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Luo Y, Zhang W, Liu M, Zhao J, Fan Y, Bian B, Tao Z, Xiao X. A supramolecular fluorescent probe based on cucurbit[10]uril for sensing the pesticide dodine. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mardani Z, Shakoori A, Peiravian F, Nouri L, Salamzadeh J. Development of A Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Technique for Evaluation of Multi-class Pesticides in Rice Samples. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:165-174. [PMID: 34400950 PMCID: PMC8170775 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.113071.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, a liquid chromatography coupled mass detector was set up to detect and quantify 108 pesticide residues in rice samples. QuEChERS method was applied for sample preparation and different validation parameters were determined to ensure the suitability of the method. The calibration curves were linear in the concentration 0.01-1.00 mg/kg with a coefficient of determination (R2) of more than 0.990 for all compounds. Based on signal to noise studies, the calculated LODs and LOQs were 0.005-0.060 mg/kg and 0.018-0.199 mg/kg, respectively; and acquired mean recoveries at three spiked levels (0.025, 0.200 and 0.800 mg/kg) were 72% - 117% with RSD < 20%. The developed method was used to investigate the occurrence of the studied pesticides in 65 internal and 65 foreign rice samples. The results showed that 14 internal and 15 imported samples were found to be contaminated 12 pesticides in the amounts between 0.027 mg/kg to 0.078 mg/kg and 0.031 mg/kg to 0.081 mg/kg, respectively. According to the Iranian regulations, with the exception of nine prohibited pesticides for rice production in Iran, bioallethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, flutriafol, foramsulfuron, imazalil, phosphamidon, TCMTB, and triasulfuron, three permitted pesticides, cinosulfuron, triadimenol, and tricyclazole, found in positive rice samples were below MRLs established by Iranian National Standard Organization (INSO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mardani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
- Vice-Chancellor for Food and Drugs Affairs, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Attaollah Shakoori
- Vice-Chancellor for Food and Drugs Affairs, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Peiravian
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Nouri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
| | - Jamshid Salamzadeh
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mebdoua S, Ounane G. Evaluation of pesticide residues in wheat grains and its products from Algeria. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2019.1661529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mebdoua
- Département des sciences agronomiques, Université de Akli Mohand Oulhadj Bouira, Bouira, Algeria
| | - Ghania Ounane
- Laboratoire d’amélioration intégrative des productions végétales, Ecole nationale supérieure agronomique, Alger, Algérie
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Sisson SB, Salvatore AL, Hildebrand D, Poe T, Merchant C, Slawinski M, Kracht CL, Stoner JA, Alcala Lazarte N, Schneider LAF, Weber J, Jones F, Ward D. Interventions to promote healthy environments in family child care homes in Oklahoma-Happy Healthy Homes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:541. [PMID: 31470886 PMCID: PMC6716934 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood is a critical period of development. Caregivers, including providers of early care and education (ECE), have a substantial influence on the health of young children. Family child care homes (FCCHs), which are small, licensed ECE businesses operated out of the residences of providers, are important settings for promoting child health. However, to date, few interventions to promote the health of children have been developed for FCCHs. The purpose of this article is to describe the protocol for Happy Healthy Homes, a pilot interdisciplinary, community-based study to improve FCCH environments and the health of children in Oklahoma. We describe the development and evaluation of two interventions to be tested in a matched attention randomized controlled trial: 1) a nutrition intervention aimed at enhancing the nutritional quality of meals served to young children, incorporating the Child and Adult Care Food Program best practices, and improving nutritional self-efficacy of providers; and 2) an environmental intervention aimed at increasing providers' environmental health literacy, self-efficacy for integrated pest management (IPM), and awareness of less toxic cleaning practices and FCCH provider cleaning behaviors. METHODS Both interventions are informed by common theoretical principles and are matched in attention (i.e., 6 h), format (i.e., two individual 90-min educational home visits and a 3-h small group class) and materials (i.e., tool kit of educational materials and supplies tailored to the allocated intervention). A randomized trial of both interventions is currently underway with 52 FCCH providers in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area who participate in the Child and Adult Care Food Program. Observed and self-reported measures will be collected at baseline, and 3 months and 12 months after baseline measurements. Randomization to one of the two interventions will occur after baseline data collection. DISCUSSION This study aims to support FCCH providers in creating healthier FCCH environments for nutrition and environmental health. Successful completion will provide critical information about the nutritional quality and the environmental health of children in FCCHs, as well as much needed evidence about the efficacy of two community-based interventions to improve the nutrition and environmental health of children in home-based ECE settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03560050 . Retrospectively registered on 23 May 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B. Sisson
- Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N Stonewall Ave, AHB 3057, Oklahoma City, OK 73117-1215 USA
| | - Alicia L. Salvatore
- Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Christiana Care Health System, 4755 Ogletown-Stanton Road, Newark, Delaware 19718 USA
| | - Deana Hildebrand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Tiffany Poe
- School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA
| | - Cady Merchant
- Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N Stonewall Ave, AHB 3057, Oklahoma City, OK 73117-1215 USA
| | - Megan Slawinski
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Chelsea L. Kracht
- Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N Stonewall Ave, AHB 3057, Oklahoma City, OK 73117-1215 USA
| | - Julie A. Stoner
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Naneida Alcala Lazarte
- Division of Research and Data Analysis, State Department of Education, Oklahoma City, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Weber
- Division of Child Nutrition, Oklahoma State Department of Education, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Felecia Jones
- Mrs. Felecia’s Playhouse Preschool, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Dianne Ward
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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Zhou J, Mainelis G, Weisel CP. Pyrethroid levels in toddlers' breathing zone following a simulated indoor pesticide spray. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019; 29:389-396. [PMID: 30185948 PMCID: PMC7323485 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Application of pyrethroid insecticides in residential settings may result in children's exposures to these chemicals and possible adverse health effects. Household dust is a recognized reservoir for pyrethroids and a potential medium for multi-route pyrethroid exposure. Young children move and play in a manner that resuspends dust, and since their breathing zone is close to the floor, they will have higher inhalation exposure to pesticide-laden dust than other age groups. Directly measuring a toddler's exposure to household dust presents many logistic challenges. We simulated the dust resuspension induced by a toddler using a robot, which also served as a platform to collect air samples at the toddler's breathing zone height. We performed simulated pyrethroid residential spray and dust resuspension experiments on vinyl and carpeted floors. The mean pyrethroid airborne concentrations in the stationary and mobile samples were 0.065 μg/m3 and 0.143 μg/m3 for the vinyl floor with 1 g/m2 dust loading, and 0.034 μg/m3 and 0.061 μg/m3 for the carpeted floor with 10 g/m2 dust loading, respectively. Pyrethroids concentrations in the settled dust samples were significantly lower than that measured in the stationary and mobile samples in the carpeted floor experiments. Thus, the use of stationary samples and settled dust samples may underestimate a toddler's personal inhalation exposure to pyrethroids in residential houses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhou
- Division of Exposure Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gediminas Mainelis
- Division of Exposure Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Clifford P Weisel
- Division of Exposure Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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Salamzadeh J, Shakoori A, Moradi V. Occurrence of multiclass pesticide residues in tomato samples collected from different markets of Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2018; 16:55-63. [PMID: 29983989 PMCID: PMC6021478 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-018-0296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides are a reason for popular concern due to their possible unfavorable results on human safety. Most pesticide residues are present in food owing to the direct application of a pesticide to a crop. The aims of this study were; development a multiresidue method for analysis of 81 pesticides in tomato using GC/MS, and detection and quantitation of the studied pesticides in tomato samples gathered from various stores of Iran. METHODS The pesticides were assessed concurrently in a single run applying GC/MS after extraction with QuEChERS method. Homogenized tomato samples were weighed into centrifuge tubes. The studied pesticides were extracted using acetonitrile, followed by the addition of a mixture of anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium acetate. In order to remove excess water and other components of tomato a combination of primary secondary amine and magnesium sulfate was applied, and then the extracted components were analyzed by GC-MS. RESULTS The calibration curves for all analytes were linear in the range of 20-200 ng/g with a determination coefficient (R2) in the range between 0.993 and 0.999. The LODs and LOQs were in the range between 2.5-6.7 and 7.5-20 ng/g respectively, and the mean recoveries obtained for three fortification levels (25,50 and 100 ng/g -five replicates each) were 72-116% with RSD < 20%. Six residues were found in 31 (20.7%) samples. Iprodione was the most common detected residues (6.0%), followed by permethrine (4.7%), esfenvalerate (4.7%), chlorpyrifos (3.3%), diazinon (2.0%), and penconazole (1.3%). CONCLUSIONS Among the detected pesticides, only Iprodione, permethrine, chlorpyrifos and diazinon are registered for tomato production in Iran. With exception of Chlorpyrifos and diazinon the concentrations of iprodione and permethrine were found below the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by Iranian National Standard Organization (INSO). Esfenvalerate and penconazole are not registered for tomato production in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to control and management of their residues in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Salamzadeh
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Attaollah Shakoori
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Vice-Chancellor for Food and Drug Affairs, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Moradi
- Vice-Chancellor for Food and Drug Affairs, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Probst JC, Barker JC, Enders A, Gardiner P. Current State of Child Health in Rural America: How Context Shapes Children's Health. J Rural Health 2018; 34 Suppl 1:s3-s12. [PMID: 27677973 PMCID: PMC5373918 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children's health is influenced by the context in which they live. We provide a descriptive essay on the status of children in rural America to highlight features of the rural environment that may affect health. DESCRIPTION We compiled information concerning components of the rural environment that may contribute to health outcomes. Areas addressed include the economic characteristics, provider availability, uniquely rural health risks, health services use, and health outcomes among rural children. ASSESSMENT Nearly 12 million children live in the rural United States. Rural counties are economically disadvantaged, leading to higher rates of poverty among rural versus urban children. Rural and urban children are approximately equally likely to be insured, but Medicaid insures a higher proportion of children in rural areas. While generally similar in health, rural children are more likely to be overweight or obese than urban children. Rural parents are less likely to report that their children received preventive medical or oral health visits than urban parents. Rural children are more likely to die than their urban peers, largely due to unintentional injury. CONCLUSION Improving rural children's health will require both increased public health surveillance and research that creates solutions appropriate for rural environments, where health care professionals may be in short supply. Most importantly, solutions must be multisectoral, engaging education, economic development, and other community perspectives as well as health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice C. Probst
- South Carolina Rural Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Judith C. Barker
- Department of Anthropology, History & Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexandra Enders
- Rural Institute on Disabilities, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Paula Gardiner
- Program for Integrative Medicine & Health Care Disparities, Department of Family Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Mohammad F, Al-Baggou B, Naser A, Fadel M. In vitroinhibition of plasma and brain cholinesterases of growing chicks by chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2013.875912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
This review comprehensively summarizes the effects of more than 15 mostly used pesticides on male reproductive physiology, as recent experimental and epidemiological research have indicated their alarming impact on overall human health. Mechanisms have described that pesticide exposure damages spermatozoa, alter Sertoli or Leydig cell function, both in vitro and in vivo and thus affects semen quality. But, the literature suggests a need for more intricate research in those pesticides that are defined as mutagens or carcinogens and directly affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. This literature review also proposes specific solutions to overcome these health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajdeb Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Akyildiz BN, Kondolot M, Kurtoğlu S, Akin L. Organophosphate intoxication presenting as diabetic keto-acidosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 29:155-8. [DOI: 10.1179/146532809x440789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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da Silva AC, Deda DK, da Róz AL, Prado RA, Carvalho CC, Viviani V, Leite FL. Nanobiosensors based on chemically modified AFM probes: a useful tool for metsulfuron-methyl detection. SENSORS 2013; 13:1477-89. [PMID: 23348034 PMCID: PMC3649369 DOI: 10.3390/s130201477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of agrochemicals has increased considerably in recent years, and consequently, there has been increased exposure of ecosystems and human populations to these highly toxic compounds. The study and development of methodologies to detect these substances with greater sensitivity has become extremely relevant. This article describes, for the first time, the use of atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) in the detection of enzyme-inhibiting herbicides. A nanobiosensor based on an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip functionalised with the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme was developed and characterised. The herbicide metsulfuron-methyl, an ALS inhibitor, was successfully detected through the acquisition of force curves using this biosensor. The adhesion force values were considerably higher when the biosensor was used. An increase of ~250% was achieved relative to the adhesion force using an unfunctionalised AFM tip. This considerable increase was the result of a specific interaction between the enzyme and the herbicide, which was primarily responsible for the efficiency of the nanobiosensor. These results indicate that this methodology is promising for the detection of herbicides, pesticides, and other environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline C.N. da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Nanoneurobiophysics, Nanoneurobiophysics Research Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, CP 3031, Sorocaba-SP, 18052-780, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.C.N.S.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Daiana K. Deda
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Nanoneurobiophysics, Nanoneurobiophysics Research Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, CP 3031, Sorocaba-SP, 18052-780, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.C.N.S.); (A.L.R.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (D.K.D.); (F.L.L.); Tel./Fax: +55-3229-6014
| | - Alessandra L. da Róz
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Nanoneurobiophysics, Nanoneurobiophysics Research Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, CP 3031, Sorocaba-SP, 18052-780, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.C.N.S.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Rogilene A. Prado
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Bioluminescence, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, CP 3031, Sorocaba-SP, 18052-780, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.A.P.); (C.C.C.); (V.V.)
| | - Camila C. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Bioluminescence, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, CP 3031, Sorocaba-SP, 18052-780, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.A.P.); (C.C.C.); (V.V.)
| | - Vadim Viviani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Bioluminescence, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, CP 3031, Sorocaba-SP, 18052-780, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.A.P.); (C.C.C.); (V.V.)
| | - Fabio L. Leite
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Nanoneurobiophysics, Nanoneurobiophysics Research Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, CP 3031, Sorocaba-SP, 18052-780, Brazil; E-Mails: (A.C.N.S.); (A.L.R.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (D.K.D.); (F.L.L.); Tel./Fax: +55-3229-6014
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Bergkvist C, Aune M, Nilsson I, Sandanger TM, Hamadani JD, Tofail F, Oyvind-Odland J, Kabir I, Vahter M. Occurrence and levels of organochlorine compounds in human breast milk in Bangladesh. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:784-790. [PMID: 22551873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In low-income countries, the use of some organochlorine pesticides is still common in order to increase food production. Monitoring the chemical exposure is an important step in risk-reducing strategies. This is the first study to report concentrations of organochlorines in breast milk of women from Bangladesh where farming is the main income source. Organochlorines such as p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD (i.e., ∑DDT), HCB, α-, β- and γ-HCH, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, oxy-chlordane, trans-nonachlor, cis-nonachlor, mirex and polychlorinated biphenyls (CB 28, 52, 99, 101, 105, 114, 118, 123, 128, 138, 141, 149, 153, 156, 157, 163, 167, 170, 180, 183, 187, 189, 194) were analyzed in breast milk collected in 2002 from 72 first-time mothers (median age 20years) living in the rural area Matlab, Bangladesh. While the concentrations of PCBs and many of the pesticides were low, the concentrations of p,p'-DDT and its metabolite p,p'-DDE were high (median 349 and 1645ngg(-1)lipid, respectively) in comparison to other countries. The median value of ∑DDT was 2123ngg(-1)lipid. The estimated daily exposure to p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE and ∑DDTs was 10, 30 and 42μgkg(-1) body weight, respectively, in 3months old infants. The p,p'-DDE/p,p'-DDT ratio ranged from 1 to 23, where 58% of the mothers had a ratio below 5 indicating recent or ongoing DDT exposure. This study reports infant exposure and maternal body burden of organochlorines through breast milk. Although the findings give no reason to limit breast-feeding, it is essential to identify the main exposure sources and find means to decrease the exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bergkvist
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobelsv. 13, PO Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Verhulst SL, Nelen V, Hond ED, Koppen G, Beunckens C, Vael C, Schoeters G, Desager K. Intrauterine exposure to environmental pollutants and body mass index during the first 3 years of life. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:122-6. [PMID: 19165398 PMCID: PMC2627855 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS) and prenatal exposure to hexachlorobenzene, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dioxin-like compounds, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). METHODS In this prospective birth cohort study, we assessed a random sample of mother-infant pairs (n = 138) living in Flanders, Belgium, with follow-up until the children were 3 years of age. We measured body mass index as standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) of children 1-3 years of age as well as pollutants measured in cord blood. RESULTS DDE correlated with BMI SDS, with effect modification by maternal smoking and the child's age. At 1 year, children of smoking mothers had higher BMI SDS than did children of nonsmoking mothers. At 3 years, this difference was reduced because of the faster rate of decline in BMI SDS in the former group. This relationship held except for children with high levels of DDE. DDE had a small effect on BMI SDS at 3 years of age in children of nonsmoking mothers (difference in BMI SDS for DDE concentrations between the 90th and 10th percentiles = 0.13). On the other hand, smoking enhanced the relation between DDE and BMI SDS at 3 years (difference in BMI SDS for DDE concentrations between the 90th and 10th percentiles = 0.76). Increasing concentrations of PCBs were associated with higher BMI SDS values at all ages (parameter estimate = 0.003 +/- 0.001; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION In this study we demonstrated that intrauterine exposure to DDE and PCBs is associated with BMI during early childhood. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to assess possible mechanisms by which these pollutants could alter energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn L Verhulst
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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McKinlay R, Plant JA, Bell JNB, Voulvoulis N. Calculating human exposure to endocrine disrupting pesticides via agricultural and non-agricultural exposure routes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 398:1-12. [PMID: 18417188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are of increasing concern because of their potential impacts on the environment, wildlife and human health. Pesticides and some pesticide metabolites are an important group of EDC, and exposure to them is a poorly quantified source of human and environmental exposure to such chemicals generally. Models for estimating human exposure to Endocrine Disrupting (ED) pesticides are an important risk management tool. Probabilistic models are now being used in addition to deterministic ones in all areas of risk assessment. These can provide more realistic exposure estimates, because they are better able to deal with variation and uncertainty more effectively and better inform risk management decisions. Deterministic models are still used and are of great value where exposure data are scarce. Models or groups of models that provide holistic human ED pesticide exposure estimates are required if the risk posed to humans by ED pesticides is to be better assessed. Much more research is needed to quantify different exposure routes such as exposure from agricultural spray drift and the medical use of pesticides to develop such models. Most available probabilistic models of human exposure were developed in the USA and require modification for use elsewhere. In particular, datasets equivalent to those used to create and apply the American models are required. This paper examines the known routes of human pesticide exposure with particular reference to ED pesticides and their quantification as unlike pesticides generally, many ED pesticides are harmful at very low doses, especially if exposure occurs during sensitive stages of development, producing effects that may not manifest for many years or that affect descendants via epigenetic changes. It also summarises available deterministic and probabilistic models commonly used to calculate human exposure. The main requirement if such models are to be used in the UK is more quantitative data on the sources and pathways of human ED pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R McKinlay
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
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LC/MS/MS detection of fungicide guazatine residues for quality assessment of commercial citrus fruit. Eur Food Res Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-008-0849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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