1
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Mousavi SA, Hermundstad B, Flesland AK, Llohn AH, Saether PC. Variation in Platelet Activation State in Pre-Donation Whole Blood: Effect of Time of Day and ABO Blood Group. J Blood Med 2022; 13:283-292. [PMID: 35685305 PMCID: PMC9172929 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s362461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whilst there has been investigation into the effect of time of the day on platelet activation and function in healthy individuals, there is a lack of studies in the literature to examine this relationship among platelet donors. Methods We assessed the extent of platelet activation by percentage of platelets with surface-expressed P-selectin and flow cytometry in samples of whole blood from a group of qualified platelet donors (n = 84). Results The mean (SD) percentage of activated platelets in the pre-donation blood samples was 1.85 ± 1.57% (range 0.2–7.5%). In univariate analyses, the percentage of activated platelets was significantly and inversely correlated with the collection time (ie, the time of day blood samples were collected) (r = –0.35, p = 0.001) and positively correlated to mean platelet volume (MPV) (r = 0.29, p = 0.008). A weaker positive correlation was also observed with ABO blood group (r = 0.228, p = 0.036). Analysis of the collection time as a categorical variable showed a greater degree of activated platelets in samples collected between 8:00 h and 10:00 h than in samples collected during the hours of >10:00 h ≤14:00 h (2.5 ± 1.8 versus 1.1 ± 0.74, p < 0.001). In the adjusted linear regression model, collection time was a significant independent predictor of platelet activation state in whole blood (β = –0.26; p < 0.001), as did ABO blood group (β = 0.55; p = 0.019). Conclusion Our results show that collection time is the most important predictor of platelet activation state in pre-donation whole blood among platelet donors. This work may have implications for optimizing the timing of platelet donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mousavi
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Brita Hermundstad
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Annika Kristina Flesland
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Abid Hussain Llohn
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Correspondence: Abid Hussain Llohn, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway, Tel +47 67961212, Fax +47 67961255, Email
| | - Per Christian Saether
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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2
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Couchie D, Medali T, Diderot V, Raymondjean M, Friguet B, Rouis M. Circadian rhythmicity of the thioredoxin system in cultured murine peritoneal macrophages. Biochimie 2022; 198:76-85. [PMID: 35341928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis through a variety of events related to cellular oxidative stress. This process is mainly due to an excessive production of reactive oxygen species whose elimination occurs through antioxidant systems including the thioredoxin (Trx) system. In this paper, we investigated whether the Trx system would exhibit circadian rhythmicity in dexamethasone synchronized cultured macrophages and monitored the impact of the rhythmicity of Trx-1 on markers of atherosclerosis. We found that the clock-related genes BMAL-1, PER-2, CRY-1 and REV ERB α exhibited a robust circadian expression. However, the Trx genes family (Trx-1, Trx-2, TrxR1 and TXNIP) did not exhibit a circadian expression at the mRNA level in spite of the presence of E-box elements within the promoter regions of TrxR1 and TXNIP genes. Nevertheless, both Trx-1 and TXNIP exhibited a circadian expression at the protein level and proteasome inhibition abolished the rhythmicity of Trx-1. Moreover, we found a link between low Trx-1 level and elevated atherogenic markers such as 4-HNE, TNF-α and cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. Our results indicate that the Trx gene family does not exhibit the same circadian regulation and that the presence of E-box elements in the TXNIP promoter is not sufficient to ensure a circadian rhythmicity at the transcriptional level. In addition, since a link was found between a low level of Trx-1 protein during circadian rhythm and high levels of atherogenic markers, administration of Trx-1 at certain time points could be an interesting approach to protect against atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Couchie
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A-IBPS), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - T Medali
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A-IBPS), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - V Diderot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A-IBPS), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - M Raymondjean
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A-IBPS), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - B Friguet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A-IBPS), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - M Rouis
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A-IBPS), F-75005, Paris, France.
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3
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Shi J, Tong R, Zhou M, Gao Y, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Liu W, Li G, Lu D, Meng G, Hu L, Yuan A, Lu X, Pu J. OUP accepted manuscript. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:2317-2334. [PMID: 35267019 PMCID: PMC9209009 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Adverse cardiovascular events have day/night patterns with peaks in the morning, potentially related to endogenous circadian clock control of platelet activation. Circadian nuclear receptor Rev-erbα is an essential and negative component of the circadian clock. To date, the expression profile and biological function of Rev-erbα in platelets have never been reported. Methods and results Here, we report the presence and functions of circadian nuclear receptor Rev-erbα in human and mouse platelets. Both human and mouse platelet Rev-erbα showed a circadian rhythm that positively correlated with platelet aggregation. Global Rev-erbα knockout and platelet-specific Rev-erbα knockout mice exhibited defective in haemostasis as assessed by prolonged tail-bleeding times. Rev-erbα deletion also reduced ferric chloride-induced carotid arterial occlusive thrombosis, prevented collagen/epinephrine-induced pulmonary thromboembolism, and protected against microvascular microthrombi obstruction and infarct expansion in an acute myocardial infarction model. In vitro thrombus formation assessed by CD41-labelled platelet fluorescence intensity was significantly reduced in Rev-erbα knockout mouse blood. Platelets from Rev-erbα knockout mice exhibited impaired agonist-induced aggregation responses, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and α-granule release. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of Rev-erbα by specific antagonists decreased platelet activation markers in both mouse and human platelets. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that Rev-erbα potentiated platelet activation via oligophrenin-1-mediated RhoA/ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) pathway. Conclusion We provided the first evidence that circadian protein Rev-erbα is functionally expressed in platelets and potentiates platelet activation and thrombus formation. Rev-erbα may serve as a novel therapeutic target for managing thrombosis-based cardiovascular disease. Key question Adverse cardiovascular events have day/night patterns with peaks in the morning, potentially related to endogenous circadian clock control of platelet activation. Whether circadian nuclear receptor Rev-erba is present in platelets and regulates platelet function remains unknown. Key finding We provide the first evidence that Rev-erba is functionally expressed in platelets and acts as a positive regulator of platelet activation/thrombus formation through the oligophrenin-1-mediated RhoA/ERM signalling pathway. Take home message Our observations highlight the importance of circadian clock machinery in platelet physiology and support the notion that Rev-erba may serve as a novel therapeutic target for managing thrombosis-based cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu Gao
- Division of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Division of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaoxiang Li
- Division of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofeng Meng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuhua Hu
- Division of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ancai Yuan
- Division of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- Division of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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4
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Barth E, Srivastava A, Wengerodt D, Stojiljkovic M, Axer H, Witte OW, Kretz A, Marz M. Age-dependent expression changes of circadian system-related genes reveal a potentially conserved link to aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25694-25716. [PMID: 34923482 PMCID: PMC8751596 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock system influences the biology of life by establishing circadian rhythms in organisms, tissues, and cells, thus regulating essential biological processes based on the day/night cycle. Circadian rhythms change over a lifetime due to maturation and aging, and disturbances in the control of the circadian system are associated with several age-related pathologies. However, the impact of chronobiology and the circadian system on healthy organ and tissue aging remains largely unknown. Whether aging-related changes of the circadian system’s regulation follow a conserved pattern across different species and tissues, hence representing a common driving force of aging, is unclear. Based on a cross-sectional transcriptome analysis covering 329 RNA-Seq libraries, we provide indications that the circadian system is subjected to aging-related gene alterations shared between evolutionarily distinct species, such as Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Danio rerio, and Nothobranchius furzeri. We discovered differentially expressed genes by comparing tissue-specific transcriptional profiles of mature, aged, and old-age individuals and report on six genes (per2, dec2, cirp, klf10, nfil3, and dbp) of the circadian system, which show conserved aging-related expression patterns in four organs of the species examined. Our results illustrate how the circadian system and aging might influence each other in various tissues over a long lifespan and conceptually complement previous studies tracking short-term diurnal and nocturnal gene expression oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Barth
- Bioinformatics/High Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Akash Srivastava
- Bioinformatics/High Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,FLI Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany.,Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Diane Wengerodt
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Milan Stojiljkovic
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hubertus Axer
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kretz
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- Bioinformatics/High Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,FLI Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany.,German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
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5
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West AS, Schønsted MI, Iversen HK. Impact of the circadian clock on fibrinolysis and coagulation in healthy individuals and cardiovascular patients - A systematic review. Thromb Res 2021; 207:75-84. [PMID: 34563981 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human body functions exhibit a circadian rhythm generated in peripheral cells and synchronized by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which mostly is entrained by the daily light/dark cycles. Activity, meals and posture are capable of interfering with the endogenous circadian rhythm of coagulation parameters. An increasing number of human disorders show a circadian component, and epidemiological studies find cardiovascular events to peak in the morning hours. The aim was to review the circadian rhythms impact on fibrinolysis and coagulation in healthy individuals and cardiovascular patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total number of 25 studies were identified where 8 enrolled cardiovascular patients with or without healthy individuals. Using a MeSH-search in MEDLINE PubMed. Only original peer-reviewed papers were included. RESULTS Results showed substantial variance with respect to exhibition of circadian rhythms and/or peak/trough times. Circadian rhythms of fibrinolysis were less pronounced in cardiovascular patients than in healthy individuals with decreased levels in the morning hours compared to healthy inducing higher risk of blood clotting. CONCLUSIONS Because of small studied group sizes and failure to control for entraining factors, larger studies are needed to fully establish the effects of the circadian rhythm on especially coagulation. The findings of chronobiologic rhythms in coagulation and fibrinolysis could suggest a need for a chrono-pharmacological approach when treating/preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S West
- Stroke Centre Rigshospitalet, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark.
| | - M I Schønsted
- Stroke Centre Rigshospitalet, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark
| | - H K Iversen
- Stroke Centre Rigshospitalet, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Palm D, Uzoni A, Simon F, Fischer M, Coogan A, Tucha O, Thome J, Faltraco F. Evolutionary conservations, changes of circadian rhythms and their effect on circadian disturbances and therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:21-34. [PMID: 34102148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is essential for the interaction of all living organisms with their environments. Several processes, such as thermoregulation, metabolism, cognition and memory, are regulated by the internal clock. Disturbances in the circadian rhythm have been shown to lead to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Interestingly, the mechanism of the circadian rhythms has been conserved in many different species, and misalignment between circadian rhythms and the environment results in evolutionary regression and lifespan reduction. This review summarises the conserved mechanism of the internal clock and its major interspecies differences. In addition, it focuses on effects the circadian rhythm disturbances, especially in cases of ADHD, and describes the possibility of recombinant proteins generated by eukaryotic expression systems as therapeutic agents as well as CRISPR/Cas9 technology as a potential tool for research and therapy. The aim is to give an overview about the evolutionary conserved mechanism as well as the changes of the circadian clock. Furthermore, current knowledge about circadian rhythm disturbances and therapeutic approaches is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frederick Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrew Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Ireland
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
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7
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Kim TJ, Sung JH, Shin JC, Kim DY. CRISPR/Cas-mediated Fubp1 silencing disrupts circadian oscillation of Per1 protein via downregulating Syncrip expression. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:424-432. [PMID: 31535751 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most living organisms have physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms controlled by molecular clocks. In mammals, several core clock genes show self-perpetuating oscillation profiles of their messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and proteins through an auto-regulatory transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL). As a critical component in the molecular clock system, Period 1 (Per1) contributes to the maintenance of circadian rhythm duration predominantly in peripheral clocks. Alterations in Per1 expression and oscillating patterns lead to the development of cancers as well as circadian rhythm abnormalities. In this study, we demonstrate that the phasic profile of Per1 protein was clearly disrupted in CRISPR/Cas-mediated Fubp1-deficient cells. Although Fubp1 does not show rhythmic expression, Fubp1 upregulates the mRNA and protein level of Syncrip, the main post-transcriptional regulator of Per1 protein oscillation. In addition to the diverse physiological functions of Fubp1, including cell-cycle regulation and cellular metabolic control, our results suggest new roles for Fubp1 in the molecular clock system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hun Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheon Shin
- Pohang Center for Evaluation of Biomaterials, Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
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8
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Adamovich Y, Ladeuix B, Sobel J, Manella G, Neufeld-Cohen A, Assadi MH, Golik M, Kuperman Y, Tarasiuk A, Koeners MP, Asher G. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Rhythms Are Circadian Clock Controlled and Differentially Directed by Behavioral Signals. Cell Metab 2019; 29:1092-1103.e3. [PMID: 30773466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Daily rhythms in animal physiology are driven by endogenous circadian clocks in part through rest-activity and feeding-fasting cycles. Here, we examined principles that govern daily respiration. We monitored oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide release, as well as tissue oxygenation in freely moving animals to specifically dissect the role of circadian clocks and feeding time on daily respiration. We found that daily rhythms in oxygen and carbon dioxide are clock controlled and that time-restricted feeding restores their rhythmicity in clock-deficient mice. Remarkably, day-time feeding dissociated oxygen rhythms from carbon dioxide oscillations, whereby oxygen followed activity, and carbon dioxide was shifted and aligned with food intake. In addition, changes in carbon dioxide levels altered clock gene expression and phase shifted the clock. Collectively, our findings indicate that oxygen and carbon dioxide rhythms are clock controlled and feeding regulated and support a potential role for carbon dioxide in phase resetting peripheral clocks upon feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaarit Adamovich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Benjamin Ladeuix
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jonathan Sobel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gal Manella
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Adi Neufeld-Cohen
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mohammad H Assadi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Marina Golik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael Kuperman
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ariel Tarasiuk
- Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Maarten P Koeners
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Gad Asher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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9
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Abstract
Physiological function, disease expression and drug effects vary by time-of-day. Clock disruption in mice results in cardio-metabolic, immunological and neurological dysfunction; circadian misalignment using forced desynchrony increases cardiovascular risk factors in humans. Here we integrated data from remote sensors, physiological and multi-omics analyses to assess the feasibility of detecting time dependent signals - the chronobiome – despite the “noise” attributable to the behavioral differences of free-living human volunteers. The majority (62%) of sensor readouts showed time-specific variability including the expected variation in blood pressure, heart rate, and cortisol. While variance in the multi-omics is dominated by inter-individual differences, temporal patterns are evident in the metabolome (5.4% in plasma, 5.6% in saliva) and in several genera of the oral microbiome. This demonstrates, despite a small sample size and limited sampling, the feasibility of characterizing at scale the human chronobiome “in the wild”. Such reference data at scale are a prerequisite to detect and mechanistically interpret discordant data derived from patients with temporal patterns of disease expression, to develop time-specific therapeutic strategies and to refine existing treatments.
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10
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Segal JP, Tresidder KA, Bhatt C, Gilron I, Ghasemlou N. Circadian control of pain and neuroinflammation. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:1002-1020. [PMID: 28865126 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of a neuroinflammatory response to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain have been highlighted in recent years. Inflammatory cells contributing to this response include circulating immune cells such as monocytes, T and B lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as microglia in the central nervous system. Pain signals are transmitted via sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system, which express various receptors and channels that respond to mediators secreted from these inflammatory cells. Chronobiological rhythms, which include the 24-hr circadian cycle, have recently been shown to regulate both nervous and immune cell activity and function. This review examines the current literature on chronobiological control of neuroinflammatory processes, with a focus on inflammatory and neuropathic pain states. While the majority of this work has stemmed from observational studies in humans, recent advances in using animal models have highlighted distinct mechanisms underlying these interactions. Better understanding interactions between the circadian and neuroimmune systems can help guide the development of new treatments and provide improved care for patients suffering from acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Segal
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn A Tresidder
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charvi Bhatt
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Gilron
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Abstract
Diets and feeding regimens affect many physiological systems in the organism and may contribute to the development or prevention of various pathologies including cardiovascular diseases or metabolic syndromes. Some of the dietary paradigms, such as calorie restriction, have many well-documented positive metabolic effects as well as the potential to extend longevity in different organisms. Recently, the circadian clocks were put forward as integral components of the calorie restriction mechanisms. The circadian clocks generate the circadian rhythms in behavior, physiology, and metabolism; circadian disruption is associated with reduced fitness and decreased longevity. Here we focus on recent advances in the interplay between the circadian clocks and dietary paradigms. We discuss how the regulation of the circadian clocks by feeding/nutrients and regulation of nutrient signaling pathways by the clocks may contribute to the beneficial effects of calorie restriction on metabolism and longevity, and whether the circadian system can be engaged for future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Chaudhari
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richa Gupta
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kuldeep Makwana
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roman Kondratov
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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12
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Tani N, Ikeda T, Oritani S, Michiue T, Ishikawa T. Role of Circadian Clock Genes in Sudden Cardiac Death: A Pilot Study. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Tani
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School
- Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-Legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC)
| | - Tomoya Ikeda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School
- Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-Legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC)
| | - Shigeki Oritani
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School
| | - Tomomi Michiue
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School
- Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-Legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC)
| | - Takaki Ishikawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School
- Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-Legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC)
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13
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Wang Y, Pati P, Xu Y, Chen F, Stepp DW, Huo Y, Rudic RD, Fulton DJR. Endotoxin Disrupts Circadian Rhythms in Macrophages via Reactive Oxygen Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155075. [PMID: 27168152 PMCID: PMC4863972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a transcriptional network that functions to regulate the expression of genes important in the anticipation of changes in cellular and organ function. Recent studies have revealed that the recognition of pathogens and subsequent initiation of inflammatory responses are strongly regulated by a macrophage-intrinsic circadian clock. We hypothesized that the circadian pattern of gene expression might be influenced by inflammatory stimuli and that loss of circadian function in immune cells can promote pro-inflammatory behavior. To investigate circadian rhythms in inflammatory cells, peritoneal macrophages were isolated from mPer2luciferase transgenic mice and circadian oscillations were studied in response to stimuli. Using Cosinor analysis, we found that LPS significantly altered the circadian period in peritoneal macrophages from mPer2luciferase mice while qPCR data suggested that the pattern of expression of the core circadian gene (Bmal1) was disrupted. Inhibition of TLR4 offered protection from the LPS-induced impairment in rhythm, suggesting a role for toll-like receptor signaling. To explore the mechanisms involved, we inhibited LPS-stimulated NO and superoxide. Inhibition of NO synthesis with L-NAME had no effect on circadian rhythms. In contrast, inhibition of superoxide with Tempol or PEG-SOD ameliorated the LPS-induced changes in circadian periodicity. In gain of function experiments, we found that overexpression of NOX5, a source of ROS, could significantly disrupt circadian function in a circadian reporter cell line (U2OS) whereas iNOS overexpression, a source of NO, was ineffective. To assess whether alteration of circadian rhythms influences macrophage function, peritoneal macrophages were isolated from Bmal1-KO and Per-TKO mice. Compared to WT macrophages, macrophages from circadian knockout mice exhibited altered balance between NO and ROS release, increased uptake of oxLDL and increased adhesion and migration. These results suggest that pro-inflammatory stimuli can disrupt circadian rhythms in macrophages and that impaired circadian rhythms may contribute to cardiovascular diseases by altering macrophage behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Wang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Paramita Pati
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yiming Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Feng Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - David W. Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - R. Daniel Rudic
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DF); (RDR)
| | - David J. R. Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DF); (RDR)
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14
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Nohara K, Yoo SH, Chen Z(J. Manipulating the circadian and sleep cycles to protect against metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:35. [PMID: 25852644 PMCID: PMC4369727 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modernization of human society parallels an epidemic of metabolic disorders including obesity. Apart from excess caloric intake, a 24/7 lifestyle poses another important challenge to our metabolic health. Recent research under both laboratory and epidemiological settings has indicated that abnormal temporal organization of sleep and wakeful activities including food intake is a significant risk factor for metabolic disease. The circadian clock system is our intrinsic biological timer that regulates internal rhythms such as the sleep/wake cycle and also responses to external stimuli including light and food. Initially thought to be mainly involved in the timing of sleep, the clock, and/or clock genes may also play a role in sleep architecture and homeostasis. Importantly, an extensive body of evidence has firmly established a master regulatory role of the clock in energy balance. Together, a close relationship between well-timed circadian/sleep cycles and metabolic health is emerging. Exploiting this functional connection, an important holistic strategy toward curbing the epidemic of metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity) involves corrective measures on the circadian clock and sleep. In addition to behavioral and environmental interventions including meal timing and light control, pharmacological agents targeting sleep and circadian clocks promise convenient and effective applications. Recent studies, for example, have reported small molecules targeting specific clock components and displaying robust beneficial effects on sleep and metabolism. Furthermore, a group of clock-amplitude-enhancing small molecules (CEMs) identified via high-throughput chemical screens are of particular interest for future in vivo studies of their metabolic and sleep efficacies. Elucidating the functional relationship between clock, sleep, and metabolism will also have far-reaching implications for various chronic human diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Nohara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng (Jake) Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- *Correspondence: Zheng (Jake) Chen, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 6.200, Houston, TX 77030, USA e-mail:
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15
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A circadian gene expression atlas in mammals: implications for biology and medicine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:16219-24. [PMID: 25349387 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1408886111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1476] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize the role of the circadian clock in mouse physiology and behavior, we used RNA-seq and DNA arrays to quantify the transcriptomes of 12 mouse organs over time. We found 43% of all protein coding genes showed circadian rhythms in transcription somewhere in the body, largely in an organ-specific manner. In most organs, we noticed the expression of many oscillating genes peaked during transcriptional "rush hours" preceding dawn and dusk. Looking at the genomic landscape of rhythmic genes, we saw that they clustered together, were longer, and had more spliceforms than nonoscillating genes. Systems-level analysis revealed intricate rhythmic orchestration of gene pathways throughout the body. We also found oscillations in the expression of more than 1,000 known and novel noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Supporting their potential role in mediating clock function, ncRNAs conserved between mouse and human showed rhythmic expression in similar proportions as protein coding genes. Importantly, we also found that the majority of best-selling drugs and World Health Organization essential medicines directly target the products of rhythmic genes. Many of these drugs have short half-lives and may benefit from timed dosage. In sum, this study highlights critical, systemic, and surprising roles of the mammalian circadian clock and provides a blueprint for advancement in chronotherapy.
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16
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Patel SA, Velingkaar NS, Kondratov RV. Transcriptional control of antioxidant defense by the circadian clock. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2997-3006. [PMID: 24111970 PMCID: PMC4038985 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The circadian clock, an internal timekeeping system, is implicated in the regulation of metabolism and physiology, and circadian dysfunctions are associated with pathological changes in model organisms and increased risk of some diseases in humans. RECENT ADVANCES Data obtained in different organisms, including humans, have established a tight connection between the clock and cellular redox signaling making it among the major candidates for a link between the circadian system and physiological processes. CRITICAL ISSUES In spite of the recent progress in understanding the importance of the circadian clock in the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis, molecular mechanisms and key regulators are mostly unknown. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Here we review, with an emphasis on transcriptional control, the circadian-clock-dependent control of oxidative stress response system as a potential mechanism in age-associated diseases. We will discuss the roles of the core clock components such as brain and muscle ARNT-like 1, Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput, the circadian-clock-controlled transcriptional factors such as nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and circadian clock control chromatin modifying enzymes from sirtuin family in the regulation of cellular and organism antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal A Patel
- Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences Department, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University , Cleveland, Ohio
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17
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Abstract
Our understanding on the functions of circadian clocks has deepened at a pace in recent years. Elucidation of the mechanisms of action might pave the way to a range of interventions of use in clinical practice in many fields of medicine.
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18
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Pizarro A, Hayer K, Lahens NF, Hogenesch JB. CircaDB: a database of mammalian circadian gene expression profiles. Nucleic Acids Res 2012. [PMID: 23180795 PMCID: PMC3531170 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CircaDB (http://circadb.org) is a new database of circadian transcriptional profiles from time course expression experiments from mice and humans. Each transcript's expression was evaluated by three separate algorithms, JTK_Cycle, Lomb Scargle and DeLichtenberg. Users can query the gene annotations using simple and powerful full text search terms, restrict results to specific data sets and provide probability thresholds for each algorithm. Visualizations of the data are intuitive charts that convey profile information more effectively than a table of probabilities. The CircaDB web application is open source and available at http://github.com/itmat/circadb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Pizarro
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Building 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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19
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Tong M, Watanabe E, Yamamoto N, Nagahata-Ishiguro M, Maemura K, Takeda N, Nagai R, Ozaki Y. Circadian expressions of cardiac ion channel genes in mouse might be associated with the central clock in the SCN but not the peripheral clock in the heart. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2012; 44:519-530. [PMID: 23420534 PMCID: PMC3570950 DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2012.704801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Significant circadian variations exist in the frequency of cardiac arrhythmia, but few studies have examined the relation between cardiac ion channels genes and biological clocks. We investigated this relation using suprachiasmatic nuclei lesion (SCNX) and pharmacological autonomic nervous system block (ANSB) mice. Significant 24-h variations were observed in the expression of clock genes Per2, Bmal1, and Dbp and ion channel genes KCNA5, KCND2, KCHIP2, and KCNK3 in the control mice hearts. In the SCNX mice, all genes examined lost circadian rhythm. In the ANSB mice, the expressions of the three clock genes were dampened significantly but still had circadian rhythm, whereas the four ion channel gene expressions lost rhythm. Heart rate also lost circadian rhythm in both the SCNX and ANSB mice. These results suggest that some ion channel gene expressions might be regulated by the central clock in the SCN through the ANS but not the peripheral clock in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqing Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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20
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Hughes ME, Hong HK, Chong JL, Indacochea AA, Lee SS, Han M, Takahashi JS, Hogenesch JB. Brain-specific rescue of Clock reveals system-driven transcriptional rhythms in peripheral tissue. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002835. [PMID: 22844252 PMCID: PMC3405989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian regulatory network is organized in a hierarchical fashion, with a central oscillator in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) orchestrating circadian oscillations in peripheral tissues. The nature of the relationship between central and peripheral oscillators, however, is poorly understood. We used the tetOFF expression system to specifically restore Clock function in the brains of Clock(Δ19) mice, which have compromised circadian clocks. Rescued mice showed normal locomotor rhythms in constant darkness, with activity period lengths approximating wildtype controls. We used microarray analysis to assess whether brain-specific rescue of circadian rhythmicity was sufficient to restore circadian transcriptional output in the liver. Compared to Clock mutants, Clock-rescue mice showed significantly larger numbers of cycling transcripts with appropriate phase and period lengths, including many components of the core circadian oscillator. This indicates that the SCN oscillator overcomes local circadian defects and signals directly to the molecular clock. Interestingly, the vast majority of core clock genes in liver were responsive to Clock expression in the SCN, suggesting that core clock genes in peripheral tissues are intrinsically sensitive to SCN cues. Nevertheless, most circadian output in the liver was absent or severely low-amplitude in Clock-rescue animals, demonstrating that the majority of peripheral transcriptional rhythms depend on a fully functional local circadian oscillator. We identified several new system-driven rhythmic genes in the liver, including Alas1 and Mfsd2. Finally, we show that 12-hour transcriptional rhythms (i.e., circadian "harmonics") are disrupted by Clock loss-of-function. Brain-specific rescue of Clock converted 12-hour rhythms into 24-hour rhythms, suggesting that signaling via the central circadian oscillator is required to generate one of the two daily peaks of expression. Based on these data, we conclude that 12-hour rhythms are driven by interactions between central and peripheral circadian oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Hughes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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21
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Vargas MH, Rodríguez-Godínez I, Arias-Gómez J, Furuya MEY. Variabilidad circadiana de la oximetría de pulso en niños sanos menores de 7 años. Arch Bronconeumol 2012; 48:202-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hughes ME, Hogenesch JB, Kornacker K. JTK_CYCLE: an efficient nonparametric algorithm for detecting rhythmic components in genome-scale data sets. J Biol Rhythms 2011; 25:372-80. [PMID: 20876817 DOI: 10.1177/0748730410379711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 735] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are oscillations of physiology, behavior, and metabolism that have period lengths near 24 hours. In several model organisms and humans, circadian clock genes have been characterized and found to be transcription factors. Because of this, researchers have used microarrays to characterize global regulation of gene expression and algorithmic approaches to detect cycling. This article presents a new algorithm, JTK_CYCLE, designed to efficiently identify and characterize cycling variables in large data sets. Compared with COSOPT and the Fisher's G test, two commonly used methods for detecting cycling transcripts, JTK_CYCLE distinguishes between rhythmic and nonrhythmic transcripts more reliably and efficiently. JTK_CYCLE's increased resistance to outliers results in considerably greater sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, JTK_CYCLE accurately measures the period, phase, and amplitude of cycling transcripts, facilitating downstream analyses. Finally, JTK_CYCLE is several orders of magnitude faster than COSOPT, making it ideal for large-scale data sets. JTK_CYCLE was used to analyze legacy data sets including NIH3T3 cells, which have comparatively low amplitude oscillations. JTK_CYCLE's improved power led to the identification of a novel cluster of RNA-interacting genes whose abundance is under clear circadian regulation. These data suggest that JTK_CYCLE is an ideal tool for identifying and characterizing oscillations in genome-scale data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Hughes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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23
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Khapre RV, Samsa WE, Kondratov RV. Circadian regulation of cell cycle: Molecular connections between aging and the circadian clock. Ann Med 2010; 42:404-15. [PMID: 20568980 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2010.499134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock generates oscillations in physiology and behavior, known as circadian rhythms. Links between the circadian clock genes Periods, Bmal1, and Cryptochromes and aging and cancer are emerging. Circadian clock gene expression is changed in human pathologies, and transgenic mice with mutations in clock genes develop cancer and premature aging. Control of genome integrity and cell proliferation play key roles in the development of age-associated pathologies and carcinogenesis. Here, we review recent data on the connection between the circadian clock and control of the cell cycle. The circadian clock regulates the activity and expression of several critical cell cycle and cell cycle check-point-related proteins, and in turn cell cycle-associated proteins regulate circadian clock proteins. DNA damage can reset the circadian clock, which provides a molecular mechanism for reciprocal regulation between the circadian clock and the cell cycle. This circadian clock-dependent control of cell proliferation, together with other known physiological functions of the circadian clock such as the control of metabolism, oxidative and genotoxic stress response, and DNA repair, opens new horizons for understanding the mechanisms behind aging and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini V Khapre
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44143, USA
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24
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Chronic treatment with a selective inhibitor of casein kinase I delta/epsilon yields cumulative phase delays in circadian rhythms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010; 210:569-76. [PMID: 20407760 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Casein kinase I epsilon/delta phosphorylates certain clock-related proteins as part of a complex arrangement of transcriptional/translational feedback loops that comprise the circadian oscillator in mammals. Pharmacologic inhibition leads to a delay of the oscillations with the magnitude of this effect dependent upon the timing of drug administration. OBJECTIVE Earlier studies by our lab described the actions of a selective CKI epsilon/delta inhibitor, PF-670462, on circadian behavior following acute dosing; the present work extended these studies to chronic once-daily treatment. METHODS Gross motor activity was used to estimate the circadian rhythms of rats maintained under a 12 L:12 D cycle. PF-670462, 10 or 30 mg/kg/day s.c., was administered once daily for 20 days either at ZT6 or ZT11 (i.e., 6 or 11 h after light onset). RESULTS Chronic administration of PF-670462, performed at a fixed time of day, produced delays in the activity onsets of rats that cumulated with the duration of dosing. Dosing at ZT11 yielded more robust delays than dosing at ZT6 in keeping with earlier phase-response analyses with this agent. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of the shifts in activity onsets achieved with chronic dosing of PF-670462 appears to be a function of the dose and the previously established phase relationship. Its cumulative effect further suggests that the pharmacodynamic t (1/2) of the drug greatly exceeds its pharmacokinetic one. Most importantly, these changes in circadian behavior occurred in the presence of a fixed L:D cycle, confirming the drug to be a robust modulator of circadian phase in the presence of the natural zeitgeber.
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25
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Bamne MN, Mansour H, Monk TH, Buysse DJ, Nimgaonkar VL. Approaches to unravel the genetics of sleep. Sleep Med Rev 2010; 14:397-404. [PMID: 20299255 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythms are complex and inter-connected physiological processes. Relative to the remarkable progress made in identifying the genetic basis of circadian rhythms and some specific sleep disorders, efforts to identify genetic variants associated with normal variation in sleep have progressed more slowly. Two key issues concerning the design of such studies must be addressed in order to facilitate further progress. The first concerns the sleep related traits to be targeted. The second issue is the choice of the gene-mapping method (linkage, candidate gene association or genome-wide association). This paper discusses these issues, reviews published studies of sleep phenotypes, and recommends cost-effective methods to advance knowledge of the genetic determinants of normal sleep patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhil N Bamne
- Department of Psychiatry, 441 Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara St., University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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26
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Kondratov RV, Vykhovanets O, Kondratova AA, Antoch MP. Antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine ameliorates symptoms of premature aging associated with the deficiency of the circadian protein BMAL1. Aging (Albany NY) 2009; 1:979-87. [PMID: 20157581 PMCID: PMC2815755 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of the circadian clock protein BMAL1 leads to premature aging and increased levels of reactivate oxygen species in several tissues of mice. In order to investigate the role of oxidative stress in accelerated aging and development of age-related pathologies, we continuously administered the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine toBmal1-deficient mice through their entire lifespan by supplementing drinking water. We found that the life long treatment with antioxidant significantly increased average and maximal lifespan and reduced the rate of age-dependent weight loss and development of cataracts. At the same time, it had no effect on time of onset and severity of other age-related pathologies characteristic of Bmal1-/- mice, such as joint ossification, reduced hair regrowth and sarcopenia. We conclude that chronic oxidative stress affects longevity and contributes to the development of at least some age-associated pathology, although ROS-independent mechanisms may also play a role. Our bioinformatics analysis identified the presence of a conservative E box element in the promoter regions of several genes encoding major antioxidant enzymes. We speculate that BMAL1 controls antioxidant defense by regulating the expression of major antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Kondratov
- Department of Biological, Geological and
Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115,
USA
| | - Olena Vykhovanets
- Departments of Cancer Biology Cleveland Clinic
Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Present address: Department of Urology, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Anna A. Kondratova
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Cleveland
Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Marina P. Antoch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology,
Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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28
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Abstract
Plasma PAI-1 levels robustly fluctuate in a circadian manner and consequently contribute to hypofibrinolysis during the early morning. The circadian expression of PAI-1 gene is thought to be directly regulated by the circadian clock proteins such as CLOCK and BMAL1/BMAL2 which drive the endogenous biological clock. Plasma PAI-1 levels are increased in the beginning of the active phase in both diurnal humans and in nocturnal rodents, suggesting that the rhythmic PAI-1 expression is commonly indispensable for organisms. A series of our recent studies revealed that circadian clock proteins are important for hypofibrinolysis induced by metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaka Oishi
- Clock Cell Biology Research Group, Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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29
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Hughes ME, DiTacchio L, Hayes KR, Vollmers C, Pulivarthy S, Baggs JE, Panda S, Hogenesch JB. Harmonics of circadian gene transcription in mammals. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000442. [PMID: 19343201 PMCID: PMC2654964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a molecular and cellular oscillator found in most mammalian tissues that regulates rhythmic physiology and behavior. Numerous investigations have addressed the contribution of circadian rhythmicity to cellular, organ, and organismal physiology. We recently developed a method to look at transcriptional oscillations with unprecedented precision and accuracy using high-density time sampling. Here, we report a comparison of oscillating transcription from mouse liver, NIH3T3, and U2OS cells. Several surprising observations resulted from this study, including a 100-fold difference in the number of cycling transcripts in autonomous cellular models of the oscillator versus tissues harvested from intact mice. Strikingly, we found two clusters of genes that cycle at the second and third harmonic of circadian rhythmicity in liver, but not cultured cells. Validation experiments show that 12-hour oscillatory transcripts occur in several other peripheral tissues as well including heart, kidney, and lungs. These harmonics are lost ex vivo, as well as under restricted feeding conditions. Taken in sum, these studies illustrate the importance of time sampling with respect to multiple testing, suggest caution in use of autonomous cellular models to study clock output, and demonstrate the existence of harmonics of circadian gene expression in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Luciano DiTacchio
- Regulatory Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Hayes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christopher Vollmers
- Regulatory Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - S. Pulivarthy
- Regulatory Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Julie E. Baggs
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SP); (JBH)
| | - John B. Hogenesch
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SP); (JBH)
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30
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Michael TP, Breton G, Hazen SP, Priest H, Mockler TC, Kay SA, Chory J. A morning-specific phytohormone gene expression program underlying rhythmic plant growth. PLoS Biol 2008; 6:e225. [PMID: 18798691 PMCID: PMC2535664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most organisms use daily light/dark cycles as timing cues to control many essential physiological processes. In plants, growth rates of the embryonic stem (hypocotyl) are maximal at different times of day, depending on external photoperiod and the internal circadian clock. However, the interactions between light signaling, the circadian clock, and growth-promoting hormone pathways in growth control remain poorly understood. At the molecular level, such growth rhythms could be attributed to several different layers of time-specific control such as phasing of transcription, signaling, or protein abundance. To determine the transcriptional component associated with the rhythmic control of growth, we applied temporal analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana seedling transcriptome under multiple growth conditions and mutant backgrounds using DNA microarrays. We show that a group of plant hormone-associated genes are coexpressed at the time of day when hypocotyl growth rate is maximal. This expression correlates with overrepresentation of a cis-acting element (CACATG) in phytohormone gene promoters, which is sufficient to confer the predicted diurnal and circadian expression patterns in vivo. Using circadian clock and light signaling mutants, we show that both internal coincidence of phytohormone signaling capacity and external coincidence with darkness are required to coordinate wild-type growth. From these data, we argue that the circadian clock indirectly controls growth by permissive gating of light-mediated phytohormone transcript levels to the proper time of day. This temporal integration of hormone pathways allows plants to fine tune phytohormone responses for seasonal and shade-appropriate growth regulation. In plants, stems elongate faster at dawn. This time-of-day–specific growth is controlled by integration of environmental cues and the circadian clock. The specific effectors of growth in plants are the phytohormones: auxin, ethylene, gibberellins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and cytokinins. Each phytohormone plays an independent as well as an overlapping role in growth, and understanding the interactions of the phytohormones has dominated plant research over the past century. The authors present a model in which the circadian clock coordinates growth by synchronizing phytohormone gene expression at dawn, allowing a plant to control growth in a condition-specific manner. Furthermore, the results presented provide a new framework for future experiments aimed at understanding the integration and crosstalk of the phytohormones. Why do plants grow faster at dawn? New results suggest that light and the circadian clock coordinate growth by synchronizing the expression of plant hormone genes at dawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd P Michael
- Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ghislain Breton
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Samuel P Hazen
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Henry Priest
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Todd C Mockler
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Steve A Kay
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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High-resolution time course analysis of gene expression from pituitary. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2008; 72:381-6. [PMID: 18419295 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2007.72.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral tissues, the circadian oscillator drives rhythmic transcription of downstream target genes. Recently, a number of studies have used DNA microarrays to systematically identify oscillating transcripts in plants, fruit flies, rats, and mice. These studies have identified several dozen to many hundred rhythmically expressed genes by sampling tissues every 4 hours for 1, 2, or more days. To extend this work, we have performed DNA microarray analysis on RNA derived from the mouse pituitary sampled every hour for 2 days. COSOPT and Fisher's G-test were used at a false-discovery rate of less than 5% to identify more than 250 genes in the pituitary that oscillate with a 24-hour period length. We found that increasing the frequency of sampling across the circadian day dramatically increased the statistical power of both COSOPT and Fisher's G-test, resulting in considerably more high-confidence identifications of rhythmic transcripts than previously described. Finally, to extend the utility of these data sets, a Web-based resource has been constructed (at http://wasabi.itmat.upenn.edu/circa/mouse ) that is freely available to the research community.
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32
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Sampson AK, Widdop RE, Denton KM. Sex-differences in circadian blood pressure variations in response to chronic angiotensin II infusion in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:391-5. [PMID: 18307727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic angiotensin II (AngII) infusion on the circadian rhythms of arterial blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and locomotor activity (ACT) in male and female rats. 2. Radiotelemetry probes were implanted into the aorta in male and female rats and allowed 10 days for recovery. Control levels for mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR and ACT were recorded for 3 days, then AngII (400 ng/kg per min s.c. via osmotic minipump) or vehicle (saline) was infused for 10 days (n = 6 per group). Further recordings of MAP, HR and ACT were made during days 8, 9 and 10 of the infusion period. 3. In response to AngII infusion, night and day-time MAP increased significantly in female (18 +/- 2 mmHg; 28 +/- 7 mmHg) and male (27 +/- 4 mmHg; 30 +/- 3 mmHg) rats, respectively. The degree of elevation in MAP in response to AngII was attenuated in the females during the night period (P(sex) < 0.05) but not the day (P(sex) = 0.2). Control night-day differences in MAP, HR and ACT averaged 7 +/- 1 mmHg, 58 +/- 5 b.p.m. and 30 +/- 4 units in the female and 6 +/- 1 mmHg, 43 +/- 3 b.p.m. (P(sex) < 0.05) and 14 +/- 2 units (P(sex) < 0.05) in male rats, respectively. AngII infusion disrupted MAP circadian rhythm in female (-4 +/- 2 mmHg) and male rats (1 +/- 2 mmHg; P(treat) < 0.01), but did not affect heart rate or locomotor activity. 4. In conclusion, sex differences in the circadian rhythm of heart rate and locomotor activity, but not arterial pressure exist under basal conditions. Circulating AngII modulated the circadian rhythm of MAP in female and male rats but not heart rate or locomotor activity. These findings have important implications for our understanding of circadian blood pressure rhythms in states of activation of the renin angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Sampson
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kunieda T, Minamino T, Miura K, Katsuno T, Tateno K, Miyauchi H, Kaneko S, Bradfield CA, FitzGerald GA, Komuro I. Reduced Nitric Oxide Causes Age-Associated Impairment of Circadian Rhythmicity. Circ Res 2008; 102:607-14. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.162230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshige Kunieda
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (T. Kunieda, T.M., K.M., T. Katsuno, K.T., H.M., I.K.), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (T. Kunieda, G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; PRESTO (T.M.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Disease Control of Homeostasis (S.K.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan; and McArdle Laboratory for
| | - Tohru Minamino
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (T. Kunieda, T.M., K.M., T. Katsuno, K.T., H.M., I.K.), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (T. Kunieda, G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; PRESTO (T.M.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Disease Control of Homeostasis (S.K.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan; and McArdle Laboratory for
| | - Kentaro Miura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (T. Kunieda, T.M., K.M., T. Katsuno, K.T., H.M., I.K.), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (T. Kunieda, G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; PRESTO (T.M.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Disease Control of Homeostasis (S.K.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan; and McArdle Laboratory for
| | - Taro Katsuno
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (T. Kunieda, T.M., K.M., T. Katsuno, K.T., H.M., I.K.), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (T. Kunieda, G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; PRESTO (T.M.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Disease Control of Homeostasis (S.K.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan; and McArdle Laboratory for
| | - Kaoru Tateno
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (T. Kunieda, T.M., K.M., T. Katsuno, K.T., H.M., I.K.), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (T. Kunieda, G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; PRESTO (T.M.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Disease Control of Homeostasis (S.K.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan; and McArdle Laboratory for
| | - Hideyuki Miyauchi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (T. Kunieda, T.M., K.M., T. Katsuno, K.T., H.M., I.K.), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (T. Kunieda, G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; PRESTO (T.M.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Disease Control of Homeostasis (S.K.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan; and McArdle Laboratory for
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (T. Kunieda, T.M., K.M., T. Katsuno, K.T., H.M., I.K.), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (T. Kunieda, G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; PRESTO (T.M.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Disease Control of Homeostasis (S.K.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan; and McArdle Laboratory for
| | - Christopher A. Bradfield
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (T. Kunieda, T.M., K.M., T. Katsuno, K.T., H.M., I.K.), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (T. Kunieda, G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; PRESTO (T.M.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Disease Control of Homeostasis (S.K.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan; and McArdle Laboratory for
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (T. Kunieda, T.M., K.M., T. Katsuno, K.T., H.M., I.K.), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (T. Kunieda, G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; PRESTO (T.M.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Disease Control of Homeostasis (S.K.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan; and McArdle Laboratory for
| | - Issei Komuro
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (T. Kunieda, T.M., K.M., T. Katsuno, K.T., H.M., I.K.), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (T. Kunieda, G.A.F.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; PRESTO (T.M.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; Department of Disease Control of Homeostasis (S.K.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan; and McArdle Laboratory for
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Kondratov RV, Antoch MP. Circadian proteins in the regulation of cell cycle and genotoxic stress responses. Trends Cell Biol 2007; 17:311-7. [PMID: 17644383 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian system has been implicated in the regulation of the genotoxic stress response of an organism; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Recent data suggest that, in addition to circadian variations in the expression of genes involved in genotoxic stress responses, core circadian proteins PERIOD1 (PER1) and TIMELESS (TIM) interact with components of the cell cycle checkpoint system, such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)-Chk1, and are necessary for activation of Chk1 and Chk2 by DNA damage. Moreover, in complex with its recently identified partner, TIM-interacting protein (TIPIN), TIM interacts with components of the DNA replication system to regulate DNA replication processes under both normal and stress conditions. These discoveries shed new light on the role of core circadian proteins in various cellular and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Kondratov
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
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