1
|
Cacciatore S, Calvani R, Marzetti E, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Picca A, Fratta AE, Esposito I, Tosato M, Landi F. Predictive values of relative fat mass and body mass index on cardiovascular health in community-dwelling older adults: Results from the Longevity Check-up (Lookup) 7. Maturitas 2024; 185:108011. [PMID: 38703596 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the predictive value of relative fat mass compared to body mass index for hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and heightened cardiovascular risk in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults from the Longevity Check-up 7+ cohort. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hyperlipidemia was defined as total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL or ongoing lipid-lowering treatment. Diabetes was defined either as self-reported diagnosis or fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dL or a random blood glucose >200 mg/dL. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or requiring daily antihypertensive medications. Heightened cardiovascular risk was operationalized as having at least two of these conditions. RESULTS Analyses were conducted in 1990 participants (mean age 73.2 ± 6.0 years; 54.1 % women). Higher proportions of men than women had hypertension and diabetes, while hyperlipidemia was more prevalent in women. Receiver operating curve analysis indicated relative fat mass was a better predictor of hypertension in women and diabetes in both sexes. Body mass index performed better in predicting hyperlipidemia in women. Relative fat mass thresholds of ≥27 % for men and ≥40 % for women were identified as optimal indicators of heightened cardiovascular risk and so were used to defined high adiposity. Moderate correlations were found between high adiposity or body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and heightened cardiovascular risk, while a strong correlation was found with diabetes. Logistic regression analysis highlighted significant associations between high adiposity and increased odds of hypertension, diabetes, and heightened cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS Proposed cut-offs for relative fat mass were more reliable indices than the usual cut-offs for body mass index for identifying individuals at heightened cardiovascular risk. Our findings support the role of anthropometric measures in evaluating body composition and the associated metabolic and cardiovascular conditions in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacciatore
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Helio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, SS100 km 18, 70100 Casamassima, Italy.
| | - Alberto Emanuele Fratta
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Esposito
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Obirikorang C, Adu EA, Anto EO, Afum-Adjei Awuah A, Fynn ANB, Osei-Somuah G, Ansong PN, Boakye AO, Ofori-Boadu I, Obirikorang Y, Adobasom-Anane AG, Nyarko EN, Balmer L. Prevalence and risk factors of obesity among undergraduate student population in Ghana: an evaluation study of body composition indices. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:877. [PMID: 38515106 PMCID: PMC10958924 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a classified risk factor for several of the world's leading causes of death. In this study, we combined information contained in body mass index (BMI), total percentage body fat (TPBF) and relative fat mass (RFM) to estimate obesity prevalence and examine the risk factors associated with obesity. METHODS The study recruited 1027 undergraduate students aged between 16 and 25 years using a cross-sectional study design and two-stage stratified random sampling between January and April 2019 from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. Demographic, lifestyle, and family history of chronic disease data, were collected using a structured questionnaire. Bioelectrical impedance, along with height, weight, age, and gender, were used to estimate BMI and TPBF. The RFM was calculated using a published equation. The TPBF and RFM ranges were evaluated based on standard BMI thresholds and an informative combined obesity prevalence estimated in a Bayesian framework. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate potential risk factors of overweight/obesity. RESULTS Concordance between BMI, TPBF and RFM for obesity classification was 84% among female and 82.9% among male students. The Bayesian analysis revealed a combined prevalence means of obesity of 9.4% (95%CI: 6.9-12.2%) among female students and 6.7% (95%CI:4.3-9.5%) among male students. The odds of obesity were increased between 1.8 and 2.5 for females depending on the classification index. A significant increasing trend of obesity was observed with university-level. A family history of obesity was associated with a high estimate of general, central, and high TPBF. CONCLUSION Using multiple adiposity indicators conjointly in a Bayesian framework offers a greater power to examine obesity prevalence. We have applied this and reported high obesity prevalence, especially among female students. University level and family history of obesity were key determinants for obesity among the student population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Evans Asamoah Adu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Enoch Odame Anto
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - George Osei-Somuah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Patience Nyarkoa Ansong
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Owusu Boakye
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ivy Ofori-Boadu
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaa Obirikorang
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Eric Ny Nyarko
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lois Balmer
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Wang X, Zhou QA. Antiaging Strategies and Remedies: A Landscape of Research Progress and Promise. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:408-446. [PMID: 38214973 PMCID: PMC10853939 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is typified by a gradual loss of physiological fitness and accumulation of cellular damage, leading to deteriorated functions and enhanced vulnerability to diseases. Antiaging research has a long history throughout civilization, with many efforts put forth to understand and prevent the effects of aging. Multiple strategies aiming to promote healthy aging and extend the lifespan have been developed including lifestyle adjustments, medical treatments, and social programs. A multitude of antiaging medicines and remedies have also been explored. Here, we use data from the CAS Content Collection to analyze the publication landscape of recent research related to antiaging strategies and treatments. We review the recent advances and delineate trends in research headway of antiaging knowledge and practice across time, geography, and development pipelines. We further assess the state-of-the-art antiaging approaches and explore their correlations with age-related diseases. The landscape of antiaging drugs has been outlined and explored. Well-recognized and novel, currently evaluated antiaging agents have also been summarized. Finally, we review clinical applications of antiaging products with their development pipelines. The objective of this review is to summarize current knowledge on preventive strategies and treatment remedies in the field of aging, to outline challenges and evaluate growth opportunities, in order to further efforts to solve the problems that remain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Janet M. Sasso
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Xinmei Wang
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luengo-Pérez LM, Fernández-Bueso M, Ambrojo A, Guijarro M, Ferreira AC, Pereira-da-Silva L, Moreira-Rosário A, Faria A, Calhau C, Daly A, MacDonald A, Rocha JC. Body Composition Evaluation and Clinical Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk in Patients with Phenylketonuria. Nutrients 2023; 15:5133. [PMID: 38140392 PMCID: PMC10745907 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality worldwide. Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) may be at increased cardiovascular risk. This review provides an overview of clinical and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, explores the connections between body composition (including fat mass and ectopic fat) and cardiovascular risk, and examines various methods for evaluating body composition. It particularly focuses on nutritional ultrasound, given its emerging availability and practical utility in clinical settings. Possible causes of increased cardiometabolic risk in PKU are also explored, including an increased intake of carbohydrates, chronic exposure to amino acids, and characteristics of microbiota. It is important to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and body composition in patients with PKU. We suggest systematic monitoring of body composition to develop nutritional management and hydration strategies to optimize performance within the limits of nutritional therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Luengo-Pérez
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Extremadura, 06008 Badajoz, Spain
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Mercedes Fernández-Bueso
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Ana Ambrojo
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Marta Guijarro
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Ana Cristina Ferreira
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.F.); or (J.C.R.)
| | - Luís Pereira-da-Silva
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.P.-d.-S.); (A.F.)
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
| | - André Moreira-Rosário
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.P.-d.-S.); (A.F.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anne Daly
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (A.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Anita MacDonald
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (A.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Júlio César Rocha
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.F.); or (J.C.R.)
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zwartkruis VW, Suthahar N, Idema DL, Mahmoud B, van Deutekom C, Rutten FH, van der Schouw YT, Rienstra M, de Boer RA. Relative fat mass and prediction of incident atrial fibrillation, heart failure and coronary artery disease in the general population. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1256-1262. [PMID: 37684330 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relative fat mass (RFM) is an emerging marker of obesity that estimates body fat percentage using a sex-specific formula containing height and waist circumference (WC). We studied the association of RFM with incident atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), and coronary artery disease (CAD) and explored RFM cutoffs for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prediction. METHODS We studied 95,003 participants (age 45 ± 13 years, 59% women) without prevalent AF, HF or CAD from the population-based Lifelines study. Outcomes were ascertained using electrocardiography and self-reported questionnaire data. We used logistic regression to study the association of RFM with individual outcomes and a composite outcome (incident AF, HF, and/or CAD). Multivariable models were adjusted for components of the SCORE risk model (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and smoking). Optimal cutoffs were determined using the Youden index. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.8 (3.0-4.6) years, 224 (0.2%) participants developed AF, 1003 (1.1%) HF and 657 (0.7%) CAD. After multivariable adjustment, RFM was significantly associated with all outcomes (standardised OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.18-1.34 for the composite outcome). Optimal RFM cutoffs ( ≥26 for men, ≥38 for women) were lower than previously proposed RFM cutoffs ( ≥30 for men, ≥40 for women). In general, overall discriminative ability of RFM and its cutoffs was at least similar (in women) or better (in men) compared to BMI and WC. Since RFM was substantially correlated with age, we additionally determined age-specific cutoffs, which ranged from 23 to 27 in men and 33 to 43 in women. CONCLUSIONS RFM is associated with incident AF, HF, and CAD and may be used as a simple and intuitive marker of obesity and cardiovascular risk in the general population. This study provides potential RFM cutoffs for CVD prediction that may be used by future studies or preventive strategies targeting obesity and cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Zwartkruis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Navin Suthahar
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Demy L Idema
- Cochrane Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Belend Mahmoud
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Colinda van Deutekom
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans H Rutten
- Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Rienstra
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cacciatore S, Gava G, Calvani R, Marzetti E, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Picca A, Esposito I, Ciciarello F, Salini S, Russo A, Tosato M, Landi F. Lower Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with High Adiposity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 7+ Project. Nutrients 2023; 15:4892. [PMID: 38068751 PMCID: PMC10708281 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High adiposity impacts health and quality of life in old age, owing to its association with multimorbidity, decreased physical performance, and frailty. Whether a high adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Medi-Diet) is associated with reduced body adiposity in older adults is unclear. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of high adiposity in a large sample of community-dwelling older adults. We also explored the relationship between whole-body adiposity estimated through relative fat mass (RFM) and Medi-Diet adherence. Data were obtained from the Longevity Check-up 7+ (Lookup7+) project database. RFM was estimated from anthropometric and personal parameters using a validated equation. RFM was categorized as high if ≥40% in women and ≥30% in men. Information on diet was collected using a food frequency questionnaire, while Medi-Diet adherence was assessed through a modified version of the Medi-Lite scoring system. Analyses were conducted in 2092 participants (mean age 73.1 ± 5.9 years; 53.4% women). Mean RFM was 39.6 ± 5.14% in women and 29.0 ± 3.6% in men. High adiposity was found in 971 (46.4%) participants and was more frequent in those with a low (54.2%) or moderate (46.4%) Medi-Diet adherence compared with the high-adherence group (39.7%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression indicated that older adults with high Medi-Diet adherence were less likely to have a high RFM. Other factors associated with a greater risk of having high adiposity were older age, female sex, and physical inactivity. Our findings support an association between healthy lifestyles, including a greater adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet, and lower body adiposity in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacciatore
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
| | - Giordana Gava
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, SS100 km 18, 70100 Casamassima, Italy
| | - Ilaria Esposito
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesca Ciciarello
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Sara Salini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Andrea Russo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Laudisio D, de Alteriis G, Vetrani C, Aprano S, Pugliese G, Zumbolo F, Colao A, Savastano S. Iron Levels and Markers of Inflammation in a Population of Adults with Severe Obesity, a Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4702. [PMID: 37960355 PMCID: PMC10647820 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation linked to obesity can lead to alterations in biomarkers of iron status. The aim of this study was to investigate the primary determinant of serum iron levels among anthropometric measurements, body fat, and serum biomarkers of low-grade chronic inflammation in a group of adult individuals with severe obesity. We enrolled 114 individuals (84 females; 30 males) aged 40.96 ± 12.54 years. Weight and body mass index (BMI) were 121.20 ± 22.33 kg and 44.94 ± 7.29 kg/m2, respectively. Some 30% of individuals had class-II obesity (BMI ≥ 35 ≤ 39.9 kg/m2) and 70% had class-III obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2). A weak, albeit significant, inverse correlation was found between serum iron levels and c-reactive protein (CRP) (r = -0.259, p = 0.008), fibrinogen (r = -0.261, p = 0.006), BMI (r = -0.186, p = 0.04), waist circumference (WC) (r = -0.265, p = 0.004), and fat mass % (r = -0.285, p = 0.003). With multiple linear regression analysis including CRP, fibrinogen, BMI, WC, and fat mass % as independent variables and serum iron levels as dependent variable, WC was entered in the first step (p = 0.001), which was followed by fat mass % (p = 0.047) and CRP (p = 0.047). Grouping the individuals according to the interquartile range of BMI, WC, and fat mass % (Q1-Q4), the lowest serum iron levels were found in Q4 groups of WC and fat mass % (p = 0.02), while no significant differences were found between groups in BMI quartiles. In conclusion, in our study, population serum iron levels were inversely associated with BMI, visceral obesity, fat mass %, CRP, and fibrinogen, but WC was the major negative predictor of serum iron level. These results supported the fact that visceral distribution of body fat, more than obesity per se, was associated with low serum iron levels in adult individuals with severe obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Laudisio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (S.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Giulia de Alteriis
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.d.A.); (G.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (S.A.); (A.C.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Isola F2, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Aprano
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (S.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.d.A.); (G.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Francesca Zumbolo
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.d.A.); (G.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (S.A.); (A.C.)
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.d.A.); (G.P.); (F.Z.)
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.V.); (S.A.); (A.C.)
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.d.A.); (G.P.); (F.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ghulam A, Gianfagna F, Bonaccio M, Costanzo S, Di Castelnuovo A, De Curtis A, Gialluisi A, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Association between BMI, RFM and mortality and potential mediators: Prospective findings from the Moli-sani study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023:10.1038/s41366-023-01313-5. [PMID: 37208513 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) is the most frequently used adiposity measure, yet it is unable to differentiate fat mass from lean mass. Relative fat mass (RFM) has been proposed as an alternative. This paper aims to study RFM and BMI association with mortality in a general Italian population and potential mediators of such association. METHODS 20,587 individuals from the Moli-sani cohort were analysed (mean age = 54 ± 11, women = 52%, median follow up = 11.2 years, interquartile range = 1.96 years). Cox regressions were used to assess BMI, RFM, and their interactive association with mortality. Dose-response relationships were computed with spline regression, mediation analysis was performed. All analyses were separated for men and women. RESULTS Men and women with BMI > 35 kg/m2 and men in the 4th quartile of RFM showed an independent association with mortality (HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.30-2.26 BMI in men, HR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.01-1.85 BMI in women, HR = 1.37 CI 95% = 1.11-1.68 RFM in men), that was lost once adjusted for potential mediators. Cubic splines showed a U-shaped association for BMI in men and women, and for RFM in men. Mediation analysis showed that 46.5% of the association of BMI with mortality in men was mediated by glucose, C reactive protein, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and cystatin C; 82.9% of the association of BMI in women was mediated by HOMA index, cystatin C and FEV1; lastly, 55% of RFM association with mortality was mediated by glucose, FEV1 and cystatin C. Regression models including BMI and RFM showed that RFM drives most of the risk in men, but is not predictive in women. CONCLUSIONS The association between anthropometric measures and mortality was U shaped and it was largely dependent on sex. Associations were mediated by glucose metabolism, renal and lung function. Public health interventions should mainly focus on people with severe obesity or impaired metabolic, renal, or respiratory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwal Ghulam
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Amalia De Curtis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gialluisi
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | - Licia Iacoviello
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lokpo SY, Ametefe CY, Osei-Yeboah J, Owiredu WKBA, Ahenkorah-Fondjo L, Agordoh PD, Acheampong E, Duedu KO, Adejumo EN, Appiah M, Asiamah EA, Ativi E, Kwadzokpui PK. Performance of Body Adiposity Index and Relative Fat Mass in Predicting Bioelectric Impedance Analysis-Derived Body Fat Percentage: A Cross-Sectional Study among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the Ho Municipality, Ghana. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1500905. [PMID: 37101689 PMCID: PMC10125734 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1500905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective The study sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of body adiposity index (BAI) and relative fat mass (RFM) to predict BIA-derived BFP among patients with type 2 diabetes in the Ho municipality. Materials and Method. This hospital-based cross-sectional study involved 236 patients with type 2 diabetes. Demographic data, including age and gender were obtained. Height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured using standard methods. BFP was estimated on a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) scale. The validity of BAI and RFM as alternative estimates for BIA-derived BFP was evaluated based on mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), Passing-Bablok regression, Bland-Altman plots, receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC), and kappa statistics analyses. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results BAI showed systematic bias in estimating BIA-derived BFP in both genders, but this was not evident between RFM and BFP among females (t = -0.62; p = 0.534). While BAI showed "good" predictive accuracy in both genders, RFM exhibited "high" predictive accuracy for BFP (MAPE: 7.13%; 95% CI: 6.27-8.78) among females according to MAPE analysis. From the Bland-Altman plot analysis, the mean difference between RFM and BFP was acceptable among females [0.3 (95% LOA: -10.9 to 11.5)], but both BAI and RFM recorded large limits of agreement and low Lin's concordance correlation coefficient with BFP (Pc < 0.90) in the two gender populations. The optimal cut-off, sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index for RFM were >27.2, 75%, 93.75%, and 0.69, respectively, while those of BAI were >25.65, 80%, 84.37%, and 0.64, respectively, among males. Among females, the values for RFM were >27.26, 92.57%, 72.73%, and 0.65, whereas those of BAI were >29.4, 90.74%, 70.83%, and 0.62, respectively. The accuracy of discriminating between BFP levels was higher among females [BAI (AUC: 0.93) and RFM (AUC: 0.90)] compared to males [BAI (AUC: 0.86) and RFM (AUC: 0.88)]. Conclusion RFM had a better predictive accuracy of BIA-derived BFP in females. However, both RFM and BAI failed as valid estimates for BFP. Furthermore, gender-specific performance in the discrimination of BFP levels for RFM and BAI was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Yao Lokpo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Cephas Yao Ametefe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - James Osei-Yeboah
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - William K. B. A. Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda Ahenkorah-Fondjo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Percival Delali Agordoh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kwabena Obeng Duedu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Esther Ngozi Adejumo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Public and Allied Health, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Michael Appiah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Accra Technical University, Accra, Greater Accra Region, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Akomanin Asiamah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Ativi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
- Medical Laboratory Department, Ho Teaching Hospital, Ho, Ghana
| | - Precious Kwablah Kwadzokpui
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
- Medical Laboratory Department, Ho Teaching Hospital, Ho, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oleofoams and emulsion foams stabilized by sodium stearoyl lactylate: Insights into their relations based on microstructure, rheology and tribology. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
11
|
Iłowiecka K, Glibowski P, Libera J, Koch W. Changes in Novel Anthropometric Indices of Abdominal Obesity during Weight Loss with Selected Obesity-Associated Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms: A Small One-Year Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11837. [PMID: 36142109 PMCID: PMC9517315 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Whether BMI and the competing waist circumference (WC)-based anthropometric indices are associated with obesity-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is as yet unknown. The current study aimed to evaluate the anthropometric indices (fat mass index, body shape index, visceral adiposity index, relative fat mass, body roundness index, and conicity index) during a weight loss intervention in 36 obese individuals. Blood biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) and three SNPs (FTO rs9939609, TFAP2B rs987237, and PLIN1 rs894160) were assessed in 22 women and 14 men (35.58 ± 9.85 years, BMI 35.04 ± 3.80 kg/m2) who completed a 12-month balanced energy-restricted diet weight loss program. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance (SECA mBCA515). At the end of the weight loss intervention, all anthropometric indices were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). For the SNP FTO rs9939609, the higher risk allele (A) was characteristic of 88.9% of the study group, in which 10 participants (27.8%) were homozygous. We found a similar distribution of alleles in TFAP2B and PLIN1. Heterozygous genotypes in FTO rs9939609 and TFAP2B rs987237 were predisposed to significant reductions in WC-based novel anthropometric indices during weight loss. The influence of PLIN1 rs894160 polymorphisms on the changes in the analyzed indices during weight loss has not been documented in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Iłowiecka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Glibowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Science in Lublin, 8 Skromna Str., 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Libera
- Division of Engineering and Cereals Technology, Department of Plant Food Technology and Gastronomy, University of Life Sciences, 8 Skromna Str., 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bonilla DA, Duque-Zuluaga LT, Muñoz-Urrego LP, Moreno Y, Vélez-Gutiérrez JM, Franco-Hoyos K, Agudelo-Martínez A, Humeres G, Kreider RB, Petro JL. Development and Validation of Waist Girth-Based Equations to Evaluate Body Composition in Colombian Adults: Rationale and STROBE-Nut-Based Protocol of the F20 Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10690. [PMID: 36078407 PMCID: PMC9518435 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Waist girth (WG) represents a quick, simple, and inexpensive tool that correlates with excess of fat mass in humans; however, this measurement does not provide information on body composition. The evaluation of body composition is one of the main components in the assessment of nutritional status. Indeed, the use of anthropometry-based equations to estimate body fat and fat-free mass is a frequent strategy. Considering the lack of validation in the Colombian population, the aim of this research study (the F20 Project) is to externally validate WG-based equations (e.g., relative fat mass), and also to develop and validate new models that include WG to estimate body composition in Colombian adults compared to DXA. This cross-sectional study will be carried out following the guidelines for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Nutritional Epidemiology (STROBE-nut). Using stratified probabilistic sampling, the study population will be adults with different levels of physical activity residing in Medellín and its metropolitan area. The results of this study will not only validate the estimation performance of the current WG-based equations, but they will also develop new equations to estimate body composition in the Colombian population. This will improve professional practice in health, exercise, and sports sciences (ClinicalTrials.gov ID #NCT05450588).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leidy T. Duque-Zuluaga
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Laura P. Muñoz-Urrego
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Yurany Moreno
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
| | - Jorge M. Vélez-Gutiérrez
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- ARTHROS Centro de Fisioterapia y Ejercicio, Medellin 050012, Colombia
| | - Katherine Franco-Hoyos
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Agudelo-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Humeres
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias de Rehabilitación y el Movimiento (ICRM), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|