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Liu X, Feng R, Chen X, Yuan Y. "Left on read" examining social media users' lurking behavior: an integration of anxiety and social media fatigue. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1406895. [PMID: 39156812 PMCID: PMC11327116 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1406895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the widespread use of social media, the behavior and mindset of users have been transformed, leading to a gradual increase in lurking users, which can impede the sustainable development of social media platforms. In this study, we aim to investigate the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors on social media users' anxiety, social media fatigue, and lurking behavior. Methodology For the confirmation of these phenomena and to validate the theories, a structural equation model was constructed based on the SSO (Stressor-Strain-Outcome) theoretical framework. The model was then tested and validated with data from 836 valid online surveys. These data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 24.0 software. Results The results indicate that intrinsic motivations (such as social comparison and privacy concerns) and extrinsic motivations (including information overload, functional overload, and social overload) are positively associated with users' lurking behavior through the mediating effects of social media fatigue and anxiety. Additionally, for the mediator variables, social media fatigue was found to be positively associated with anxiety. Discussion These findings underscore the importance of social media platforms considering both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors to mitigate user anxiety and social media fatigue. By addressing these factors, platforms can foster user satisfaction and increase engagement, ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of social media platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Culture and Media, Shanxi College of Applied Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ran Feng
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Macau, Macao, China
- School of Broadcast Announcing Arts, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Culture and Media, Shanxi College of Applied Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
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Fan W, Osman S, Zainudin N, Yao P. How information and communication overload affect consumers' platform switching behavior in social commerce. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31603. [PMID: 38831840 PMCID: PMC11145503 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In social commerce, users are increasingly resorting to social media platforms to search for information, purchase goods, and share shopping experiences. However, social media use may also affect users' emotions negatively, causing them to switch platforms. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how negative factors (i.e., information and communication overload) affect consumers' platform-switching behavior in social commerce. Drawing on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model, this study established a research framework and conducted an online survey in China. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data, generating 477 valid responses. Data analysis, based on structural equation modeling, indicates that information and communication overload, and online fatigue positively affect platform-switching intention. The effect of the intention to switch on behavior is moderated by switching costs. Mediation analysis shows that information and communication overload can indirectly influence switching behavior through online fatigue and switching intention. This study incorporates the novel aspects of switching costs in examining the driving forces behind platform-switching in social commerce, thereby theoretically adding value to the existing body of knowledge. Apart from this, our findings also bear significant practical implications and are valuable for social commerce platforms and sellers to improve their user experience and retain existing customers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Fan
- Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Syuhaily Osman
- Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Norzalina Zainudin
- Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Pinyi Yao
- College of Business, Nanning University, Nanning, 530200, China
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Ou M, Zheng H, Kim HK, Chen X. A meta-analysis of social media fatigue: Drivers and a major consequence. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Świątek AH, Szcześniak M, Aleksandrowicz B, Zaczkowska D, Wawer W, Ścisłowska M. Problematic Smartphone Use and Social Media Fatigue: The Mediating Role of Self-Control. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:211-222. [PMID: 36718180 PMCID: PMC9884050 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s389806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive social media consumption leads to addiction and affects mental health. It is a phenomenon that is difficult to avoid. Previous research on the effects of excessive Internet use shows that people who engage in social media (SM) without restraint experience over-involvement, over-disclosure, technostress, and social media fatigue (SMF). SMF, conceptualized as an emotional and cognitive feeling of being overwhelmed, manifests itself in mindless browsing of content, limiting the amount of time spent on SM, or quitting SM altogether. Self-control, although present in the technology addiction literature and psychology research, has been rarely described in relation to both excessive SM use and SMF. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to verify whether there is a direct relationship between problematic smartphone use and SMF, and whether this association is mediated by self-control. Methods The study included 210 respondents (M = 25.85, SD = 9.84) living in different Polish cities. The survey was conducted online, and the respondents consented to participate in the study. They completed the following measures: the Mobile Phone Problematic Use, the Self-Control Scale, the Social Media Fatigue Scale, and a brief questionnaire with socio-demographic data. Results Statistical analysis was performed to verify the relationship between problematic mobile phone use, level of self-control, and SMF. The outcomes indicate that there are significant interrelationships between the three studied variables. The association between problematic smartphone use and SMF is mediated by self-control. Conclusion A lack of impulse-inhibition skills, such as compulsive checking of notifications, can be a significant factor in SM exhaustion, fatigue, or frustration. SMF can also be understood as a natural defensive response, triggered in situations where individuals are overwhelmed, when the self-control is insufficient to stop the compulsion to use SM, and the use of a smartphone for this purpose is excessively engaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Szcześniak
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland,Correspondence: Małgorzata Szcześniak, Email
| | | | - Daria Zaczkowska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Weronika Wawer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Chen S, Gu C, Wei J, Lv M. Research on the influence mechanism of privacy invasion experiences with privacy protection intentions in social media contexts: Regulatory focus as the moderator. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1031592. [PMID: 36704686 PMCID: PMC9871891 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1031592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent years, there have been numerous online privacy violation incidents caused by the leakage of personal information of social media users, yet there seems to be a tendency for users to burn out when it comes to privacy protection, which leads to more privacy invasions and forms a vicious circle. Few studies have examined the impact of social media users' privacy invasion experiences on their privacy protection intention. Protection motivation theory has often been applied to privacy protection research. However, it has been suggested that the theory could be improved by introducing individual emotional factors, and empirical research in this area is lacking. Methods To fill these gaps, the current study constructs a moderated chain mediation model based on protection motivation theory and regulatory focus theory, and introduces privacy fatigue as an emotional variable. Results and discussion An analysis of a sample of 4800 from China finds that: (1) Social media users' previous privacy invasion experiences can increase their privacy protection intention. This process is mediated by response costs and privacy fatigue. (2) Privacy fatigue plays a masking effect, i.e., increased privacy invasion experiences and response costs will raise individuals' privacy fatigue, and the feeling of privacy fatigue significantly reduces individuals' willingness to protect their privacy. (3) Promotion-focus individuals are less likely to experience privacy fatigue than those with prevention-focus. In summary, this trend of "lie flat" on social media users' privacy protection is caused by the key factor of "privacy fatigue", and the psychological trait of regulatory focus can be used to interfere with the development of privacy fatigue. This study extends the scope of research on privacy protection and regulatory focus theory, refines the theory of protection motivation, and expands the empirical study of privacy fatigue; the findings also inform the practical governance of social network privacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subai Chen
- School of Journalism and Communication, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenyu Gu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Juan Wei
- School of Journalism and Communication, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingjie Lv
- Research Center for Intelligent Society and Social Governance, Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mingjie Lv ✉ ; ✉
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Li J, Zhang S, Ao W. Why is instant messaging not instant? Understanding users’ negative use behavior of instant messaging software. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Khan MI, Loh J(M, Hossain A, Hasan Talukder MJ. Cynicism as strength: Privacy cynicism, satisfaction and trust among social media users. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ashiru JA, Oluwajana D, Biabor OS. Is the Global Pandemic Driving Me Crazy? The Relationship Between Personality Traits, Fear of Missing Out, and Social Media Fatigue During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-16. [PMID: 35069044 PMCID: PMC8760102 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Individ uals' psychological behaviors and fear of missing out are affected by the global pandemic. This study investigates how individual "Big Five" personality traits influence fear of missing out leading to social media fatigue, the impact of social media fatigue on social media fatigue behavior during the COVID-19 lockdown. As a result, this study proposes and develops a model using the structural equation modelling for data obtained from young adults in the South-Western region of Nigeria. Results show the impact of openness, conscientiousness, and extraversion emotional instability was positively significant towards fear of missing out over the use of social media during COVID-19, whereas the effect of agreeableness and emotional stability were insignificant towards fear of missing out over the use of social media during COVID-19. In addition, the impact of the fear of missing out on social media fatigue influences social media fatigue behavior. Theoretical and managerial implications for "Big Five" personality traits, fear of missing out, social media fatigue, and social media behaviors are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jola-ade Ashiru
- Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Lefkosa, North Cyprus Cyprus
| | - Dokun Oluwajana
- Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Lefkosa, North Cyprus Cyprus
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Jiang L, Huang Y, Cheng H, Zhang T, Huang L. Emergency Response and Risk Communication Effects of Local Media during COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Study Based on a Social Media Network. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10942. [PMID: 34682685 PMCID: PMC8535417 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As the country where the COVID-19 was first reported and initially broke out, China has controlled the spread of the pandemic well. The pandemic prevention process included emergency response and risk communication, both of which could notably increase public participation, people's anxiety has been alleviated, their confidence in the government has been enhanced, and the implementation of prevention and control measures has been understood. This study selected 157,283 articles published by 447 accounts across 326 cities in February 2020 from WeChat, the largest social media application in China, to systematically compare the spatial distributions in the effectiveness of emergency responses and risk communication. The results showed that there were significant regional differences in the effectiveness of emergency response and risk communication during the pandemic period in China. The effectiveness of emergency response and risk communication are related to the exposure risk to the COVID-19, the level of economy, culture, and education of the region, the type of accounts and articles, and the ranking of the articles in posts. The timeliness and distribution types of articles should take into account the psychological changes in communication recipients to avoid the dissemination of homogenized information to the masses and the resulting information receiving fatigue period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (L.J.); (Y.H.); (H.C.); (T.Z.)
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Świątek AH, Szcześniak M, Bielecka G. Trait Anxiety and Social Media Fatigue: Fear of Missing Out as a Mediator. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1499-1507. [PMID: 34616190 PMCID: PMC8488036 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s319379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interdisciplinary literature indicates different correlates of social media fatigue (hereinafter: SMF). Some studies show that high levels of anxiety may induce lowered Internet use and lead social media users to withdraw from Internet activities. Since the relationship between anxiety and social media use is complex, it is important to investigate mediating factors that may indirectly contribute to or exacerbate this association. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to verify whether fear of missing out (hereinafter: FoMO) is a potential factor accounting for why anxiety is associated with SMF. Participants Methods and Data Collection The research was conducted on a group of 264 adolescents and adults (85% women). The mean age of the respondents was M = 23.76 with SD = 5.98 (range = 14-50 years). The data were collected via online social networking among college students, their family members and friends. The participants answered the Trait Anxiety Scale (TAS), Social Media Fatigue Scale (SMFS), Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMO), and Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Results The outcomes showed that respondents with higher levels of trait anxiety report more intense cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and overall online fatigue. Concurrently, individuals who experience FoMO on the Internet declare being tired of social media use. Moreover, FoMO mediates the association between trait anxiety and all three dimensions of SMF, and its overall result. Conclusion The present research increases our understanding of the possible role of apprehension related to missing out on the anxiety and fatigue connected to engagement in social media. It is possible to assess that trait anxiety might induce higher SMF when individuals experience a general apprehension that others are doing or having things that they do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata H Świątek
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-017, Poland
| | | | - Grażyna Bielecka
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-017, Poland
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Świątek AH, Szcześniak M, Zhang S, Borkowska H. A Preliminary Validation of the Polish Version of the Social Media Fatigue Scale. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:719-729. [PMID: 34140816 PMCID: PMC8204136 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s312897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As social media fatigue is a newly described phenomenon, we do not possess many tools to measure this concept. The main aim of the study was to establish a latent structure of the Social Media Fatigue Scale (SMFS) and to identify whether the Polish version is congruent with the Chinese version. The second aim was to examine whether the factor structure fits the data and yields a comparable goodness-of-fit index. The third aim was to consider the convergent validity of the SMFS and to verify whether tiredness and Internet addiction correlate positively. Methods The research was conducted on a group of 331 (1st Study) and 379 (2nd Study) adolescents and young adults. It was performed using the SMFS and Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Results The outcomes suggest that the three-factor structure is the optimal and reliable solution that corresponds to the original SMFS. CFA provided a good fit. All the dimensions of the SMFS correlated positively with Internet addiction. Conclusion The Polish version of the SMFS presented satisfactory psychometric properties, showing many similarities with the original Chinese version of the SMFS. The findings confirm that excessive use of social media may lead to discomfort and negative emotions related to feeling overwhelmed by information, social interaction overload, and personal/others' expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata H Świątek
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-017, Poland
| | | | - Shiyi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanna Borkowska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-017, Poland
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