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You DS, Chong JL, Mackey SC, Poupore-King H. Utilizing a learning health system to capture real-world patient data: Application of the reliable change index to evaluate and improve the outcome of a pain rehabilitation program. Pain Pract 2024; 24:856-865. [PMID: 38465804 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The learning healthcare system (LHS) has been developed to integrate patients' clinical data into clinical decisions and improve treatment outcomes. Having little guidance on this integration process, we aim to explain (a) an applicable analytic tool for clinicians to evaluate the clinical outcomes at a group and an individual level and (b) our quality improvement (QI) project, analyzing the outcomes of a new outpatient pain rehabilitation program ("Back-in-Action": BIA) and applying the analysis results to modify our clinical practice. METHODS Through our LHS (CHOIR; https://choir.stanford.edu), we administered the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMIS)® before and after BIA. After searching for appropriate analytic tools, we decided to use the Reliable Change Index (RCI) to determine if an observed change in the direction of better (improvement) or worse (deterioration) would be beyond or within the measurement error (no change). RESULTS Our RCI calculations revealed that at least a 9-point decrease in the PCS scores and 10-point increase in the CPAQ scores would indicate reliable improvement. RCIs for the PROMIS measures ranged from 5 to 8 T-score points (i.e., 0.5-0.8 SD). When evaluating change scores of the PCS, CPAQ, and PROMIS measures, we found that 94% of patients showed improvement in at least one domain after BIA and 6% showed no reliable improvement. CONCLUSIONS Our QI project revealed RCI as a useful tool to evaluate treatment outcomes at a group and an individual level, and RCI could be incorporated into the LHS to generate a progress report automatically for clinicians. We further explained how clinicians could use RCI results to modify a clinical practice, to improve the outcomes of a pain program, and to develop individualized care plans. Lastly, we suggested future research areas to improve the LHS application in pain practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyoung S You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Jeanette L Chong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Sean C Mackey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Heather Poupore-King
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Upsdell A, Fia'ali'i J, Lewis GN, Terry G. Health and illness beliefs regarding pain and pain management of New Zealand resident Sāmoan community leaders: A qualitative interpretive study based on Pasifika paradigms. Health Promot J Austr 2024; 35:724-733. [PMID: 37749071 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Ethnic disparities in chronic pain exist in Aotearoa New Zealand, including a greater impact of pain, less access to chronic pain services and less benefit from treatment for Pasifika people. This study investigated Sāmoan health perceptions and beliefs in relation to pain and how it is managed. METHODS An interpretive descriptive study was undertaken involving interviews with nine Sāmoan key informants from Aotearoa New Zealand. Interviews explored their beliefs in relation to interpretations of pain and experiences of and preferences for pain management. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Four main themes were constructed from the data. Pain is interpreted holistically described the attribution of pain to many causes, without limitation to physiological explanations. Stoicism is a character virtue described the predominant belief that pain should be endured without display or complaint. Strength in connectivity described the inherent pain coping strategies that are present within Sāmoan communities. To improve healthcare is to nurture vā described the disconnect Sāmoan people feel from healthcare services and the need to foster relationships to improve health delivery. CONCLUSIONS Sāmoan people have beliefs and perceptions about pain and its management that extend beyond traditional Western interpretations. While pain is often endured using traditional strengths within the 'āīga (family) and community, the Sāmoan community faces challenges in receiving healthcare from mainstream pain services. SO WHAT?: Clinicians need to foster stronger relationships with Sāmoan individuals and their 'āīga and appreciate the wider psychosocial context of pain, including spirituality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Upsdell
- Chronic Pain Service, Te Whatu Ora Counties-Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jessee Fia'ali'i
- Chronic Pain Service, Te Whatu Ora Counties-Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gwyn N Lewis
- Department of Physiotherapy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gareth Terry
- Centre for Person Centred Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Nielsen SS, Christensen JR, Søndergaard J, Surrow S, Enemark Larsen A, Skou ST, Simonÿ C. "It has changed my picture of myself": how did females living with chronic pain perceive the impact of the standard pain rehabilitation, including the occupational therapy lifestyle intervention REVEAL(OT)? Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:2777-2788. [PMID: 37410586 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2230127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated patient perceptions of multidisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation, including the occupational therapy lifestyle management program REVEAL(OT), on everyday life with chronic pain. METHODS Individual interviews were conducted using video conferencing after completing multidisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation. The interviews followed a semi-structured interview guide and investigated patient experiences with occupational therapy-supported health behavior transformation. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed iteratively using an inductive semantic data-driven approach inspired by Braun & Clarke's methodology. RESULTS Five females, 34 to 58 years old, revealed three common themes: To discover oneself anew; Increased energy and calmness; and Look into the future. The themes reflected transformations towards a healthier lifestyle through enhanced self-control, developing meaningful and secure everyday activities, and gaining reaffirmed dignity. The study also identified the participants' need for professional assistance to cope with the pain after discharge. CONCLUSIONS Chronic pain rehabilitation that included an occupational therapy intervention supported health behavior transformation and chronic pain self-management in females, where meaningful daily occupations and physical activity played an important role. Individually tailored support, also available after chronic pain rehabilitation, would benefit the transformation process towards improved pain coping in females.Implications for rehabilitationPersonal gains for health and well-being may develop over a shorter or longer time after chronic pain rehabilitation.Targeting daily occupations and physical activity during chronic pain rehabilitation appears meaningful for females living with chronic pain.Progression from an individual to group approach can be relevant in planning chronic pain rehabilitation, but the individual capacities shall be considered.Male perspectives on chronic pain rehabilitation that includes focus on daily occupations and lifestyle need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Solgaard Nielsen
- The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Naestved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse Hospital, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Reffstrup Christensen
- User Perspectives and Community-based Interventions, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Signe Surrow
- Center for Rehabilitation and Emergency Care Bystaevneparken, Copenhagen Municipality, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Enemark Larsen
- Department of Therapy and Midwifery Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren T Skou
- The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Naestved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse Hospital, Denmark
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Simonÿ
- The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Naestved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse Hospital, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Linkiewich D, Dib KC, Forgeron PA, Dick BD, McMurtry CM. Roadmap to the 'Chronic Pain GPS for Adolescents' Intervention: Content and Design Considerations for a Group Peer Support Intervention. Clin J Pain 2024; 40:288-298. [PMID: 38303597 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A biopsychosocial approach to understanding and treating pain is crucial; however, there are limited socially targeted interventions for adolescents with chronic pain (ACP). Peer support interventions implemented with other populations are associated with positive outcomes. ACPs perceive peer support to have high potential value. This study explored the preferences of ACP regarding the content and design of a group peer support intervention. METHODS Fourteen ACP (M age : 15.21 y; 9 females; 3 males, 1 nonbinary, and 1 gender questioning) completed a virtual interview and survey. Interviews were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis, and surveys were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Adolescents described how they want to both talk and do activities together within a fun and casual environment with a facilitator present-ideally, someone with lived experience of chronic pain. Preferences were for a medium-sized group intervention that was in-person, at a consistent time on a weekday after school, and semi-structured. Barriers to attending and engaging in the potential group peer intervention were also discussed. DISCUSSION ACPs desire a facilitated socially focused intervention that provides them with the opportunity to spend time with other ACPs. A group peer support environment where ACPs can provide and receive peer support through sharing their experiences with others who understand them as well as engage in activities was described. The findings from this study provide insights for the development of a group peer support intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruce D Dick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Psychiatry & Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Meghan McMurtry
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Ljungvall H, Ekselius L, Åsenlöf P. Reliability, construct validity, and factorial structure of a Swedish version of the medical outcomes study social support survey (MOS-SSS) in patients with chronic pain. Scand J Pain 2024; 24:sjpain-2023-0002. [PMID: 37712773 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS). METHODS Standard forward-backward translation was used. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among treatment seeking individuals with chronic pain included in a clinical cohort. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's α, test-retest reliability was examined with intraclass correlation, confirmatory factor analyses was used for examining factor structure, and correlations between the MOS-SSS and selected health validity measures were used for testing concurrent validity hypotheses. RESULTS 182 participants were included in the study. Internal consistency measured with Cronbach's alpha was acceptable for all subscales and for the total support index of the MOS-SSS. Test-retest reliability was moderate - good for the different subscales, and was good for the overall support index. The original four factor model of the MOS-SSS was confirmed, and the concurrent validity hypotheses were also confirmed; however, the associations were weaker than expected. CONCLUSIONS The Swedish version of the MOS-SSS was found psychometrically sound and offers a systematic assessment of social support in specialized pain care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Ljungvall
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Social Work, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Ekselius
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Åsenlöf
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Castarlenas E, Galán S, Solé E, Roy R, Sánchez-Rodríguez E, Jensen MP, Miró J. Perceived Stress, Perceived Social Support, and Global Health in Adults with Chronic Pain. Int J Behav Med 2023:10.1007/s12529-023-10250-6. [PMID: 38129718 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is a common problem in adults that can have a significant impact on individuals' quality of life and on society. The complex pain experience emerges from a dynamic combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Previous research has shown that social support has positive effects on health-related outcomes through two mechanisms: direct-effects and stress-buffering effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the role that perceived stress, perceived social support, and their interaction play as predictors of global physical health and global mental health in adults with chronic pain. METHOD One hundred sixty-five adults with chronic pain completed measures of pain, perceived stress, perceived social support, global physical health, and global mental health. RESULTS Perceived stress but not perceived social support made a significant and independent contribution to the prediction of global physical health; both perceived stress and perceived social support made independent contributions to the prediction of global mental health. The perceived stress × perceived social support interaction did not make a significant contribution to the prediction of either criterion variable. The results suggested that perceived stress has an impact on both global physical and mental health, whereas perceived social support associated mostly with global mental health. In addition, perceived social support does not appear to moderate the impact of stress on global physical and mental health. CONCLUSION The findings are more consistent with a direct-effects model than a stress-buffering model of social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Castarlenas
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Santiago Galán
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ester Solé
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rubén Roy
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mark P Jensen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jordi Miró
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain.
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Papianou LN, Wilson JM, Edwards RR, Sieberg CB, Meints SM. The mediating effect of social functioning on the relationship between catastrophizing and pain among patients with chronic low back pain. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2023; 24:1244-1250. [PMID: 37399110 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pain catastrophizing can be characterized as an interpersonal form of coping used to elicit support or empathy from others. Despite intentions of increasing support, catastrophizing can impair social functioning. While considerable work has addressed the relationship between catastrophizing and pain, limited empirical work has examined this relationship within a social context. First, we examined the role of catastrophizing as a potential contributor to group differences (chronic low back pain [cLBP] vs pain-free controls) in social functioning. Then we conducted a follow-up, exploratory analysis to examine the relationships between catastrophizing, social functioning, and pain within the subgroup of participants with cLBP. METHODS In this observational study, participants with cLBP (N = 62) and pain-free controls (N = 79) completed validated measures of pain, social functioning, and pain catastrophizing. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine whether catastrophizing mediated group differences (cLBP vs controls) in social functioning. A follow-up, exploratory mediation analysis then tested whether social functioning mediated the association between catastrophizing and pain within the subgroup of cLBP participants. RESULTS Participants with cLBP reported higher levels of pain, impaired social functioning, and higher catastrophizing compared to pain-free controls. Catastrophizing partially mediated the group difference in impaired social functioning. Additionally, social functioning mediated the association between higher catastrophizing and greater pain within the subgroup of cLBP participants. CONCLUSIONS We showed that impaired social functioning was driving the relationship between higher pain catastrophizing and worse pain among participants with cLBP. Interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, should address catastrophizing in individuals with cLBP, while simultaneously improving social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Papianou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jenna M Wilson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Christine B Sieberg
- Biobehavioral Pain Innovations Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Samantha M Meints
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Franqueiro AR, Yoon J, Crago MA, Curiel M, Wilson JM. The Interconnection Between Social Support and Emotional Distress Among Individuals with Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4389-4399. [PMID: 37915959 PMCID: PMC10617401 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s410606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a public health concern affecting over 100 million U.S. adults. Because chronic pain is multifactorial, it requires a biopsychosocial approach to understand how biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to both the development and maintenance of pain. On average, individuals with chronic pain report higher levels of emotional distress compared to pain-free individuals. Research has demonstrated that social support is associated with better pain outcomes and less emotional distress. It has been proposed that social support may improve pain outcomes by reducing the influence of stressors. However, the majority of research exploring the relationships between social support and pain-related outcomes has focused on the direct relationship between these variables, largely overlooking the process by which social support has a positive influence on pain. This narrative review synthesizes research on how chronic pain, emotional distress, and social support are highly interconnected, yet research investigating chronic pain and emotional distress within a social context is limited. We then highlight disparities in chronic pain, such that the burden of chronic pain is unequal between demographic groups. Next, we discuss existing evidence for the use of group-based interventions to address pain-related outcomes. Lastly, we summarize limitations of prior research studies and highlight gaps in the current literature. Overall, longitudinal research comprehensively investigating the distinct nuances in the measurement of social support and how these nuances relate to emotional distress and pain outcomes is needed and may provide insight into the unique needs of individuals or subgroups. Further, demographically diverse randomized controlled trials are needed to identify the process by which group-based interventions improve pain outcomes and whether these interventions are more effective for particular groups in order to personalize treatment approaches and address inequities in pain care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Franqueiro
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - JiHee Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Madelyn A Crago
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marie Curiel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jenna M Wilson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Linkiewich D, Dib KC, Forgeron PA, Dick BD, McMurtry CM. Perceptions of Adolescents With Chronic Pain About Peer Support: Reflexive Thematic Analysis. J Pediatr Psychol 2023; 48:655-663. [PMID: 36860181 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social challenges are a common experience for adolescents with chronic pain. Group peer support for these adolescents could be a promising intervention; however, no studies have focused exclusively on the peer support needs of this population. The present study addressed this gap in the literature. METHODS Adolescents with chronic pain between 12 and 17 years of age completed a virtual interview and demographics questionnaire. Interviews were analyzed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Fourteen adolescents (Mage: 15.21 years; 9 females; 3 males, 1 nonbinary, 1 gender questioning) with chronic pain participated. Three themes were generated: "Being Misunderstood," "They Would Understand Me," and "Moving Forward Together in Our Pain Journeys." Adolescents with chronic pain feel misunderstood and under supported by their peers without pain leading to feeling "othered" by having to explain their pain, yet not feeling free to talk about their pain with friends. Adolescents with chronic pain expressed that peer support would provide the forms of social support they are missing amongst their friends without pain as well as companionship and a sense of belonging due to shared knowledge and experiences. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with chronic pain desire peer support from others like themselves, highlighting the challenges in their everyday friendships as the impetus for this support, as well as their anticipated short- and long-term benefits, including learning from their peers and developing new friendships. Findings indicate that adolescents with chronic pain may benefit from group peer support. Findings will inform the development of a peer support intervention for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruce D Dick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Psychiatry & Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Canada
| | - C Meghan McMurtry
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Canada
- McMaster Children's Hospital and Department of Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Canada
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Cáceres-Matos R, Gil-García E, Vázquez-Santiago S, Cabrera-León A. Factors that influence the impact of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain on daily life: A partial least squares modelling approach. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 138:104383. [PMID: 36481597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Non-Cancer Pain is pain of more than three months' duration and is not associated with an oncological condition. There is ample literature that recognises that Chronic Non-Cancer Pain impacts numerous areas of the life of the person who suffers from it. This impact is difficult to determine and quantify because Chronic Pain is a subjective experience. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test a recursive model of hypothesised factors that comprise the concept of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Impact on daily life using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample size was calculated using G*Power V.3.1.9.4 with five parameters (two-tailed, large effect size (f2 = 0.35), power of 0.95, statistical significance of 95% (α = 0.05) and 36 predictors). The minimum number of subjects was considered to be 137. METHODS A recursive model was built based on data from a sample of 395 people over 18 years of age with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain. Data collection was conducted between January and March 2020 at Pain Units and Primary Healthcare Centres belonging to the Spanish Public Health System in the province of Seville (Spain). Analyses were based on Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling. The internal consistency, convergent validity and discriminant validity of the internal measurement model were assessed. For the external measurement model, global model adjustment and structural validity were assessed. The predictive capacity of the final model was also evaluated. All analyses were performed using SmartPLS version 3.3.2 in consistent mode. RESULTS Findings showed an adequate validity of the proposed model, which comprised nine factors: pain catastrophising, hopelessness due to pain, support network, proactivity, treatment compliance, self-care, mobility, resilience, and sleep. The internal validity of the model (Cronbach's alpha and rho_A > 0.70; Average Variance Extracted>0.50; standardised outer loadings>0.60; Heterotrait-Monotrait-Ratio < 0.85), goodness of fit (Standardised Root Mean Square Residuals<0.08; Geodesic and Euclidean distance p-value<0.05) and predictive power with out-of-sample values (Stone-Geisser test>0.5) were adequate. The hypothesised structure of the instrument has also been confirmed (path coefficients>0.3; R2 > 0.1; f2 > 0.2). CONCLUSIONS The results have shown an adequate internal consistency, convergent validity and discriminant validity of the model. Likewise, the model has shown an adequate goodness of fit, and the validity of its structure and the hypothesis have been confirmed. However, more research is needed in this regard as the possible interaction between the different factors evaluated in the model with the confounding or moderating variables that may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Cáceres-Matos
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 6 Avenzoar ST, RI 41009, Seville, Spain.
| | - Eugenia Gil-García
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 6 Avenzoar ST, RI 41009, Seville, Spain.
| | - Soledad Vázquez-Santiago
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 6 Avenzoar ST, RI 41009, Seville, Spain.
| | - Andrés Cabrera-León
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Cuesta del Observatorio, 4, RI 18011, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Consortium in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos Avenue, 3-5, RI 28029, Madrid, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avda. de Madrid, 15, RI 18012, Granada, Spain.
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Ali YCMM, Gouvêa ÀL, Oliveira MSD, Martini S, Ashmawi HA, Salvetti MDG. Brief interprofessional intervention for chronic pain management: a pilot study. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2022; 56:e20210450. [PMID: 35770891 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0450en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the effects of a brief interprofessional intervention for chronic pain management. METHODS Before and after pilot study. The brief interprofessional intervention had a psychoeducational focus and was based on the Self-Efficacy Theory, using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy strategies. The intervention aimed to improve the management of chronic pain. It was conducted in group, over six weeks, with a two-hour weekly meeting, including educational strategies on pain management, stretching, and relaxation techniques. Self-efficacy, pain intensity, disability, fatigue, and depressive symptoms were assessed. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test and Pearson's correlation. RESULTS Adults with moderate to severe pain took part in the study. Post-intervention analysis showed significant improvement in self-efficacy (p = 0.004) and significant reduction in pain intensity (p = 0.024), disability (p = 0.012), fatigue (p = 0.001), and depressive symptoms (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION The effects of brief interprofessional intervention were positive for chronic pain management. We suggest the conduction of studies with more robust designs and a larger sample to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Àquila Lopes Gouvêa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Santos de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara Martini
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hazem Adel Ashmawi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Anestesiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina de Góes Salvetti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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McKernan LC, Finn MTM, Crofford LJ, Kelly AG, Patterson DR, Jensen MP. Delivery of a Group Hypnosis Protocol for Managing Chronic Pain in Outpatient Integrative Medicine. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2022; 70:227-250. [PMID: 35834408 PMCID: PMC9420809 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2022.2096455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although strong evidence exists for using individual hypnosis to treat pain, evidence regarding group applications is limited. This project evaluated changes in multiple outcome measures in persons with chronic pain treated with 8 weeks of group hypnosis. Eighty-five adults with diverse chronic pain etiologies completed an 8-session, structured group hypnosis treatment. Pain intensity, pain interference, and global health were evaluated at baseline, posttreatment, and 3- and 6-months posttreatment. Linear mixed effects models assessed changes in outcomes over time. In a model testing, all three outcome measures simultaneously, participants improved substantially from pre- to posttreatment and maintained improvement across follow-up. Analyses of individual outcomes showed significant pre- to posttreatment reductions in pain intensity and interference, which were maintained for pain intensity and continued to improve for pain interference across follow-up. The findings provide compelling preliminary evidence that a group format is an effective delivery system for teaching individual skills in using hypnosis for chronic pain management. Larger randomized controlled trials are warranted to demonstrate equivalence of outcomes between treatment modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey C McKernan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael T M Finn
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - A Gracie Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David R Patterson
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Mark P Jensen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
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13
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Hickman B, Pourkazemi F, Pebdani RN, Hiller CE, Fong Yan A. Dance for chronic pain conditions: A Systematic Review. PAIN MEDICINE 2022; 23:2022-2041. [PMID: 35736401 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Globally, 20-25% of people will experience chronic pain in their lifetime. Dance is a physical activity with psychosocial benefits which may positively impact pain. This review aimed to investigate the effect of dance interventions on the experience of pain, by quantitative measures and qualitative themes. METHODS Seven major databases were searched from inception to January 2021. Two independent reviewers screened articles at each stage. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included if the dance interventions lasted over 6 weeks, participants reported pain longer than 3 months, and pain was an outcome of the study. All articles were critically appraised using appropriate Joanna Briggs Institute tools and data were collated using results-based convergent synthesis. RESULTS From 23,628 articles 34 full papers were included, with a total of 1254 participants (75.2% female). Studies predominantly investigated individuals with Fibromyalgia (26%) and generalised chronic pain (14%), with aerobic dance (20.7%) and Biodanza (20.7%) the most common dance genres investigated. Overall, 74% of studies noted either reduced pain through quantitative pain measures or qualitative themes of improved pain experience (88% for chronic primary pain and 80% for chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain). DISCUSSION There were positive effects of dance on chronic primary and secondary musculoskeletal pain across diverse populations. A variety of study designs and interventions noted improved pain measures and themes around pain coping and acceptance, with all dance therapies showing improvements, particularly when performed for 60-150 minutes duration weekly. Dance should be considered as an effective adjunct in the management of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hickman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fereshteh Pourkazemi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roxanna N Pebdani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire E Hiller
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alycia Fong Yan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Bourke MJ, Ferguson D, Cooke M. Patient Experiences of Self-Management for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Qualitative Study. Phys Ther 2022; 102:6556165. [PMID: 35358311 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a lifelong condition causing disability and distress. One aim of treatment is to enhance self-management. To date, self-management interventions have had limited effectiveness. A greater understanding of self-management for CLBP has the potential to improve future interventional trials. The purpose of this study was to identify the experience of CLBP self-management for patients attending outpatient physical therapy and assess how the experience of CLBP self-management changes over time. METHODS This qualitative study used constructivist grounded theory. Patients with CLBP who were attending an outpatient physical therapy department were recruited using convenience sampling. Each participant attended a semistructured interview. These were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were coded and thematically analyzed by the lead researcher. Recruitment continued until data saturation. Participants reviewed preliminary themes for validation. RESULTS Six subthemes emerged from 9 interviews: (1) self-doubt, (2) coping day to day, (3) independent discovery, (4) developing resilience, (5) health care: opportunity and threat, and (6) living with pain differently. Two themes took on greatest significance. Self-doubt appeared most strongly and was prevalent in all experiences. However, living with pain differently appeared in those who had developed a level of pain acceptance. These themes formed a conceptual model, "Fluctuating Uncertainty." CONCLUSION The experience of CLBP self-management is one of fluctuating self-doubt. Self-doubt is the predominant experience and is characterized by the perception of pain as a threat and low pain self-efficacy. During times of greater clarity, individuals develop strategies that increase pain self-efficacy and reinforce the perception of pain without threat. These are features of learning to live well with pain. IMPACT CLBP is a lifelong condition requiring self-management. The current study characterizes the self-management strategies used by patients attending physical therapy. The fluctuating nature of these strategies is dependent upon perception of pain and pain self-efficacy. LAY SUMMARY People with CLBP who self-manage their pain fluctuate between attempting to control pain and learning to live with pain. People who understand their condition develop wider-ranging self-management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice John Bourke
- Department of Physiotherapy, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Diarmaid Ferguson
- Department of Physiotherapy, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mary Cooke
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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15
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Finlay KA, Madhani A, Anil K, Peacock SM. Patient-to-Patient Interactions During the Pain Management Programme: The Role of Humor and Venting in Building a Socially Supportive Community. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:875720. [PMID: 35571144 PMCID: PMC9091594 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.875720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Social support is most positively perceived when there is an optimal match between a patient's need for communication and the purpose of their interaction. Maladaptive communication patterns may inhibit social bonding or mutual support, negatively impacting clinical outcomes. This study aimed to identify how people with chronic pain naturalistically converse together about their pain in the context of a Pain Management Programme (PMP). Methods Seven participants (4 females; 3 males) with ongoing chronic pain who were attending a PMP in a regional hospital in the United Kingdom were audio/video recorded during breaks in their PMP. Interactions were transcribed using Jeffersonian Transcription and analyzed using Conversation Analysis. Results Two conversational mechanisms were identified: (1) Conversational humor; and (2) A venting cycle. Participants used their pain-related experiences construct a motive for a joke, then proceeded to deliver the joke, which initiated a joke return from observers. The sequence was completed by a collaborative punchline. In the venting cycle, an initial complaint was escalated by the sharing of comparable experiences, after which the vent was concluded through a joke punchline, acting as a pivot to move the conversation forwards, terminating the venting. Conclusions Humorous interpersonal interactions about chronic pain provided a forum for social support-building within the PMP. Humor was affiliative and built social collaboration, helping individuals to together make sense of their pain in a prosocial atmosphere, approaching pain-related experiences with levity. Patient-to-patient interactions within the PMP were strongly prosocial and inclusive, potentially facilitating enhanced PMP clinical outcomes through collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Finlay
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Katherine A. Finlay
| | - Adam Madhani
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Krithika Anil
- Peninsula Allied Health Centre, School of Health Professions, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Sue M. Peacock
- Pain in the Mind, Independent Practice, The Saxon Clinic, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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16
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Ali YCMM, Gouvêa ÀL, Oliveira MSD, Martini S, Ashmawi HA, Salvetti MDG. Intervenção interprofissional breve para manejo da dor crônica: estudo piloto. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0450pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Testar os efeitos de uma intervenção interprofissional breve para manejo da dor crônica. Método: Estudo piloto do tipo antes e depois. A intervenção interprofissional breve teve enfoque psicoeducativo e foi baseada na Teoria da Autoeficácia, com utilização de estratégias da Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental. A finalidade da intervenção foi melhorar o manejo da dor crônica. Realizada em grupo, ao longo de seis semanas, com um encontro semanal de duas horas, incluindo estratégias educativas sobre manejo da dor, alongamento e técnicas de relaxamento. Autoeficácia, intensidade da dor, incapacidade, fadiga e sintomas depressivos foram avaliados. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste t-pareado e correlação de Pearson. Resultados: Participaram do estudo adultos com dor moderada a intensa. A análise pós-intervenção mostrou melhora significativa da autoeficácia (p = 0,004) e redução significativa da intensidade da dor (p = 0,024), incapacidade (p = 0,012), fadiga (p = 0,001) e sintomas depressivos (p = 0,042). Conclusão: Os efeitos da intervenção interprofissional breve foram positivos para manejo da dor crônica. Sugere-se estudos com desenhos mais robustos e amostra ampliada para confirmar estes achados.
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18
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Yu CY, Wang JH, Wang LW, Wang TJ, Liang SY, Wu SF, Lu YY. The influence of opioid-taking self-efficacy and social support on pain management satisfaction in outpatients with cancer pain. Support Care Cancer 2021; 30:805-812. [PMID: 34389908 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the correlations between patients' opioid-taking self-efficacy, social support, and their pain management satisfaction, and to evaluate the effect of social support and opioid-taking self-efficacy in explaining the variance in pain management satisfaction. METHODS We used a cross-sectional and correlational research design and recruited 123 cancer patients via convenience sampling. We used the following instruments: the Opioid-Taking Self-Efficacy Scale, the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behavior, and the Chinese version of the Pain Treatment Satisfaction Scale. RESULTS There were significant and negative correlations between opioid-taking self-efficacy and pain management satisfaction (r = - .43, p < .001) and between social support and pain management satisfaction (r = - .47, p < .001). Using a hierarchical regression analysis, social support and opioid-taking self-efficacy explained 17.20% and 5.20%, respectively, of the variance in pain management satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirm the importance of social support and opioid-taking self-efficacy in influencing pain management satisfaction. We recommend that professional care providers develop relevant intervention aimed at improving patients' pain management satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Yao Yu
- Nursing Department, Cardinal Tien Hospital, 362, Zhongzheng Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23148, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hua Wang
- Changhua Nursing Home, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 1 Hugang Rd., Changhua City, Changhua Country, 500040, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Road., Beitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Tsae-Jyy Wang
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 365 Ming Te Road, Beitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Liang
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 365 Ming Te Road, Beitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Fang Wu
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 365 Ming Te Road, Beitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lu
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 365 Ming Te Road, Beitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
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Marcinow M, Sandercock J, D'Silva C, Daien D, Ellis C, Dias C, Mansfield E. Making sense of symptoms, clinicians and systems: a qualitative evaluation of a facilitated support group for patients with medically unexplained symptoms. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2021; 22:142. [PMID: 34210272 PMCID: PMC8252243 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Health services to date have inadequately addressed the physical and mental health needs of patients with medically unexplained symptoms. This qualitative study evaluates a piloted facilitated support group (FSG) developed for patients with medically unexplained symptoms to inform recommendations and resources for this patient population. Methods Using a qualitative descriptive design, we conducted and thematically analyzed semi-structured interviews with participants (n = 8) and facilitators (n = 4) to explore their experiences of the facilitated support group. Common themes that captured strengths and challenges of the facilitated support group were identified. Results The following key themes were identified through analysis of the data: Participants described 1) feeling validated through sharing similar experiences with peers; 2) learning practical symptom management and coping strategies; and 3) gaining new perspectives for navigating conversations with PCPs. Conclusions Our findings show that a facilitated support group may provide additional forms of support and resources for patients with medically unexplained symptoms, filling a gap in currently available clinical care offered by health care professionals. Potential implications: This paper highlights lessons learned that can inform the design and delivery of future supports and resources directed toward optimizing patient care for this underserved patient population. Our findings are relevant to those who are involved in direct patient care or involved in designing and implementing self-management programs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12875-021-01495-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Marcinow
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Administrative Building - 6th Floor, 100 Queensway West, Mississauga, ON, L5B 1B8, Canada.
| | - Jane Sandercock
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Administrative Building - 6th Floor, 100 Queensway West, Mississauga, ON, L5B 1B8, Canada
| | - Chelsea D'Silva
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Administrative Building - 6th Floor, 100 Queensway West, Mississauga, ON, L5B 1B8, Canada
| | - David Daien
- Family Medicine, Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, 100 Queensway West, Mississauga, ON, L5B 1B8, Canada
| | - Carly Ellis
- Strategic Projects, Trillium Health Partners, 100 Queensway West, Mississauga, ON, L5B 1B8, Canada
| | - Christine Dias
- Medical Psychiatry Alliance, Trillium Health Partners, 100 Queensway West, Mississauga, ON, L5B 1B8, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Mansfield
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Administrative Building - 6th Floor, 100 Queensway West, Mississauga, ON, L5B 1B8, Canada.,Department of Occupational Health, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
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20
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Farr M, Brant H, Patel R, Linton MJ, Ambler N, Vyas S, Wedge H, Watkins S, Horwood J. Experiences of patient-led chronic pain peer support groups after pain management programmes: A qualitative study. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 22:2884-2895. [PMID: 34180996 PMCID: PMC8665998 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A qualitative study of patients' experiences and the impacts of peer support groups that patients maintained after UK NHS group pain management programmes (PMPs). DESIGN Long-term impacts of group PMPs remain unclear, with indications that positive effects can fade. We evaluated a model of continued peer support, co-produced by patients and clinicians, to maintain the therapeutic impact of PMP groups. A protocol was implemented that encouraged patients to continue to meet in their established PMP group for patient-led peer support (without clinical input) after PMPs finished. Peer support aimed to consolidate self-management, and advance social life recovery. We examined the impacts that groups had on attendees, and why some dropped out. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 38 patients and 7 clinicians, analysed thematically. RESULTS Friendship bonds and mutual understandings of effective ways of coping with pain encouraged participants to maintain recovery following PMPs. After PMP professional involvement has ended, these meetings enabled patients to develop greater agency from the shared sense of helping bring about new achievements or averting setbacks. Peer support extended the understanding of what is possible when living with pain. However, continuing meetings were not right for all. Reasons for not attending included lack of connection with peers. CONCLUSIONS Co-produced peer support groups after PMPs can be a low-cost, effective social intervention, providing emotional, practical and social benefits, with improved self-management skills, stronger social connections and some reduced use of health services. Project resources for developing peer support meetings after PMPs are freely available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Farr
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Heather Brant
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rita Patel
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Myles-Jay Linton
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nick Ambler
- Pain Management Service, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Sareeta Vyas
- Pain Management Service, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.,Trainee Clinical Psychologist, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, Floor F, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT
| | - Hannah Wedge
- Pain Management Service, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.,Trainee Clinical Psychologist, Clinical Psychology, Cardiff University, 11th Floor, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT
| | - Sue Watkins
- Pain Management Service, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeremy Horwood
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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21
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Formulation of Themes in Qualitative Research: Logical Procedures and Analytical Paths. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43076-020-00052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Roenne PF, Horn NS, Hansen CA. Involvement of relatives in chronic non-malignant pain rehabilitation at multidisciplinary pain centres: part one - the patient perspective. Scand J Pain 2020; 21:81-94. [PMID: 33583169 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2019-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic non-malignant pain (CNP) is a significant healthcare problem with considerable consequences for patients, relatives and society. CNP is a lifelong condition that calls for acceptance and self-management. Existing research indicates that the involvement of relatives improves patients' and relatives' management of CNP, but the area is, at present, scarcely described. Research is required to obtain knowledge about the patients' experiences, needs and preferences concerning the involvement of their relatives within the frame of CNP rehabilitation, which is the aim of this study. METHODS The study applied a qualitative phenomenological-hermeneutic design conducting individual interviews with 10 patients with CNP from three selected Multidisciplinary Pain Centres (MPC). The analysis was guided by Paul Ricoeur's philosophy of interpretation of the text. RESULTS The findings illuminated the patients' perspectives on the involvement of relatives within three key themes, each having two or three sub-themes. The analysis revealed that patients in CNP rehabilitation had various interpretations of the substance of involving relatives, reflecting their sparse experiences. It seemed arbitrary, who during the rehabilitation actually experienced the involvement of their relatives, leaving the impression of an area short of structure. This shortage was troublesome, due to a heartrending impact of CNP. Patients' reduced functional level, combined with their surroundings difficulties in grasping the magnitude of CNP led to a loss of relationships and a risk of social isolation. Patients' close relationships became essential but were under pressure as well. Patients living with a spouse/cohabitant experienced that the relationship was affected by a disrupted balance and pain-related emotional outbursts. The patients experienced a profound need for being understood, but the text also revealed a need for mutual understanding to acknowledge the relatives' strain as well. Particular patients with children living at home experienced to be under great strain, complicated by a deep concern for long-term consequences for their children growing up influenced by parental CNP. Experienced involvement of relatives, even to a minor extend was perceived as beneficial for the patients, who experienced increased understanding and support from the relatives. However, due to the lack of a structured service, the patients' access to the involvement of relatives became dependent on their ability to define their need and pick it out. Thus the patients also expressed a general preference for mandatory and structured involvement, yet tailored to the specific patient. CONCLUSIONS The study showed an overwhelming need for the involvement of relatives among patients with CNP, indicating that increased attention and investigation of relevant interventions are required. Despite differences between the MPC, our primary impression was that the involvement of relatives reached a minimal level of what was expected, which might entail desertion of patients scarce of resources. Individualised adjusted involvement of relatives is assumed to improve patient's management of CNP in everyday life. A family systems nursing (FSN) approach is a relevant proposal for intervention, useful in other illness areas. Still, research needs to shed light on the appropriateness of FSN when involving relatives in the rehabilitation of CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Friis Roenne
- Department of Anaesthesia, Respiratory Support and Pain, the Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 15, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Nadija Schwartz Horn
- Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Department of Anaesthesia, Respiratory Support and Pain, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Carrinna Aviaja Hansen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Respiratory Support and Pain, the Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 15, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600 Koege, Denmark
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23
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Vader K, Patel R, Doulas T, Miller J. Promoting Participation in Physical Activity and Exercise Among People Living with Chronic Pain: A Qualitative Study of Strategies Used by People with Pain and Their Recommendations for Health Care Providers. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2020; 21:625-635. [PMID: 31592526 PMCID: PMC7060401 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnz246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore strategies used by people living with chronic pain when participating in physical activity and exercise and their recommendations for health care providers when promoting participation in physical activity and exercise. DESIGN Interpretive description qualitative study. SETTING Participants were recruited from primary care sites and a hospital-based chronic pain clinic in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. SUBJECTS Adults (>18 years of age) who self-identified as experiencing chronic pain (three months' duration) were interviewed. METHODS In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with participants. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and reviewed for accuracy by the interviewer. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Peer debriefing, reflexivity, and multiple in-person meetings were used to establish trustworthiness. RESULTS Sixteen adults (five men, 11 women) with a median age of 53 years were interviewed. Strategies used by people living with chronic pain to participate in physical activity and exercise included 1) finding the motivation, 2) setting up for success, 3) leveraging social support, and 4) managing pain and discomfort during activity. Recommendations for health care providers when promoting participation in physical activity and exercise for people living with chronic pain included 1) the importance of listening, 2) providing tailored advice, 3) being supportive, and 4) making physical activity and exercise programming accessible. CONCLUSIONS People living with chronic pain reported using multiple strategies to participate in physical activity and exercise. Recommendations for health care providers centered on the importance of listening and taking a supportive approach when promoting engagement in physical activity and exercise for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Vader
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Chronic Pain Clinic, Kingston Health Sciences Centre-Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rupa Patel
- Kingston Community Health Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Tom Doulas
- Chronic Pain Clinic, Kingston Health Sciences Centre-Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Miller
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Cardinali P, Migliorini L, Rania N. The Caregiving Experiences of Fathers and Mothers of Children With Rare Diseases in Italy: Challenges and Social Support Perceptions. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1780. [PMID: 31428029 PMCID: PMC6690318 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Family caregiving is a growing phenomenon with the increased prevalence of chronic illness and shorter hospitalizations. Rare diseases pose significant challenges not only to patients living with these kinds of pathologies but also to those who care for these patients. The caregiving role has specific characteristics. The present work aims to increase knowledge of the challenges that are common or specific to fathers and mothers of children diagnosed with a rare disease. Moreover, the paper analyses the kinds of social support they experience according to gender. A descriptive study was conducted using grounded theory methodology. A semi-structured interview with open-ended questions was conducted with 15 parents of children with a rare disease. The interview was organized into three main areas: personal experiences in caring for a child with a rare disease, family changes and perceived social support. The transcriptions were analyzed using NVivo 11 software. From data analysis, themes emerged regarding the challenges shared by fathers and mothers, but some aspects also emerged that were gender-specific. The analyses of differences between mothers' and fathers' narratives showed that there is a specific experience of the impact that caregiving has on parents' relationships with their jobs and on their worries. Self-help group is the main source of social support for all respondents. We discuss these findings in relation to possible appropriate specific interventions and support for family caregiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cardinali
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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