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‘We're meat, so we need to eat meat to be who we are’: Understanding motivations that increase or reduce meat consumption among emerging adults in the University of Ghana food environment. Meat Sci 2022; 193:108927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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van der Eijk Y, Chen JIP. Case for raising the minimum legal age of tobacco sale to 25. Tob Control 2022; 31:487-492. [PMID: 33414266 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Restricting youth access to tobacco is an essential component of a comprehensive tobacco control policy. While there has been a growing movement to raise the minimum legal age (MLA) of purchasing tobacco from 18 to 21, more restrictive measures, such as raising the MLA to 25 (MLA25), have been criticised as being overly restrictive on adult's free choice. We argue that, even within a policy approach that prioritises freedom of choice, there is a strong case for MLA25 in view of neurobiological evidence which shows that, before age 25, people are neurobiologically vulnerable to developing an addiction. We discuss further considerations for an MLA25 policy, in particular its potential impact on the free choice of young adults to start or quit smoking, potential public health impact and potential effectiveness considering that most underage youth source cigarettes from older peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette van der Eijk
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacinta I-Pei Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Hwang J. Subjective Changes in Tobacco Product Use among Korean Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063272. [PMID: 35328959 PMCID: PMC8949246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study explored subjective changes in tobacco product use during the COVID-19 pandemic. The online survey included 828 tobacco product users and was implemented from 20 August to 27 August 2021. Participants were classified based on currently used products (cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs), and e-cigarettes) and categorized as single, dual, or triple users. Subjective changes in product use over the past year were designated as “no chang”, “increase”, or “decreased”. Single use was most common, as reported by 447 participants (male 249, female 198), while 283 (male 164, female 119) and 98 (male 59, female 39) participants reported dual and triple use, respectively. Age, income, and triple use were associated with increased cigarette use, whereas living with family was associated with decreased use. Gender, age, income, and triple use were associated with the changed use of HTPs. No factors were significantly associated with an increase in e-cigarette use, whereas age and income were associated with decreased use. Similar to many COVID-19-related changes in cultural, social, and economic aspects of life, users’ patterns of tobacco product use have also changed. Increasing tobacco product taxes, effective messaging, and customized cessation services might help prevent or limit tobacco product usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Hwang
- College of Health Science, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Chungnam, Korea
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Oral Habits during the Lockdown from the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in the Romanian Population. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030387. [PMID: 35334563 PMCID: PMC8950074 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to changes in population daily patterns. In order to adapt oral health promotion measures for future similar conditions, the main objective of the study was to assess changes in dental hygiene and eating and smoking habits during the government lockdown in Romania. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted immediately after the end of the lockdown and consisted of 800 adult subjects. Data collection was done via an online survey. Participants were divided into two groups: non-medical/dental practitioners (N-M/D group) and medical/dental practitioners (M/D group). Results: An increased use of dental floss from 27% (pre-lockdown) to 30.5% (during lockdown) was identified in the M/D group, while the manual toothbrush usage increased to 64.8% (during lockdown) from 61.7% (pre-lockdown) in the N-MD/group. No significant differences regarding toothbrushing frequency were observed in either group. A change in the number of daily snacks was identified in both groups (3–4 snacks per day: from 11% to 20.2% in the N-M/D group, from 13.1% to 22.2% in the M/D group). The consumption of sweets as a preferred snack was also noticed. A decrease of tobacco consumers was assessed in the lockdown period (from 66.6% to 60.4% in the M/D group, from 68.5% to 61.9% in the N-/M/D group). Conclusions: Oral habits were changed during the pandemic lockdown through the increase in the frequency of the consumption of snacks and sweets and the decrease in frequency of smokers. Only minor changes were observed in oral hygiene.
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Hwang J, Chun HR, Cheon E. A qualitative study on the impact of COVID-19 on the behavior and attitudes of smokers and non-smokers in South Korea. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1972. [PMID: 34724927 PMCID: PMC8559696 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of human society, including education, culture, and the economy, and has also introduced changes in people's health behaviors such as drinking alcohol, nutrition intake, and practicing healthy living. This study conducted qualitative research in the Korean context to examine the changes in the smoking behavior of smokers and secondhand smoke exposure of non-smokers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Focus group interviews were conducted with 36 Korean participants (18 men and 18 women). The groups were composed of cigarette smokers, e-cigarette users, heated tobacco product users, and non-smokers. RESULTS During the pandemic, it was found that there was an increase in the frequency of use, irrespective of the tobacco product, in users who refrained from social interaction and worked or studied from home. Users who continued to be socially active increased the amount used with each usage. Smokers showed a tendency to avoid smoking rooms and to smoke alone in places unoccupied by people. In addition, non-smokers' exposure to secondhand smoke did not decrease, but since non-smokers used masks, they reported more relief from the risk of exposure to secondhand smoke than before. CONCLUSIONS Despite smokers being a high-risk group for COVID-19, the risk did not result in smoking cessation among smokers. Therefore, policies and educational campaigns to raise awareness about the dangers of smoking and to encourage smoking cessation are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Hwang
- College of Health Science, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Ryoung Chun
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsil Cheon
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Wilson GL, Keenan J, Grogan S, Porcellato L, Powell S, Gee I. An investigation of factors encouraging and deterring EC use: a thematic analysis of accounts from UK adults. Psychol Health 2021; 37:1379-1395. [PMID: 34279128 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1952583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore E-cigarette (EC) accounts from a small sample of UK adults with varied smoking/EC experiences. This was to contribute to existing knowledge of adult perceptions and understand the factors that encourage or deter use to inform health messaging aimed at professionals, policy makers and the general public. DESIGN Twelve participants, five men and seven women aged 23-55 years (mean age 32.43) with mixed smoking/EC backgrounds took part in face-to-face interviews, analysed using semantic-level inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS The analysis identified three key themes. Social influence (1) relates to the understanding of the social representations of ECs. Representation and knowledge (2) captures the impact of varied EC related communication on perception. Aspects of addiction (3) conveys aspects of nicotine addiction and how this influences EC use. CONCLUSION ECs were generally perceived as more socially acceptable than cigarettes by non-smokers, although there were varying levels of acceptability depending on the type of EC device used. There was also unanimity concerning uncertainty surrounding the devices. Behavioural/sensory elements and personal enjoyment of ECs were consistent elements that encouraged or deterred use. Although non-smokers/vapers did not use the devices, they expressed similar apprehensions to those who did.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Keenan
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Grogan
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Lorna Porcellato
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Susan Powell
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ivan Gee
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Toledo G, McQuoid J, Ling PM. "It's Not Too Aggressive": Key Features of Social Branding Anti-Tobacco Interventions for High-Risk Young Adults. Health Promot Pract 2021; 22:423-432. [PMID: 32111139 PMCID: PMC7483222 DOI: 10.1177/1524839920910372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Peer crowd-targeted campaigns are a novel approach to engage high-risk young adults in tobacco use prevention and cessation. We elicited the perspectives of young adult key informants to understand how and why two social branding interventions were effective: (1) "COMMUNE," designed for "Hipsters" as a movement of artists and musicians against Big Tobacco, and (2) "HAVOC," designed for "Partiers" as an exclusive, smoke-free clubbing experience. Design. Qualitative study (27 semistructured qualitative phone interviews). Setting. Intervention events held in bars in multiple U.S. cities. Participants: Twenty-seven key informants involved in COMMUNE or HAVOC as organizers (e.g., musicians, event coordinators) or event attendees. Measures. We conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews. Participants described intervention events and features that worked or did not work well. Analysis. We used an inductive-deductive approach to thematically code interview transcripts, integrating concepts from intervention design literature and emergent themes. Results: Participants emphasized the importance of fun, interactive, social environments that encouraged a sense of belonging. Anti-tobacco messaging was subtle and nonjudgmental and resonated with their interests, values, and aesthetics. Young adults who represented the intervention were admired and influential among peers, and intervention promotional materials encouraged brand recognition and social status. Conclusion. Anti-tobacco interventions for high-risk young adults should encourage fun experiences; resonate with their interests, values, and aesthetics; and use subtle, nonjudgmental messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Toledo
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia McQuoid
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela M. Ling
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Grogan S, Walker L, McChesney G, Gee I, Gough B, Cordero MI. How has COVID-19 lockdown impacted smoking? A thematic analysis of written accounts from UK smokers. Psychol Health 2020; 37:17-33. [PMID: 33336583 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1862110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study was designed to investigate UK smokers' accounts of impacts of COVID-19 on their smoking, to develop implications for supporting smoking cessation.Design. One hundred and thirty-two smokers aged 19-52 years (mean age 25 years), recruited through an advert distributed through social media and a dedicated Twitter page, completed an anonymous online questionnaire.Main Outcome Measures. Smokers produced written accounts of how COVID-19 had impacted their smoking. Responses were of unlimited length and completed online 22nd May-22nd June 2020 during UK COVID-19 lockdown.Results. Inductive thematic analysis generated three themes: i) increased smoking as a coping mechanism to deal with anxiety, boredom, stress, and anger in COVID-19 lockdown; ii) lockdown as enabling quitting through lifting social barriers and enabling a focus on health benefits; and iii) no change, avoiding Government/media COVID-19 information due to disbelief, lack of trust, and perceptions of bias.Conclusions. Results demonstrate a need for credible public health messaging on COVID-19 risk aimed at smokers. Implications for supporting smoking cessation are discussed, including maintaining quitting in those "social smokers" who quit during lockdown, and support on stress-management and emotion regulation in those who use smoking as a way to cope with stress, anger, and boredom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Grogan
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucy Walker
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Gillian McChesney
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ivan Gee
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brendan Gough
- School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Maria I Cordero
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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McQuoid J, Keamy-Minor E, Ling P. A Practice Theory Approach to Understanding Poly-Tobacco Use in the United States. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 30:204-219. [PMID: 32982073 DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2018.1541226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper uses practice theory to explore a poorly understood phenomenon with important health implications: How and why an increasing number of young Americans regularly use multiple tobacco products. Practice theory is a promising alternative to traditional public health frameworks for understanding everyday activities related to health. It broadens the analytic focus from characteristics of individuals to viewing practices as having lives of their own in competing for, winning, and losing practitioners. We drew from in-depth interviews with 21 young adults (ages 18-29; California) who regularly use cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and/or smokeless tobacco. Participants described their everyday routines. We examined the characterizing elements of each tobacco product use practice and the roles of each within participants' routines. We found that each product comprises a distinct substance use practice with different roles to play in different situations and contexts. Notably, many participants rotated between or modulated use of different products as a strategy for reducing perceived tobacco-related harms. Cigarettes are uniquely capable of aiding in the space-time organization of everyday activities and coping with crisis, while ENDS and smokeless tobacco open up times and spaces for nicotine consumption. This kind of approach aids our understanding and anticipation of the evolution of tobacco use practices as new products and regulations are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia McQuoid
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Ave, Suite 366, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Emily Keamy-Minor
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Ave, Suite 366, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Pamela Ling
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Ave, Suite 366, San Francisco, California 94143
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Aho H, Pietilä I, Joronen K. Practical nursing students' discursive practices on smoking in Finland. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2020; 14:1610274. [PMID: 31107188 PMCID: PMC6534216 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2019.1610274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Based on focus groups, we analyse how practical nursing students deal with being as smokers and future healthcare workers. The way they justify their smoking is discussed within a group of peers. Methods: The study has a qualitative design with an inductive approach using focus group interviews (FGIs) for data collection. A total of 29 students were interviewed in five groups of five and one group of four participants. Results: In the analysis, we found four different discursive practices the students utilized for rationalizing their own smoking and coping with the moral dilemma of smoking in a context of health care where smoking is forbidden: (1) students normalized smoking with references to its prevalence within their social circles, (2) the students asserted that their smoking was under control, (3) students considered themselves responsible smokers, and (4) students identified smoking as a part of their identity. Conclusion: Training should support the growth of professional identity and address the smoker’s identity right from the start of education. Smokers need special attention in the formulation of professional identity, however, without being stigmatized any further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Aho
- a Faculty of Social Science , Health Sciences, University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland.,b Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Ilkka Pietilä
- c Faculty of Social Sciences, Social and Public Policy , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Katja Joronen
- a Faculty of Social Science , Health Sciences, University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
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Murray EG, Isbister GK, McCrabb S, Halpin SA, Bonevski B. An examination of factors associated with tobacco smoking amongst patients presenting with deliberate self-poisoning. J Affect Disord 2020; 260:544-549. [PMID: 31539691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understand factors related to related to tobacco smoking amongst individuals who present with deliberate self-harm is important. This article explores the relationship between tobacco use with mental health diagnoses and substance use in a cohort of overdose admissions. METHODS Secondary analysis of an existing health service database with 7133 patients admitted for deliberate self-poisonings from 1997 to 2013 was conducted. A data collection form was used on admission to capture information on patient demographics, drugs ingested, use of drugs of misuse, regular medications and management and complications of poisoning. The data was analysed using a multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS Within a deliberate self-poisoning population, those diagnosed with: an amphetamine substance use disorder (OR = 1.84, p < .001), alcohol use disorder (OR = 1.68, p < .001), other substance use disorder (OR = 1.77, p < .001), psychotic diagnoses (OR = 1.17, p = .032), or had a history of self-harm (OR = 1.15, p = .011) were more likely to be a current tobacco smoker. Those who were older (OR = 0.99, p < .001) or diagnosed with a mood disorder (OR = 0.87, p = .018) were less likely to smoke tobacco. LIMITATIONS The study was unable to differentiate between suicide attempts and self-harm self-poisonings. CONCLUSIONS Among a deliberate self-poisoning population those who were younger, diagnosed with a variety of substance use disorders, or had a history of previous self-poisoning were more likely to use tobacco. Those with a mood disorder were less likely to smoke tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G Murray
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Geoffrey K Isbister
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, 1 University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah NSW 2294, Australia
| | - Sam McCrabb
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, 1 University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Sean A Halpin
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Billie Bonevski
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, 1 University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Yates J, Cahill S. The characteristics of prototypical occupational identities: a grounded theory of four occupations. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2019.1706154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Yates
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sharon Cahill
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
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13
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McQuoid J, Thrul J, Ozer E, Ramo D, Ling PM. Tobacco use in the sexual borderlands: The smoking contexts and practices of bisexual young adults. Health Place 2019; 58:102069. [PMID: 30639203 PMCID: PMC6620170 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about why bisexual people use tobacco at higher rates than any other sexual identity group. Non-binary sexualities, such as bisexuality, exist within the socially constructed borderland between homosexuality and heterosexuality. Exploration of the everyday smoking contexts and practices of bisexual individuals may reveal unique mechanisms driving tobacco use. We employed a novel mixed method, integrating real-time, smartphone-administered surveys of (non)smoking situations, location tracking, spatial visualization of participant data, and subsequent map-led interviews. Participants (n = 17; ages 18-26, California) identified as bisexual, pansexual, and/or queer. Most were cisgender women. Survey smoking patterns and situational predictors were similar to other young adults'. However, interviews revealed unique roles of tobacco use in participants' navigation of differently sexualized spaces in everyday life: 1) stepping away from uncomfortable situations related to bisexual identity; 2) facilitating belonging to LGBTQ+ community; and 3) recovering from bisexual identity perception management. Similar studies can examine the place-embedded practices and spatio-temporal patterns of other substance use and other stigmatized identity experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia McQuoid
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Ave, Suite 366, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
| | - Johannes Thrul
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkin s University, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - Emily Ozer
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 529 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
| | - Danielle Ramo
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
| | - Pamela M Ling
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Ave, Suite 366, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
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Papanastasiou N, Hill S, Amos A. Evidence From Qualitative Studies of Youth About the Impacts of Tobacco Control Policy on Young People in Europe: A Systematic Review. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:863-870. [PMID: 29370431 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A range of tobacco control policies endeavor to prevent smoking uptake in young people, yet relatively little is known about how such interventions impact young people's engagement with smoking. We reviewed existing qualitative evidence on young people and smoking in Europe to assess whether, in what ways and why young people comply with, adapt to, resist, or circumvent tobacco control policies in their respective countries. METHODS We undertook a systematic review of academic literature presenting qualitative research from Europe on smoking and young people (11-18 years), published from 2000 to 2015. Bibliographic searches (PubMed, PsycInfo, SSCI) produced 1357 records, from which 43 relevant articles were assessed for quality and 39 included in the review. RESULTS Most studies were from the United Kingdom (27), with a small number (one or two each) from other European countries (Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, and Spain). Only 16 articles (11 from United Kingdom) provided any evidence about the impacts of tobacco control policies on young people's smoking. These focused on smoke-free legislation (four), age of sale laws (four), plain packaging (three), and black market tobacco (one). CONCLUSIONS There is very little qualitative evidence exploring the impacts of tobacco control on youth smoking in Europe. To develop more effective smoking prevention policies that take account of local political, social, and cultural contexts, more qualitative research from a wider range of European countries is needed to understand how tobacco control impacts on young people's social worlds and smoking behaviors. IMPLICATIONS Smoking is the leading cause of premature mortality in Europe. However, there is little qualitative evidence exploring the impact of tobacco control policies on young people in Europe. Most comes from the United Kingdom and focuses on a narrow range of policies. Thus, we have a limited understanding of how and in what ways tobacco control policies reach young people, their engagement with these, and how local context affects their impact. More qualitative research is needed, from a wider range of countries and on a broader range of tobacco control policies, to strengthen the evidence-base for reducing youth smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Papanastasiou
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Hill
- Global Public Health Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amanda Amos
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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15
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Rainer MA, Xie B, Sabado-Liwag M, Kwan PP, Pike JR, Tan NS, Vaivao DES, Tui'one May V, Ka'ala Pang J, Pang VK, Toilolo TB, Tanjasiri SP, Palmer PH. Psychosocial characteristics of smoking patterns among young adult Samoans and Tongans in California. Addict Behav Rep 2019; 9:100177. [PMID: 31193768 PMCID: PMC6542745 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the high burden of tobacco-related diseases experienced by Samoans and Tongans, there is relatively little understanding of the factors that influence their smoking behaviors which could inform effective smoking cessation strategies. This study examined several psychosocial characteristics that intertwine to predict smoking patterns in these Pacific Islander subgroups. Methods Samoans and Tongans between the ages of 18 and 33, who consumed at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and were current smokers, were categorized as light, moderate, or heavy smokers. Baseline data from a randomized controlled smoking cessation trial were analyzed. Participants (n = 278) were measured on self-efficacy, perceived stress, sensation seeking, hostility, depression, and impulsivity. Least square means estimated from General Linear Models were used to compare psychosocial characteristics across smoking groups, as well as by gender and ethnicity. Results Samoan male heavy smokers reported higher levels of self-efficacy compared to light smokers, and greater stress, hostility, depression, and urgency over moderate smokers. Samoan female heavy smokers demonstrated greater stress and hostility than moderate and light smokers. Tongan female heavy and light smokers had significantly elevated levels of sensation seeking compared to moderate smokers. Tongan male smokers did not display any meaningful associations with these psychosocial constructs. Conclusions This study underscores the important distinctions between smoking patterns, gender, and ethnic subgroups. Interventions that rely on aggregated smoking profiles or general Pacific Islander data may not adequately address the complex array of mental health factors that contribute to tobacco use. Heavy smokers had greater levels of stress, hostility, depression, and urgency compared to light or moderate smoking Light smokers had the lowest level of self-efficacy Female moderate smokers had the lowest level of sensation seeking Male Tongan psychosocial characteristics did not vary across smoking patterns
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Rainer
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 150 E 10th St, Claremont, CA 91711, United States of America
| | - Bin Xie
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 150 E 10th St, Claremont, CA 91711, United States of America
| | - Melanie Sabado-Liwag
- California State University, Los Angeles, Department of Public Health, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States of America
| | - Patchareeya P Kwan
- California State University, Northridge, Department of Health Sciences, Jacaranda Hall 2500, 18111 Nordhoff St, Northridge, CA 91330, United States of America
| | - James Russell Pike
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 150 E 10th St, Claremont, CA 91711, United States of America
| | - Nasya S Tan
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 150 E 10th St, Claremont, CA 91711, United States of America
| | - Dorothy Etimani S Vaivao
- Samoan National Nurses Association, 14112 S Kingsley Dr, Gardena, CA 90249, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Tui'one May
- Tongan Community Service Center, 13030 S Inglewood Ave #104, Hawthorne, CA 90250, United States of America
| | - Jane Ka'ala Pang
- Pacific Islander Health Partnership, 12912 Brookhurst St, Suite 410, Garden Grove, CA 92840, United States of America
| | - Victor Kaiwi Pang
- Pacific Islander Health Partnership, 12912 Brookhurst St, Suite 410, Garden Grove, CA 92840, United States of America
| | - Tupou Bo Toilolo
- Union of Pan Asian Communities, 1031 25th St, San Diego, CA 92102, United States of America
| | - Sora Park Tanjasiri
- California State University, Fullerton, Department of Public Health, 800 North State College, Room KHS-121, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States of America
| | - Paula Healani Palmer
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 150 E 10th St, Claremont, CA 91711, United States of America
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Yates J, Cahill S. What kind of shoes does a social worker wear? A content analysis of four occupational prototypes. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2018.1437596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Yates
- Department of Psychology, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sharon Cahill
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
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17
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Schreuders M, Krooneman NT, van den Putte B, Kunst AE. Boy Smokers' Rationalisations for Engaging in Potentially Fatal Behaviour: In-Depth Interviews in The Netherlands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040767. [PMID: 29659521 PMCID: PMC5923809 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent smokers engage in cognitive rationalisation processes that lower perceptions of personal vulnerability to the health consequences of smoking. There is, however, hardly any evidence that provides in-depth insights on adolescents’ recurring rationalisations. Therefore, we explored how boy smokers deal with the knowledge that they are engaging in potentially fatal behaviour. Interviews were held with 16 boy smokers aged 16 to 17 years old. The qualitative analysis focussed on combining boys’ reasons about why they think they will not experience severe health consequences into coherent rationalisations that recurred among interviewees. Three rationalisations emerged from the analysis. First, boys trivialize the immediate consequences and think these can be compensated for and are outweighed by the benefits of smoking. Second, boys assume that smoking will only take place during adolescence and they will, therefore, recover from the damage inflicted. Third, boys believe that they have control over the amount and frequency of smoking and, thereby, can ensure that they will not experience fatal consequences. Boys’ recurring rationalisations build on their view that they are supposed to have fun and will not become typical adult smokers. Interventions should address these rationalisations in order to increase adolescents’ perceptions of personal vulnerability, and thereby contribute to decreasing adolescent smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schreuders
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, 1100DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nikha T Krooneman
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, 1100DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas van den Putte
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction, 3521VS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, 1100DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Gath ME, Stamp LK, Aimer P, Stebbings S, Treharne GJ. Reconceptualizing motivation for smoking cessation among people with rheumatoid arthritis as incentives and facilitators. Musculoskeletal Care 2018; 16:139-146. [PMID: 29235264 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smokers with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may have different motivations for, and barriers to, quitting. Understanding the motivations of smokers and ex-smokers with RA will help in the design and implementation of targeted smoking cessation interventions for people with RA that are not based solely on extrapolation from the general population or populations with other chronic illnesses. METHODS Twenty-nine smokers and 10 recent ex-smokers with RA participated in semi-structured interviews via telephone 18 months after being offered a smoking cessation intervention in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The sample consisted of 27 women and 12 men (age range 32-78 years), of whom 14 had received the intervention, 14 had been in the control group and 11 had declined participation in the trial. RESULTS Thematic analysis led to the formulation of four "incentives" to quit and five "facilitators" of quitting for people with RA. Desiring improvements to health (overall and specific to arthritis), social relationships and avoiding costs were incentives to quit. Coping with stress without smoking, commitment, mental preparedness, willpower and interventions were facilitators of quitting. CONCLUSIONS Becoming aware of the effects of smoking on arthritis provides an important motivation to quit smoking that may counter RA-specific barriers to smoking cessation. Further research is needed to test whether similar incentives and facilitators of smoking cessation exist in other chronic illnesses, and how to develop interventions to address these motivational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Gath
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Aotearoa/New Zealand
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Aotearoa/New Zealand
| | - Pip Aimer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Aotearoa/New Zealand
| | - Simon Stebbings
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa/New Zealand
| | - Gareth J Treharne
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa/New Zealand
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19
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Triandafilidis Z, Ussher JM, Perz J, Huppatz K. Young Australian women's accounts of smoking and quitting: a qualitative study using visual methods. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:5. [PMID: 29301518 PMCID: PMC5755039 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Although the overall rate of smoking in Australia continues to decline, the rate of decline has begun to slow. Rates of smoking among young women in Australia have been a particular concern, which has led to the development of targeted public health campaigns. Poststructuralist theory has successfully been used in research to explore the way in which young women experience smoking. However, there is an absence of poststructuralist analysis of young women’s experiences of quitting. This study aims to address this gap. Methods We carried out 27 interviews with young Australian women smokers and ex-smokers. Eighteen of those women then participated in a photography activity and follow-up interviews. A Foucauldian discourse analysis of the data was conducted. Results Through our analysis, we identified three discourses: ‘The irresponsibility of smoking: Quitting as responsible’, ‘The difficulties of quitting: Smoking as addictive’, and ‘Making a decision to quit: Smoking as a choice’. In relation to these discourses, participants took up contradictory positions of responsibility and resistance, addiction and agency. Taking up these positions had implications for young women’s subjectivity, and the way they engaged with tobacco controls and cessation support. Conclusions The analysis highlights the complex and contradictory nature of young women’s experiences with smoking and quitting. The study’s findings are considered in relation to the improvement of tobacco control policies and cessation support programmes targeted at young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Triandafilidis
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| | - Jane M Ussher
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Janette Perz
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kate Huppatz
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, NSW, 2751, Australia
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20
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Allmark N, Grogan S, Jeffries M. “I don’t want to let myself down or the charity down”: men’s accounts of using various interventions to reduce smoking and alcohol consumption. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14780887.2017.1393585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Allmark
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Department of Psychology, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Grogan
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Department of Psychology, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Jeffries
- University of Manchester, NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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21
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Triandafilidis Z, Ussher JM, Perz J, Huppatz K. ‘It’s one of those “It’ll never happen to me” things’: young women’s constructions of smoking and risk. HEALTH, RISK & SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13698575.2017.1384801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Triandafilidis
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jane M Ussher
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janette Perz
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate Huppatz
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Taylor J, Lamont A, Murray M. Talking about sunbed tanning in online discussion forums: Assertions and arguments. Psychol Health 2017; 33:518-536. [PMID: 28911238 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1375496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is increasing evidence of both health and appearance risks associated with sunbed use. At the same time, the sunbed industry promotes the benefits of using sunbeds, and the image of a tanned skin as attractive and healthy arguably remains embedded within contemporary western culture. These tensions are played out in everyday conversations, and this paper reports a study which explored how sunbed users manage them within online discussion forums. DESIGN A total of 556 posts from 13 sunbed-related threads, taken from six different UK-based online forums, were analysed thematically followed by techniques from discourse analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Informed by social representations theory and discursive-rhetorical psychology, the way social representations of sunbed use are constructed, debated and disputed in online discussion forums were explored. RESULTS Sunbed users drew upon numerous representations to distance and protect themselves from negativity they were confronted with in the forums, utilising a range of rhetorical, discursive strategies to help them. CONCLUSION Theoretical contributions and potential practical implications of the findings are discussed. Findings indicate, for example, that those working on campaigns and interventions in this area need to consider the wider negativity and argumentative orientation of sunbed users' responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Taylor
- a School of Psychology , Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Keele University , Staffordshire , UK
| | - Alexandra Lamont
- a School of Psychology , Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Keele University , Staffordshire , UK
| | - Michael Murray
- a School of Psychology , Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Keele University , Staffordshire , UK
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Backhaus I, D'Egidio V, Grassucci D, Gelardini M, Ardizzone C, La Torre G. Link between perceived smoking behaviour at school and students smoking status: a large survey among Italian adolescents. Public Health 2017; 151:169-176. [PMID: 28806725 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate a possible link between sociodemographic factors, the perception of smoking habits at school and smoking status of Italian adolescents attending secondary school. STUDY DESIGN The study was a cross-sectional study. METHODS An anonymous online survey was employed to gather information on age, gender, smoking status and to examine the perception of smoking behaviour on the school premises. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed for the univariate analysis and logistic and multinomial regressions for the multivariate analysis. RESULTS The statistical analyses included 1889 students. Univariate analysis showed significant differences concerning knowledge between smoker and non-smoker concerning the harmfulness of smoking (P < 0.001). According to the multivariate analysis smokers had a higher perception of teacher, principal or janitor smoking at school (odds ratio: 1.54 [95% confidence interval 1.26-1.89]). Students older than 19 years most often begin smoking because their friends smoke compared with younger students (adjusted odds ratio: 1.18 [95% confidence interval 0.48-2.89]). CONCLUSION School environment and behaviour of role models play a crucial part in student smoking. To prevent and reduce youth tobacco smoking, not merely the presence of preventive measures is important but greater attention needs to be placed on the enforcement of smoking policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Backhaus
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - V D'Egidio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - D Grassucci
- Skuola Network Srl, Via Taranto 21, 00182 Rome, Italy
| | - M Gelardini
- Skuola Network Srl, Via Taranto 21, 00182 Rome, Italy
| | - C Ardizzone
- Skuola Network Srl, Via Taranto 21, 00182 Rome, Italy
| | - G La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Egbe CO, Egbochuku EO, Meyer-Weitz A, Petersen I. A Qualitative Exploration of the Theory of Triadic Influence in a Nigerian Setting: The Case of Cigarette Smoking. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-017-0419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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25
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Wigginton B, Gartner C, Rowlands IJ. Is It Safe to Vape? Analyzing Online Forums Discussing E-Cigarette Use during Pregnancy. Womens Health Issues 2017; 27:93-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Wigginton B, Morphett K, Gartner C. Differential access to health care and support? A qualitative analysis of how Australian smokers conceptualise and respond to stigma. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2016.1266298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Wigginton
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Kylie Morphett
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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27
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Role of Stress and Smoking as Modifiable Risk Factors for Nonpersistent and Persistent Back Pain in Women. Clin J Pain 2016; 32:232-7. [PMID: 25882868 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the association between smoking and stress with nonpersistent and persistent back pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants included 3703 women who took part in the Kentucky Women's Health Registry in 2008 and 2011. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to examine whether smoking status and stress levels were predictive of nonpersistent and persistent back pain, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Stress level was associated with both nonpersistent and persistent back pain, whereas smoking was associated with only persistent back pain. Current smokers were 1.5 times more likely to report persistent back pain compared with never smokers, controlling for age, race, body mass index, educational attainment, and employment status. Women experiencing large or overwhelming amounts of stress were 1.8 times more likely to have nonpersistent back pain and 1.6 times more likely to report persistent back pain, compared with women experiencing small amounts of stress. DISCUSSION This study further substantiates the findings of prior research that describes a significant relationship between back pain, stress, and smoking. Understanding the role of modifiable risk factors (ie, smoking and stress) and their impact on back pain provides an opportunity to offer a comprehensive and tailored treatment plan.
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28
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Sherratt FC, Newson L, Marcus MW, Field JK, Robinson J. Perceptions towards electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation among Stop Smoking Service users. Br J Health Psychol 2015; 21:421-33. [DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frances C. Sherratt
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; UK
| | - Lisa Newson
- Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, Natural Sciences and Psychology; Liverpool John Moores University; UK
| | - Michael W. Marcus
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; UK
| | - John K. Field
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; UK
| | - Jude Robinson
- Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Criminology; University of Liverpool; UK
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29
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Hoek J. Informed choice and the nanny state: learning from the tobacco industry. Public Health 2015; 129:1038-45. [PMID: 25956554 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Hardcastle SJ, Chan DCK, Caudwell KM, Sultan S, Cranwell J, Chatzisarantis NLD, Hagger MS. Larger and More Prominent Graphic Health Warnings on Plain-Packaged Tobacco Products and Avoidant Responses in Current Smokers: a Qualitative Study. Int J Behav Med 2015; 23:94-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-015-9487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Chuang SH, Huang SL. The Risk of Losing 10 Years of Life Put in Perspective. Asia Pac J Public Health 2015; 27:NP85-94. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539511423571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Health messages have limited effects on young smokers. The health effects typically have long latent periods, and the appreciation of risk depends on the meaning given to longevity. This study aims to understand how college student smokers interpreted the risks of losing 10 years of life because of smoking. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 23 male smokers from a relatively low-achieving college in southern Taiwan. The participants had vague ideas about the future; were not expecting a successful life, thought life was stressful and boring; and expressed that there was no need to live too long. Many believed that removing the stress and having a composed lifestyle was the way to becoming healthy, which could be achieved only by people with economic success. They would quit had they been rich. Empowerment to help young smokers gain control over their life events may be the key to tobacco control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Chuang
- National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Shoufu University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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32
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Bethea J, Murtagh B, Wallace SE. "I don't mind damaging my own body" a qualitative study of the factors that motivate smokers to quit. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:4. [PMID: 25604029 PMCID: PMC4324408 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-15-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although smoking prevalence in England has declined, one in five adults smoke. Smokers are at increased risk of a number of diseases, including COPD which affects an estimated 1.5 million people in England alone. This study aimed to explore issues relating to smoking behaviour and intention to quit that might be used to inform the development of cessation interventions. Issues explored included knowledge of smoking related disease, with a particular emphasis on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Understanding around risk of disease, including genetic risk was explored, as were features of appropriate and accessible cessation materials and support. Methods Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with a total of 30 individuals of which 17 were smoking cessation clients and 13 were professionals working within health care settings relevant to supporting smokers to quit. A largely purposive approach was taken to sampling, and data were analysed using the constant comparative method. Results Knowledge of the smoking related disease COPD was limited. Smokers’ concerns around risk of disease were influenced by their social context and were more focussed on how their smoking might impact on the health of their family and friends, rather than how it might impact on them as individuals. Participants felt the provision of genetic risk information may have a limited impact on motivation to quit. Genetic risk was considered to be a difficult concept to understand, particularly as increased risk does not mean an individual will definitely develop disease. In terms of cessation approaches, the use of visual media was consistently supported, as was the use of materials that linked directly with life experiences. Images of children inhaling second hand smoke for example, had a particular impact. Conclusions Public health messages around the risks of smoking and approaches to quitting should continue to have an emphasis on the dangers that an individual’s smoking has on the lives of the people around them. More work also needs to be done to raise awareness around both the risk of COPD in smokers and the impact this disease has on quality of life and life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Bethea
- Department of Health Sciences, The University of Leicester, Adrian Building, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK.
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33
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Wigginton B, Lafrance MN. ‘I think he is immune to all the smoke I gave him’: how women account for the harm of smoking during pregnancy. HEALTH RISK & SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13698575.2014.951317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Wong JA, Pickworth WB, Waters AJ, al’Absi M, Leventhal AM. Cortisol levels decrease after acute tobacco abstinence in regular smokers. Hum Psychopharmacol 2014; 29:152-62. [PMID: 24399662 PMCID: PMC4049137 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effect of acute tobacco abstinence on cortisol levels in regular smokers, and whether abstinence-induced changes in cortisol levels are correlated with various signs and symptoms of the tobacco withdrawal syndrome. METHODS Smokers (N = 77, ≥15 cigarettes/day) attended two counterbalanced sessions (avg = 1 h), one following 12-20 h of abstinence and the other following ad lib smoking. At both sessions, salivary cortisol levels were measured at three time points. Additionally, a battery of self-report questionnaires, physiological assessments, and cognitive performance tasks were administered to measure signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal. RESULTS Salivary cortisol levels were significantly lower during the abstinent session versus the non-abstinent session. No significant associations were found between abstinence-induced changes in cortisol and other tobacco withdrawal measures, although there was suggestive evidence that abstinence-induced changes in cortisol levels and hunger were inversely associated to a modest degree. CONCLUSION Acute tobacco abstinence was associated with decreased cortisol levels. Cortisol dampening during acute tobacco abstinence may reflect nicotine-mediated modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, which may be relevant to the maintenance of tobacco dependence. Tobacco-withdrawal cortisol changes do not appear to be a cause or consequence of many manifestations of acute tobacco withdrawal with the possible exception of hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Wong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Andrew J. Waters
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mustafa al’Absi
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA,Correspondence to: A. M. Leventhal, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 240, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. Tel: 1-323-442-2732; Fax: 1-323-442-2359
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35
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Huang SL, Lin IF, Chen CY, Tsai TI. Impact of tobacco control policies on adolescent smoking: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey in Taiwan. Addiction 2013; 108:1829-35. [PMID: 23714267 DOI: 10.1111/add.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the impact of a set of comprehensive tobacco control policies implemented in Taiwan in 2009, including extensive smoke-free policy, advertisement ban, pictorial warning and price increase, on adolescent smoking prevalence. DESIGN Five waves of cross-sectional surveys. SETTING Taiwan, 2004-11. PARTICIPANTS Nationally representative sample of junior high schools aged 13-15 years, in a biennial survey, total sample size 101,100. MEASURES Core questionnaire of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, including ever smoking, 30-day smoking and number of cigarettes smoked. The magnitude of prevalence change before and after the 2009 policy implementation was quantified by adjusted odds ratios estimated by piecewise logistic regression models. FINDINGS The 30-day smoking prevalence demonstrated an upward trend [odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.10] between 2004 and 2008. Significant decline in 30-day smoking prevalence after the 2009 law implementation was observed (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.71-0.99). Those living in non-city areas demonstrated a greater magnitude of change. In addition to changes in prevalence, we observed some delay in the age starting smoking, reduction in smokers who smoke fewer than one cigarette per day, and decrease in smokers who did not buy cigarettes. The decline in smoking prevalence was contributed primarily by the reduction in experimenters. CONCLUSION The comprehensive tobacco control programme introduced in Taiwan in 2009 was associated with a reduction in adolescent smoking, particularly among those in earlier stages of smoking and those who resided in non-city areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lih Huang
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tan QH. Smoking spaces as enabling spaces of wellbeing. Health Place 2013; 24:173-82. [PMID: 24121560 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A persistent emphasis on the negative biomedical effects of cigarette smoking effectively glosses over the affectual-sensual and social wellbeing that smoking can enable. In addition, while tobacco research has recently been more attuned to the stigmatizing affects brought about by smoking de-normalization efforts, a lot less attention has been placed on how smokers negotiate these feelings of stigmatization so as to restore their personal spaces of wellbeing. In this paper, I situate my investigation of smoking geographies in the burgeoning literature on enabling spaces which focuses on how places co-constitute our ability to act/affect in empowering ways. By deploying qualitative research methods such as in-depth interviews, I argue that an acknowledgment of how smoking spaces in Singapore can be enabling along affectual, sensorial and social registers is long overdue. While it is not my purpose to systematically downplay the damaging health effects that smoking can engender, a focus on enabling smoking spaces emphasizes the role of smokers as creative agents capable of (re)fashioning their own holistic and subjective versions of wellbeing. In so doing, I hope to contribute to the existing research on smoking spaces and a recent profusion of work on relational geographies of affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hui Tan
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Block AS2, #03-011 Arts Link, Singapore 117570, Singapore.
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A qualitative study of alcohol, health and identities among UK adults in later life. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71792. [PMID: 23940787 PMCID: PMC3737127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing alcohol consumption among older individuals is a public health concern. Lay understandings of health risks and stigma around alcohol problems may explain why public health messages have not reduced rates of heavy drinking in this sector. A qualitative study aimed to elucidate older people's reasoning about drinking in later life and how this interacted with health concerns, in order to inform future, targeted, prevention in this group. In 2010 a diverse sample of older adults in North East England (ages 50–95) participated in interviews (n = 24, 12 male, 12 female) and three focus groups (participants n = 27, 6 male, 21 female). Data were analysed using grounded theory and discursive psychology methods. When talking about alcohol use older people oriented strongly towards opposed identities of normal or problematic drinker, defined by propriety rather than health considerations. Each of these identities could be applied in older people's accounts of either moderate or heavy drinking. Older adults portrayed drinking less alcohol as an appropriate response if one experienced impaired health. However continued heavy drinking was also presented as normal behaviour for someone experiencing relative wellbeing in later life, or if ill health was construed as unrelated to alcohol consumption. Older people displayed scepticism about health advice on alcohol when avoiding stigmatised identity as a drinker. Drinking patterns did not appear to be strongly defined by gender, although some gendered expectations of drinking were described. Identities offer a useful theoretical concept to explain the rises in heavy drinking among older populations, and can inform preventive approaches to tackle this. Interventions should engage and foster positive identities to sustain healthier drinking and encourage at the community level the identification of heavy drinking as neither healthy nor synonymous with dependence. Future research should test and assess such approaches.
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Gough B, Antoniak M, Docherty G, Jones L, Stead M, McNeill A. Smoking, self-regulation and moral positioning: a focus group study with British smokers from a disadvantaged community. Psychol Health 2013; 28:1171-91. [PMID: 23710702 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2013.799160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Smoking in many Western societies has become a both moral aand health issue in recent years, but little is known about how smokers position themselves and regulate their behaviour in this context. In this article, we report the findings from a study investigating how smokers from an economically disadvantaged community in the East Midlands (UK) respond to concerns about the health impact of smoking on others. We conducted ten focus group (FG) discussions with mixed groups (by smoking status and gender; N = 58 participants) covering a range of topics, including smoking norms, self-regulation, and smoking in diverse contexts. We transcribed all FG discussions before analysing the data using techniques from discourse analysis. Smokers in general positioned themselves as socially responsible smokers and morally upstanding citizens. This position was bolstered in two main ways: 'everyday accommodation', whereby everyday efforts to accommodate the needs of non-smokers were referenced, and 'taking a stand', whereby proactive interventions to prevent smoking in (young) others were cited. We suggest that smoking cessation campaigns could usefully be informed by this ethic of care for others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Gough
- a School of Social, Psychological & Communication Sciences, Leeds Metropolitan University , Leeds , UK
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Williams AL, Grogan S, Buckley E, Clark-Carter D. Men's experiences of an appearance-focussed facial-ageing sun protection intervention: a qualitative study. Body Image 2013; 10:263-6. [PMID: 23402802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated men's experiences of taking part in an age-appearance-focussed intervention which involved seeing how their faces would age with and without UV exposure. Thirty-five men gave accounts of their experiences whilst taking part in the intervention, and eight men discussed their experiences retrospectively in focus groups. Transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Men were shocked about the impact of ageing on their faces, and particularly the added impact of UV exposure, with a subgroup of men expressing lack of concern. The findings are discussed in relation to gender roles and appearance concerns in men, and comparisons are made between the thematic model produced and that produced in a similar study focussing on women's experiences of the same intervention. It is concluded that appearance-based interventions have a role to play in healthcare and educational settings with regards to UV exposure and sun protection intentions in men.
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Williams AL, Grogan S, Buckley E, Clark-Carter D. A qualitative study examining women's experiences of an appearance-focussed facial-ageing sun protection intervention. Body Image 2012; 9:417-20. [PMID: 22627145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate women's experiences of an appearance-focussed, facial-ageing, morphing intervention to show the effect of UV exposure on their skin. Forty-seven women aged 18-34 took part in the intervention: 35 women in individual sessions, and 12 in four focus groups. Transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Women were shocked about the likely effect of UV exposure on their skin. All of the women stated that they were going to make changes to their UV exposure and sun protection behaviours after viewing the images of themselves which were morphed to show the effects of UV exposure. The results are discussed in relation to suggestions for interventions aimed at women aged 18-34. It is concluded that appearance-based interventions do have a role to play in healthcare and educational settings with regards to UV exposure and sun protection intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Leah Williams
- Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Sciences, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.
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Grogan S, Flett K, Clark-Carter D, Gough B, Davey R, Richardson D, Rajaratnam G. Women smokers' experiences of an age-appearance anti-smoking intervention: a qualitative study. Br J Health Psychol 2010; 16:675-89. [PMID: 21199543 DOI: 10.1348/2044-8287.002006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate women's experiences of engaging in an age-appearance anti-smoking intervention. METHODS Ten 18- to 34-year-old women gave accounts of their experiences after engaging in an age-appearance facial morphing anti-smoking intervention in interviews (n= 7) and a focus group (n= 3), and 37 women gave their accounts while they were engaged in the intervention. Transcripts were analysed using a thematic analysis broadly informed by the procedures of Grounded Theory. RESULTS Women were very concerned about the impact of ageing on their faces in general, and in particular the additional impact of smoking on their skin. Women were concerned about other people's reactions to them as older smokers with wrinkled skin, and many experienced a physical shock reaction (including reports of nausea) to seeing how they would age if they continued to smoke. They reported that seeing their own face aged on the computer screen increased their perceived risk of skin wrinkling. Women reported being highly motivated to quit smoking as a result of the intervention, and many reported that they would take active steps to quit having seen how they would look if they continued to smoke. This was linked with increased perceived personal responsibility for quitting. CONCLUSIONS Results are discussed in relation to suggestions for anti-smoking interventions aimed at women in the 18- to 34-year-old age group. It is concluded that interventions incorporating age-appearance morphing techniques are likely to be effective in helping women to take active steps to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Grogan
- Psychology, Staffordshire University, College Road, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire, England ST4 2DE, UK.
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Helweg-Larsen M, Tobias MR, Cerban BM. Risk perception and moralization among smokers in the USA and Denmark: a qualitative approach. Br J Health Psychol 2010; 15:871-86. [PMID: 20181322 DOI: 10.1348/135910710x490415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present research explored the role that culture plays in smokers' description of their risk perceptions and experiences as targets of moralization. METHODS We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 15 smokers each from Denmark (a smoking-lenient culture) and the USA (a smoking-prohibitive culture). RESULTS Smokers said they were well aware of the risks of smoking yet minimized the risks of active and passive smoking; Danes were particularly likely to minimize these risks. Smokers also described many experiences as targets of moralization and accepted some elements of moralized attitudes although overall Danes more strongly rejected moralized opinions. Smokers described adjusting to moralization by changing when and where but not how much they smoked. CONCLUSION It is important to consider cultural influences on moralization and risk perception of smoking.
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