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Bai H, Varsanik MA, Thaxton C, Ohashi Y, Gonzalez L, Zhang W, Aoyagi Y, Kano M, Yatsula B, Li Z, Pocivavsek L, Dardik A. Disturbed flow in the juxta-anastomotic area of an arteriovenous fistula correlates with endothelial loss, acute thrombus formation, and neointimal hyperplasia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1446-H1461. [PMID: 38578237 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00054.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Clinical failure of arteriovenous neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) fistulae (AVF) is frequently due to juxta-anastomotic NIH (JANIH). Although the mouse AVF model recapitulates human AVF maturation, previous studies focused on the outflow vein distal to the anastomosis. We hypothesized that the juxta-anastomotic area (JAA) has increased NIH compared with the outflow vein. AVF was created in C57BL/6 mice without or with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Temporal and spatial changes of the JAA were examined using histology and immunofluorescence. Computational techniques were used to model the AVF. RNA-seq and bioinformatic analyses were performed to compare the JAA with the outflow vein. The jugular vein to carotid artery AVF model was created in Wistar rats. The neointima in the JAA shows increased volume compared with the outflow vein. Computational modeling shows an increased volume of disturbed flow at the JAA compared with the outflow vein. Endothelial cells are immediately lost from the wall contralateral to the fistula exit, followed by thrombus formation and JANIH. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the 1,862 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the JANIH and the outflow vein identified 525 overexpressed genes. The rat jugular vein to carotid artery AVF showed changes similar to the mouse AVF. Disturbed flow through the JAA correlates with rapid endothelial cell loss, thrombus formation, and JANIH; late endothelialization of the JAA channel correlates with late AVF patency. Early thrombus formation in the JAA may influence the later development of JANIH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Disturbed flow and focal endothelial cell loss in the juxta-anastomotic area of the mouse AVF colocalizes with acute thrombus formation followed by late neointimal hyperplasia. Differential flow patterns between the juxta-anastomotic area and the outflow vein correlate with differential expression of genes regulating coagulation, proliferation, collagen metabolism, and the immune response. The rat jugular vein to carotid artery AVF model shows changes similar to the mouse AVF model.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Neointima
- Hyperplasia
- Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical
- Thrombosis/physiopathology
- Thrombosis/pathology
- Thrombosis/genetics
- Thrombosis/etiology
- Thrombosis/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Rats, Wistar
- Male
- Jugular Veins/metabolism
- Jugular Veins/pathology
- Jugular Veins/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Arteries/physiopathology
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/surgery
- Mice
- Rats
- Regional Blood Flow
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Bai
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - M Alyssa Varsanik
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Carly Thaxton
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Yuichi Ohashi
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Luis Gonzalez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Weichang Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Yukihiko Aoyagi
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Masaki Kano
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Bogdan Yatsula
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Zhuo Li
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Luka Pocivavsek
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Alan Dardik
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University; New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut, United States
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Sugai K, Hirano M, Oda A, Fujisawa M, Shono S, Ishioka K, Tamura T, Katsumata Y, Sano M, Kobayashi E, Hakamata Y. Establishment and application of a new 4/6 infarct nephrectomy rat model for moderate chronic kidney disease. Acta Cir Bras 2024; 39:e391324. [PMID: 38477787 DOI: 10.1590/acb391324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new 4/6 infarct nephrectomy (INx) model rat mimicking moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to evaluate its application. METHODS We modified the conventional 5/6 INx rat model to create the 4/6 INx model by ligating the renal artery branch to induce infarction of one-third of the left kidney after right kidney removal and compared biochemically and histologically both models. To demonstrate the application of the 4/6 INx model, the effects of a supplementary compound containing calcium carbonate, chitosan, palm shell activated charcoal etc., that is effective for both CKD and its complications, were compared between both models. RESULTS Impairment of renal function in the 4/6 INx group was significantly more moderate than in the 5/6 INx group (P < 0.05). The 4/6 INx group showed less histological damage in kidney than in the 5/6 INx group. The supplementary compound did not improve CKD in the 5/6 INx group, but ameliorated elevation of blood urea nitrogen in the 4/6 INx group. CONCLUSIONS We developed the 4/6 INx model, which is more moderate than the conventional 5/6 INx model. This model could potentially demonstrate the effectiveness of drugs and supplements intended to prevent CKD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Sugai
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University - School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology - Department of Basic Science - Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoko Hirano
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University - School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology - Department of Basic Science - Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asahi Oda
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University - School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology - Department of Basic Science - Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Fujisawa
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University - School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology - Department of Basic Science - Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Shono
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University - School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology - Department of Applied Science - Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Ishioka
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University - School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology - Department of Veterinary Nursing - Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Tamura
- Keio University - School of Medicine - Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine - Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katsumata
- Keio University - School of Medicine - Department of Cardiology - Tokyo, Japan
- Keio University - School of Medicine - Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine - Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Keio University - School of Medicine - Department of Cardiology - Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University - School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology - Department of Basic Science - Tokyo, Japan
- Keio University - School of Medicine - Department of Cardiology - Tokyo, Japan
- Jikei University - School of Medicine - Department of Kidney Regenerative Medicine - Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Hakamata
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University - School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology - Department of Basic Science - Tokyo, Japan
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University - Research Center for Animal Life Science - Tokyo, Japan
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Xu C, Tsihlis G, Chau K, Trinh K, Rogers NM, Julovi SM. Novel Perspectives in Chronic Kidney Disease-Specific Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2658. [PMID: 38473905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects > 10% of the global adult population and significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which remains the leading cause of death in this population. The development and progression of CVD-compared to the general population-is premature and accelerated, manifesting as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. CKD and CV disease combine to cause multimorbid cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) due to contributions from shared risk factors, including systolic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Additional neurohormonal activation, innate immunity, and inflammation contribute to progressive cardiac and renal deterioration, reflecting the strong bidirectional interaction between these organ systems. A shared molecular pathophysiology-including inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence, and hemodynamic fluctuations characterise all types of CRS. This review highlights the evolving paradigm and recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of CRS, outlining the potential for disease-specific therapies and biomarker disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Xu
- Kidney Injury Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - George Tsihlis
- Renal and Transplantation Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Katrina Chau
- Department of Renal Services, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW 2148, Australia
- Blacktown Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2148, Australia
| | - Katie Trinh
- Kidney Injury Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Department of Renal Services, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW 2148, Australia
| | - Natasha M Rogers
- Kidney Injury Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Renal and Transplantation Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Science Rd., Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sohel M Julovi
- Kidney Injury Group, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Science Rd., Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Liu B, Hu Y, Tian D, Dong J, Li BF. Assessing the effects of tempol on renal fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in a high-salt diet combined with 5/6 nephrectomy rat model: utilizing oxidized albumin as a biomarker. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:64. [PMID: 38395806 PMCID: PMC10893674 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), prompting the exploration of antioxidants as a potential therapeutic avenue for mitigating disease progression. This study aims to investigate the beneficial impact of Tempol on the progression of CKD in a rat model utilizing oxidized albumin as a biomarker. METHODS After four weeks of treatment, metabolic parameters, including body weight, left ventricle residual weight, kidney weight, urine volume, and water and food intake, were measured. Systolic blood pressure, urinary protein, oxidized albumin level, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 8-OHdG, TGF-β1, and micro-albumin were also assessed. Renal fibrosis was evaluated through histological and biochemical assays. P65-NF-κB was quantified using an immunofluorescence test, while Smad3, P65-NF-κB, and Collagen I were measured using western blot. TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, TGF-β1, Smad3, and P65-NF-κB were analyzed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Rats in the high-salt diet group exhibited impaired renal function, characterized by elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, 8-OHdG, urine albumin, and tubulointerstitial damage, along with reduced body weight. However, these effects were significantly ameliorated by Tempol administration. In the high-salt diet group, blood pressure, urinary protein, and oxidized albumin levels were notably higher compared to the normal diet group, but Tempol administration in the treatment group reversed these effects. Rats in the high-salt diet group also displayed increased levels of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, MCP1) and profibrotic factors (NF-κB activation, Collagen I), elevated expression of NADPH oxidation-related subunits (P65), and activation of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Tempol treatment inhibited NF-κB-mediated inflammation and TGF-β1/Smad3-induced renal fibrosis signaling pathway activation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Tempol may hold therapeutic potential for preventing and treating rats undergoing 5/6 nephrectomy. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying Tempol's protective effects and its potential clinical applications. Besides, there is a discernible positive relationship between oxidized albumin and other biomarkers, such as 8-OHG, urinary protein levels, mALB, Scr, BUN, and TGF-β1 in a High-salt diet combined with 5/6 nephrectomy rat model. These findings suggest the potential utility of oxidized albumin as a sensitive indicator for oxidative stress assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- College of Life and Health, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, No.188 Xinle Road, Luhe District, 210048, Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- College of Life and Health, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, No.188 Xinle Road, Luhe District, 210048, Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danyang Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianlong Dong
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing-Feng Li
- College of Life and Health, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, No.188 Xinle Road, Luhe District, 210048, Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Li J, Nie J, Zhou Z, Guo M, Yang Q, Yuan D, Huang J, Li R, Li Q. Changes of FGF23 and hearing in chronic renal failure and their correlation analysis. Cytokine 2024; 174:156478. [PMID: 38134554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the association between fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and hearing in chronic renal failure (CRF). METHODS Pure tone audiometry was used to detect the hearing of patients with CRF; the level of serum FGF23, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and mean binaural hearing threshold were compared to the control group (people without kidney disease). The rat model of renal failure was established by 5/6 nephrectomy, and the auditory brainstem response (ABR) of rats after modeling was detected by the Tucker Davis Technologies (TDT) system; the expression level of FGF23 in the peripheral blood, renal and cochlear tissue was also detected. RESULTS The incidence of hearing loss (HL) and serum FGF23 were higher in CRF patients than the control group; the sFGF23 was positively correlated with the mean binaural hearing threshold. Animal studies showed that the ABR threshold, creatinine, FGF23, BUN, and PTH increased after modeling; although, an increase in FGF23 was observed earlier than other indicators. The HL of rats with renal failure was significantly correlated with BUN, phosphate, PTH, sFGF23, kFGF23/β-actin, eFGF23/β-actin, weight, and modeling cycle. CONCLUSIONS Both CRF patients and rat models showed high-frequency HL. FGF23 was highly expressed in the serum of HL renal failure patients and rats, as well as in the renal tissue and cochlea of renal failure rats. Therefore, FGF23 may be involved in the occurrence and development of HL caused by CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingwen Nie
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Dunlu Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Medical Record, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Ruomei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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6
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Homma K, Enoki Y, Uchida S, Taguchi K, Matsumoto K. A combination of 5/6-nephrectomy and unilateral ureteral obstruction model accelerates progression of remote organ fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. FASEB Bioadv 2023; 5:377-394. [PMID: 37810171 PMCID: PMC10551277 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves progressive renal fibrosis, which gradually reduces kidney function and often causes various complications in extrarenal tissues. Therefore, we investigated fibrogenesis in extrarenal tissues (heart, liver, and lungs) in different experimental CKD models, such as the 5/6-nephrectomy (5/6 Nx), unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and a combination (2/3 Nx + UUO). We evaluated the degree of fibrogenesis in kidneys and extrarenal tissues by histological analysis and quantification of fibrosis-related gene and protein expression. To elucidate the fibrosis mechanisms observed in 2/3 Nx + UUO mice, we evaluated the effect of indoxyl sulfate (IS), a typical uremic toxin accumulated in CKD, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a fibrosis-related factor, on fibrosis using human hepatoma (HepG2) and RAW264.7 cells. A significant decline in renal function was observed in the 5/6 Nx and 2/3 Nx + UUO models, whereas a significant increase in renal fibrosis was observed only in the obstructed kidneys. Notable amount of fibrosis was induced in the liver and heart in the 2/3 Nx + UUO model, with the induction of macrophage infiltration and increased tissue IS and TGF-β levels. In agreement with the results of in vivo experiments, co-stimulation with IS, TGF-β, and macrophage-conditioned medium increased the expression of fibrogenic genes in HepG2 cells. We demonstrated that the 2/3 Nx + UUO model induced both loss of renal function and renal fibrosis in the earlier stages, providing a novel CKD model that induces remote organ fibrosis in a shorter time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoka Homma
- Division of PharmacodynamicsKeio University Faculty of PharmacyTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Enoki
- Division of PharmacodynamicsKeio University Faculty of PharmacyTokyoJapan
| | - Sato Uchida
- Division of PharmacodynamicsKeio University Faculty of PharmacyTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Division of PharmacodynamicsKeio University Faculty of PharmacyTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumoto
- Division of PharmacodynamicsKeio University Faculty of PharmacyTokyoJapan
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Reghuvaran AC, Lin Q, Basgen JM, Banu K, Shi H, Vashist A, Pell J, Perinchery S, He JC, Moledina D, Wilson FP, Menon MC. Comparative evaluation of glomerular morphometric techniques reveals differential technical artifacts between focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and normal glomeruli. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15688. [PMID: 37423891 PMCID: PMC10329935 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphometric estimates of mean or individual glomerular volume (MGV, IGV) have biological implications, over and above qualitative histologic data. However, morphometry is time-consuming and requires expertise limiting its utility in clinical cases. We evaluated MGV and IGV using plastic- and paraffin-embedded tissue from 10 control and 10 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) mice (aging and 5/6th nephrectomy models) using the gold standard Cavalieri (Cav) method versus the 2-profile and Weibel-Gomez (WG) methods and a novel 3-profile method. We compared accuracy, bias and precision, and quantified results obtained when sampling differing numbers of glomeruli. In both FSGS and controls, we identified an acceptable precision for MGV of 10-glomerular sampling versus 20-glomerular sampling using the Cav method, while 5-glomerular sampling was less precise. In plastic tissue, 2- or 3-profile MGVs showed greater concordance with MGV when using Cav, versus MGV with WG. IGV comparisons using the same glomeruli reported a consistent underestimation bias with both 2- or 3-profile methods versus the Cav method. FSGS glomeruli showed wider variations in bias estimation than controls. Our 3-profile method offered incremental benefit to the 2-profile method in both IGV and MGV estimation (improved correlation coefficient, Lin's concordance and reduced bias). In our control animals, we quantified a shrinkage artifact of 52% from tissue processed for paraffin-embedded versus plastic-embedded tissue. FSGS glomeruli showed overall reduced shrinkage albeit with variable artifact signifying periglomerular/glomerular fibrosis. A novel 3-profile method offers slightly improved concordance with reduced bias versus 2-profile. Our findings have implications for future studies using glomerular morphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand C. Reghuvaran
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Qisheng Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - John M. Basgen
- Morphometry and Stereology LaboratoryCharles R. Drew University of Medicine and ScienceLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Khadija Banu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Hongmei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Anushree Vashist
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - John Pell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Sudhir Perinchery
- Department of PathologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - John C. He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Dennis Moledina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Clinical Translational Research Accelerator, Department of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - F. Perry Wilson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Clinical Translational Research Accelerator, Department of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Madhav C. Menon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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8
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Ceccotti E, Saccu G, Herrera Sanchez MB, Bruno S. Naïve or Engineered Extracellular Vesicles from Different Cell Sources: Therapeutic Tools for Kidney Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1715. [PMID: 37376163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal pathophysiology is a multifactorial process involving different kidney structures. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical condition characterized by tubular necrosis and glomerular hyperfiltration. The maladaptive repair after AKI predisposes to the onset of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). CKD is a progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function, characterized by fibrosis that could lead to end stage renal disease. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent scientific publications analyzing the therapeutic potential of Extracellular Vesicles (EV)-based treatments in different animal models of AKI and CKD. EVs from multiple sources act as paracrine effectors involved in cell-cell communication with pro-generative and low immunogenic properties. They represent innovative and promising natural drug delivery vehicles used to treat experimental acute and chronic kidney diseases. Differently from synthetic systems, EVs can cross biological barriers and deliver biomolecules to the recipient cells inducing a physiological response. Moreover, new methods for improving the EVs as carriers have been introduced, such as the engineering of the cargo, the modification of the proteins on the external membrane, or the pre-conditioning of the cell of origin. The new nano-medicine approaches based on bioengineered EVs are an attempt to enhance their drug delivery capacity for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ceccotti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Saccu
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Beatriz Herrera Sanchez
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- 2i3T, Società per la Gestione dell'incubatore di Imprese e per il Trasferimento Tecnologico, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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9
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Thi Nguyen N, Thi Nguyen T, Nguyen HT, Lee JM, Kim MJ, Qi XF, Cha SK, Lee IK, Park KS. Inhibition of mitochondrial phosphate carrier prevents high phosphate-induced superoxide generation and vascular calcification. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:532-540. [PMID: 36854772 PMCID: PMC10073177 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a serious complication of hyperphosphatemia that causes cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have reported that plasmalemmal phosphate (Pi) transporters, such as PiT-1/2, mediate depolarization, Ca2+ influx, oxidative stress, and calcific changes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the pathogenic mechanism of mitochondrial Pi uptake in vascular calcification associated with hyperphosphatemia has not been elucidated. We demonstrated that the phosphate carrier (PiC) is the dominant mitochondrial Pi transporter responsible for high Pi-induced superoxide generation, osteogenic gene upregulation, and calcific changes in primary VSMCs isolated from rat aortas. Notably, acute incubation with high Pi markedly increased the protein abundance of PiC via ERK1/2- and mTOR-dependent translational upregulation. Genetic suppression of PiC prevented Pi-induced ERK1/2 activation, superoxide production, osteogenic differentiation, and vascular calcification of VSMCs in vitro and aortic rings ex vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial Pi transport using butyl malonate (BMA) or mersalyl abolished all pathologic changes involved in high Pi-induced vascular calcification. BMA or mersalyl also effectively prevented osteogenic gene upregulation and calcification of aortas from 5/6 subtotal nephrectomized mice fed a high-Pi diet. Our results suggest that mitochondrial Pi uptake via PiC is a critical molecular mechanism mediating mitochondrial superoxide generation and pathogenic calcific changes, which could be a novel therapeutic target for treating vascular calcification associated with hyperphosphatemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Thi Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Medical Doctor Program, College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuyet Thi Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea. .,Internal Medicine Residency Program, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Ha Thu Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Xu-Feng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Seung-Kuy Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea. .,Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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10
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Ceja-Galicia ZA, García-Arroyo FE, Aparicio-Trejo OE, El-Hafidi M, Gonzaga-Sánchez G, León-Contreras JC, Hernández-Pando R, Guevara-Cruz M, Tovar AR, Rojas-Morales P, Aranda-Rivera AK, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin on 5/6Nx Hypertriglyceridemia: Association with the Improvement of Renal Mitochondrial β-Oxidation and Lipid Metabolism in Kidney and Liver. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2195. [PMID: 36358567 PMCID: PMC9686550 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence is constantly increasing, and dyslipidemia in this disease is characteristic, favoring cardiovascular events. However, the mechanisms of CKD dyslipidemia are not fully understood. The use of curcumin (CUR) in CKD models such as 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) has shown multiple beneficial effects, so it has been proposed to correct dyslipidemia without side effects. This work aimed to characterize CUR's potential therapeutic effect on dyslipidemia and alterations in lipid metabolism and mitochondrial ß-oxidation in the liver and kidney in 5/6Nx. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 5/6Nx and progressed by 4 weeks; meanwhile, CUR (120 mg/kg) was administered for weeks 5 to 8. Our results showed that CUR reversed the increase in liver and kidney damage and hypertriglyceridemia induced by 5/6Nx. CUR also reversed mitochondrial membrane depolarization and β-oxidation disorders in the kidney and the increased lipid uptake and the high levels of proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis in the liver and kidney. CUR also decreased lipogenesis and increased mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the liver. Therefore, we concluded that the therapeutic effect of curcumin on 5/6Nx hypertriglyceridemia is associated with the restoration of renal mitochondrial ß-oxidation and the reduction in lipid synthesis and uptake in the kidneys and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeltzin Alejandra Ceja-Galicia
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Gonzaga-Sánchez
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Department of Experimental Pathology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Department of Experimental Pathology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Edilia Tapia
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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11
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Jasmer KJ, Muñoz Forti K, Woods LT, Cha S, Weisman GA. Therapeutic potential for P2Y 2 receptor antagonism. Purinergic Signal 2022:10.1007/s11302-022-09900-3. [PMID: 36219327 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are the target of more than 30% of all FDA-approved drug therapies. Though the purinergic P2 receptors have been an attractive target for therapeutic intervention with successes such as the P2Y12 receptor antagonist, clopidogrel, P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) antagonism remains relatively unexplored as a therapeutic strategy. Due to a lack of selective antagonists to modify P2Y2R activity, studies using primarily genetic manipulation have revealed roles for P2Y2R in a multitude of diseases. These include inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, fibrotic diseases, renal diseases, cancer, and pathogenic infections. With the advent of AR-C118925, a selective and potent P2Y2R antagonist that became commercially available only a few years ago, new opportunities exist to gain a more robust understanding of P2Y2R function and assess therapeutic effects of P2Y2R antagonism. This review discusses the characteristics of P2Y2R that make it unique among P2 receptors, namely its involvement in five distinct signaling pathways including canonical Gαq protein signaling. We also discuss the effects of other P2Y2R antagonists and the pivotal development of AR-C118925. The remainder of this review concerns the mounting evidence implicating P2Y2Rs in disease pathogenesis, focusing on those studies that have evaluated AR-C118925 in pre-clinical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Jasmer
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lucas T Woods
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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12
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Wanna-udom S, Luesiripong C, Sakunrangsit N, Metheepakornchai P, Intharamonthian S, Svasti S, Greenblatt MB, Leelahavanichkul A, Lotinun S. High phosphate intake induces bone loss in nephrectomized thalassemic mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268732. [PMID: 35622784 PMCID: PMC9140286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although patients with either β-thalassemia or chronic kidney disease (CKD) clinically correlate with severe osteoporosis, the mechanism by which CKD exposed to high phosphate affects bone turnover has not been characterized in β-thalassemia. We aimed to determine the effects of renal insufficiency on high phosphate intake induced changes in bone metabolism after 5/6th nephrectomy in hemizygous β-globin knockout (BKO) mice. Male BKO mice manifested severe anemia and osteopenia. Nephrectomy induced renal fibrosis and reduced renal function as assessed by increased serum urea nitrogen levels. Moreover, nephrectomy increased bone turnover leading to bone loss in wild type (WT) but not BKO mice. In nephrectomized BKO, PBS in drinking water induced hyperphosphatemia, and hypercalcemia along with osteopenia in both cancellous and cortical bone. Histomorphometric analysis confirmed reduced cancellous bone volume due to decreased bone formation rate, osteoblast number and osteoclast number. The mRNA levels for Alpl, Sp7, Kl, Tnfsf11, and Tnfsf11/Tnfrsf11b were decreased in nephrectomized BKO mice drinking PBS. Interestingly, Fgf23, a bone-derived hormone produced by osteocytes and osteoblasts in response to hyperphosphatemia, were remarkably increased in nephrectomized BKO mice following PBS intake. Serum FGF23 and erythropoietin levels were markedly elevated in BKO mice. Nephrectomy decreased serum erythropoietin but not FGF23 levels. Hyperphosphatemia in BKO mice increased serum erythropoietin, FGF23, and PTH levels, nominating these factors as candidate mediators of bone loss in thalassemic mice with CKD during phosphate retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasithorn Wanna-udom
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Luesiripong
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nithidol Sakunrangsit
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyanuch Metheepakornchai
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sitthichai Intharamonthian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Faculty of Science, Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Matthew B. Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutada Lotinun
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Machado SE, Spangler D, Black LM, Traylor AM, Balla J, Zarjou A. A Reproducible Mouse Model of Moderate CKD With Early Manifestations of Osteoblastic Transition of Cardiovascular System. Front Physiol 2022; 13:897179. [PMID: 35574469 PMCID: PMC9099146 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.897179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health challenge with a substantial associated risk of mortality, morbidity, and health care expenditure. Culprits that lead to development and progression of CKD are multifaceted and heterogenous in nature. This notion underscores the need for diversification of animal models to investigate its pathophysiology, related complications, and to subsequently enable discovery of novel therapeutics. Importantly, animal models that could recapitulate complications of CKD in both genders are desperately needed. Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in CKD patients that may be due in part to high prevalence of vascular calcification (VC). Using DBA/2 mice that are susceptible to development of VC, we sought to investigate the feasibility and reproducibility of a unilateral ischemia-reperfusion model followed by contralateral nephrectomy (UIRI/Nx) to induce CKD and its related complications in female and male mice. Our results demonstrate that irrespective of gender, mice faithfully displayed complications of moderate CKD following UIRI/Nx as evidenced by significant rise in serum creatinine, albuminuria, higher degree of collagen deposition, elevated expression of classic fibrotic markers, higher circulating levels of FGF-23, PTH and hepcidin. Moreover, we corroborate the osteoblastic transition of aortic smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes based on higher levels of osteoblastic markers namely, Cbfa-1, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and osterix. Our data confirms a viable, and consistent model of moderate CKD and its associated complications in both male and female mice. Furthermore, early evidence of osteoblastic transition of cardiovascular system in this model confirms its suitability for studying and implementing potential preventive and/or therapeutic approaches that are urgently needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Machado
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Hungary
| | - Daryll Spangler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Hungary
| | - Laurence M. Black
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Hungary
| | - Amie M. Traylor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- ELKH-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Hungary,*Correspondence: Abolfazl Zarjou,
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14
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He J, Wang M, Yang L, Xin H, Bian F, Jiang G, Zhang X. Astragaloside IV Alleviates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction via the AKT-GSK3β-β-Catenin Pathway in Peritoneal Dialysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:873150. [PMID: 35571132 PMCID: PMC9091173 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) causes intestinal dysfunction, including constipation, diarrhea, or enteric peritonitis. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of these complications are still unclear and there are no specific drugs available in the clinic. This study aims to determine whether Astragaloside IV (AS IV) has therapeutic value on PD-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Methods: We established two different long-term PD treatment mice models by intraperitoneally injecting 4.25% dextrose-containing peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) in uremia mice and normal mice, which were served as controls. In addition, PDF was applied to T84 cells in vitro. The therapeutic effects of AS IV on PD-induced intestinal dysfunction were then examined by histopathological staining, transmission electron microscopy, western blotting, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of protein kinase B (AKT), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin were examined after administration of AS IV. Results: In the present study, AS IV maintained the intestinal crypt, microvilli and desmosome structures in an orderly arrangement and improved intestinal epithelial permeability with the up-regulation of tight junction proteins in vivo. Furthermore, AS IV protected T84 cells from PD-induced damage by improving cell viability, promoting wound healing, and increasing the expression of tight junction proteins. Additionally, AS IV treatment significantly increased the levels of phosphorylation of AKT, inhibited the activity GSK-3β, and ultimately resulted in the nuclear translocation and accumulation of β-catenin. Conclusion: These findings provide novel insight into the AS IV-mediated protection of the intestinal epithelial barrier from damage via the AKT-GSK3β-β-catenin signal axis during peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Licai Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Bian
- Department of Nephrology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengru Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Zhang, ; Gengru Jiang,
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Zhang, ; Gengru Jiang,
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15
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Yan L. Folic acid-induced animal model of kidney disease. Animal Model Exp Med 2021; 4:329-342. [PMID: 34977484 PMCID: PMC8690981 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys are a vital organ that is vulnerable to both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) which can be caused by numerous risk factors such as ischemia, sepsis, drug toxicity and drug overdose, exposure to heavy metals, and diabetes. In spite of the advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of AKI and CKD as well AKI transition to CKD, there is still no available therapeutics that can be used to combat kidney disease effectively, highlighting an urgent need to further study the pathological mechanisms underlying AKI, CKD, and AKI progression to CKD. In this regard, animal models of kidney disease are indispensable. This article reviews a widely used animal model of kidney disease, which is induced by folic acid (FA). While a low dose of FA is nutritionally beneficial, a high dose of FA is very toxic to the kidneys. Following a brief description of the procedure for disease induction by FA, major mechanisms of FA-induced kidney injury are then reviewed, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial abnormalities such as impaired bioenergetics and mitophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Finally, application of this FA-induced kidney disease model as a platform for testing the efficacy of a variety of therapeutic approaches is also discussed. Given that this animal model is simple to create and is reproducible, it should remain useful for both studying the pathological mechanisms of kidney disease and identifying therapeutic targets to fight kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang‐Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
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16
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Tsao CW, Hsu YJ, Tseng XT, Chang TC, Tsao CH, Liu CY. Does Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation Improve Testicular Function and Spermatogenesis in Male Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080786. [PMID: 34440017 PMCID: PMC8389647 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is found to be linked to elevated apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, lower testosterone, poorer sperm quality and lower reproductive function have also been observed. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a widely used antioxidant involved in mitochondrial energy production, is indispensable for maintaining the efficient energy system of spermatozoa and protecting their membranes from lipid peroxidation, yet there are few studies focusing on the effects of CoQ10 on CKD-induced male infertility. This study suggests that CoQ10 increases testosterone levels and improves spermatogenesis in CKD mice. Abstract The aim of the study was to examine the potential effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on reproductive function in a chronic kidney disease (CKD) mouse model. Nine-week-old mice were randomly assigned to two groups: sham surgery (n = 18) and CKD surgery (n = 18). After surgery, the study groups received CoQ10 (10 mg/kg body weight dissolved in corn oil by oral gavage) or corn oil as a vehicle daily for 8 weeks. The groups that underwent 5/6 nephrectomy developed significant elevations of serum BUN and creatinine levels. The CoQ10 treatment significantly increased the serum and testicular CoQ10 levels and alleviated the poor semen quality from incomplete spermatogenesis. The testosterone concentration, in addition to the protein expression of enzymes related to testosterone biosynthesis, was also elevated, and the CKD-induced decrease in antioxidant activity in the testes was significantly ameliorated. The results suggest that CoQ10 could act against CKD-induced testicular dysfunction through improvements in the sperm function, testicular morphology, testosterone levels and related biosynthesis pathways, in addition to antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Tsao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Xiang-Ting Tseng
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (X.-T.T.); (T.-C.C.)
| | - Ting-Chia Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (X.-T.T.); (T.-C.C.)
| | - Chang-Huei Tsao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Yu Liu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (X.-T.T.); (T.-C.C.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Hashimoto T, Shibata K, Honda K, Nobe K. Acetic acid treatment causes renal inflammation and chronic kidney disease in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:160-168. [PMID: 34030798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We established a novel mouse model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) using acetic acid and compared it with the 5/6-nephrectomized mouse model. In our novel model, significant increases were observed in blood biochemical values and urinary parameters. Moreover, a decrease in creatinine clearance (Ccr) was observed. This model also demonstrated a higher survival rate than the 5/6-nephrectomized model. Observed histological changes in our model included cell infiltration in the renal interstitium, tubular dilation, regenerated tubules, and glomerulosclerosis. Inflammation of the renal interstitium was particularly remarkable. TNF-α, IL-1β, and ICAM-1 mRNA expression were up-regulated prior to elevation of mean blood pressure and prior to changes in blood biochemical values and urinary parameters. Up-regulation of TGF-β mRNA and down-regulation of nephrin mRNA were also observed at 12 weeks after acetic acid treatment. However, no correlation between the progression of CKD and the decrease in renal blood flow was observed. Finally, repeated losartan administration attenuated the effects of acetic acid-induced renal injury. Our findings suggest that chronic kidney conditions associated with this model may be triggered by interstitial inflammation. Moreover, we suggest that this model is useful for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of CKD, and for evaluating the effects of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Hashimoto
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142 Japan.
| | - Keita Shibata
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142 Japan
| | - Kazuo Honda
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142 Japan
| | - Koji Nobe
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142 Japan
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18
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Kim K, Anderson EM, Thome T, Lu G, Salyers ZR, Cort TA, O'Malley KA, Scali ST, Ryan TE. Skeletal myopathy in CKD: a comparison of adenine-induced nephropathy and 5/6 nephrectomy models in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F106-F119. [PMID: 34121452 PMCID: PMC8321803 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00117.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical animal models of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are critical to investigate the underlying mechanisms of disease and to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapeutics aimed to treat CKD-associated pathologies. The objective of the present study was to compare the adenine diet and 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) CKD models in mice. Male and female 10-wk-old C57BL/6J mice (n = 5-9 mice/sex/group) were randomly allocated to CKD groups (0.2-0.15% adenine-supplemented diet or 5/6 Nx surgery) or the corresponding control groups (casein diet or sham surgery). Following the induction of CKD, the glomerular filtration rate was reduced to a similar level in both adenine and 5/6 Nx mice (adenine diet-fed male mice: 81.1 ± 41.9 µL/min vs. 5/6 Nx male mice: 160 ± 80.9 µL/min, P = 0.5875; adenine diet-fed female mice: 112.9 ± 32.4 µL/min vs. 5/6 Nx female mice: 107.0 ± 45.7 µL/min, P = 0.9995). Serum metabolomics analysis indicated that established uremic toxins were robustly elevated in both CKD models, although some differences were observed between CKD models (i.e., p-cresol sulfate). Dysregulated phosphate homeostasis was observed in the adenine model only, whereas Ca2+ homeostasis was disturbed in male mice with both CKD models. Compared with control mice, muscle mass and myofiber cross-sectional areas of the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles were ∼18-24% smaller in male CKD mice regardless of the model but were not different in female CKD mice (P > 0.05). Skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory function was significantly decreased (19-24%) in CKD mice in both models and sexes. These findings demonstrate that adenine diet and 5/6 Nx models of CKD have similar levels of renal dysfunction and skeletal myopathy. However, the adenine diet model demonstrated superior performance with regard to mortality (∼20-50% mortality for 5/6 Nx vs. 0% mortality for the adenine diet, P < 0.05 for both sexes) compared with the 5/6 Nx surgical model.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Numerous preclinical models of chronic kidney disease have been used to evaluate skeletal muscle pathology; however, direct comparisons of popular models are not available. In this study, we compared adenine-induced nephropathy and 5/6 nephrectomy models. Both models produced equivalent levels of muscle atrophy and mitochondrial impairment, but the adenine model exhibited lower mortality rates, higher consistency in uremic toxin levels, and dysregulated phosphate homeostasis compared with the 5/6 nephrectomy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Erik M Anderson
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Trace Thome
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Guanyi Lu
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Zachary R Salyers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Tomas A Cort
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kerri A O'Malley
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Salvatore T Scali
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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19
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Zhang D, Jiang L, Wang M, Jin M, Zhang X, Liu D, Wang Z, Yang L, Xu X. Berberine inhibits intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in colon caused by peritoneal dialysis fluid by improving cell migration. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113206. [PMID: 32750460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Berberine is generally extracted from Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptis chinensis Franch), a traditional Chinese medicine, which can be used in the treatment of intestinal diseases, respiratory infections and cardiovascular diseases. Berberine is especially effective for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea because of the effect of heat-clearing and detoxifying in traditional Chinese medicine theory. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to examine the protective effect of berberine (BBR) on the damaged colonic epithelial barrier caused by peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). METHODS The damage to intestinal epithelial barrier was examined by intraperitoneally injecting 4.25% dextrose-containing PDF in mice and establishing a long-term PD model in rats with renal failure. Then, the therapeutic potential of berberine on PD-related colonic injuries was examined. T84 colonic epithelial cells were used to test the effect of PDF and berberine in vitro. The damaging effect of PDF and the protective effect of berberine were evaluated by histology staining, histofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The migration of colonic epithelial cell and actin-related protein 2 (Arp2) were tested by wound healing assay and Western blot to determine the possible mechanism in vitro. RESULTS PD administration induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in the colon, and berberine alleviated the injury by increasing the tight junction and adhesion junction protein, both in vivo and in vitro. Berberine could also improve the morphology of microvillus. In the wound healing assay, berberine exhibited the ability to promote cell migration, indicating that berberine could probably recover the function of intestinal epithelial cells when the intestinal epithelial barrier was damaged by the PDF. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that berberine can ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in the colon caused by long-term PDF through improving cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Zhang
- Minhang Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Minhang Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Mengling Wang
- Minhang Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiping Jin
- Minhang Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Minhang Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Difa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Licai Yang
- Minhang Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xudong Xu
- Minhang Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Ho YS, Lau CF, Lee K, Tan JY, Lee J, Yung S, Chang RCC. Impact of unilateral ureteral obstruction on cognition and neurodegeneration. Brain Res Bull 2021; 169:112-127. [PMID: 33422661 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment is a common complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Currently, limited types of animal models are available for studying cognitive impairment in CKD. We used unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice as an animal model to study the cognitive changes and related pathology under prolonged renal impairment METHODS: UUO was performed in 8-week-old male C57BL/6 N mice with double-ligation of their left ureter. A sham group was subjected to the same experimental procedure without ureteral obstruction. Cognitive and behavioral tests were performed to examine potential changes in cognition and behavior at 2, 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. Sera were collected, and kidneys and brains were harvested for the detection of systemic inflammation markers and neurodegenerative changes. RESULTS These mice displayed weak performance in the novel object recognition test, Y-maze test, and puzzle box test compared to the sham group. Reductions in synaptic proteins such as synapsin-1, synaptophysin, synaptotagmin, PSD95, NMDAR2B and AMPAR were confirmed by western blot analysis. Histological examination revealed elevated levels of Nrf2 and 8-hydroxyguanosine, and hyperphosphorylation of tau in the hippocampus. UUO mice also had increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS We characterized the cognitive and neuropathological changes in UUO mice. The results show that this mouse model can be used to further study cognitive changes related to chronic renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Chi-Fai Lau
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Krit Lee
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jia-Yan Tan
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Joyce Lee
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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21
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Rui-Zhi T, Hui D, Jian-Chun L, Xia Z, Xiao-Jia W, Dan W, Jun-Ming F, Li W. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax Notoginseng Formula (A&P) Combined With Bifidobacterium Contribute a Renoprotective Effect in Chronic Kidney Disease Through Inhibiting Macrophage Inflammatory Response in Kidney and Intestine. Front Physiol 2020; 11:583668. [PMID: 33329031 PMCID: PMC7729014 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.583668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) can cause intestinal dysfunction, which in turn aggravates the progression of kidney disease. Studies have shown that the immune response of macrophage plays an important role in promoting inflammation in kidney and intestine of CKD. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax notoginseng formula (A&P) is a widely used traditional medicine for the treatment of CKD in China, however, the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of A&P and Bifidobacterium combination treatment in regulation of inflammatory response of macrophage in kidney and intestine of CKD mouse, as well as the potential molecular mechanism. We established a CKD mouse model with 5/6 nephrectomy and a macrophage inflammatory cellular model with LPS and urotoxin in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that A&P combined with Bifidobacterium significantly reduced the expression and secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and MCP-1 in kidney and blood, as well as in inflammatory macrophage. Interestingly, A&P combined with Bifidobacterium strongly improved the intestinal flora and protected the intestinal barrier. Notably, the maintainer of macrophage polarization, Mincle, was activated in kidney and intestine of CKD mouse as well as in urotoxin stimulated macrophage, that was effectively inhibited by the treatment of A&P and Bifidobacterium combination. Overexpression of Mincle by genetic modification can abolish the inhibitory effects of A&P combined with Bifidobacterium on inflammation in urotoxin stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In summary, these findings demonstrated that A&P combined with Bifidobacterium can protect kidney against CKD by down-regulating macrophage inflammatory response in kidney and intestine via suppressing Mincle signaling, which provides a new insight in the treatment of CKD with traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Rui-Zhi
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Diao Hui
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Jian-Chun
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhong Xia
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wang Xiao-Jia
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wen Dan
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Jun-Ming
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Li
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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22
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A High Phosphorus Diet Impairs Testicular Function and Spermatogenesis in Male Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092624. [PMID: 32872125 PMCID: PMC7551469 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphatemia is a serious complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that occurs due to insufficient excretion of phosphorus during failure of renal function. Both CKD and an excessive phosphorus intake have been reported to increase oxidative stress and result in poor male fertility, but little is known about the reproductive function of the CKD under a poorly controlled phosphate intake. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice (n = 66) were randomly divided into four groups: a sham operation group received a chow diet as control (SC group, n = 14), CKD-induced mice received a chow diet (CKDC group, n = 16), control mice received a high phosphorus (HP) diet (SP group, n = 16), and CKD-induced mice received a HP diet (CKDP group, n = 20). CKD was induced by performing a 5/6 nephrectomy. The chow diet contained 0.6% phosphorus, while the HP diet contained 2% phosphorus. Impaired testicular function and semen quality found in the CKD model may result from increased oxidative stress, causing apoptosis and inflammation. The HP diet aggravated the negative effects of testicular damage in the CKD-induced mice.
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23
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Lv J, Chen J, Wang M, Yan F. Klotho alleviates indoxyl sulfate-induced heart failure and kidney damage by promoting M2 macrophage polarization. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9139-9150. [PMID: 32464602 PMCID: PMC7288965 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin that can accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI) and cause kidney and cardiac dysfunction. Klotho is an anti-aging protein that has reno- and cardio-protective effects. We investigated whether Klotho could alleviate IS-induced heart failure and kidney damage by regulating macrophages, which play a key role in the inflammatory response in CKD and AKI. Treatment of THP-1-derived macrophages with IS induced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β, and stimulated M1 polarization. Additionally, IS induced downregulation of Klotho expression in macrophages. Overexpression of Klotho suppressed the IS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages by stimulating M2 polarization. It also alleviated IS-induced cardiac hypertrophy and renal fibrosis in mice. A reduction in IS-induced phosphorylation of NF-kB p65 was observed in response to Klotho overexpression, suggesting that Klotho alleviates kidney and cardiac injury by inactivating NF-kB signaling and promoting macrophage M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lv
- Department of General Practice, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of General Practice, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Minjia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of General Practice, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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24
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O'Sullivan J, Finnie SL, Teenan O, Cairns C, Boyd A, Bailey MA, Thomson A, Hughes J, Bénézech C, Conway BR, Denby L. Refining the Mouse Subtotal Nephrectomy in Male 129S2/SV Mice for Consistent Modeling of Progressive Kidney Disease With Renal Inflammation and Cardiac Dysfunction. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1365. [PMID: 31803059 PMCID: PMC6872545 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent worldwide and is associated with significant co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Traditionally, the subtotal nephrectomy (remnant kidney) experimental model has been performed in rats to model progressive renal disease. The model experimentally mimics CKD by reducing nephron number, resulting in renal insufficiency. Presently, there is a lack of translation of pre-clinical findings into successful clinical results. The pre-clinical nephrology field would benefit from reproducible progressive renal disease models in mice in order to avail of more widely available transgenics and experimental tools to dissect mechanisms of disease. Here we evaluate if a simplified single step subtotal nephrectomy (STNx) model performed in the 129S2/SV mouse can recapitulate the renal and cardiac changes observed in patients with CKD in a reproducible and robust way. The single step STNx surgery was well-tolerated and resulted in clinically relevant outcomes including hypertension, increased urinary albumin:creatinine ratio, and significantly increased serum creatinine, phosphate and urea. STNx mice developed significant left ventricular hypertrophy without reduced ejection fraction or cardiac fibrosis. Analysis of intra-renal inflammation revealed persistent recruitment of Ly6Chi monocytes transitioning to pro-fibrotic inflammatory macrophages in STNx kidneys. Unlike 129S2/SV mice, C57BL/6 mice exhibited renal fibrosis without proteinuria, renal dysfunction, or cardiac pathology. Therefore, the 129S2/SV genetic background is susceptible to induction of progressive proteinuric renal disease and cardiac hypertrophy using our refined, single-step flank STNx method. This reproducible model could be used to study the systemic pathophysiological changes induced by CKD in the kidney and the heart, intra-renal inflammation and for testing new therapies for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O'Sullivan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Louise Finnie
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Teenan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carolynn Cairns
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Boyd
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Thomson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- Centre for Inflammation, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Bénézech
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Ronald Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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