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Lohaus D, Habermann W, Nachreiner M. Sickness presenteeism explained by balancing perceived positive and negative effects. Front Psychol 2022; 13:963560. [PMID: 36092041 PMCID: PMC9455224 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.963560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the ever-growing body of research on sickness presenteeism, studies of perceived consequences are scarce and equally rare are joint considerations of beneficial and harmful effects. This study examined how experienced and expected consequences of the behavior are related to presenteeism. Positive and negative effects were considered simultaneously and comprehensively. This approach allowed us to capture the trade-off process of individuals in deciding to work or call in sick when ill. In a cross-sectional online survey, 591 working adults in Germany rated a thoroughly developed pool of specific experienced or potential consequences of working while sick and gave an overall judgment of effects. The results show that perceptions of effects are consistent with behavior. Individuals who exhibit presenteeism do so primarily because of work-related effects such as the completion of one’s work tasks and the meeting of deadlines. Few specific effects stand out and can largely explain attendance behavior and the overall assessment of effects. The findings are consistent with the assumptions of the health belief model and the expectancy value theory of work motivation and they relate to the health-performance framework. They demonstrated that benefits and costs of the behavior are simultaneously weighed in the decision to engage in presenteeism or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lohaus
- Business Psychology Institute, Social Sciences Faculty, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Malte Nachreiner
- Business Psychology Institute, Social Sciences Faculty, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
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Tan RKJ, Koh WL, Le D, Banerjee S, Chio MTW, Chan RKW, Wong CM, Tai BC, Wong ML, Cook AR, Chen MIC, Wong CS. Effect of a Popular Web Drama Video Series on HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in Singapore: Community-Based, Pragmatic, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e31401. [PMID: 35522470 PMCID: PMC9123545 DOI: 10.2196/31401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are at disproportionately higher risk of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). While HIV/STI testing rates among GBMSM are increasing worldwide, they remain suboptimal in a variety of settings. While many studies have attempted to evaluate the efficacy of a variety of community-based campaigns, including peer and reminder-based interventions on HIV/STI testing, however few have attempted to do so for a web drama series. Objective This study evaluates the effectiveness of a popular web drama video series developed by a community-based organization in Singapore for GBMSM on HIV and other STI testing behaviors. Methods The study is a pragmatic, randomized controlled trial to evaluate a popular web drama video series developed by a community-based organization in Singapore for GBMSM. A total of 300 HIV-negative, GBMSM men in Singapore aged 18 to 29 years old were recruited and block-randomized into the intervention (n=150) and control arms (n=150). Primary outcomes included changes in self-reported intention to test for, actual testing for, and regularity of testing for HIV, syphilis, chlamydia or gonorrhea, while secondary outcomes include changes in a variety of other knowledge-based and psychosocial measures at the end of the study period. Results Overall, 83.3% (125/150) of participants in the intervention arm completed the proof of completion survey, compared to 88.7% (133/150) in the control arm. We found improvements in self-reporting as a regular (at least yearly) tester for HIV (15.9% difference, 95% CI, 3.2% to 28.6%; P=.02), as well as chlamydia or gonorrhea (15.5% difference, 95% CI, 4.2% to 26.9%; P=.009), indicating that the intervention had positively impacted these outcomes compared to the control condition. We also found improvements in participants’ intentions to test for HIV (16.6% difference, 95% CI, 4.3% to 28.9%; P=.009), syphilis (14.8% difference, 95% CI, 3.2% to 26.4%; P=.01), as well as chlamydia or gonorrhea (15.4% difference, 95% CI, 4.2% to 26.6%; P=.008), in the next 3 months, indicating that the intervention was effective in positively impacting intention for HIV and other STI testing among participants. Conclusions There are clear benefits for promoting intentions to test regularly and prospectively on a broad scale through this intervention. This intervention also has potential to reach GBMSM who may not have access to conventional HIV and other STI prevention messaging, which have typically been implemented at sex-on-premises venues, bars, clubs, and in sexual health settings frequented by GBMSM. When coupled with community or population-wide structural interventions, the overall impact on testing will likely be significant. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04021953; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04021953 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033855
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayner Kay Jin Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wee Ling Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Le
- Action for AIDS Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Martin Tze-Wei Chio
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Infections Control Clinic, National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Christina Misa Wong
- Behavioral, Epidemiological and Clinical Sciences, FHI 360, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Bee Choo Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mee Lian Wong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alex R Cook
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chen Seong Wong
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
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Zampetakis LA, Melas C. The health belief model predicts vaccination intentions against COVID-19: A survey experiment approach. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 13:469-484. [PMID: 33634930 PMCID: PMC8014148 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the COVID‐19 pandemic recognized as a major threat to human health is of paramount importance to improve the vaccination uptake of the future COVID‐19 vaccine. The study extended the health belief model (HBM) using insights from trait theory and events systems theory, to examine the role of beliefs in predicting intentions to be vaccinated against COVID‐19, when a vaccine becomes available. Employees from Greece (N = 1006) participated from October 1 to November 5, 2020, in an anonymous online factorial survey experiment. Measures of dispositional optimism, faith in intuition, risk‐taking propensity, and acquiring resources mindset were included as individual difference variables. Multilevel modeling techniques were used for data analyses. Components of HBM had significant effects on intentions to vaccinate. Two‐way interactions between severity and susceptibility beliefs and three‐way interaction among perceived severity, susceptibility, and perceived benefits were detected. In line with the events systems theory, a critical event moderated beliefs' effects on intention to vaccinate. Acquiring resources mindset emerged as important individual difference that positively related to intentions. The model explained 59 per cent of the variance in vaccination intentions. The study highlighted interaction effects among the HBM components and how critical events may moderate belief effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas A Zampetakis
- Department of Psychology, Applied Psychology Lab, University of Crete, Rethymnon, Greece
| | - Christos Melas
- Department of Nursing, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
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Baros S, Sipetic Grujicic S, Zikic B, Petrovic Atay J. Stigma matters: HIV and HIV risk perception among men who have sex with men in Serbia; a qualitative study. HEALTH RISK & SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13698575.2018.1551991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sladjana Baros
- Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, “Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut” Institute of Public Health of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Bojan Zikic
- Department of Ethnology and Anthropology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Schonnesson LN, Bowen AM, Williams ML. Project SMART: Preliminary Results From a Test of the Efficacy of a Swedish Internet-Based HIV Risk-Reduction Intervention for Men Who Have Sex With Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:1501-1511. [PMID: 26545912 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Sweden, 57 % of HIV transmission occurs among MSM, and other sexually transmitted infections are increasing, supporting the need for innovative interventions. The Internet is a potentially useful HIV-prevention platform, but there is a lack of such programs in Sweden. The purpose of this exploratory study was to test the efficacy of the Internet-based SMART intervention to decrease HIV sexual risks in Swedish MSM. The intervention was adapted from the Wyoming Rural AIDS Prevention Project to the Swedish context, which was guided by the Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) skills model and consisted of six sessions. A total of 112 men responded to a pretest questionnaire and were randomly assigned to the SMART intervention or to a waitlist group. Fifty-four men dropped out, leaving a final sample of 58 participants. Twenty-five were assigned to the SMART intervention and 33 to a waitlist group. One month post intervention, the number of casual anal sex partners significantly decreased (t = 2.19, p = .04). Compared with the waitlist group, men in the intervention group increased their HIV knowledge (β = 0.70, p = .01), their belief of condom use as an act of responsibility (β = 1.19, p = .04), their willingness to use a condom with every new partner all the time (β = 1.39, p = .03), and their confidence in using condoms in challenging situations (β = 1.65, p = .02). Condom use was not analyzed due to the small sample size. Despite the small sample, high drop-out, and short follow-up, the study provides support for the efficacy of the Internet interventions, the SMART intervention specifically, for reducing the proportion of casual anal sex partners and improving the three cognitive components of the IMB model for Swedish MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Nilsson Schonnesson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Södersjukhuset AB, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anne M Bowen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mark L Williams
- Health Policy and Management, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Rizer CA, Fagan MH, Kilmon C, Rath L. The Role of Perceived Stress and Health Beliefs on College Students' Intentions to Practice Mindfulness Meditation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2015.1111176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Li X, Lei Y, Wang H, He G, Williams AB. The Health Belief Model: A Qualitative Study to Understand High-risk Sexual Behavior in Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2015; 27:66-76. [PMID: 26604043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jana.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Health Belief Model (HBM) has been widely used to explain rationales for health risk-taking behaviors. Our qualitative study explored the applicability of the HBM to understand high-risk sexual behavior in Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) and to elaborate each component of the model. HIV knowledge and perception of HIV prevalence contributed to perceived susceptibility. An attitude of treatment optimism versus hard life in reality affected perceived severity. Perceived barriers included discomfort using condoms and condom availability. Perceived benefits included prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted illnesses. Sociocultural cues for Chinese MSM were elaborated according to each component. The results demonstrated that the HBM could be applied to Chinese MSM. When used with this group, it provided information to help develop a population- and disease-specific HBM scale. Results of our study also suggested behavioral interventions that could be used with Chinese MSM to increase condom use.
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Wu AMS, Lau JTF, Ma YL, Lau MMC. Prevalence and associated factors of seasonal influenza vaccination among 24- to 59-month-old children in Hong Kong. Vaccine 2015; 33:3556-61. [PMID: 26044497 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza results in severe complications among 24- to 59-month-old children, who are recommended by the WHO to take up influenza vaccination (IV) annually. Health promotion is warranted. Yet, there is a dearth of studies on IV prevalence and associated factors in this age group. METHODS A random population-based telephone survey interviewed 540 parents of Chinese children aged 24-59 months in Hong Kong during March through June, 2011. Constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and subjective norm formed basis for assessing parental perceptions on influenza and IV. For data analysis, adjusted, and stepwise multiple logistic regression models were fit. RESULTS The prevalence of having taken up at least one dose and two doses of IV among children aged 24-59 months was 58.9 and 42.4%, respectively. Significant associated factors included family members' IV experience (ORu=5.37, 95% CI: 3.48, 8.29), variables related to the HBM constructs (except perceived severity) [perceived susceptibility of seasonal influenza (ORu=2.03, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.95), perceived benefits of IV (ORu=3.11, 95% CI: 2.05, 4.71), perceived barriers (ORu=0.49, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.96) of IV, and cue to action (ORu=4.79, 95% CI: 2.87, 7.99)], supportive subjective norm (ORu=4.26, 95% CI: 2.91, 6.25), and level of fear felt during the H1N1 pandemic (ORu=1.97, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.87). Adjusted for the child's age, the same significant factors were found. Exposure to related media messages was statistically non-significant. CONCLUSION The reported IV prevalence was higher than that of 24- to 59-month-old children reported in other studies. There is room for improvement through health promotion, which should modify parental cognitions related to HBM (except perceived severity and self-efficacy) and involve family members to create subjective norm. Media campaigns may be inadequate for promotion of IV; use of the setting approach may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yee Ling Ma
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mason M C Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Jackson T, Huang A, Chen H, Gao X, Zhong X, Zhang Y. Cognitive, psychosocial, and sociodemographic predictors of willingness to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among Chinese men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav 2012; 16:1853-61. [PMID: 22538373 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-012-0188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify predictors of lower versus higher willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Participants were 570 MSM who completed self-report measures of willingness to use HIV PrEP, beliefs about HIV, psychosocial factors, sexual experiences and sociodemographic characteristics. Results of a hierarchical binary logistic regression analysis indicated that membership in a higher willingness group was predicted by previous consultation about HIV, more reported barriers to using condoms, and elevations in depressive symptoms. Independent of these factors, higher willingness to use HIV PrEP was predicted by beliefs that the intervention was low in stigma and high in potential benefits. In sum, the study highlighted the utility of broad-based assessment of demographic, behavioral, personality, and cognitive factors in identifying Chinese MSM who express willingness to use a promising biologically-based intervention to lower HIV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Jackson
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Gutnik LA, Hakimzada AF, Yoskowitz NA, Patel VL. The role of emotion in decision-making: a cognitive neuroeconomic approach towards understanding sexual risk behavior. J Biomed Inform 2006; 39:720-36. [PMID: 16759915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Revised: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Models of decision-making usually focus on cognitive, situational, and socio-cultural variables in accounting for human performance. However, the emotional component is rarely addressed within these models. This paper reviews evidence for the emotional aspect of decision-making and its role within a new framework of investigation, called neuroeconomics. The new approach aims to build a comprehensive theory of decision-making, through the unification of theories and methods from economics, psychology, and neuroscience. In this paper, we review these integrative research methods and their applications to issues of public health, with illustrative examples from our research on young adults' safe sex practices. This approach promises to be valuable as a comprehensively descriptive and possibly, better predictive model for construction and customization of decision support tools for health professionals and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily A Gutnik
- Laboratory of Decision Making and Cognition, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Sullivan KT, Pasch LA, Cornelius T, Cirigliano E. Predicting participation in premarital prevention programs: the health belief model and social norms. FAMILY PROCESS 2004; 43:175-93. [PMID: 15603502 DOI: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2004.04302004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective programs to prevent marital dysfunction has been a recent focus for marital researchers, but the effective dissemination of these programs to engaged couples has received relatively little attention. The purpose of this study is to determine which factors predict couples' participation in premarital counseling. Predictive factors were derived from the health prevention literature, with a particular focus on the health belief model (HBM). Couples' beliefs and attitudes about premarital counseling were assessed at least six months before their wedding, and participation was assessed after their wedding. Results indicate that the strongest predictors of couples' participation were couples' perceptions of barriers to counseling and whether they had counseling recommended to them. These variables predicted participation even after controlling for important demographic variables. Recommendations for recruiting engaged couples for premarital counseling are made based on the findings.
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de Wit JB, Stroebe W, de Vroome EM, Sandfort TG, van Griensven GJ. Understanding AIDS preventive behavior with casual and primary partners in homosexual men: The theory of planned behavior and the information-motivation-behavioral-skills model. Psychol Health 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/08870440008401996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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