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Vázquez AL, Navarro Flores CM, Feinberg DK, Gonzalez JC, Young J, Stewart RW, Orengo-Aguayo RE. A network analysis of Hurricane Maria-related traumatic stress and substance use among Puerto Rican youth. J Trauma Stress 2024; 37:267-279. [PMID: 38196345 PMCID: PMC10984797 DOI: 10.1002/jts.23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Youth exposed to natural disasters are at risk of developing trauma-related symptoms as well as engaging in substance use. Although previous research has established associations between disaster-related stressors and substance use in youth, less has focused on how symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may underpin this association. The current study used network analysis to identify specific PTSD symptoms associated with substance use following a natural disaster. Participants were 91,732 youths (Grades 3-12) from across Puerto Rico who completed a needs assessment 5-9 months after Hurricane Maria made landfall in September 2017. We examined associations between PTSD symptoms and substance use, identified clusters of symptoms and bridges between them, and explored age- and binary gender-related differences in associations between specific PTSD symptoms and substance use. Analyses identified two symptom communities: (a) arousal and reactivity, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and substance use, and (b) avoidance and intrusion. Broader findings suggested that substance use was most strongly associated with PTSD-related irritability and angry outbursts among youths. Surrounding nodes explained only 4.1% of the variance in substance use, but this was higher among youths who reported not having a supportive adult, R2 = 8.5; friend, R2 = 7.9; or teacher/counselor, R2 = 7.7, in their life. The bridge symptoms of sleep disruption and physiological reactivity were identified as potentially critical intervention targets for disrupting PTSD symptom networks after a natural disaster. Implications for triaged mental health care following natural disasters and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro L. Vázquez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Navarro Flores
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel K. Feinberg
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - John Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Regan W. Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rosaura E. Orengo-Aguayo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Williamson RE, Macia KS, Burton J, Wickham RE. Mapping the Pathways Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Alcohol and Cannabis Use: A Network Analysis. J Dual Diagn 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38555875 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2024.2330620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The present study examines the network structure and, using Bayesian network analysis, estimates the directional pathways among symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and levels of alcohol and cannabis use. Method: A sample of 1471 adults in the United States, who reported at least one potentially traumatic event, completed the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Alcohol/Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT/CUDIT). A regularized partial correlation network provided estimates of symptoms clusters and connections. Directional pathways within the network were then estimated using a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Results: Symptoms clustered in theoretically consistent ways. Risky behavior demonstrated the highest strength centrality and bridge strength. Neither alcohol nor cannabis use appeared central in the network, and DAG results suggested that MDD and PTSD symptoms are more likely to lead to substance use than the other way around. Conclusions: Results suggest that cannabis use is largely connected to alcohol use. Consistent with prior research, risky behavior appeared to be the primary bridge between substance use and PTSD. The direction of associations between substance use and psychological symptoms requires further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn S Macia
- HSR&D Center for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, California, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | | | - Robert E Wickham
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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Huo X, Li X, Gu M, Qin T, Qiao K, Bai X, Wang Y, Yang Y. Mechanism of community quitters' psychological traits on their smoking cessation effects: Based on a study of community intervention. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:70. [PMID: 37252032 PMCID: PMC10210092 DOI: 10.18332/tid/162000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We study the relationship between psychological traits of smokers and their smoking cessation effects, and provide more scientific evidence for smoking cessation intervention. METHODS The study was conducted as a nested case-control study. Smokers who participated in the community smoking cessation intervention projects in Beijing in 2018-2020, were selected as the research participants and divided into two groups: a successful smoking cessation and unsuccessful smoking cessation group, according to their smoking cessation effects at 6 months. Psychological traits of quitters including smoking abstinence self-efficacy, willingness to quit smoking, and trait coping style, were compared between the two groups, and a structural equation model was established for confirmatory factor analysis to analyze their mechanisms. RESULTS There were differences in smoking cessation results between the successful smoking cessation group and the unsuccessful smoking cessation group in terms of smoking abstinence self-efficacy and willingness to quit smoking. Willingness to quit smoking (OR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.008-1.118) is a risk factor, while smoking abstinence self-efficacy in habit/addiction situations (OR=0.77; 95% CI: 0.657-0.912) is a protective factor. The results of the structural equation model showed that smoking abstinence self-efficacy (β=0.199, p=0.002) and trait coping style (β= -0.166, p=0.042) could influence smoking cessation effects. The structural equation model was well fitted, which showed that smoking abstinence self-efficacy (β=0.199, p=0.002) and trait coping style (β= -0.166, p=0.042) might have influenced the effect of smoking cessation among smokers. CONCLUSIONS Willingness to quit smoking has a positive impact on the smoking cessation effect, while smoking abstinence self-efficacy in habit/addiction situations and negative trait coping style have a negative impact. Smoking abstinence self-efficacy and trait coping styles can significantly affect smoking cessation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Huo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingming Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Gu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Bai
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ma A, Yang Y, Guo S, Li X, Zhang S, Chang H. Adolescent resilience and mobile phone addiction in Henan Province of China: Impacts of chain mediating, coping style. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278182. [PMID: 36574414 PMCID: PMC9794036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As mobile phone use grows, so it brings benefits and risks. As an important part of adolescents healthy growth, resilience plays an indispensable role. Thus, it is important to identify when mobile phone use of an adolescent becomes an addiction. This study proposed to explore the effects of adolescent resilience on mobile phone addiction, and tested the mediating role of coping style and depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS) on phone addiction among 2,268 adolescents in the Henan province, China. METHODS The adolescents were surveyed via an online questionnaire, a mobile phone addiction index (MPAI), a depression, anxiety, and stress scale with 21 items (DASS-21), the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA), and the Simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ), and we used structural equation modeling to examine the correlations and moderation effects. All data analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 and Amos 23.0. RESULTS The results show that adolescences resilience were negatively related to negative coping, DASS, and mobile phone addiction; both coping style and DASS could mediate the relationship between adolescent resilience and mobile phone addiction among Chinese adolescents. The relationship between adolescent resilience and mobile phone addiction in Chinese adolescents was mediated by the chain of coping styles and DASS. CONCLUSIONS There is a negative relationship which exists between resilience and mobile phone addiction in this population. In addition, stress, anxiety, depression, and coping style significantly influence the risk of adolescent mobile phone addiction and play an intermediary role in Chinese adolescent resilience and mobile phone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ma
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuangxi Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan province, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | | | - Hongjuan Chang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China,* E-mail:
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Family Roles in the Risk of Serious Mental Illness among Youth with Substance Misuse: A Systematic Review. HEALTH SCOPE 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope-129712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Context: Psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are common among young people with substance misuse. Preventive strategies can diminish the negative impact on the society, especially family function. Objectives: The objective of this study was to systematically review the family functions in the risk of serious mental illness among youth with substance misuse. Methods: The main databases Web of Science, PubMed, and SCOPUS were searched for studies published during January 2018-December 202. “Prevention”, “anxiety”, “coping”, “family”, “parents”, “patients care plan”, “adjustment”, “community”, “youth”, and “drug addiction” were the keywords searched in the databases. The present review was conducted in 2022. Results: After the screening of articles based on the exclusion criteria, we selected seven studies. The studies were classified as affianced, patience, pulling out, social support, and emotional stability actions. Society and parents, who are the core family members, feel anxious following the drug misuse of the youth. The youngsters felt that these substances were harmful for their health, especially reproductive health. The parents felt very secluded from family and friends. There are different preventive strategies to overcome this behavior. Conclusions: Results of different evaluated studies showed that using emotional strategy is the common tool to prevent substance abuse. Social status and cultural perspective are effective in preventing this issue.
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Myntti WW, Armstrong SB. Bouncing back from COVID-19: The role of resilience in depression, substance use, and loneliness in college students amidst the pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36328785 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2135377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the influence of specific COVID-19 impacts on college student depression, loneliness, and alcohol and cannabis use, and to investigate if resilience moderates these relationships. Participants: Data were collected from students (N = 1849, 80.9% white, 66.6% female) at a midwestern university during the 2021 winter/spring semester. Methods: Data were gathered cross-sectionally through an online survey platform. COVID-19 impacts and resilience's relationships with mental health variables were analyzed with multiple regression analysis. Moderation analyses were conducted using PROCESS. Results: The COVID-19 impacts measured in this study were significantly related to student depression and cannabis use. Resilience moderated the association between COVID-19 impacts and (a) depression and (b) cannabis use. Conclusion: Resilience may mitigate the effect of pandemic-related impacts on depression and cannabis use in college students, but not loneliness and alcohol use. These findings hold important implications for further research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warner W Myntti
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Stacey B Armstrong
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan, USA
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Ma A, Yang Y, Guo S, Li X, Zhang S, Chang H. The Impact of Adolescent Resilience on Mobile Phone Addiction During COVID-19 Normalization and Flooding in China: A Chain Mediating. Front Psychol 2022; 13:865306. [PMID: 35814111 PMCID: PMC9261930 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.865306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural disasters cause long-term psychological problems and increase substance use in some adults. However, it is unclear whether disasters also lead to these problems in adolescents. We hypothesized the influence of adolescent resilience on mobile phone addiction during the normalization of COVID-19 and flooding. We tested the mediating role of coping style and depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS) on phone addiction among 1,751 adolescents in the Henan Province in China. The adolescents were surveyed via an online questionnaire, and we used structural equation modeling to examine the correlations and moderation effects. The results show that coping style and DASS could mediate the relationship between adolescent resilience and mobile phone addiction among Chinese adolescents. A chain of coping styles and DASS mediated the relationship between adolescent resilience and mobile phone addiction in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ma
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- School of Nursing, St. Paul University Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuangxi Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | | | - Hongjuan Chang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjuan Chang,
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Mesman E, Vreeker A, Hillegers M. Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents: an update of the recent literature and future directions. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2021; 34:586-592. [PMID: 34433193 PMCID: PMC8500371 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In order to promote optimal development of children and adolescents at risk for psychiatric disorders, a better understanding of the concept resilience is crucial. Here, we provide an overview of recent work on clinical and epidemiological correlates of resilience and mental health in children and adolescents. RECENT FINDINGS Our systematic literature search revealed 25 studies that unanimously show that higher levels of resilience are related to fewer mental health problems, despite the heterogeneity of study populations and instruments. Correlates of resilience included multisystem factors, such as social, cultural, family and individual aspects, which is in line with the multisystem approach as described by recent resilience theories. Longitudinal studies are scarce but confirm the dynamical character of resilience and mental health. The application of longitudinal studies and innovative measurement techniques will improve our understanding on the cascade effects of stressors on resilience and mental health outcomes. SUMMARY Resilience is strongly associated with mental health in children and adolescents and deserves a more prominent role in research, prevention programs and routine clinical care. Including social, cultural and family context in the evaluation of resilience is of great value, as this can identify targets for early and preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mesman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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The Association between Child and Parent Psychiatric Disorders in Families Exposed to Flood and/or Dioxin. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11040046. [PMID: 33915718 PMCID: PMC8066693 DOI: 10.3390/bs11040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations of disaster mental health sequelae between children and their parents have been demonstrated, but not using full diagnostic assessment. This study examined children and their parents after a series of disasters in 1982 to investigate associations of their psychiatric outcomes. Members of 169 families exposed to floods and/or dioxin or no disaster were assessed in 1986–1987 with structured diagnostic interviews. This vintage dataset collected several decades ago provides new information to this field because of the methodological rigor that is unparalleled in this literature. Disaster-related PTSD and incident postdisaster disorders in children were associated, respectively with disaster-related PTSD and incident postdisaster disorders in the chief caregiver and mother. More flood-only than dioxin-only exposed parents reported great harm by the disaster, but neither children nor parents in these two groups differed in incident psychiatric disorders. Although this study did not determine the direction of causal influences, its findings suggest that clinicians working with disaster-exposed families should work with children and adult members together, as their mental health outcomes may be intertwined.
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