levels of social support represented a protective factor associated with reduced risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Aizpurua
- European Social Survey ERIC, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Law, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Lindsay A Taliaferro
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Lew B, Osman A, Chan CMH, Chen WS, Ibrahim N, Jia CX, Siau CS. Psychological characteristics of suicide attempters among undergraduate college students in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:322. [PMID: 33563254 PMCID: PMC7871626 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to understand the psychological characteristics of suicide attempters to prevent future suicide attempts. This study aims to examine potential differences between individuals who have attempted suicide and those who have not done so, on several risk and protective measures. METHOD Participants were 11,806 undergraduate students from seven provinces in China, of which 237 reported a non-fatal suicide attempt. We used the random numbers generator function within the SPSS to randomly select a control subset of 1185 participants to be used as the comparison group based on a 1:5 case-control ratio. Scores on three commonly used risk measures (depression, hopelessness, and psychache) and three protective measures (social support, self-esteem, and purpose in life) for suicidality were adopted to compare the responses of the two groups. RESULTS Suicide attempters had indicated higher Median scores for all three risk factor measurements. Suicide attempters also reported significantly lower Median scores for all three protective factor measurements compared to non-suicide attempters. The results suggest that the suicide attempters' group had higher risks of suicidality compared to the non-attempter group. CONCLUSIONS Suicide attempters continued to report higher scores of risk factors and lower scores of protective factors, indicating that they may continue to be at a higher likelihood of a suicide attempt. Key protective factors should be identified for each individual in order to deliver appropriate clinical interventions to reduce their risk of reattempting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Lew
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Human Ecology, Putra University of Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Augustine Osman
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas USA
| | - Caryn Mei Hsien Chan
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Won Sun Chen
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Norhayati Ibrahim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, China
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH),Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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48
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Gratz KL, Tull MT, Richmond JR, Edmonds KA, Scamaldo KM, Rose JP. Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness explain the associations of COVID-19 social and economic consequences to suicide risk. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:1140-1148. [PMID: 32589811 PMCID: PMC7361587 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The social and economic consequences of COVID-19 and related public health interventions aimed at slowing the spread of the virus have been proposed to increase suicide risk. However, no research has examined these relations. This study examined the relations of two COVID-19 consequences (i.e., stay-at-home orders and job loss) to suicide risk through thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and loneliness. METHOD Online data from a nationwide community sample of 500 adults (mean age = 40) from 45 states were collected between March 27 and April 5, 2020. Participants completed measures assessing thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, loneliness, and suicide risk, as well as whether they (a) were currently under a stay-at-home order and (b) had experienced a recent job loss due to the pandemic. RESULTS Results revealed a significant indirect relation of stay-at-home order status to suicide risk through thwarted belongingness. Further, whereas recent job loss was significantly correlated with suicide risk, neither the direct relation of job loss to suicide risk (when accounting for their shared relations to perceived burdensomeness) nor the indirect relation through perceived burdensomeness was significant. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the potential benefits of interventions targeting thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness to offset suicide risk during this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L. Gratz
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of ToledoToledoOHUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason P. Rose
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of ToledoToledoOHUSA
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49
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Naghavi A, Teismann T, Asgari Z, Mohebbian MR, Mansourian M, Mañanas MÁ. Accurate Diagnosis of Suicide Ideation/Behavior Using Robust Ensemble Machine Learning: A University Student Population in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E956. [PMID: 33207776 PMCID: PMC7696788 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is one of the most critical public health concerns in the world and the second cause of death among young people in many countries. However, to date, no study can diagnose suicide ideation/behavior among university students in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region using a machine learning approach. Therefore, stability feature selection and stacked ensembled decision trees were employed in this classification problem. A total of 573 university students responded to a battery of questionnaires. Three-fold cross-validation with a variety of performance indices was sued. The proposed diagnostic system had excellent balanced diagnosis accuracy (AUC = 0.90 [CI 95%: 0.86-0.93]) with a high correlation between predicted and observed class labels, fair discriminant power, and excellent class labeling agreement rate. Results showed that 23 items out of all items could accurately diagnose suicide ideation/behavior. These items were psychological problems and how to experience trauma, from the demographic variables, nine items from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5), two items from Post Traumatic Growth (PTG), two items from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), six items from the Positive Mental Health (PMH) questionnaire, and one item related to social support. Such features could be used as a screening tool to identify young adults who are at risk of suicide ideation/behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Naghavi
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Azadi Sq, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44787 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Zahra Asgari
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohebbian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada;
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Automatic Control Department (ESAII), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Miguel Ángel Mañanas
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Automatic Control Department (ESAII), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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50
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Zhang Y, Cao X, Wang P, Wang G, Lei G, Shou Z, Xie S, Huang F, Luo N, Luo M, Bian Y, Zhang J, Xiao Q. Emotional "inflection point" in public health emergencies with the 2019 new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in China. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:797-803. [PMID: 32738664 PMCID: PMC7369017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in Wuhan, Hubei, has caused very serious consequences and severely affected people's lives and mental health. The outbreak will cause bad emotions such as tension, anxiety, fear, and so on. College students who have returned home from school face infection, isolation, and delay in starting school, and thus, their emotional stress should be observed. METHODS This study used self-designed questionnaires and artificial intelligence (AI) to assess and analyze the emotional state of over 30,000 college students during the outbreak period in January (T1) and home quarantine in February (T2). This survey used online questionnaire (www.wjx.cn) to investigate the emotion information of college students. RESULTS In the T1 survey, the "Typhoon Eye Effect" appeared. College students in Hubei are calmer than those outside Hubei in T1. However, in T2, an emotional "infection point" appeared, there was an "Exposure Effect", the negative emotions of students in Hubei largely increased and became higher than students outside Hubei. CONCLUSION This survey found that there is an emotional "infection point" in February among college students, especially in the Hubei area. College students in Hubei are calmer than those outside Hubei in T1. In contrast, college students in Hubei were more nervous and scared than those outside Hubei in T2. This epidemic has caused the students to experience significant pressure and negative emotions. Therefore, universities and society should pay attention to their emotional adjustment, there are some suggestions such as establish the mental health organizations, test students' emotion status regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaochen Cao
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine in The Seventh Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, Guangzhou, China; Institute of medical robots of Shang Hai Jiao Tong University, Shang Hai, China.
| | - Guixiang Wang
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; City of College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanghui Lei
- Center of Student Development Research and Guidance, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhexing Shou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Simiao Xie
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Luo
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyan Luo
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueran Bian
- School of Educational Science, Central China Think Tank, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Center of Student Development Research and Guidance, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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