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Hong S, Nam S, Wong JYH, Kim H. Post-traumatic responses to workplace violence among nursing professionals: a collaborative and comparative study in South Korea and Hong Kong. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:354. [PMID: 37794376 PMCID: PMC10548618 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence has had a significant and negative psychological impact on nursing professionals worldwide. Concerted worldwide efforts to improve work environments have not yet removed nursing professionals from the threat of violence. It is highly essential to conduct comparative research in various working environments where the nurses of each country have unique experiences of workplace violence. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in the rate, associated factors, and post-traumatic responses to workplace violence between South Korean and Chinese nurses in Hong Kong among East Asian countries. METHODS A cross-sectional, correlational study design recruited a total of 471 registered nurses (319 South Korean nurses and 152 Chinese nurses in Hong Kong; overall response rate = 78.5%) at online communities in South Korea and Hong Kong. The data were collected by conducting a Qualtrics survey from January 15, 2020, to July 24, 2021. A structured questionnaire was administered for data collection, including rate of workplace violence, perception of workplace violence, attitudes toward workplace violence, coping styles, post-traumatic cognitions, post-traumatic stress disorder, post-traumatic growth, and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress). T-test, chi-squared, and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS In our sample, 30.7% South Korean nurses and 31.6% Chinese nurses in Hong Kong had experienced workplace violence. South Korean and Chinese nurses in Hong Kong with experience of workplace violence had lower perceptions of it. Nurses with experience of workplace violence reported lower levels of mental health, and this trend was more prominent among South Korean nurses. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings showed a positive association between workplace violence and post-traumatic responses in both settings. We found that the close monitoring of post-traumatic responses associated with workplace violence could be improved by enhancing nurses' perception of workplace violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyun Hong
- College of Nursing Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nursing, Korean Bible University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Nam
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Janet Yuen Ha Wong
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Heejung Kim
- College of Nursing and Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mohamad Yazid MN, Nik Husain NR, Daud A, Osman Y, Mustapa N, Abdul Hadi A. Employers' Perception and Practice of Workplace Violence Prevention at Healthcare Facilities Questionnaire: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:192-205. [PMID: 37928796 PMCID: PMC10624442 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.5.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace violence prevention initiatives are undeniably lacking in healthcare facilities. The aim of this study was to validate a newly developed questionnaire and assess employers' perceptions and practices towards workplace violence prevention at healthcare facilities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to November 2021 by recruiting 333 employers at healthcare facilities in Kelantan, Malaysia. The original draft of the Malay version of the questionnaire comprised 62 items constructed under two domains (perception and practice). A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate construct validity and internal consistency using R software. Results The final model for the perception and practice domain of the questionnaire consisted of 13 factors and 56 items. The factor loadings for all items were above 0.6. The fit indices used for confirmatory factor analysis in the final model were as follows: χ2 = 2092.6 (P < 0.001), standardised root mean squared residual (SRMR) = 0.053, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.042, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.928 and Tucker Lewis index (TLI) = 0.920. The construct reliability for all factors was reliable, with Raykov's rho coefficients above 0.70. Conclusion The newly developed questionnaire demonstrated excellent psychometric properties and adequate validity and reliability, confirming that this instrument is reliable and valuable for evaluating employers' perceptions and practices towards workplace violence prevention at healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nizam Mohamad Yazid
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Rosmawati Nik Husain
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aziah Daud
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Normazura Mustapa
- Melaka State Health of Department, Melaka International Trade Centre, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Azlihanis Abdul Hadi
- Ministry of Health Malaysia, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya, Malaysia
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Daud A, Osman Y, Mustapa N, Abdul Hadi A. Development and Validation of a Questionnaire Assessing the Perception and Practice of Workplace Violence Prevention Among Employers at Healthcare Facilities in North-Eastern Malaysia. Cureus 2023; 15:e34046. [PMID: 36824545 PMCID: PMC9940995 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Healthcare workers have been suffering from workplace violence in alarming numbers, showing the importance of its prevention initiative. This study aims to develop and validate a new questionnaire to assess the perception and practice scores of workplace violence prevention among employers at healthcare facilities. Methods Existing literature has been reviewed to establish the domains and refine the items. The first drafted domain was the perception constructed by six components and 59 items. The second drafted domain was practice, consisting of six components and 41 items. Content validation was measured by a panel of experts using the item-level content validity index (I-CVI). Then, face validation analysis was carried out among 10 healthcare employers and presented as the item-level face validity index (I-FVI). Lastly, 222 participants were recruited to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire by using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and internal consistency reliability. Results Following content validation, two items in the practice domain were removed because of the I-CVI below 0.78. The I-CVI values of the remaining items for both domains were above 0.78, indicating good relevancy of 59 items to assess the perception and 39 items to evaluate the practice domains. The I-FVI values for both domains were above 0.80, suggesting that the participants easily understood the questionnaire. Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant for both domains (p<0.001). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure was 0.879 for the perception domain and 0.941 for the practice domain. All items load above 0.6 in their respective factor. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability test ranged from 0.71 to 0.92 and from 0.82 to 0.97 for the perception and practice domains, respectively. The final revised questionnaire consisted of nine components (35 items) for perception and four components (27 items) for practice. Conclusion The newly developed set of questionnaires is a valid and reliable tool to assess the perception and practice of workplace violence prevention among employers at healthcare facilities.
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Välimäki M, Lam J, Bressington D, Cheung T, Wong WK, Cheng PYI, Ng CF, Ng T, Yam CP, Ip G, Paul L, Lantta T. Nurses', patients', and informal caregivers' attitudes toward aggression in psychiatric hospitals: A comparative survey study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274536. [PMID: 36174064 PMCID: PMC9522285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Attitudes toward aggression is a controversial phenomenon in psychiatry. This study examined and compared attitudes toward patient aggression in psychiatric hospitals from the perspectives of nurses, patients and informal caregivers and identified factors associated to these attitudes. A total of 2,424 participants completed a self-reported instrument regarding attitudes toward aggression (12-items Perception of Aggression Scale; POAS-S). We analysed data from nurses (n = 782), patients (n = 886), and informal caregivers (n = 765). Pearson's r correlations were used to examine associations between variables. Differences between group scores were analysed using ANOVA/MANOVA with post-hoc Sheffe tests. Multivariate logistic regression models and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the effects of respondents' characteristics on their attitudes toward aggression. Nurses had significantly more negative and less tolerant perceptions toward aggression (mean [SD] 47.1 [7.5], p<0.001) than the patients (mean [SD] 44.4 [8.2]) and the informal caregivers (mean [SD] 45.0 [6.9), according to the POAS-S total scores. The same trend was found with the dysfunction and function sub-scores (mean [SD] 25.3 [4.1] and 15.0 [3.6], respectively); the differences between the groups were statistically significant (p <0.001) when nurses' scores were compared to those of both the patients (mean [SD] 23.7 [5.3] and 14.0 [4.1], respectively) and the informal caregivers (mean [SD] 24.4 [4.2] and 13.9 [3.5], respectively). The study offers new understanding of aggressive behavior in different treatment settings where attitudes toward patient behavior raises ethical and practical dilemmas. These results indicate a need for more targeted on-the-job training for nursing staff, aggression management rehabilitation programs for patients, and peer-support programs for informal caregivers focused on patient aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritta Välimäki
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Joyce Lam
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Daniel Bressington
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Wai Kit Wong
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Po Yee Ivy Cheng
- Community Psychiatric Services, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Chi Fai Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Tony Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Chun Pong Yam
- Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Glendy Ip
- Central Nursing Division, Kwai Chung Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong (SAR), China
- Hong Kong College of Mental Health Nursing, The Hong Kong Academy of Nursing, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Lee Paul
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong (SAR), China
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Nam S, Hong S, Kim H, Wong JYH, Fong DYT. Reliability and validity of the Korean 12-item Perception of Aggression Scale. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 29:442-450. [PMID: 33780587 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: The importance of and interest in nurses' attitudes towards and subjective experience with workplace violence in clinical settings is increasing. The prevalence of patient-perpetrated violence against Korean nurses in hospital settings is highly prevalent. Only few instruments are available to measure the nurses' perception of patient aggression in Korea. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This is the first study to assess the linguistic and psychometric reliability and validity of an instrument that evaluates the attitude of Korean nursing staff towards patient-perpetrated workplace violence. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: This valid and reliable instrument could be used to assess and monitor the nurses' attitudes towards aggressive tendencies in the workplace. The results could contribute to the development of relevant interventions for coping with violence by patients towards nursing staff and the implementation of practical training to cultivate healthy perceptions towards patients to foster therapeutic nurse-patient relationships. ABSTRACT: Introduction Despite the high prevalence of patient-perpetrated violence against Korean nurses globally, reliable and valid measures of patient aggression are lacking in Korean. Aim We translated the 12-item Perception of Aggression Scale (POAS) into Korean and psychometrically assessed its utility in measuring nurses' attitudes towards aggression. Methods The 12-item Korean POAS was obtained through forward-backward translation and cognitive debriefing. It was administered online to 319 nurses (mean age = 32.64 years; females = 96.2%), of which 206 completed it again after two weeks. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the 3-factor structure as hypothesized in the original version. The intra-class correlation coefficient was used to assess the test-retest reliability. Results The originally hypothesized 3-factor structure showed a good fit. The 3 dimensions: aggression as a dysfunctional or undesirable phenomenon, aggression as a functional or comprehensible phenomenon, and aggression as a protective measure had internal consistencies of 0.74, 0.86 and 0.90 and corresponding ICCs of 0.70, 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. Discussion The 12-item Korean POAS is a valid and reliable scale that might aid investigating nurses' attitudes towards patient aggression. Implications for practice The 12-item Korean POAS can help Korean nurses adopt protective behaviours and develop interventions to cope with aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Nam
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Soyun Hong
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Kim
- College of Nursing and Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Janet Yuen Ha Wong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Tsunematsu K, Fukumoto Y, Yanai K. Ethical Issues Encountered by Forensic Psychiatric Nurses in Japan. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2021; 17:163-172. [PMID: 34091535 PMCID: PMC8389350 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Criminals in Japan with mental disorders face penal servitude in prison or treatment under the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act, depending on their ability to take responsibility for their criminal acts. Forensic psychiatric nurses caring for this group may face various ethical issues. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify ethical issues forensic psychiatric nurses in Japan encountered. METHOD We used the Ethical Issues Scale to conduct a survey among forensic healthcare ward nurses and analyzed the data using descriptive statistics. We also conducted semistructured interviews with individual nurses who provided signed consent and responded to the initial survey on ethical issues they encountered. These data were analyzed using Berelson's content analysis. RESULTS Of 175 nurses, 131 answered our survey. The most frequently encountered ethical issue was "protecting patients' rights and human dignity," and the most disturbing ethical issue was "providing nursing care with possible health risks." Seventy-seven percent of the nurses chose to discuss with peers when resolving the ethical issues. Seventeen nurses who were interviewed described these forensic psychiatric nursing-related ethical distresses and conflicts: difficulty in discharge management, prevention of violence and self-harm, compulsory treatment, patient care, and negative emotions toward patient. CONCLUSION Forensic psychiatric nurses in Japan face difficulties regarding respecting patients' rights. They strive to respect patients' rights by using their expertise as nurses while sharing their difficulties with colleagues. It is important to develop a support system for social reintegration to solve ethical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuko Fukumoto
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing
| | - Keiko Yanai
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing
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Liu Y, Zhang M, Li R, Chen N, Huang Y, Lv Y, Wang Y. Risk assessment of workplace violence towards health workers in a Chinese hospital: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e042800. [PMID: 33371045 PMCID: PMC7754661 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the risk factors associated with workplace violence towards health workers (HWs) in a Chinese hospital. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey in a Chinese secondary hospital in 2019 using an international survey questionnaire, and collected valid data from 1028 HW respondents via mobile phone. Alongside analysing the potential association between exposure to violence and respondents' characteristics, we compared the workplace violence between this survey and a baseline survey in the same hospital using the same questionnaire in 2018, and investigated the existing measures. RESULTS A total of 5.45% of respondents had encountered physical violence while 41.63% had experienced psychological violence. Women (OR=3.45, 95% CI 1.87 to 6.38), those working in outpatient and emergency departments (OR=7.96, 95% CI 2.27 to 27.95), and those with extremely high concern about workplace violence (OR=7.94, 95% CI 1.04 to 60.85) were significantly more likely to suffer physical violence. Working in the outpatient and emergency department (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.34), having direct physical contact/interaction with patients (OR=2.98, 95% CI 1.62 to 5.49), and extremely high worry about workplace violence (OR=6.47 95% CI 3.38 to 12.40) significantly increased the risk of psychological violence. When the results of the baseline survey were compared with those in this survey, it was shown that physical violence declined significantly from 8.79% in 2018 to 5.45% in 2019, while psychological violence declined significantly from 47.14% in 2018 to 41.63% in 2019. The most recognised measures were security measures (81.03%) while the least recognised measures were check-in procedures for staff (11.19%). CONCLUSION Workplace violence towards HWs is a global problem with country-specific features. In our study, workplace violence in the hospital is of great concern. While demonstrating the effectiveness of measures in some degree, there is significant room for improvement. To achieve the vision of 'zero violence' in the health sector, aligned comprehensive measures should be systematically adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yalan Lv
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Lickiewicz J, Jagielski P, Hughes PP, Makara-Studzińska M. The Gender-Related Impact of a Violence Management Training Program on Medical School Students-Preliminary Results. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197130. [PMID: 33003429 PMCID: PMC7579454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Patient aggression directed toward medical personnel, including medical school students during their internships, is an increasingly important issue. To minimize this phenomenon, violence management training programs were carried out. Approach: To assess the efficacy of a violence management training program among medical school students and evaluate changes in the perception of aggressive behavior in relation to the participants’ sense of self-efficacy and self-confidence by sex. A quasi-experimental examination of medical school students was performed before and after completion of a training program. Two hundred seventy-six students, including students of medicine, nursing, emergency medical services, and physiotherapy, participated in the study. Three standardized questionnaires were used: The Perception of Aggression Scale (POAS), the Hope for Success Questionnaire (HSQ), and the General Self -Efficacy Scale (GSES). Findings: The training program had a positive impact on the sense of self-efficacy in both men and women. However, the perception of aggressive behavior changed only in women and the impact of such intervention was higher for women. Further studies should look at the long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Lickiewicz
- Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-430-32-05
| | - Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Patricia Paulsen Hughes
- College of Education, Health, and Aviation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Marta Makara-Studzińska
- Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
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Nielsen MB, Christensen JO, Hetland J, Finne LB. Organizational Prevention and Management Strategies for Workplace Aggression Among Child Protection Workers: A Project Protocol for the Oslo Workplace Aggression Survey (OWAS). Front Psychol 2020; 11:1401. [PMID: 32695050 PMCID: PMC7339981 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has established exposure to workplace aggression as a significant risk factor for employee functioning, well-being, and health. However, less is known about effective prevention and management strategies. The main objectives of the current project were to determine the impact of physical and psychological aggression on the well-being, health, and work ability of employees in the child welfare service and to establish whether a strong psychosocial safety climate and an ethical infrastructure are effective with regard to protecting employees against aggression. This project may help identify the specific risks child welfare workers are exposed to, the impact of workplace aggression on their health and well-being, and the most effective strategies to manage the problem. Furthermore, the findings should be central for developing laws and regulations and to any political decision on measures to tackle aggression in the workplace. Methods The study will employ two prospective data collections. Firstly, a three-wave longitudinal survey with a 6-month time lag between measurement points will be conducted among all 1,500 employees in the child welfare services in Oslo Municipality, Norway. Data will have a multilevel structure and will be linked to registry data on sickness absence. Secondly, a quantitative daily diary study over a 14-day period will include 150 of the respondents from the main survey study. The survey questionnaires mainly comprise well-established and psychometrically validated indicators of workplace aggression, health and well-being, psychosocial safety climate, ethical infrastructure, and other relevant factors. The Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REC) in Norway (REC South East) have approved this project (project no. 28496). Discussion This project will identify the impact of workplace aggression on child protection workers as well as provide information on how organizations can actively manage exposure to workplace aggression. The findings may serve as a starting point for intervention studies as well as the development of policies and guidelines on how to handle workplace aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jørn Hetland
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Wong WK, Chien WT. Testing psychometric properties of a Chinese version of perception of aggression scale. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 25:213-217. [PMID: 28262153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the 12-item Perception of Aggression Scale (POAS). METHOD It consists of three phases of testing, including (1) translation and back-translation and content validity; (2) semantic equivalence between translated Chinese and original English version; and (3) construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. RESULTS The translated Chinese and back-translated English version showed excellent similarities and agreements between two independent translators. The Chinese version indicated high item- and scale-level content validity indexes (0.86-1.00) and satisfactory semantic equivalence with the original English language version (weighted kappa=0.48-0.90; intraclass correlation coefficient=0.91). Exploratory factor analysis in 249 nursing students resulted in three components (dysfunctional, functional and protective dimensions), explaining 64% of the total variance, with satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.76-0.83) and good 2-week test-retest reliability (Pearson's r=0.87). The Chinese version of POAS was found to be a valid and reliable tool to examine nurses' attitudes towards patient aggression. DISCUSSION Chinese nurses in this study viewed patient aggression to be an undesirable negative behaviour suggestive of uncontrollability behaviour presented by the patient under their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kit Wong
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, A102, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, A102, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Bilgin H, Keser Ozcan N, Tulek Z, Kaya F, Boyacioglu NE, Erol O, Arguvanli Coban S, Pazvantoglu O, Gumus K. Student nurses' perceptions of aggression: An exploratory study of defensive styles, aggression experiences, and demographic factors. Nurs Health Sci 2016; 18:216-22. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Bilgin
- Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty; Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Istanbul University, Istanbul; Istanbul
| | | | - Zeliha Tulek
- Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine Nursing; Istanbul University; Istanbul
| | - Fadime Kaya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing; Kafkas University; Kars
| | | | - Ozgul Erol
- Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Nursing; Trakya University; Edirne
| | | | | | - Kubra Gumus
- Health School, Department of Nursing; Sinop University; Sinop Turkey
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12
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Verhaeghe S, Duprez V, Beeckman D, Leys J, Van Meijel B, Van Hecke A. Mental Health Nurses' Attitudes and Perceived Self-Efficacy Toward Inpatient Aggression: A Cross-Sectional Study of Associations With Nurse-Related Characteristics. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2016; 52:12-24. [PMID: 25495430 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore mental health nurses' attitude and self-efficacy to adult inpatient aggression, and to explore the association with nurse-related characteristics. DESIGN AND METHOD Cross-sectional study in a sample of 219 mental health nurses in nine psychiatric hospitals, with stepwise linear regression analysis to detect predictive models. FINDINGS Female and less experienced nurses were less likely to blame patients for their behavior. Gender, burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction accounted for 26.2% of the variability in mental health nurses' self-efficacy toward aggression. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS There needs to be attention to professional quality of life for mental health nurses, to provide them with of self-efficacy and a positive attitude toward coping with aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Verhaeghe
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Nursing, Vives University College Leuven, Roeselare, Belgium
| | - Veerle Duprez
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Bachelor in Nursing, Artevelde University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Beeckman
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Bachelor in Nursing, Artevelde University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Leys
- Department of Bachelor in Nursing, Artevelde University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Berno Van Meijel
- Research Group Mental Health Nursing, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Van Hecke
- University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Nursing Science, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Peluola A, Mela M, Adelugba OO. A review of violent incidents in a multilevel secure forensic psychiatric hospital: is there a seasonal variation? MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2013; 53:72-79. [PMID: 23362235 DOI: 10.1258/msl.2012.012016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There have been several attempts made to reduce the occurrence of violence in hospital settings, with most professional organizations taking a stance. The impact of violent incidence on the therapeutic environment and the cost in human terms led to the declaration by the World Health Organization that violence is a public health problem. There are strategies for reducing violence that flow out of known trends. We sought to examine the trends in institutional violence in a contextual sense. We reviewed the records of all incidents of violence, categorized by severity, victims and trends over five years in a multilevel secure forensic hospital in Canada. The rate of violence perpetrated by female patients was significantly higher than for male patients. Higher occurrence of violence was recorded in the winter months compared with any other season and was related to unstructured activities. There is a window of opportunity to develop some engaging programmes during the long winter months and improve supervision at all times of unstructured activity. The reasons for increased women perpetration and the winter peak of violence require further investigation.
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14
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De Benedictis L, Dumais A, Stafford MC, Côté G, Lesage A. Factor analysis of the French version of the shorter 12-item Perception of Aggression Scale (POAS) and of a new modified version of the Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2012; 19:875-80. [PMID: 22295950 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric staff perceptions of aggression by psychiatric patients may affect the therapeutic relationship between care providers and patients in institutions. Attitudes to and the subjective experience of violence may also differ substantially between members of a single care team. This study seeks to validate the French versions of scales of staff attitudes to and subjective experience of institutional violence: a new, modified version of the Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) to measure the subjective perception of the frequency of aggression in the ward; and the Perception of Aggression Scale (POAS) to assess attitudes to the expression of violence by psychiatric patients. Frontline staff (n = 362) from eight French-language psychiatric institutions in the province of Quebec were surveyed. Factor analyses were performed to determine the validity of the French-language MOAS and POAS. As expected, a four-factor structure emerged for the MOAS. For the 12-item POAS, a three-factor structure was found: (1) 'Aggression as a dysfunctional/undesirable phenomenon'; (2) 'Aggression as a positive expression'; and (3) 'Aggression as a protective measure'. This study supports use of the French MOAS and POAS in assessing staff attitudes to and subjective experience of aggression in future projects to explore the perception and management of inpatient violence.
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15
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Noda T, Nijman H, Sugiyama N, Tsujiwaki K, Putkonen H, Sailas E, Kontio R, Ito H, Joffe G. Factors affecting assessment of severity of aggressive incidents: using the Staff Observation Aggression Scale - Revised (SOAS-R) in Japan. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2012; 19:770-5. [PMID: 22070849 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate factors associated with overall judgements of aggression severity as provided by ward nurses, using the Japanese-language version of the Staff Observation Aggression Scale - Revised (SOAS-R). Nurses who observed 326 aggressive incidents involving psychiatric inpatients at five mental health facilities in Japan provided their assessments of the incident severity both on the established rating scale, the SOAS-R, and on a visual analogue scale (VAS), a one-item scale to indicate overall aggression severity. To evaluate the factors influencing the VAS severity scores, a multiple regression analysis was performed, in which consumer, nurse and ward characteristics were added consecutively, along with SOAS-R severity scores as independent variables. SOAS-R scores explained 17.6% of the VAS severity scores. Independently from the SOAS-R scores, the gender and age of the aggressive consumers (adjusted R(2) = 10.0%), as well as the gender of the nurses who reported the aggression (adjusted R(2) = 4.1%), each explained VAS severity score to a significant degree. Apart from the SOAS-R scores, consumer and nurse characteristics appeared to influence the overall judgements of severity of aggressive incidents, which may be connected to decisions about the use of coercive measures, such as seclusion/restraint or forced medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Noda
- Department of Social Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Pazvantoğlu O, Gümüş K, Böke Ö, Yıldız İ, Şahin AR. Perception of patient aggression among nurses working in a university hospital in Turkey. Int J Nurs Pract 2011; 17:495-501. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-172x.2011.01967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Hamrin V, Iennaco J, Olsen D. A review of ecological factors affecting inpatient psychiatric unit violence: implications for relational and unit cultural improvements. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2009; 30:214-26. [PMID: 19363726 DOI: 10.1080/01612840802701083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the research on ecologic factors that may contribute to or lessen the likelihood of inpatient unit violence. Understanding these factors can provide psychiatric inpatient unit staff with valuable therapeutic relational and cultural strategies to decrease violence. International and US studies from OVID Medline, CINAHL, and PsycInfo that evaluated aggression and violence on psychiatric inpatient units between 1983 and 2008 were included in this review. The review revealed that violence results from the complex interactions among the patient, staff, and culture of the specific unit. Inpatient psychiatric staff can decrease the potential for violence by using therapeutic relationship strategies such as using good communication skills, advocating for clients, being available, having strong clinical assessment skills, providing patient education, and collaborating with patients in treatment planning. Cultural improvements include providing meaningful patient activities and appropriate levels of stimulation and unit staffing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya Hamrin
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA.
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